_From a photograph taken by moonlight in the Arctic regions._]
The second period covers from about 1850 to 1895, In this period
other nations--the United States, Germany, Austria, Sweden, and
Norway--showed equal activity with Great Britain, and the names of
Kane, Hayes, Hall, Lockwood, Brainard (United States), Nares and
Markham (Great Britain), Koldewey and Weyprecht (Germany), Payer
(Austria), Nordenskjöld (Sweden), and others were written indelibly
into Arctic history. In this period the record of farthest north which
had been held by Great Britain was wrested from her in 1882 by Lockwood
and Brainard of the United States.