"Interesting and instructive to all."--_New York Herald._
"Highly interesting and valuable for every lover of horses."--_Illustrirte
Zeitung, Berlin._
"We cannot more fittingly conclude our review than by repeating our
recommendation of the work to all artistic and scientific bodies."--_The
Nation, New York._
"So perfect was the synthesis that a dog in the lecture room barked and
endeavored to chase the phantom horses as they galloped across the
screen."--_Berkeley Weekly News._
[Illustration: 48. VILLAGE BLACKSMITHS.]
"Noted artists, such as Menzel, Knaus, Begas; eminent scientists, such as
von Helmholtz, Siemens and Förster and even the imperturbable
field-marshal, Count von Moltke, were enthusiastic in their
applause."--_Illustrirte Zeitung._
"A very large number could not obtain admission, so great was the desire to
hear the lecture.... A wonderful surprise even to the careful observer of
Nature."--_Die Press_, Vienna.
"The lecture was received with stormy applause."--_Berliner Post_, Berlin.
"The lecture was given in a popular manner, with scientific accuracy and
artistic taste.... The room was filled to the last corner; nearly all the
Royal Family and the Ministers were present."--_Münchener Neueste
Nachrichten_, Munich.
[Illustration: 49. A FAN FLIRTATION.]
"After attending Mr. Muybridge's demonstrations, we felt no surprise at his
having been received so enthusiastically in Paris."--_Berliner Tageblatt_,
Berlin.
"The lectures of Mr. Muybridge are unquestionably the most intensely
interesting we ever listened to. No one in Berlin should fail to attend
them."--_Norddeutsch Allgem Zeitung_, Berlin.
"Some lectures are too technical for the general public. Here is one in
which everybody is interested. The Lecture Theatre was crammed to
repletion; we thought a few vacant places might have been reserved for
those whose pleasant duty it is to record the brilliant success of Mr.
Muybridge."--_Pall Mall Budget_, London.
[Illustration: 50. ATHLETE, RUNNING LONG JUMP.]
"So great an interest did the demonstrations excite that Mr. Muybridge was
unanimously requested to repeat them. Two days afterward this distinguished
company, including the venerable Field-Marshal (Count von Moltke) himself,
attended a repetition of the lecture."--_Illustrirte Zeitung._
* * * * *
_APPENDIX B._
ANIMAL LOCOMOTION.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.
The results of the investigation executed for the University of
Pennsylvania are
SEVEN HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-ONE SHEETS OF ILLUSTRATIONS,
containing more than 20,000 figures of men, women, and children, animals
and birds, actively engaged in walking, galloping, flying, working,
jumping, fighting, dancing, playing at base-ball, cricket, and other
athletic games, or other actions incidental to every-day life, which
illustrate motion or the play of muscles.
These sheets of illustrations are conventionally called "plates."
EACH PLATE IS COMPLETE IN ITSELF WITHOUT REFERENCE TO ANY OTHER PLATE,
and illustrates the successive phases of a single action, photographed with
automatic electro-photographic apparatus at regulated and accurately
recorded intervals of time, _consecutively_ from one point of view; or,
_consecutively_ AND _synchronously_ from _two_, or from _three_ points of
view.
A series of twelve consecutive exposures, from each of the three points of
view, are represented by an outline tracing on a small scale of plate 579,
a complete stride of a horse walking; the intervals of exposures are
recorded as being one hundred and twenty-six one-thousandths of a second.
[Illustration: REDUCED OUTLINE TRACING OF PLATE 579.--"ANIMAL LOCOMOTION."]
[Illustration: REDUCED TRACING OF SOME PHASES FROM PLATE 758.]
[Illustration: REDUCED TRACINGS OF PLATE 347.]
When one of the series of foreshortenings is made at a right angle with the
lateral series the arrangement of the phases is usually thus:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Laterals.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Rear Foreshortenings
from points of view on
the same vertical line,
at an angle of 90 deg.
from the Laterals.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Front Foreshortenings
from points of view on
the same horizontal
plane, at suitable angles
from the Laterals.
The plates are not _photographs_ in the common acceptation of the word, but
are printed in PERMANENT INK, from gelatinised copper-plates, by the New
York Photo-Gravure Company, on thick linen plate-paper.
The size of the paper is 45 × 60 centimetres--(19 × 24 inches), and the
printed surface varies from 15 × 45 to 20 × 30 centimetres--(6 × 18 to 9 ×
12 inches).
The number of figures on each plate varies from 12 to 36.
To publish so great a number of plates as one undivided work was considered
unnecessary, for each subject tells its own story; and inexpedient, for it
would defeat the object which the University had in view, and limit its
acquisition to wealthy individuals, large Libraries, or Institutions where
it would be beyond the reach of many who might desire to study it.
It has, therefore, been decided to issue a series of One Hundred Plates,
which number, for the purposes of publication, will be considered as a
"COPY" of the work. These one hundred plates will probably meet the
requirements of the greater number of the subscribers.
In accordance with this view is re-issued the following prospectus.
PROSPECTUS
ANIMAL LOCOMOTION,
AN ELECTRO-PHOTOGRAPHIC INVESTIGATION OF CONSECUTIVE
PHASES OF ANIMAL MOVEMENTS,
BY
EADWEARD MUYBRIDGE.
Commenced, 1872--Completed, 1885.
PUBLISHED 1887, UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA.
_Exclusively by Subscription_.
CONSISTING OF A SERIES OF
ONE HUNDRED PLATES,
AT A SUBSCRIPTION PRICE OF
ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS For the United States, or TWENTY GUINEAS For Great
Britain;
Or the equivalent of Twenty Guineas in the gold currency
of other countries in Central or Western Europe.
The Plates are enclosed in a strong, canvas-lined, full AMERICAN-RUSSIA
LEATHER PORTFOLIO.
Additional Plates in any required number will be supplied to the subscriber
at the same proportionate rate; these, however, must be ordered at the same
time as the subscription Plates.
It was considered inadvisable to make an _arbitrary_ selection of the one
hundred Plates offered to subscribers, and with the object of meeting, as
far as possible, their diverse requirements, they are invited to make their
own selection, either from the subjoined list of subjects, or from a
detailed catalogue, which will be forwarded free of expense to every
subscriber.
The following are the numbers of Plates published of each class of
subjects, from which the subscriber's selection can be made:--
Class. Plates Published.
1. Men, draped 6
2. " pelvis cloth 72
3. " nude 133
4. Women, draped 60
5. " transparent drapery and semi-nude 63
6. " nude 180
7. Children, draped 1
8. " nude 15
9. Movements of a man's hand 5
10. Abnormal movements, men and women, nude
and semi-nude 27
11. Horses walking, trotting, galloping, jumping, &c. 95
12. Mules, oxen, dogs, cats, goats, and other domestic
animals 40
13. Lions, elephants, buffaloes, camels, deer, and
other wild animals 57
14. Pigeons, vultures, ostriches, eagles, cranes and
other birds 27
---
Total number of Plates 781
Containing more than 20,000 Figures.
Should the selection be made from the Catalogue, it will be advisable to
give the Author permission to change any one of the selected Plates for any
other illustrating the same action, if, in his judgment, the substituted
Plate illustrates that action with a better model, or in a more perfect
manner than the one selected.
With regard to the selection of Plates, however, it has been found by
experience that unless any special subject or plate is required it will be
more satisfactory to the subscriber if he gives the Author GENERAL
INSTRUCTIONS as to the CLASS of subjects desired and to leave the SPECIFIC
selection to him.
Many of the large Libraries and Art or Science Institutions in America and
in Europe have subscribed for, and have now in their possession, a complete
series of the seven hundred and eighty-one Plates, the subscription price
for which is
FIVE HUNDRED DOLLARS
in the United States,
ONE HUNDRED GUINEAS
in Great Britain for the complete series, in eight full AMERICAN-RUSSIA
LEATHER PORTFOLIOS, or if bound in eleven volumes, each plate _hinged_,
full American-Russia leather,
FIVE HUNDRED AND FIFTY DOLLARS
in the United States,
ONE HUNDRED AND TEN GUINEAS
in Great Britain; or its equivalent for any city in Central or Western
Europe.
Subscribers who wish to make use of these Plates for the promotion or
diffusion of knowledge, or for artistic or scientific purposes, will be
afforded facilities for acquiring working copies by special arrangement
with the Author.
The investigations of the Author are so well known; and so generally
recognized as affording the only basis of truthful interpretation or
accurate criticism of Animal Movement, that it is perhaps scarcely
necessary to quote from the many elaborate reviews of "Animal Locomotion,"
which have been published in the American, English, French, and German
Scientific, Artistic, and other Journals. A few extracts therefrom are
however given in Appendix A.
For the value of the present work to the general student of Nature and the
lover of Art, no less than to the Artist and the Archæologist, the
Physiologist and the Anatomist, it is with much pride and gratitude that he
refers to the annexed list of some of his subscribers.
SUBSCRIBERS.
The general or departmental Libraries of the following
UNIVERSITIES.
Amsterdam
Andrews, St.
Basel
Berlin
Bern
Bologna
Bonn
Breslau
Bruxelles
Edinburgh
Erlangen
Freiburg
Genève
Genova
Glasgow
Göttingen
Griefswald
Hallé
Heidelberg
Innsbrück
Jena
Kiel
Königsberg
Leiden
Leipzig
Liège
Louvain
München
Napoli
Oxford
Padova
Pisa
Prag
Roma
Rostock
Strassburg
Torino
Tübingen
Utrecht
Wien
Würzberg
Zürich
IMPERIAL, NATIONAL, OR ROYAL ACADEMIES OF FINE ARTS.
Amsterdam
Antwerpen
Berlin
Bern
Birmingham
Bologna
Breslau
Bruxelles
Budapest
Dresden
Düsseldorf
Firenze
Frankfurt
Genova
Gent
Leipzig
Liège
London
Manchester
Milano
München
Napoli
Paris
Praha
Roma (_de France_)
Sheffield
Torino
Venezia
Wien
Zürich
Architectural Institute, München
Herkomer School of Art, Bushey
ART MUSEUMS.
Amsterdam
Berlin
Budapest
ARCHÆOLOGICAL INSTITUTES AND MUSEUMS.
Dresden
Griefswald
Heidelberg
Königsberg
Leipzig
Prag
Rostock
Strassburg
Wien
Würzburg
Zürich
INDUSTRIAL ART AND SCIENCE MUSEUMS.
Berlin
Dublin
Edinburgh
Kensington
Paris
Wien
INDUSTRIAL ART SCHOOLS.
Amsterdam
Breslau
Budapest
Frankfurt
Nürnberg
Zürich
LIBRARIES.
The Royal Library, Windsor Castle.
Imperial Library, Berlin.
Birmingham, Free Public
Edinburgh, Advocates'
Glasgow, Mitchell Free
Liverpool, Free Public
London, British Museum
Manchester, Free Public
Nottingham, Free Public
Paris, National Library
ANATOMICAL INSTITUTES.
Bern
Breslau
Freiburg
Hallé
Innsbrück
Kiel
Königsberg
Leipzig
München
Pisa
Prag
Rostock
Tübingen
Würzburg
Zürich
ROYAL COLLEGES OF SURGEONS.
Edinburgh
London
PHYSIOLOGICAL INSTITUTES.
Basel
Berlin
Bern
Bologna
Bonn
Breslau
Bruxelles
Erlangen
Freiburg
Genova
Göttingen
Griefswald
Hallé
Heidelberg
Innsbrück
Jena
Kiel
Königsberg
Leipzig
Louvain
München
Napoli
Prag
Rostock
Strassburg
Torino
Tübingen
Wien
Würzburg
Zürich
VETERINARY INSTITUTES.
Alfort
Bern
Berlin
Dresden
London
ANTHROPOLOGICAL MUSEUMS.
Dresden
Firenze
ETHNOLOGICAL, NATURAL HISTORY, AND ZOÖLOGICAL
INSTITUTES AND MUSEUMS.
Amsterdam
Bruxelles
Freiburg
Kiel
Leiden
Liège
Napoli
Paris
Rostock
PHYSICAL INSTITUTES.
Basel
Bologna
Bruxelles
Genève
Heidelberg
Padova
Prag
Roma
Rostock
Utrecht
POLYTECHNIC HIGH SCHOOLS.
Berlin
Firenze
Wien
Zürich
COLLEGES.
Charterhouse
Clifton
Dublin (Trin.)
Eton
Owens
Wellington
ROYAL PORCELAIN MANUFACTORIES.
Berlin
Dresden
ARTISTIC, LITERARY OR SCIENTIFIC CLUBS.
Düsseldorf, _Malkesten_
Glasgow, _Western_
London, _Athenæum_
Rome, _Internazionale_
------
Agricultural High School of Berlin
Faculty of Medicine of Paris
Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow
Psychological Institute of Leipzig
Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh
Royal Institution, Edinburgh
Royal Dublin Society
Royal Society of London
DEPARTMENTS OF THE U. S. GOVERNMENT.
Bureau of Education
Bureau of Engraving
Bureau of Ethnology
Department of War
Library of Congress
National Museum
Patent Office
Smithsonian Institution
Surgeon General's Office.
INSTITUTIONS OF ART AND OF ART TRAINING.
Baltimore, Maryland Institute.
Boston, Museum of Fine Arts.
Chicago, Art Institute.
Cincinnati, Art Museum.
Milwaukee, School of Design.
Minneapolis, School of Design.
New Bedford, Swain School.
New York, Cooper Union.
New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art.
New York, National Academy of Design.
Philadelphia, Academy of Fine Arts.
Philadelphia, School of Industrial Art.
Philadelphia, School of Design for Women.
St. Louis, Museum of Fine Arts.
Washington, Corcoran Gallery of Art.
INSTITUTIONS OF SCIENCE.
Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.
American Institute, New York.
American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia.
College of Physicians, Philadelphia.
Essex Institute, Salem.
Franklin Institute, Philadelphia.
Museum of Comparative Zoölogy, Cambridge.
Museum of Natural History, New York.
Peabody Museum of Yale College.
UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES.
Brown
Columbia
Cornell
Harvard
Johns Hopkins
Kansas
Lehigh
Minnesota
Nebraska
New York
Pennsylvania
Princeton
Vassar
Vermont
Wellesley
Yale
LIBRARIES.
Baltimore--Peabody
Boston--Athenæum
Boston--Public
Brooklyn--L. I. Historical
Brooklyn Library
Chicago--Historical
Chicago--Public
Cincinnati--Public
Denver--Mercantile
Harlem Library
Massachusetts--State
Minneapolis--Public
New Bedford--Public
New York--Mercantile
New York--State
Pennsylvania--State
Philadelphia Library
St. Paul--Public
San Francisco--Public
Springfield (Mass.)--Public
Wisconsin--State Historical
Worcester (Mass.)--Public
It is impossible within the limits of this appendix to record the names of
the many well-known _Dilettanti_, Art Connoisseurs, Manufacturers, etc.,
who have acquired copies of Animal Locomotion, and it is difficult, without
unjust discrimination, to select a few from among the many Eminent Men
whose names and works are known all over the world and who are subscribers.
Among those, however, who have honored the Author by placing their names on
his subscription book--all academical and university distinctions being
omitted--are the following:
ARCHITECTS, PAINTERS OR SCULPTORS.
Alma-Tadema
Armitage
Becker
Begas
Bonnat
Boughton
Bouguereau
Bridgman
Burnham
Carolus-Duran
Cavelier
Conti, Tito
Dalou
von Defregger
Detaille
Dubois
Eisenmenger
Ende
Faed
Falguière
Fildes
Fremiet
Frith
Garnier
Gérôme
Gilbert
Gordigiani
Gow
Herkomer
Hunt, Holman
von Kaulbach
Knaus
Knight
Kopf
Leighton, Sir F.
von Lenbach
von Löfftz
Marks
du Maurier
Meissonier
von Menzel
Millais, Sir J.E.
Morot
Munkacsy
Orchardson
Ouless
Parsons
Passini
Poynter
Puvis, de Ch
Richardson
Richmond
Rivière-Briton
Robert-Fleury
Rodin
Roll
Roth
Rümann
Schilling
Siemering
St. Gaudens
Story
Thornycroft
Tiffany
Vibert
Villefroy
Vinea
Wagner
Ward
Watts
Weeks
Wells
von Werner
Whistler
Zügel.
ARCHÆOLOGISTS, AUTHORS OF ART WORKS, ETC.
von Berlepsch
Bullen
von Duhn
Ewald
Falke
Furness, H. H.
von Kekule
Klein
Muntz
Overbeck
Pietsch
Preuner
Pulszky
Ruskin
di Sambuy, Conte
Smith, Gen. Sir R.M.
Treu
Wolff, Albert.
ANATOMISTS, ANTHROPOLOGISTS, BIOLOGISTS, ETHNOLOGISTS, PALÆONTOLOGISTS,
PATHOLOGISTS, PHYSIOLOGISTS, PSYCHOLOGISTS, ZOOLOGISTS, ETC.
Acland, Sir H. W.
Agassiz, A.
Barrier
du Bois Reymond
Bowditch
Bowman, Sir W.
Braune, W.
Brown-Sequard
Burdon-Sanderson
Cleland
Darwin, F.
Exner, S.
Fick
Flower
Foster
Galton, F.
Gill
Goode, Brown
Hasse
Haughton
Heidenhain
Hering
Humphry
Huxley
Jensink
von Kölliker
von Kries
Lankester
Leidy
Lubbock, Sir J.
Ludwig
Mantegazza
Marey
Marshall
Meyer
Milne-Edwards
Mivart
Moleschott
Mosso
Munk
Müller, Max
Owen, Sir R.
Pasteur
Pepper W.
Pettigrew
Rabl
Romanes
Rückert
Schiff
Schütz
Virchow, R.
von Voit
Wear-Mitchell
Wood
Wundt
von Zittell.
PHYSICISTS, ETC.
Abney
Blake
Blazerna
Bramwell, Sir F.
Bunsen
Ditscheiner
Edison
Glaisher
von Helmholtz
Huggins
Langley
Mach
Matthiessen
Quincke
Spottiswoode
Thomson, Sir W.
Vogel
Weber.
MILITARY SCIENTISTS.
Field Marshal Count von Moltke
General U. S. Grant
General W. T. Sherman
General P. H. Sheridan
General R. B. Hayes.
* * * * *
THE SCIENCE OF ZOOPRAXOGRAPHY.
Made Popular by Suggestive Tracings from "Animal Locomotion."
------
A series of FIFTY ENGRAVINGS, each of which illustrates from 12 to 15
consecutive phases of some complete movement, photographed from life.
The successive phases of each action are arranged in a circle NINE INCHES
IN DIAMETER; for reduced copies of some of which see appendix A.
Printed on six-ply Bristol-board and enclosed in
A STRONG CLOTH PORTFOLIO,
size 10×12 inches; price, Five Dollars in the United States; or One Guinea
in Great Britain.
Sent free of postage upon receipt of price, to any country within the
Universal Postal Union.
EADWEARD MUYBRIDGE,
University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, U.S.A.
Or, at 10 Henrietta Street,
Covent Garden, London.
* * * * *
To convert the circles of figures into a
ZOOPRAXISCOPE,
cut out the disc, and, radiating from the centre thereof, about midway from
the margin, cut or stamp thirteen equidistant perforations; each an inch
long, and about the sixteenth of an inch wide.
Pin the centre of the disc to a handle and revolve it in the direction of
the arrow, at a distance of about twenty-four inches, in front of a mirror.
By looking through the _upper_ series of perforations at the reflection of
the _lower_ series of figures, a semblance of the original movements of
life will be seen.
The figures may be appropriately colored, and the back of the cardboard
disc should be painted a dark color, or covered with a piece of dark
surfaced paper before cutting the perforations.
* * * * *
DESCRIPTIVE ZOOPRAXOGRAPHY.
An Elementary Treatise on Animal Locomotion,
BY
EADWEARD MUYBRIDGE.
------
Illustrated with twelve consecutive phases--occurring during a single
stride--of each of the six regular progressive movements of the horse,
traced from the results of an investigation made by the Author for the
University of Pennsylvania.
12 mo. bound in cloth. Price in the United States, One Dollar; in Great
Britain Four Shillings and Three Pence.
Sent upon receipt of price, free of postage to any country within the
Universal Postal Union.
EADWEARD MUYBRIDGE,
University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, U. S. A.
Or 10 Henrietta Street,
Covent Garden, London.
End of Project Gutenberg's Descriptive Zoopraxography, by Eadweard Muybridge