Thucyd.
3. Expedition of Leotychidas against the Aleuadæ. Dorcis commander of the
Spartans in Asia. Assessment of Aristides.
4. Leotychidas goes into exile at Tegea, vol. I, p. 189. note i. p. 207.
note l. Archidamus the Eurypontid.(2025)
The Spartans determine to send no more commanders into Asia. Pausanias
goes in his own trireme to Byzantium, and there meditates treason.
War in Peloponnesus between Sparta and the Arcadians.
Epicharmus the comic poet flourishes.
468. 78. _Parmenides of Poseidonia._ Hieron victorious in the chariot
race.
* Pausanias dies in the temple of Minerva Chalciœcus.
Death of Hieron.
* Arcesilaus IV. of Cyrene conquers in the chariot race of Pytho.
Thrasybulus expelled from Syracuse. Democracy established there, b. III.
ch. 9. § 7.
* The ἄγος Ταινάριον.(2026)
4. Earthquake at Sparta; revolt of the Messenian helots.
* Lygdamis, son of Pisindelis, uncle of Artemisia, tyrant of
Halicarnassus, kills Panyasis. Herodotus leaves his native town.
Onatas, the head of the Æginetan school of sculpture, flourishes.
464. 79. _Xenophon of Corinth._ Diagoras of Rhodes in the boxing match.
1. Battle of Ithome, and siege of the fortress, to which the Spartans
summon the allies.
The Argives destroy Mycenæ, and other adjacent places, b. I. ch. 8. § 7.
Re-establishment of the ancient government in the towns of Sicily, b. III.
ch. 9. § 7.
3. After the termination of the Thasian war (Thuc. I. 101. Plutarch Cimon.
14.) Cimon leads Athenian auxiliaries to Sparta; which however are soon
dismissed; on which Athens dissolves the alliance with Sparta, and forms
one with Argos.
4. The Geloans restore Camarina. (Diodorus.)
* Megara withdraws from the Peloponnesian alliance, and joins that of
Athens.
Pleistarchus dies about this time. Pleistoanax the Agid; Nicomedes his
προδικος.(2027)
460. 80. _Torymbas the Thessalian._ Arcesilaus of Cyrene in the chariot
race.
3. Sparta undertakes an expedition against Phocis in behalf of the Doric
Tetrapolis.
In the spring, war of Athens with the maritime powers of Peloponnesus.
Battles at Haliæ and Cecryphalea.
In Munychion. The Pythian games. Aristomenes of Ægina victorious.
Pindar’s eighth Pythian ode may be referred to this time.
The Æginetans are defeated by the Athenians, and Ægina besieged.
The Peloponnesians attempt to relieve the island, and encounter the
Athenians in the Megarid.
4. League of the Spartans on their return with Thebes.
Victory of the Spartans and Thebans over the Athenians and Argives at
Tanagra.
Four months’ truce between Sparta and Athens.
Expedition of Myronides (sixty days after the battle of Tanagra) and
victory at Coronea.
Ægina surrenders in the spring, after a siege of nine months.
The race of the princes of Cyrene becomes extinct after the 80th Olympiad,
b. III. ch. 9. § 13.
456. 81. _Polymnastus of Cyrene._
1. Expedition of Tolmides against the coasts of Peloponnesus.
2. Ithome surrenders; treaty between Sparta and the Arcadians; Messenians
at Naupactus.
Proceedings of Pericles in the Crisæan gulph.
* 3. Petalismus established at Syracuse, b. III. ch. 9. § 7.
552. 82. _Lycus the Thessalian._
Thirty years’ truce between Sparta and Argos (Thuc. V. 14.); five years’
truce with Athens.(2028)
4. The Lacedæmonians restore the independence of Delphi; the Athenians
again reduce it under the yoke of the Phocians.
448. 83. _Crison of Himera._
3. The Megarians throw off their dependence upon Athens, and defeat the
Athenians at Nisæa, b. III. ch. 9. § 10.(2029) Pleistonax invades Attica,
but retreats without any reason.
The elder Andocides and nine other ambassadors from Athens at Sparta.
Thirty years’ truce between Athens and Sparta in the winter of this year.
Colony of the allied Greeks at Thurii.
4. Pleistonax leaves Sparta. He is succeeded by his son Pausanias, still
an infant, and Cleomenes is appointed regent.
444. 84. _Crison_ for the second time.
* The younger Empedocles, grandson of the elder, and son of Meton,
presides over the state of Agrigentum, b. III. ch. 9. § 8.
Lygdamis, tyrant of Halicarnassus, overthrown by Herodotus and the
Samians, Suidas.
440. 85. _Crison_ for the third time.
436. 86. Theopompus the Thessalian.
1. Epidamnus applies to Corinth for assistance against its banished
citizens.
2. The Corinthians defeated by the Corcyræans.
2/3 and 3/4 Preparations of Corinth. Defensive league of Corcyra with
Athens.
4. Cleandridas exiled from Sparta, founds Heraclea with Tarentines, b.
III. ch. 10. § 11.
Second sea-fight between Corinth and Corcyra.
Defection of Potidæa from the alliance of Athens.
432. 87. _Sophron of Ambracia._ Dorieus, son of Diagoras, victorious in
the Pancration.
1. Ænesias Ephor Eponymus at Sparta, Sthenelaidas one of the others.
Lacedæmon with its confederates determines upon war with Athens.
In the beginning of the spring the Thebans attempt to surprise Platæa.
The Peloponnesians before Œnoë.
Brasidas Ephor. The Peloponnesians (in the middle of June) invade the
territory of Eleusis and the Thriasian plain.
INDEX.
When the Roman numeral is omitted the first volume is meant.
Abdera, 244
Abia, nurse of Glenus, 58
Acanthus of Lacedæmon, ii. 272
Achæans, 12.
retire to the coast of the Peloponnese and Attica, 71
Achæan Phratria at Sparta, 52
Achaia described, 80
Acosmia, ii. 136
Acrisius, 397
Acte, 90
Acyphas, 40. 43
Admetus, 224. 327
Adonis, 406
Æacidæ, 20
Ægidæ, 102. 362
Ægys, 104
Ægimius of Hesiod, 31. ii. 12
Ægina, constitution, ii. 150
money, ii. 222
character, ii. 412
Æginetan drachma, ii. 109
Ægoneia, 42
Æneas, 242.
founder of Rome, 243
Ænianes, 48. 278
Æolis, ii. 65
Æpytus, 110, 111
Æpytidæ, ib.
Æsculapius, 297. 328. 407
worship of, 114
Ætolians, 234.
connected with the Eleans, 68
Agæus, 90
Agrigentum, constitution of, ii. 168
ἀΐτης, 5. ii. 301
Alcæeus, 285
Alcestis, 414
Alcman, date of, ii. 328. ii. 380
Aletes, 94
ἀληθεία, 343
Aletiadæ, 96
Aleuadæ, 121
ἁλία, ii. 88
Almopia, 458. 469
Alpenus, 42
Alpheus, 74. 379
Althamenes, 98
Altis, 271
Amazons, 390
Ambracia, constitution of, ii. 158
Ambracian bay, 7
Ametor, ii. 381
Amnisus, 227
Amphanæa, 42
Amphicæa, 38
Amphictyonic league, 279
Amphilochus, 125
Amphipolus, 394. ii. 166
ἀμπίτταρες, ii. 35
Amyclæ, 101
Anactorium, 130
Anaphe, 116
Anaxilas, 164
Andania, religious ceremonies of, restored by Epaminondas, 111
Angites, 453
Antæus, 442
Anthes, 118
Antiphemus, 122
Antiphus, 419
Apaturia, festival of, 91
ἀπενιαυτισμὸς, 341
Aphamiotæ, ii. 51
Aphidnæ, 167. 431
Ἀπέλλων, 312
Aphrodite, 322. 405
Apollo, etymology of the name, 311
ἀγυιεὺς, 310. 363
ἀκήσιος, 307
ἀλεξίκακος, 307
ἀποτροπαῖος, 308
of Belvidere, 368
of Calamis, 366
of Canachus, ibid. ii. 383
of Citharœdus, 368
γενέτωρ, 302
δεκατηφόρος, 247
Delphinius, 227. 245
ἐλελεὺς, 309
ἐπικούριος, 307
ἐρέσιος, 248
Erythibius, 238. 299
Gryneus, 247
ἰατρὸς, 308
Καρνεῖος, 360
Κισσεὺς, 361
καταιβάσιος, 307
λεσχηνόριος, 263
λεπιτύμνιος, 248
λοίμιος, 308
of the Lycæum, 368
Lycius, 240. 313
Malloeis, 248
ναπαῖος, ibid.
νεομήνιος, 299
Nomius, 295
of Onatas, 366
πασπάριος, 240
πατρῷος, 257. 263
Philesius, 245
προστάτης, 308
προστατήριος, ibid.
Pythaëus, 93. 267
Σμίνθειος, 240. 298
Thyrxeus, 238
Apollonia, 131. in Crete, 227. 283
constitution of, ii. 160
Apophthegms, ii. 386
Arcadia, 75
Arcadians, 197
Architecture, Doric, style of, ii. 269
Areopagus, 340
Ares, 406
Arethusa, 380
Argos, colonies, 112
constitution, ii. 145
courts of justice, ii. 229
history, 169. 172. 175. 190. 197
kings, ii. 111
slaves, ii. 54
tribes, ii. 76
character, ii. 407
dialect, ii. 435, 436
Ἀργεῖοι, a name of the Helots, ii. 43
Argolis described, 78
Argura, 26
Arion, ii. 372. ii. 375
Ariphron, ii. 378
Aristæus, 295
Aristeas, 290
Aristocrates, 165
Aristodemus, 99. ii. 443
Aristomachus, 65
Aristomenes, 157. 165. 168
Artemis, 374
Ætolian, 374
Arcadian, 376
Attic, 383
Doric, 372
Ephesian, 389
Leucophrynè, 392
Orthia, 383
ποταμία, 380
Pergæan, 393
of Sipylus, 392
Asine, 46
Asopus, 89
Aspendus, 124
Astæus, 133
Asteria, 321
Astypalæa, 116. ii. 177
Athamanes, 7
Athenè ὀπτιλέτις, 397
ὀξυδέρκης, ibid.
ἀκρία, ibid.
Atintanes, 457
Atrax, 26. 29
Attica, 256
Axius, 451
Azorum, 23. 25. 30
Babyca, ii. 90
Bacchiadæ, ii. 138. ii. 451
Βαλλὴν, 10
Barnus, 453
Baths of Lacedæmon, ii. 283
Bermius, 453.
Bessi, 10
Bibasis, ii. 345
Bidiæi, ii. 131. ii. 228
Bisaltia, 454
Black broth of Sparta, ii. 285
Blæsus, ii. 369
Bœotia, 262
Bœum, 39. 44
Bottiais, 455
Βοῦαι, ii. 310
Branchidæ. 246
Brasidas, 218. ii. 406
Brass, pound of, unit of the Italian money system, ii. 224
Bryallicha, ii. 346
Brygians, 8. 481
Buagi, ii. 131
Bucolic poetry, ii. 350
Busiris, 442
Bulis, 49
Byzantium, 133. 250
slaves, ii. 62
constitution, ii. 174
character, ii. 411
dialect, ii. 437
Cadmus, 255
of Cos, 187
Cænidæ, 97
Callicratidas, ii. 405
Callisto, 377
Calydna, 114. 116
Camarina, 129
κάναθρα, ii. 292
Carmanor, 228. 234. 350
Carnean games, list of conquerors at, 144
Carnus, 66
Carpathus, 116. 120
Carphæa, 44
Caryatides, ii. 348
Carystus, 47
Casmene, 129
καστόριον, ii. 341
Casus, 120
Ceadas, 157
Celts, 2
Centaurs, 417
Cephalus, 251
Cephisus, 38
Cercopes, 422. 447
Ceronia, 139
Ceyx, 59. 416
Chalcedon, 133. 250
Chalcidians, 278
Chalcis in Ætolia, 130
Chaonians, 6
Charadra, 39
Charinus, ii. 361
Charites, 407
Charondas, laws of, ii. 230. 234. 241
Χιτὼν, ii. 274. ii. 277
Χλαῖνα, ii. 277
Chlamys, 478
Chones, 6
Choral poetry, ii. 374
Χωρίτης, ii. 22
Chorus, ii. 262. 334
Chronology and history, early materials for, 142
Chryse, 386
Chrysothemis, 228. 350. 355. ii. 379
Cimon, treaty of, 205
Cinadon, ii. 232
Cinæthon, 156
Cirrha, 272. 276
Claros, 246
κλεινὸς, ii. 302
Cleisthenes of Sicyon, 178
Cleobulus, ii. 378
Cleodæus, 65
Cleonæ, 79. 90
Cleosthenes, 153. ii. 445
κλῆρος, ii. 32
Clytiadæ, 272
Cnacion, ii. 90
Cnidos, 137
constitution of, ii. 177
Cnosus, 493. ii. 137
Comedy, ii. 354
introduction of at Athens, ii. 355
Sicilian, ii. 356
Community of property in Sparta, ii. 197
of husbands, ii. 201
Congress of the Greeks, 203
Conquest of the Peloponnese, 85
Contoporia, 79
Corcyra, 130
Corcyra, Black, 138
Corybas, 229
Corinth, history, 94, 95. 181
colonies, 127
slaves, ii. 58
kings, ii. 112
courtesans, ii. 300
character, ii. 408
prytanes, ii. 138
constitution, ii. 150. ii. 155
Cos, 114. 120
Cosmus, ii. 2
Craugallidæ, 47. 276
Cresphontes, 70
Crestonica, 454
Crete, character, ii. 406
Cosmi, ii. 134
Doric migration to, 34
later migrations, 36
education, ii. 311
gerusia, ii. 98
laws, ii. 237
music, ii. 333
princes, ii. 113
public assembly, ii. 92
slaves, ii. 50
dialect, ii. 436
Crissa, or Cirrha, 230. 281
Crissæans, 47
Crœsus, 347
Crotona, 140. 281. 286. 439
constitution, ii. 184
character, ii. 413
Cryassa, 116
Cultivation, proofs of in the Peloponnese, 81
carried on by the conquered races, 83
Curetes, 229
Curium, 124
Cyclopian hall, 87
Cycnus, 225. 414
Cynosura, ii. 48
Cynuria, 171. 174. 190
Cyphus, 28. 31
Cypselus, 97. 181
Cyrene, 136. 283
constitution, ii. 178
ephors, ii. 114
tribes, 62
character, 412
dialect, 438
Cytinium, 40. 44
Damastes, 291
Δαμοσία, ii. 251
Daphne, 302
Daphnephorus, 223
Decelea, 431
Deianira, 68. 416
Δεικηλίκται, ii. 348
Deimalea, ii. 348
Deipnias, 224
Deiphontes, 90. 119
Delians, 207
Delos, 229. 287. 320. 343
Delphi, temple of, 225. 231
constitution, ii. 274. 372. 188
kings, ii. 114. ii. 138
laws, ii. 237
character, ii. 414
dialect, ii. 439
Delphine, 324
Delphinia, 262
Demeter, 398
Cabirian worship of at Andania, 111
Syracusan, 401
Triopian, 115
Χθονία, 402
worship of, ii. 339
Demiurgi, ii. 144
Democracy, ii. 9
Δῆμος, ii. 8
Dercylidas, ii. 405
Deucalion, 20
Deuriopus, 459
Dexamenus, 417
Diagoridæ, 119
Dionysus, 403
Dioscuri, tombs of, 103. 408
Dipæa, battle of, 207
Dipodia, ii. 345
Dirges, 354
Dithyramb, 405
Dium, 24
Doberus, 460
Dodona, 6. 28
δόκανα, 408
Doliche, 23. 25
Dorians, migration of to different parts of the north of Greece, 36
to the Peloponnese, 58
to Crete, 34. 493
probable number at the invasion, 84
jocularity of, ii. 370
Doric constitution, ii. 11
epic poets, ii. 378
dialect, 417
Doridas, 96
Dorieus, 141. ii. 151
Doris, or Doric Tetrapolis, 38. 43
Dorium, 43
Dorus, 43. 490
Dowry of Spartan women, ii. 204
Drymea, 38
Dryope, 44
Dryopians, 45. 93
Dymanes, ii. 76
Ἑβδομαὶ, 338
Echemus, 63
Edessa, 479
Edonians, 465
Εἴλως, derivation of, ii. 30
Eilythyia, 262
Eion, 46
εἰσπνήλας, ii. 300
ἔκκλητοι, 201
Eleusinia, 402
Eleutherolacones, ii. 19
Elis, hollow, 80. 202
periœci of, ii. 57. ii. 74
gerusia of, ii. 99
Ἐλωὸς, 319
Elymea, 457
Elyrus, 228
Emathia, 473. 479
Ἐμβατήριον, ii. 342
Empelori, ii. 131
ἔμφρουρος, ii. 243
Encheleans, 7. 37
ἐνιαυτὸς, 329. 341. 429
ἐνναετηρὶς, 261. 337. 429. ii. 103
Enomoty, ii. 245
Ἠοῖαι of Hesiod, 58. 491
Eordians, 459. 468. 482
ἐπευνακταὶ, ii. 44
Ephetæ, 340
Ephors, ii. 114
Ephyra, when changed to Corinth, 96
in Thesprotia, 96. 121. 317. 419
Epicharmus, ii. 356. ii. 358. 360-363
Epidamnus, 131. ii. 217
constitution of, ii. 159
Epidaurus, 79. 91
constitution of, ii. 149
kings of, ii. 113
slaves of, ii. 57
Epidemiurgi of Corinth, ii. 144
Epigenes of Sicyon, ii. 371
Epimenides, 355. ii. 394
Epirus, 6. 477.
Epitadeus, law of, ii. 202
Equals, ὅμοιοι, ii. 84
Eratidæ, 113
Erigon, 451
Erineus, 40. 43
Eros, 407
ἐρυκτὴρ, ii. 35. 43
Erysichthon, 400
Erytheia, 420
ἑστιοπάμων, ii. 199
Euæchme, 58
Eumelus, 129. 156
Eurotas, 76. 81
plain of, 76
Euryanax, ii. 461
Eurysthenes and Procles, 100. 107. 144
Eurystheus, 59
tomb of, 61
Eurytus, 411.
Expiations, 332. 342
Families, preservation of, in Sparta, ii. 198
Fate, 330. 345
Flute, 351
Gagæ, 122
Gargettus, 60
Gela, 122. ii. 168
Geography of the Peloponnese, 73
Geomori of Samos, ii. 7
Γέρανος, 358
Gergis, 242
Gerusia in Doric states, ii. 93. ii. 156. ii. 228
Geryoneus, 420
Glaucus, 111
Goat, a symbol of Alollo, 325
Gomphi, 27
Gonnocondylum, 22
Gonnus, 22, 23
Gortyna, 136. 227
Government, ancient notion of, ii. 1
Gryneum, 280
Gylippus, 218
Gymnastic exercises, ii. 313
Gymnesii, 191. ii. 54
Hair, Spartan mode of wearing the, ii. 281
Haliacmon, 452
Halicarnassus, 115
by whom colonized, 115. 118
Harma, 259
Harmosyni, ii. 131
Hecatæus of Abdera, 293
Hecatus, 268
Heiresses, Athenian and Spartan laws respecting, ii. 205
Helice, 71
Hellen, 20. 490
Hellenes, 11. 20. 471
Helos, 100
Helots, ii. 29
dress of, ii. 37
indecent dances of, ii. 39
military service of, ii. 34
number of, ii. 44
rent of, ii. 31
treatment of, ii. 43
Hephæstus, 406
Heraclea on the Pontus, 49. 140
constitution, ii. 116
public offices, ii. 120
slaves, ii. 62
Heraclea Sciritis, constitution, ii. 183
ephors, ii. 115
dialect, ii. 438
Heraclidæ, whether Dorians or not, 54
defeated at Tegea, 63
their final expedition, 65. ii. 443
Hercules, account of in Homer, 51
ἀλεξίκακος, 445
costume, 434
ἱποκτόνος, 445
κορνοπίων, ibid.
labours, 433
fabulous right to the Peloponnese, 51. 275. 410
purification of, 436
Sandon, 440
servitude of, 414. 429
subdues the Dryopians, 46
Here, 395
Hermes, 307. 311
Hermione, 46. 193
dialect, ii. 437
Herodotus, ii. 385
Heroic age, constitution of, ii. 6
Hexapolis, Doric, 115
Hieromnamon, ii. 173
Hierapytna, 398
ἱλαροτραγῳδία, ii. 368
ἱμάτιον, ii. 274
Himera, 129
Hippodamus of Miletus, ii. 266
Hippotes, 66. 94
Historians, Doric, ii. 385
Homer, dialect of, ii. 378
ὁμόκαποι, ii. 199
ὁμοσίπυοι, ibid.
Horæo-castro, 22
Horus, 300
Hyacinthus, worship of, 139. 360
Hyamia, 163
Hybla, 135
Hydra of Lerna, 434
Hylas, 361. 441
Hylleans, 13. 53. ii. 76
Hyllus, 53. 59
at Thebes, 62
slain by Echemus, 63. 413
Hyperboreans, 230. 262. 271. 284. 298. 323. 329. 337. 373
Hyporchema, 357. ii. 337
Iambists, choruses of, ii. 339
Iamidæ, 128. 272. 380
Iasians, 118
Ichnæ, 455
Ἴλη, ii. 310
Illyrian Athamanes, 48
Illyrians, 471
Inachus, 79
Inalienability of land, ii. 208
Inferiors, ὑπομείονες, ii. 84
Iolaus, 57
Ion, 258. 264
of Euripides, 265
Ione, 124
Ionians, 256
degeneracy of, ii. 5
Iphigenia, 383
Iphitus, 153. 155. 270. 413
quoit of, 143
Ἴρην, ii. 309
Ismenium, 254
Isthmius, 111
Ithome, siege of, 209
καυσία, 4. 479
κατωνάκη, ii. 38
κηληδόνες, 350. 365
κιθάρα, 349
Κοίλη Λακεδαίμων, explained, 76. 104
κονίποδες, ii. 57
κορυθάλεια, 343
κορυνηφόροι, ii. 54
κρεμβαλιαστὺς, 358
κρυπτεία, ii. 240
κυθηροδίκης, ii. 27
Κυλλύριοι, ii. 61. 161
κυνέη, 478
Lacius, 125
Lacmon, 452
Laconia, 75
divided into six provinces, 106
domestic economy, ii. 213
money, ii. 214
dialect, ii. 434
Laomedon, 241
Lapathus, 24. 139
Lapithæ, 29
Larissa, 22. 25
Phriconis, 42
Lasus, ii. 378
Latin language, 17
Laurel, 343
Λεχέρνα, 396
Leogoras, 275
Lepreum, 202
Lesche, ii. 396
Letters, considered as Phœnician symbols, 143
Leucadia, constitution, ii. 159
Leucatas, 251
Lichas, ii. 406
Lilæa, 39. 44
Limnæ, ii. 48
Linus, 353. 427
Lipara, 137
Lochus, ii. 246
Locri, 140. ii. 238
Logographi, 56
Λόμβαι, 382
Long walls, 215
Leucæ, 247
Lycia, 236
Lycorea, 49. 233
Lyctus,227
Lycurgus, 146. 152. 270. ii. 12
Lydia, kings of, 441
Lydias or Ludias, 451
Lyncestis, 458
Lyre, ii. 377
Lysander, ii. 219. 404
Macaria, 60
valley of, 78
Macedon, 172
Macedonians, 2
their dialect, 3. 485
not Dorians, 37
but Illyrians, 479
their customs, 482
religion, 483
Macedonis, 455
Maceta, 474
Magnesians, 276
Malians, 47
Mallus, 124. 126
Mantinea, battle of, ii. 244
Manufactures of Lacoma, ii. 25
Marsyas, 351
Medea, 396
Megara, 97
one of five hamlets, 99
colonies, 132
comedy, ii. 354
comic poets, ibid
constitution, ii. 171
history, 186. 194. 212. 249
kings, ii. 113
dialect, ii. 437
Melampodidæ, 272
Melcart, 443
Melia, 79
Melos, 136
constitution of, ii. 178
Mesambria, 134
Mesoa, ii. 48
Messenia divided into six provinces, 106
history, 108
kings, ii. 113
character, ii. 413
dialect, ii. 435
Messenian wars, 156
third war, 208
Messenians, 209
Metapontum, 281. 286
Meteora, 26
Miletus, 244
Military games, ii. 313
at Crete, ii. 320
Minos, 35
Minyans, 12
Μνοία, ii. 51
Molycreium, 127
Mora, ii. 248
Mopsium, 25
Mopsuestia, 124. 126
Mopsuerene, 124. 126
Mopsus, 125
μοθάκες, ii. 43
Music, Doric, ii. 323
Musical contests, ii. 338
Mycenæ, 79
Myceneans, 192
Mygdonia, 454
Mygdonians, 8
Mylasa, 116
Myndus, ibid
Myron, 154. 178
Myscellus, 140
Myson, ii. 26
Narcissus, 353
Naupactia, 156
Naupactus, 65
Nemea, 79. 433
lion, ibid
νεοδαμώδεις, ii. 43
νεολαία, ii. 307
Nisyrus, 120
Nome, ii. 337
Nomophylaces, ii. 131
Nomus, 355
Νόμος, _numus_, ii. 224
Noricum, 117. 138
Oba, ii. 78. 249
Œchalia, 28
taking of, 411
situation, 412
Œnöe, 258
Œnophyta, battle of, 211
Œta, mount, 41
Œtæans, 48
Olen, ii. 379
Olympic games, list of victors at, 143. 270. 436. ii. 315
ὦπις, 373
Orestæ, 458
Orneatæ, 92. 176. ii. 55
ὅροι, 150
Orsippus of Megara, ii. 272
Oxylus, 68. 71
Pæan, the god, 308
the song, 309. 325. 370
Pæonia, 459
Pæonians, 471, 472
Pagasæ, 224
παιδεραστία, ii. 300
of Crete, ii. 302
of Sparta, ii. 300
παιδόνομος, ii. 310
Palm tree of Delos, 303. 322
Pamphyli, ii. 76
Pantaleon, 165
Panthus, 241
Parauæa, 457
Παρθενίαι, ii. 294
Paroria, 457
Patara, 237
Patronomi, ii. 132
Pausanias, 204. 489
Pedaritus, ii. 406
Pelagonia, 460
Pelagonian Tripolis, 25
Pelasgi, 6. 7. 15. 36. 220
Pelinna, 26, 27
Pella, 452. 455
Peloponnese, division of, 70
Peloponnesian league, 196
Peloria, festival of, 27
Perinthus, 135
Penestæ, ii. 65
Penthelidæ, 72
Perdiccas, 463
Periatider, 182. ii. 158. ii. 222. ii. 276
Periœci of Laconia, ii. 18
περφέρεες, 288
Persian war, 497
Petalism, ii. 163
πέτασος, 478
Petra, 24
Phaëthon, 301
Phæstus, 89. 227
Phalanna, 25
Phalanthus, 139
Phalces, 89
Phallophori, 404. ii. 352
Pharcedon, 26
Pharis, 104
Phaselis, 122
φειδίτια, ii. 288
Pheidon, 172. 464
Phidippus, 120. 419
Philammon, 356. ii. 377
Phlegyans, 234
Phlegyas, 234. 297
Phlius, 79. 89
constitution of, ii. 170
its satiric drama, ii. 373
character, ii. 410
Phocis, plain of, 38
Phœbus, 312
φοιβάζειν, ibid
Phormis, ii. 357
φούαξιρ, 384. ii. 326. 491
Phricium, 422
Phrygians, 8. 480
their language, 9
Phthiotis, 20. 490
Πίτανα, ii. 48
Plautus, ii. 362
πόλις, ii. 71
Polybœa, 361
Polycaon son of Butes, 58
Polycrates, 189
Polydorus, ii. 449
πόρπαξ, ii. 256
Poseidon, 258. 402
Potidæa, 132
Pratinas of Phlius, ii. 373
Praxilla, 405
Priestesses of Here at Argos, catalogue of, 144
πρόβουλοι, 206
Procles, 186
Procris, 251
προστάτης τοῦ δήμον, ii. 147
Prytanes of Lacedæmon, 145
of Athens, ii. 140
Psammetichus, 185
Purification, 264. 370
Pydna, 456
Pylæa, ii. 396
Pylos, Nelean, 104
Nestorian, 82. 435
Triphylian, 81
Pyrrhic dance, ii. 342
Pythagoras, league of, ii. 182. ii. 316. ii. 393
philosophy of, ii. 186
government of, ii. 184. 193
Pythiad, ii. 454
Pythian strain, 325
Pythians, ii. 15
Pythium, 24. 258
Registers, public, of Lacedæmon, 144
Rents of the Helots, ii. 31
Rhacius, 247
Rhadamanthus, 427
Rhegium, 164. 278
Rhetoric of Sparta, ii. 386
Rhetra, 148
of Agis, ii. 47
of Lycurgus, ii. 86
of Theopompus and Polydorus, ii. 87. 118
Rhianus, 158
Rhinthon, ii. 368
Rhipæan mountains, 291
Rhodes, colonies, 122
constitution, ii. 151
Prytanes of, ii. 139
character, ii. 408
dialect, ii. 437
Rhodia, 126
Rhoduntia, 42
Riddles, ii. 392
Sacadas of Argos, ii. 328. 338
Sacred road of Apollo, 223
Sacred slaves, 274. 392. 405
Sagalassus, 139
Salamis, 194
Sarpedon, 237
Sciras, ii. 369
Sciritæ, ii. 253
Sculpture, Doric, ii. 382
Scythians, 288
Selge, 138
Selinus, 136. 406
Selymbria, 134
Sibyls, ii. 346
Sicyon, constitution, ii. 169
history, 177
music, ii. 330
tribes, ii. 58
slaves, ii. 583
character, ii. 410
σιδεῦναι, ii. 309
σκυταλισμὸς, ii. 149
Slavery, kinds of, ii. 36
Socrates the poet, ii. 335
Soli, 122. 125
Solium, 130
Solygius, hill of, 95
Sopatrus, ii. 369
Sophron, mimes of, ii. 364-7
Soüs, 108. 147
Sovereignty, Doric, ii. 100
Sparta, once an inconsiderable town, 102
colonies, 136
courts of justice, ii. 228
education, ii. 307
ephors, ii. 114
gerusia, ii. 94. ii. 236
infantry, ii. 253
kings, ii.100
succession, ii. 105
king’s house, ii. 266
military system, ii. 242
marriage, ii. 292
public assembly, ii. 88
stealing, ii. 319
taxes, ii. 221
Spartans number of, ii. 203
character of, ii. 402
Spartan brevity of speech, ii. 387
σφαιρεῖς, ii. 309
Στεμματιαῖα, festival of, 66
Stenyclarus, battle of, 208
Stesichorus, ii. 375
Strymon, 453
Stymphæa, 457
Styra, 47
Subject classes, dress of, ii. 73
Syme, 137
Synedrion, during the Persian war, 498
Synnada, 117
Syracuse, 128. 380
character, ii. 409
constitution, ii. 161
slaves, ii. 61
date of foundation, ii. 447
Syssitia of Sparta, ii. 210. ii. 283
of Crete, ii. 211. ii. 286
Tænarum, 248
Taleclus, 101
Talthybiadæ, ii. 28
Tarentum, 139. 164. 439
constitution, ii. 181
princes, ii. 113
character, ii, 413
dialect, ii. 438
Tarrha, 228
Tarsus, 124
Tauria, 386
Taygetus, mount, 77
Tegea, 207. 269
Tegyra, 254
Teichius, 42
Telesilla, 381. ii. 377
Telliadæ, 272
Temenus, 88
Temenidæ, 463
Tempe, 21. 30. 222. 290
Tenea, 239
Tenedos, ibid
Tenure of land in Laconia, ii. 196
Terpander, ii. 376
Tetrapolis, why spared by the Spartans, 61. 430
Teucrians, 11
Teutamus, 35
Thaletas, 350. 359. ii. 14. ii. 328
Thapsus, 136
Theagenes, 92
Θεαροδοκία, 280
Thebes, 254
Themistocles, 206
Theoclus, 157
Theopompus, 162. ii. 448
Thera, 136
ephors, ii. 115
Therapne, 103
Θεράπων, ii. 35
Theseus, 229. 257. 262. 263
Thessalians, 4. ii. 64
Thirty tyrants of Athens, u. 98
Thoricus, 250
Thrace, 244
Thracians, 10. 470. 484
Tilphossa, 253
Timocracy, ii. 8
Timotheus, Spartan decree concerning, ii. 330
Tiresias, 255. 343
Tiryns, 192
Tisamenus, 69
Titacidæ, 431
Tityrus, ii. 351
Tityus, 254. 329
Tlepolemus, 119, 120
Tolmides, 212
Trachis, 42
Tragedy, 404. ii. 371
Treasury of Atreus, ii. 267
Triacon, 91
Tricca, 26
τριχάϊκες, 33, 34
τριόφθαλμος, oracle respecting, 68
Triopian promontory, 115
Triopium, 279
Tripod, robbery of by Hercules, 426
Tripolis and Tetrapolis, Doric, 43
Trœzen, 91. 118. 248
Trogilus, 136
τύρβη, 404
Tyndaridæ, 431
Typhaon, 320
Tyrtæus, 156. 160. 164. 166. ii. 15. 198
Vases, illustrating ancient comedies, ii. 359-361
Vejovis, 307
Ver sacrum, 276
War, how carried on by the Dorians in the conquest of the Peloponnese, 85
Wise men of Greece, ii. 39
Wolf, symbol of Apollo, 264. 314
Writing, art of, when introduced into Greece, 143
Xanthus, 237. 313
Xenelasia, ii. 4
Xenodamus, 359
Xerxes, 300
Xuthus, 258
Zaleucus, laws of, ii. 227. ii. 231. ii. 236. ii. 239
Zeus, of the Dorians, 318. 394
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
Vol. I.
P. 19. l. 18. In the explanation of Melia, the ash has been confounded
with the alder. It seems that the ash, which probably reached a greater
height than any other tree in Greece, is used in this genealogy, as in
Hesiod Theog. 187, for the force of vegetation generally.
P. 80. l. 11. It may be objected that the countries in which commerce and
manufactures have flourished most, have not possessed mines of the
precious metals. This remark is true of modern Europe; but in Greece the
copper of Chalcis appears to be connected with the Chalcidean trade and
colonies, and the gold of Thasos with the maritime pursuits of the
Thasians and their large navy before the time of Cimon. The silver of
Laurion likewise contributed to the industry and foreign commerce of
Attica. The prosperity of the maritime cities of Asia Minor was at least
assisted by the gold mines in Lydia; as may be seen in the very ancient
golden staters (partly made of electron, which according to Soph. Ant.
1025 came from Sardis) of Phocæa, Lampsacus, Clazomenæ, &c.
P. 82. l. 2. It now appears to me that Leake, Morea, vol. III. ch. 30. is
right in considering the _Contoporia_ as a footpath over the hills, which
required the use of long sticks or poles. The road in the valley between
the rocks bore the name of _Tretos_.
P. 127. l. 25. _for_ all its colonies _read_ all its early colonies.
P. 209. notes, col. 2. l. 10. _for_ Platæon _read_ Platæan.
P. 212. notes, col. 2. l. 10. _for_ εἰρένης, _read_ εἰρήνης.
P. 252 note t add—The emendation of Dobree, Adv. vol. I. p. 599. of
ἐρασταὶ for ἱερεῖς is not needed, since it is proved that the leap from
the Leucadian rock was originally a religious rite.
P. 384. note c add—The identification of Artemis with the moon is earlier
than that of Apollo with the sun (B. II. ch. 5. § 5.) The former occurs
not only in Æschyl. Xant. fr. 158. ed. Dindorf, but is also manifest in
the worship of the Munychian and Brauronian Artemis. The name Αἰθοπία
designates her shining countenance or orb; and a cake surrounded with
lights, called for that reason ἀμφιφῶν or ἀμφιφῶς, was offered to the
goddess on the 16th of Munychion, because the moon was full on that day.
See Callim. fr. 417. ed. Bentl. Eratosth. ap. Steph. Byz. in Αἰθοπία,
Hesych. in Αἰθιοπαῖδα, Apollod. fr. p. 402. Heyne.
P. 390. note r add—I cannot approve of Lobeck’s emendation of Ἑρμῆς for
Ἡρακλῆς in Etymol. Mag. et Gud. in κηρυκεῖον (Aglaoph. vol. II. p. 1166);
since the mythical system there alluded to is very different from that of
the ordinary Greek mythology.
P. 475. note o. In the passage of Constantinus, read καὶ τὴν Ὀρέστειαν δὲ.
Ὀρέστεια is used by Appian, quoted in the following note.
Vol. II.
P. 5. notes col. 1. l. 8. after the parenthesis add: with Cimon (Plut.
Cim. 14.)
P. 8. note p _for_ Zeeob _read_ Zenob.
P. 131. l. 15. It does not appear that the Spartan nomophylaces were
guardians of _written_ laws. The Athenian and Olympian nomophylaces were
not obviously connected with the written legislation. By nomophylaces in
Greece were generally understood _guardians of manners_. See p. 240. note
s.
P. 132. l. 7. _for_ nomophylaces _read_ nomothetæ.
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FOOTNOTES
1 II. 11.
2 Herod. I. 65. Concerning the expression κόσμος, with regard to the
constitution of Sparta, see also Clearchus ap. Athen. XV. p. 681 C.
3 Pausan. III. 16. 5. See above, vol. I. p. 69, note g.
4 That is, of the Pythagorean philosophy. See below, ch. 9. § 16.
5 Thucyd. II. 11. cf. I. 70. 71. Athen. XIV. p. 624 C. &c.
6 Plat. Protag. p. 342 C. Xenoph. Rep. Lac. 14, 4. Plutarch. Inst.
Lac. p. 252. and particularly Isocrat. Busir. p. 225 A. The Spartans
were ἐνδημότατοι, according to Thucyd. I. 70. See below, ch. 11. §
7.
7 From Thucyd. I. 144. compared with Plutarch’s Life of Agis, it may
be seen that the ξενηλασία was only practised against tribes of
different usages, particularly Athenians and Ionians. See Valer.
Max. II. 6. ext. 1. Yet at the Gymnopædia (Plut. Ages. 29. cf.
Cimon. 10. Xenoph. Mem. Socrat. I. 2. 61.) and other festivals,
Sparta was full of foreigners, Cragius de Rep. Lac. III. p. 213.
Poets, such as Thaletas, Terpander, Nymphæus of Cydonia, Theognis
(who celebrates his hospitable reception in the ἀγλαὸν ἄστυ, v.
785.); philosophers, such as Pherecydes and Anaximander and
Anacharsis the Scythian, were willingly admitted; other classes of
persons were excluded. Thus there were regulations concerning
persons, and the time of admitting foreigners: and hence the earlier
writers, such as Thucydides, Xenophon, and Aristotle, always speak
of ξενηλασίαι in the plural number. (Compare Plut. Inst. Lac. 20.)
See also Plut. Lyc. 27. who refers to Thuc. II. 24. Aristoph. Av.
1013. and the Scholiast (from Theopompus), and Schol. Pac. 622.
Suid. in διειρωνόξενοι and ξενηλατεῖν, who, as usual, has copied
from the Scholiast to Aristophanes, that the Xenelasia was
introduced ποτὲ ΣΠΟΔΙΑΣ γενομένης, for which we should clearly write
ΣΙΤΟΔΕΙΑΣ. Theophil. Instit. I. tit. 2. Comp. de la Nauze Mem. de
l’Acad. des Inscript. tom. XII. p. 159. It may be added that the
numerous ξενίαι and προξενίαι, the hospitable connexions of states
and individuals, served to alleviate the harshness of the
institution. Thus the Lacedæmonians were connected with the
Pisistratidæ (vol. I. p. 188, note c), and with the family of
Callias (Xen. Symp. 8. 39); Endius with Clinias, the father of
Alcibiades (Thuc. VIII. 6); king Archidamus with Pericles (ib. II.
13); Xenias the Elean with king Agis, the son of Archidamus, and the
state of Sparta. (Paus. III. 8. 2.) See B. III. ch. 6. § 7, and vol.
I. p. 209, n. z. The exchange of names, occasioned by προξενίαι,
might be made the subject of a distinct investigation. See the note
last cited, and Paus. III. 6. 41. Moreover the Spartans sometimes
gave freedom from custom duties, and the privilege of occupying a
seat of honour at the games at Sparta, to strangers, even of
Athenian race; for example, to the Deceleans, according to Herod.
IX. 73.
8 p. 100. ed. Frank.
9 See Naeke’s Chœrilus, p. 74.
10 Archiloch. p. 226. Liebel. Lycoph. 1385. and Tzetzes, Etym. in
ἀσελγαίνειν and Ἐλεγηΐς. Concerning the effeminacy of the Codridæ,
see Heraclid. Pont. I.
11 ἄριστοι, ἀριστεῖς, ἄνακτες, βασιλεῖς, ἐπικρατέοντες, κοιρανέοντες.
12 On the Gerontes, see below, ch. 6. § 1-4.
13 We should particularly observe the assembly in the second book of
the Odyssey, in which, however, Mentor (v. 239.) wishes to bring
about a declaration of the people not strictly constitutional. But
that the Homeric Ἀγορὰ independently exercised the rights of
government, I cannot allow to Platner, _De Notione Juris apud
Homerum_, p. 108. and Tittmann _Griechischen Staatsverfassungen_, p.
63. It was a species of Wittenagemote, in which none but the thanes
had the right of voting, as among the Saxons in England. The people
composed a _concio_, but no _comitia_. My opinion more nearly
coincides with that of Wachsmuth, _Jus Gentium apud Græcos_, p. 18,
sq.
_ 14 Æginetica_, p. 133.
15 Χρήματα χρήματ᾽ ἀνὴρ, Pindar. Isth. II. 11. See Dissen Explic. p.
493. Alcæus ap. Schol. et Zeeob. Prov.
16 V. 190.
17 Ap. Aristot. Pol. IV. 8. 7, 10.
18 See Hüllmann, _Staatsrecht_, p. 103.
19 Plutarch. Qu. Gr. 32. The emendation Πλοῦτις is confirmed by the
comparison of Athenæus XII. p. 524 A.B.
20 See book I. ch. 8.
21 See Aristot. Pol. V. 10. 4. Panætius of Leontini was a demagogue in
a previously oligarchical state, of which the constitution was
similar to that of the Hippobotæ. See Polyænus V. 47.
22 Herod. VI. 43.—Pindar (Pyth. II. 87.) supposes three constitutions,
Tyranny, Dominion of the unrestrained Multitude, and Government of
the Wise.
23 Aristot. Pol. V. 4.
24 Aristot. Pol. V. 2. 9. V. 3. 6. with Schneider’s notes.
25 VI. 46.
26 Plut. Comp. Lycurg. 4. According to Livy XXXVIII. 34. 700 years up
to 190 B.C. Cicero pro Flacco 26. also reckons 700 years, but to a
different period.
27 Isocrat. Panath. p. 285 C.
28 Thus Schiller severely censures this lawgiver, for having so
selfishly for ever destined his people to that course, which
appeared to his own narrow and prejudiced mind to be the best.
29 Θεοδμάτῳ σὺν ἐλευθερίᾳ Ὕλλίδος στάθμας Ἱέρων ἐν νόμοις ἔκτισσ᾽;
ἐθέλοντι δὲ Παμφύλου καὶ μὰν Ἡρακλειδᾶν ἔκγονοι ὄχθαις ὕπο Ταυγέτου
ναίοντες αἰεὶ μένειν τεθμοῖσιν ἐν Αἰγιμίου Δωρίοις. Pyth. I. 61. see
Boeckh’s Explic.
30 Plutarch. Comp. Timol. 2. Dion. 53. Λακωνικὸν σχῆμα—κοσμεῖν. He was
himself a citizen of Sparta, Plut. Dion. 17. 49.
31 Yet Herodotus cannot have been acquainted with his work, since he
considered himself as the first writer on the subject, Herod. VI.
55.
32 Strabo VIII. p. 366. On the other hand, Ephorus is probably alluded
to by Heraclides Ponticus 2. when he says τὴν Λακεδαιμονίων
πολίτειαν ΤΙΝΕΣ Λυκούργῳ προσάπτουσι πᾶσαν.
33 I. 65. Aristotle Pol. V. 10. 3. also calls the kings of Sparta
before Lycurgus _tyrants_. On the other hand, Strabo VIII. p. 365.
states, that “the conquerors of Laconia were _from the beginning_ a
nation subject to legal and moral restraints; but when they had
intrusted the regulation of their government to Lycurgus, they so
far excelled all others, that alone among the Greeks they ruled by
land and sea.” That this is the meaning of the passage, is proved by
the word καὶ in the clause καὶ κατ᾽ ἀρχὰς μὲν ἐσωφρόνουν. Isocrates
de Pace, p. 178 C. also contradicts indirectly the supposed anarchy
of the Spartans. But in Panath. p. 270 A. he follows Thucydides I.
18. στασιάσαι φασὶν αὐτοὺς οἱ τὰ ἐκείνων ἀκριβοῦντες ὡς οὐδένας
ἄλλους τῶν Ἑλλήνων.
34 B. I. ch. 7 § 3, 5.
35 Herod. I. 65 Ephorus ap. Strab. VIII. p. 366. Plut. Lycurg. 31.
Nicol. Damasc. p. 449.
36 B. I. ch. 1. § 9. Comp. b. II. ch. 2. § 2.
37 According to Aristot. Pol. II. 7. 1. The meaning of this writer
appears to be, that the Dorians had received these laws from the
early inhabitants, as the Periœci had retained them most truly; but
from the account given in the text, we must reject that idea.
38 Plat. Leg. III. p. 685.
39 This statement appears more correct than of Gortyna or Cnosus. Comp.
Meursius, Creta, IV. 12.
40 See Aristot. Pol. II. 8. 5. Ælian. V. H. XII. 50. Diog. Laërt. I.
38. Plut. Lyc. 3. Philos. cum princ. 4. p. 88. Pausan. I. 14. 3.
Philod. de Mus. Col. 18, 19. Boeth. de Mus. I. 1. p. 174. Sext.
Empir. adv. Math. p. 68 B. Suid. vol. II. p. 163. Compare b. II. ch.
8. § 11.
41 Xenoph. Rep. Laced. 8. 5. According to whom Lycurgus asked the god,
εἰ λῷον καὶ ἄμεινον εἴη τῇ Σπάρτῃ—doubtless a regular formula. This
coincides with the dictum of the Pythian priestess in Plut. Quæst.
Rom. 28. p. 329.
42 See below, ch. 5. § 8.
43 B. II. ch. 7. § 4. Later historians, from a mistaken explanation,
suppose that the whole correspondence was a delusion, or a fraud of
Lycurgus, Polyæn. I. 16. 1. Justin. III. 3.
44 Called in the Lacedæmonian dialect Ποίθιοι, Photius in v.
45 That this could not always be said of the θεοπρόποι, may be seen
from Theognis, v. 783.
46 This, I infer, nearly agreeing with Cragius, from Cicero de Div. I.
13. Conf. Herod. VI. 57. Xenoph. Rep. Lac. 15.
47 See particularly Timæus Lex. Plat. in v. ἐξηγηταὶ Πυθόχρηστοι.
48 See Æginetica, p. 135. Compare Dissen Expl. Pind. Nem. III. p. 376.
In the Thearion at Trœzen there were expiatory sacrifices, book II.
ch. 2. § 8. In Thasos they were called Θεῦροι, Inscript. ap.
Choiseul. Gouff. Voyage pittoresque, I. 2. p. 156. Here also they
were in connexion with the temple of the Pythian Apollo.
49 See Thuc. I. 84. Plat. Alcib. I. c. 38.
50 VII. 2. 5. Engel _de Rep. mil. Spart._, a Göttingen prize Essay for
1790., where Cossacks, Spartans, and Cretans are classed together.
Compare Heyne _de Spartan. Rep._ Comment. Götting. tom. IX. p. 8. It
appears, indeed, from Aristotle Pol. VII. 14 (13) to have been the
opinion of the writers who treated of the constitution of Sparta
during the predominance of that state, that “the Lacedæmonians owed
their external dominion to their constitution, according to which
they had been trained to dangers and exertions from their youth (ὅτι
διὰ τὸ γεγυμνάσθαι πρὸς τοῦς κινδύνους πολλῶν ἦρχον.)” But the
_intended_ effect of these institutions cannot be safely inferred
from their _actual_ consequences.
51 IV. 126.
52 Pausan. IV. 3. 3. συγχωροῦσιν ἈΝΑΔΑΣΑΣΘΑΙ πρὸς τοὺς Δωριέας τὴν γῆν.
Pausanias, however, very frequently makes use of this expression,
and often perhaps without any historical ground.
53 Why I take no further notice of the account of Ephorus is explained
in book I. ch 5. § 13.
54 Pausan. III. 22. 7.
55 Polyb. XX. 12. 2. with Schweighæuser’s note, Liv. XXXIV. 29.
XXXVIII. 30.
56 αὐτόνομοι, Pausan. III. 21. 6.
57 III. 21. 6. cf. 26. 6. The other six were at the time of Pausanias
either again comprised in Messenia, as Pharæ, which Augustus had
annexed to Laconia, Paus. IV. 30. 2. after it had at an earlier
period been separated with Thuria and Abea from Messenia, Polyb.
XXV, 1. 1, or they had fallen to decay, and were then uninhabited,
as Pephnos, Helos, Cyphanta, and Leucæ. Whether Abea was included by
Augustus in Laconia is doubtful, but it is probable from the
situation of the place. This, with the other five mentioned above,
would therefore make the number twenty-four complete. As proofs of
the late independence of these towns we may mention decrees of Abea,
Geronthræ, Gytheium, Œtylus, and Tænarus (Boeckh Corp. Inscript.
Nos. 1307, 1334, 1325, 1336, 1391, 1392, 1323, 1321, 1322, 1393,
1394). There are also inscriptions of the Eleutherolacones jointly,
τὸ κοινὸν τῶν Ἑλευθερολακώνων (ib. 1389). Likewise, according to
Eckhel, there are genuine coins, belonging to this and the Roman
period, of Asine, Asopus, BϾ, Gytheium, and Las; those of Taletum
and Cythera are doubtful.
58 Pausan. III. 26. 5. Sparta must, however, have retained some outlet
to the sea. The Lacedæmonian coast is also called the territory of
the Periœci in Thucyd. III. 16.
59 Thucyd. I. 101. The Θουριᾶται of Thuria, near Calamæ. Welcker
(Alcmanis Fragment, p. 87.) proposes Αἰθαίῳ for Ληθαίῳ in Theognis
v. 1216. Bekker.
60 Androtion ap. Steph. Byz. in v.
61 See also in Αἰτωλία. They are also mentioned by Strabo, VIII. p.
362. (Eustath. ad Il. B. p. 293, 19. ad Dion. Perieg. 418). They had
not however any connexion with the Hecatombæa; for Argos had the
same festival.
62 See book I. ch. 7. § 16. Lysias ap. Harpocrat. also calls Anthana a
Lacedæmonian city. See _Æginetica_, p. 46, note q, p. 185. note v.
Siebelis ad Pausan. II. 38. 6.
63 Book I. ch. 5. § 10.
64 See Manso, Sparta, vol. I. p. 93. Tittmann, vol. I. p. 89. That even
the Lacedæmonian πλῆθος did not comprise the Periœci, is shown,
_e.g._, by Polybius IV. 34. 7, where it rejects the alliance of the
Ætolians, chiefly on account of the fear that they would
ἐξανδραποδίζεσθαι τοὺς Περιοίκους. The name Λακεδαιμόνιοι, which
signifies all, Periœci and Spartans, and frequently the former, as
the early inhabitants, in opposition to the latter, is no more a
proof of political equality than the appellation Θεσσαλοὶ of the
freedom of the Penestæ.
65 Χωρίτης, as the Lacedæmonians are often called, is probably
identical with περίοικος, Ælian. V. H. IX. 27. Compare χωριτίδες
Βάκχαι, in Hesychius. Οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς χώρας in Athen. XV. p. 674 A. from
Sosibius are opposed τοῖς ἐκ τῆς ἀγωγῆς παισὶν (those educated in
Sparta), and see Casaubon’s note. The education of the Periœci was
therefore entirely different from that of the Spartans.
66 Isocrates Panath. p. 271 A. speaking of the Lacedæmonians having
compelled the Periœci κατ᾽ ἄνδρα συμπαρατάττεσθαι σφίσιν αὐτοῖς,
confounds the Periœci with the Helots, as also in what follows.
67 In later times very different proportions occur, _e.g._, a very
small number of Spartans in the army, when the city stood in need of
its own citizens, and could not send them to a distance, or from
other causes.
68 Herod. VII. 234.
69 No _disobedience_ of the Periœci can be inferred from Thucyd. IV. 8.
_Some_ Periœci deserted to Epaminondas, Xenoph. Hell. VI. 5. 25. 23.
Xenophon expresses himself more strongly, Hellen. VII. 2. 2.
70 Xenoph. Hell. V. 3. 9.
71 Thuc. IV. 53. cf. VII. 57.
72 See Plin. H. N. IX. 36, 60. 21, 8. 36, 5. Comp. Meurs. Misc. Lac.
II. 19. Mitscherlisch ad Hor. Carm. II. 18. 7.
73 Plutarch, Lyc. 4. Ælian, V. H. VI. 6. Nicolaus Damascenus, and
others.