with a toothpick to the edges of the broken parts, and press them firmly
together, keeping the negative on a flat surface during the process, a
glass plate a little larger than the negative being the best thing to
use. When the balsam is thoroughly dry, flow the negative with varnish,
and as soon as it begins to set cover it with a piece of glass the size
of the negative. When dry, bind the edges together with strips as before
directed. If the negative is very badly broken, it should be enclosed
between two pieces of plain glass, putting on the second in the same
manner, after the first is dry. Bind the three together.
An excellent paste for binding negatives and lantern slides is made of
rice flour. Mix rice flour with water till it is smooth and free from
lumps. Set the dish containing it into another of hot water, and boil
till it becomes thick and semi-transparent, stirring it all the time.
When done it should be about the consistency of laundry starch made for
collars and cuffs. This paste is very strong--in fact, almost as durable
as cement. If a few drops of carbolic acid are added to it, it will keep
for some time. The bottle should be tightly corked when not in use.
If the film has not been broken it can be removed from the glass in the
same way that films are stripped, and transferred to another clean
plate.
For very valuable negatives it is a good plan to make a paper negative,
in case of accident to the glass one. A paper negative is made by taking
a good print of the negative and waxing it according to directions given
in No. 782 "answers to queries." Make a print from this waxed positive,
supporting the paper while in the printing frame by a sheet of plain
glass. Tone and fix this print, which will be a negative. Wax it, and if
you are so unfortunate as to break the original, you will still have the
paper copy, which can be used in its place.
For negatives that can be replaced it is not wise to spend the time in
repairing them if broken, but it sometimes happens that a valuable one
is broken which cannot be duplicated, and with careful handling it can
be made "as good as new."
SIR KNIGHT HARRY T. LUTHER, New York, asks what causes his
negatives to turn yellow, and if there is any remedy for it. The
reason why negatives turn yellow is usually because they have not
been washed long enough. They should be washed in running water an
hour. If running water is not convenient soak the plate for two
hours, changing the water several times. The yellow stains may
sometimes be removed by soaking the negative for a short time in a
solution of one ounce sulphite of soda and nine ounces water, to
which a few drops of sulphuric acid have been added. Sir Harry
also asks what toning solution to use with the plain paper
described in Nos. 796 and 803. The combined toning solution used
for aristo paper is the best solution for the plain paper. It
works quickly, and gives soft clear tones.
SIR KNIGHT WILLIAM KELSEY asks if a combined toning and fixing
solution can be prepared for aristo-type paper--how long negatives
and prints should be washed in running water--and what use is made
of hyposulphite of soda and alum in developing negatives. A
combined toning solution for aristo may be bought ready prepared,
or one can prepare it at home. A formula comes with each package
of paper, and half the quantity given is enough to prepare at one
time, unless one has a large number of prints to tone.
Hyposulphite of soda and alum are used for fixing the negative
after developing. The hypo can be used for fixing without the
addition of the alum. The alum hardens and clears the film, and is
good to use in warm weather to prevent the frilling of the film.
SIR KNIGHT GEORGE H. BENZON, JUN., Philadelphia, Pa., asks for the
best solution for fixing plates. A solution of 4 ounces water and
1 ounce of hyposulphite of soda is the formula used by the editor
of this column both in warm and cold weather. In warm weather the
tray containing the fixing solution is set in a pan containing
pieces of ice, which prevents the frilling or softening of the
film. A formula for a fixing solution with soda and alum is given
in No. 808, answer to Sir Knight Frederick Kopper.
SIR KNIGHTS D. G. STANBROUGH, A. SMITH, HARLOW BROWN, and LADY
FLORENCE CRANE all ask for a good formula for a toning solution,
but neither one says for what kind of paper. The formulas for
toning baths are very numerous, and different chemicals are used
for different sensitive papers. As aristo paper is at present a
very popular paper, we give the following standard, combining
toning and fixing bath for prints made on this paper: Water, 10
ounces; hyposulphite of soda, 2 ounces; sulphocyanide of ammonium,
1/8 ounce; acetate of lead, 30 grains; nitrate of lead, 30 grains;
chloride of gold (neutral), 1 grain.
This bath must be made up twenty-four hours before using, that it
may clear and settle. In preparing, add the ingredients in the
order named, dissolving each before adding another. Put the
prints, without washing, in this bath, one at a time, taking care
that no air bubbles form on the print, as they will leave spots on
the finished prints. The prints will turn at first a
yellowish-brown, then to a warm red, and finally to a rich brown.
Remove from the bath as soon as the desired tone is obtained. Wash
for one hour in running water. This bath keeps well, and by
multiplying each ingredient by four one can make four times the
quantity.
* * * * *
FEED THEM PROPERLY
and carefully; reduce the painfully large percentage of infant
mortality. Take no chances and make no experiments in this very
important matter. The Gail Borden Eagle Brand Condensed Milk has saved
thousands of little lives.--[_Adv._]
ADVERTISEMENTS.
Arnold
Constable & Co
* * * * *
Children's Wear
_A. C. & CO. will offer the balance_
_of their_
_CHILDREN'S IMPORTED_
_WOOL,_
_GINGHAM, LAWN,_
_AND BATISTE DRESSES_
At Greatly Reduced Prices
* * * * *
Broadway & 19th st.
NEW YORK.
[Illustration]
Trilby's Foot
was perfect (perhaps yours is), but even perfect feet get tired, and
nothing takes out the tired aches like Pond's Extract.
Avoid substitutes; accept genuine only, with, buff wrapper and yellow
label.
POND'S EXTRACT CO., 76 Fifth Ave., New York.
Postage Stamps, &c.
[Illustration]
100 all dif. Venezuela, Costa Rica, etc., only 10c.; 200 all dif. Hayti,
Hawaii, etc., only 50c. Ag'ts wanted at 50 per ct. com. List FREE!
=C. A. Stegmann=, 2722 Eads Av., St. Louis, Mo.
=50= var., all dif., 5c.; 12 var. Heligoland, 15c.; 6 var. Italy, 1858
to 1862, 5c.; 3 var. Hanover, 5c.; 35 var. C. American, 50c. Agents
wanted.
F. W. MILLER, 904 Olive St., St. Louis, Mo.
=100= all different, China, etc., 10c.; 5 Saxony, 10c.; 40 Spain, 40c.;
6 Tunis, 14c.; 10 U. S. Revenues, 10c. Agts. wtd., 50% com.; '95 list
free.
CRITTENDEN & BORGMAN CO., Detroit. Mich.
=100= varieties Chili, Japan, etc., 10 cts.; list free.
CARL YOUNG, 72 First Place, Brooklyn, N. Y.
=5= VAR. FREE to all sending for my approval sheets at 50% dis. =C. B.
ANTISDALE=, Palmyra, N. J.
[Illustration]
WONDER CABINET =FREE=. Missing Link Puzzle, Devil's Bottle, Pocket
Camera, Latest Wire Puzzle, Spook Photos, Book of Sleight of Hand, Total
Value 60c. Sent free with Immense catalogue of 1000 Bargains for 10c.
for postage.
INGERSOLL & BRO., 65 Cortlandt Street N. Y.
[Illustration: If afflicted with SORE EYES USE Dr. ISAAC THOMPSON'S EYE
WATER]
[Illustration]
HARPER'S PERIODICALS.
Per Year:
HARPER'S MAGAZINE _Postage Free_, $4.00
HARPER'S WEEKLY " 4.00
HARPER'S BAZAR " 4.00
HARPER'S ROUND TABLE " 2.00
* * * * *
_Booksellers and Postmasters usually receive subscriptions.
Subscriptions sent direct to the publishers should be accompanied by
Post-office Money Order or Draft._
* * * * *
HARPER & BROTHERS, Franklin Square, N. Y.
Round Table Chapters.
No. 720.--The Nathan Hale Chapter, of Philadelphia. Pa. Blair Baker,
Thomas Bleint, Howard B. Rote. Section E, No. 5, Girard College,
Philadelphia.
No. 721.--The Rugby Chapter, of New York city. Officers are N. J. Spiro,
W. W. Gleason, H. F. Small. Other members are R. Mantell, N. Marluff,
F. B. Engler, H. C. Moore, R. Heather, L. Peabody. Chapter address,
H. F. Small, 54 West 85th Street.
No. 722.--The King Arthur Chapter, of Urbana, Ill. Its color is white,
and its emblem white rose and clover. Marjorie Forbes and Ethel Ricker,
Urbana.
No. 723.--The Thespis Dramatic Chapter, of Chicago, Ill. Lola Lewis,
Laura Welch. Other members are Marie Rosenfield, Eleanor Lydon. Chapter
address, 4454 Oakenwald Avenue.
No. 724.--The John Burroughs Chapter, of Winsted, Conn. Elizabeth
Kennard, Ruth E. Whiting. Other members are Mabel Churchill, Grace A.
Smith, Grace and Mary Kennard. It is a natural history Chapter, and
devotes spare moments to the study of birds, trees, and flowers. Ruth E.
Whiting, Winsted.
No. 725.--The Lincoln Chapter, of Glasgow, Mont. Roy E. Hall, Wallace
Kelleson. John Sherry; Walter Fryburg, Glasgow.
No. 726.--The Margaret Sangster Chapter, of Germania, N. J. Augusta
Guenther, Christine and Julia Gaupp; Christine Gaupp, Germania.
No. 727.--The Frances H. Burnett Chapter, of Minneapolis, Minn. It is
organized for the encouragement of goodly fellowship and improvement. It
desires to communicate with Knights and Ladies of the Round Table living
in Minneapolis. Its officers are Fred H. Stevens, Lottie Kluge, Myrtle
Jones; Florence Kimball, 3600 Bloomington Avenue.
Lovers of Play Journalism.
Odd, isn't it, how everybody loves to see what he writes in print? The
oldest editor in America is not free from this vanity, or whatever one
may call it. So young persons who play at making small papers are in
good company. Besides, they are engaged in what affords them experience
they can get in no other way. Three excellent amateur papers reach the
Table: the _Amateur Collector_, R. T. Hale and F. W. Beale, editors and
publishers, 23 Federal Street, Newburyport, Mass.; _Our Young People_,
Robinson Bros. & Co., Box 255, Brunswick, Me.; and the _Little Magnet_,
Louis O. Brosie, editor, 3405 Butler Street, Pittsburg, Pa. All three
are splendid examples of the editor's and printer's "arts." Here are
some members who are interested in journalism, want sample copies, and
can contribute morsels: Waldemar Young, 174 C Street, Salt Lake City,
Utah; J. T. Delano, Jun., 12 White Street, Newport R. I.; James F.
Bowen, 36 St. James Avenue, Boston, Mass.; and Samuel T. Bush, 1104 East
15th Street, East Oakland, Cal.
R. C. Megrue asks what it costs to start and run a small paper. That
depends on how large it is, and whether you have a press of your own.
The cost is considerable per copy if you go to a regular
printing-office, because the edition is rarely above two or three
hundred copies. The charge in one case we know of was $7 per hundred.
Will not R. T. Hale kindly give us a morsel on the subject? Louis O.
Brosie and Clement F. or Arthur L. Robinson may give us morsels too.
Please tell the Table about the cost, size, and mention some of the
other difficulties. Never mind the fun of the thing. Pleasures take care
of themselves.
What a Copyright Is.
A copyright, dear sir Harry, is a legal right to a copy. Suppose you and
your friend Delano, four doors away, should publish a book that proved
as popular as--well, let us say _Trilby_, or _Ben-Hur_, or _Uncle Tom's
Cabin_ did. If you send out a few copies and put upon them no legal
proprietary mark, other persons seeing the demand could and would take
your work, make copies of it, sell them, pocket the money, and give you
nothing for what perhaps cost you a great deal of effort. If, however,
you observe the legal forms, and your book proves saleable, other
persons are prevented from making additional copies. Those who want
copies must buy them from you. The legal form is very simple. Before you
publish the book, paper, print, or whatever it is, you mail two copies
to the Librarian of Congress, Washington, with $1. He returns to you a
paper, duly signed, setting forth the fact that for a certain number of
years that article belongs to you. You state this fact on each copy
published, and then the profit is yours, and the law protects you in it.
Some South African Birds.
Following the example of other members of the Round Table, I
thought I would write and tell you about some of our birds.
My brothers and I have just been talking about the blue hawk. It
is not a particularly large bird, and is grayish-blue in color. It
is comparatively harmless, its chief prey being rats and mice. Its
nest looks like a pile of sticks roughly laid together, but at the
bottom of the nest it is very soft. This is the description my
little cousin gives of its eggs: "If you were to take a pure white
egg and rub it all over with blood, leaving a few white specks, it
would be just like a blue-hawk's egg." In shape it is round, and
the color is really a dirty red. The bird's call sounds very much
like that of a cross fretful baby.
Another peculiar bird here is the hammerhop. It is a large brown
bird, and has a crest upon its head which looks like a hammer,
hence the name. It preys upon the frogs. It makes a tremendous
nest in the shape of a hut on the top of a high rock. I am told
that it plasters the nest on the inside.
One of our prettiest birds is the gilded cuckoo or diedrich. The
color of its back is green, and looks as if a lot of bronze dust
had been sprinkled on it. Its breast is white spotted with brown.
Like other cuckoos, it lays its eggs in other birds' nests. The
color of the eggs is pure white. It has a very musical
call--"dee-dee-dee-diedrich."
The aasvogel is a species of vulture. It is of a dirty white
color, and has no feathers at all on its neck. Almost as soon as
an animal dies the sky is darkened by aasvogels flying to prey
upon the body. The leader or king perches upon it first, while his
followers sit round waiting until he is finished. He claims the
eyes as his portion, as a rule. As soon as he has satisfied his
hunger he flies away, leaving his followers to have their share.
The aasvogel builds his nest of sticks on the top of some
inaccessible krautz (precipice). The eggs are white, I believe,
spotted with brown. I would like to correspond with Ladies of the
Round Table in different parts of the world.
ISMA FINCHAM.
ROYDON, QUEENSTOWN, CAPE COLONY, SOUTH AFRICA.
Do Your Rabbits Ever Drink?
Mr. Chase says rabbits drink. I think there are two sides to that
question. I know a boy who has a dozen rabbits and not one ever
drinks. I have two and neither ever drink. Another friend had two
that he kept seven years. They drank milk, and, at rare times,
water. I believe that rabbits can be trained either way. What is
the experience of others?
VICTOR R. GAGE.
VINELAND.
A Florida Gopher.
A Florida gopher is very different from those we read about as
living out West. In shape and size he is nearly like a common
fresh-water turtle, with this difference; he lives on land. The
gopher has a very hard shell covering his entire body except the
head and feet. His front feet are nearly like a turtle's, with
four or five claws, but very hard. They must of necessity be hard,
for this animal burrows very deep in this hard, clay ground. His
hind feet are round, with a flat bottom, four to five claws on
each, evidently made for pushing when walking or burrowing. They
look like a miniature elephant's foot.
His head is also very much like a turtle's. When alarmed he draws
his head and feet into his shell and remains quiet. He is a very
peaceful animal. I have never known one to bite anybody nor
anything else. The gopher lives in the ground, burrowing a
molelike passage several hundred feet long. There is no use trying
to dig for one. It would take a week of the hardest kind of work
to reach the bottom of his tunnel.
He comes out every day about noon for his meals. He eats grass,
weeds, clover, etc., for his regular meals; but when he finds a
farm with pease, beans, and other vegetables, unless he is
discovered in time he will do a great deal of damage, for he eats
such things voraciously. In raising their young the female lays
from five to six eggs in the dirt she has thrown out when digging
her tunnel. She buries them, and in a few weeks hatches out a
great number of the cutest little things you ever saw. They do not
stay with their mother, but go immediately to forming a little
burrow for themselves, which is from five to six feet deep. They
can live a long time without any food whatever. Their flesh is
also eatable, tasting somewhat like chicken. May I write again?
HARRY R. WHITCOMB.
UMATILLA, FLA.
Certainly you may write again.
Blackberries Nearly the Year Round.
Down here we have a great variety of fruit. We have blackberries
nearly all the year round. They commence in March and last until
about the end of November. All are what we call wild in the
States. Indians peddle them in big baskets on their backs. They
are a great deal smaller than yours, and can only be eaten when
cooked. I would like to exchange Mexican postage and revenue
stamps with some Knights of the Round Table.
ROBERT L. MILLER, JUN.
P. O. Box 319, MEXICO CITY, MEXICO.
Mounting Paper Money.
A California member asks how to fix paper money so that it may be
examined without having to take it out of envelopes each time. There are
two ways of mounting your specimens. The first and most difficult is to
take very stiff paper and make a leaf with an opening of the exact size,
like the opening in a photograph album leaf. Mucilage the tiniest edge
all around, and press till thoroughly dry.
The other way is to cover the four corners, but this prevents the back
from being seen. An ideal way would be to have two specimens--one to
mount one side front, the other the other side. Rare manuscripts are
mounted according to the first method, and then the heavy albumlike
leaves are bound into a book.
Want Corner.
Do you live in Chateaugay, N. Y.? Please favor Blanche French, West
Dedham, Mass., with some account of the place, its size, location, and
any interesting information. She will be most grateful. Hubert B.
Stephens is the new secretary of the Bollman Chapter, and his address is
Box 274, Sharpsburg, Pa. It is a corresponding, stamp, and botany club
with ten-cent fee and five-cent dues. Of course it wants to hear from
anybody interested. S. J. Tucker, 2818 Mary Street, Pittsburg, Pa.,
wants to find old copies of _Notes and Queries_. Have you any? He will
reward you if you write him.
The Benjamin Harrison Chapter, of Lee, Mass., wants suggestions how to
make its meetings interesting. It also wants correspondents. Won't you
write? Ernest A. Chaplin, Somerset East, Cape Colony, South Africa,
writes to the Table: "There is a beautiful mountain just outside our
town, and on it a place called 'Rabbit Rock.'" Sir Ernest says he
collects stamps, and has many rare ones to trade.
The fee for admission to the Thaddeus Stevens Chapter, 910 North Broad
Street, Philadelphia, is ten cents, and it wants members, both resident
and non-resident. By mistake we announced the fee as $1. The Sylvia
Chapter was prompt to give us the asked-for facts about it. Its
president is Mary B. Yohn, 5813 Jackson Street, Wissinoming,
Philadelphia; secretary, A. Grace Owen. One of its members, Harriett O.
Bender, wants to trade flowers. Address care the president. Will the
Sylvia's president tell us how its meetings are made interesting? We
wish to publish the information.
[Illustration: Ivory Soap]
You have noticed the disagreeable odor of clothes just from the wash.
That's the soap. Cheap soaps do not rinse out. Ivory Soap rinses
readily, leaving the clothes sweet, clean and white.
THE PROCTER & GAMBLE CO., CIN'TI.
[Illustration]
CHILDREN GROW
healthy--grow happy--grow rosy cheeked and bright eyed, on Hires'
Rootbeer. This great health-giving temperance drink should be kept in
every home. It will benefit and delight every member of the family from
the baby up, and prove a most delicious thirst satisfying beverage for
callers. It's good all the time--morning, noon and night. Get the
genuine
HIRES' Rootbeer
A 25 cent package makes 5 gallons. Sold everywhere.
The Chas. E. Hires Co., Philadelphia.
MONARCH
King of all Bicycles.
[Illustration]
TRADE-MARK.
Five Styles. Weights, 18 to 25 Pounds.
Prices, $85 and $100.
MONARCH CYCLE CO.
Factory and Main Office, Lake and Halsted Sts., Chicago.
Eastern Branch: 79 Reade St. & 97 Chambers St., N.Y.
The C. F. GUYON CO., Ltd., Managers.
[Illustration]
CARD PRINTER =FREE=
Sets any name in one minute; prints 500 cards an hour. YOU can make
money with it. A font of pretty type, also Indelible Ink, Type Holder,
Pads and Tweezers. Best Linen Marker; worth $1.00. Sample mailed FREE
for 10c. stamps for postage on outfit and large catalogue of 1000
Bargains.
R. H. Ingersoll & Bro. 65 Cortlandt St. N.Y. City
[Illustration: If afflicted with SORE EYES USE Dr. ISAAC THOMPSON'S EYE
WATER]
[Illustration: The =KOMBI= Camera--$3.50]
[Illustration]
Carry in pocket. Takes 25 perfect pictures in one loading--re-loading
costs 20c. Ask your dealer for it, or send for free booklet "All About
the Kombi."
ALFRED C. KEMPER,
Branches: London, Berlin. 132-134 Lake Street, Chicago
=DEAFNESS & HEAD NOISES CURED= by my =INVISIBLE= Tubular Cushions. Have
helped more to good =HEAR=ing than all other devices combined. Whispers
=HEAR=d. Help ears as glasses do eyes. =F. Hiscox=, 853 B'dway, N.Y.
Book of proofs =FREE=
[Illustration]
The Eight Numbers of the Franklin Square Song Collection contain
1600
of the Choicest Old and New Songs and Hymns in the Wide World.
Fifty Cents per Number in paper; Sixty Cents in substantial Board
binding; One Dollar in Cloth. The Eight Numbers also bound in two
volumes at $3.00 each. Address Harper & Brothers, New York.
[Illustration]
THE TRICK BICYCLE-RIDER AND THE OBSTINATE BULL-DOG.
[Illustration]
Though well he rides and does the trick,
The bull-dog's pace he finds too quick;
[Illustration]
On yonder limb he'll get a hold,
And leave the bull-dog in the cold.
[Illustration]
He swings himself high in the air,
And takes his bicycle up there;
[Illustration]
Then with his pump he'll downward slip,
And let the bull-dog get a grip.
[Illustration]
The bull-dog never will let go.
Though he's pumped full of air, and so
[Illustration]
When he's as full as he can be,
The next thing happens as you see.
HELPFUL HINTS FOR BICYCLISTS.
1. A good bicyclist is careful of his roads, therefore when taking a
header be careful not to hit the road too hard with your forehead. You
might make a dent in the pavement.
2. In falling off your wheel do not fall on both sides at once. Failure
to observe this rule will result in dividing you against yourself.
3. Always be courteous. If a trolley-car has the right of way over the
track do not dispute with it. A boy in Massachusetts who broke this rule
broke his right arm and his cyclometer at the same time.
4. Be cautious. In riding from New York to Brooklyn keep to the
driveway. Don't try to wheel over the suspension-cable. Yon might slip
and fall into the smoke-stack of a passing ferry-boat.
5. Keep your lamp lit when riding at night. The boy who thought he was
safe because he had a parlor-match in his pocket came home with a spoke
in his wheel that didn't belong there.
6. Do not be rough with ice-carts and furniture trucks. If you must run
into one of them do it as gently and tenderly as if it were a
baby-carriage.
7. A merciful rider is merciful to his wheel, so do not force a bicycle
beyond the point of its endurance, unless you want to walk back with
your wheel on your shoulders.
8. Keep cool. If in the course of a ride you find yourself in a tight
place, with a skittish horse to the left and a steep ravine to the
right, and a bull-dog directly to the fore, take ravine. You'll go into
it, anyhow, and if you take it alone without dragging the dog or the
horse after you your chances will be improved.
9. Never use spurs on the pneumatic tires of your wheel. The use of
spurs in this manner is likely to leave your bicycle in a winded
condition. Spurs are not comfortable, either, in case of a throw.
10. Do not be stubborn with a balky wheel. If the front wheel gets in a
rut going east, and the hind wheel in another going west, dismount and
argue the matter standing, unless you are tired, and want to lie down by
the road-side without making the effort to do so unassisted.
CHANGED HIS MIND.
I didn't like to take my bath,
Until one summer morning bright
I made believe I was a whale,
And now I think it's out o' sight.
A FACETIOUS VISITOR.