Bibl. de l’Institut, Coll. Godefroy, Mémoire de M. de Camusat sur les
enfants et descendants du Premier Président de Selve.
[322] “Gallia Christiana,” 1656, vol. iii., p. 1142. The notice there
given respecting the missions of 1529 is omitted in the edition of 1715
(hitherto quoted in this work), where the article on George de Selve was
rewritten and enlarged. This circumstance might appear to throw doubt on
the accuracy of the information conveyed in the earlier edition. But as
it receives confirmation from several other independent sources, it is
probable that the facts of the previous edition are correct; but that the
early diplomatic labours of the Bishop were thrown into shade by the more
important work of his riper years dwelt upon in the later edition.
[323] Paris, Bibl. Nat., Cab. d’Hozier, vol. 304, f. 28.
[324] See note at the end of this chapter.
[325] Most observers will agree that the appearance of the Bishop of
Lavaur in Holbein’s portrait bears out this remark.
[326] “Œuvres de Feu Révérend Père en Dieu, George de Selve, Evesque de
la Vaur,” Paris, 1559. “Autres Remonstrances faictes par ledict De Selve
auxdicts Alemans.”
[327] The Diet of Spires of 1529 was, as is well known, one of the
most reactionary of the great assemblies held at the epoch of the
Reformation. A large majority of those who attended it were partisans
of Rome. Consequently, the resolutions passed were all in favour of the
old order of things, and actually reversed many decisions advantageous
to the Lutherans which had formerly been agreed upon. For a moment, the
Reformation received a sharp check. As a result of the proceedings, the
minority drew up the famous declaration which first gave rise to the name
of “Protestants.”
[328] Paris, Bibl. Nat., MS. fr. 842, f. 122ᵇ.
[329] Archives of the Château de Villiers (Marquis de Selve); and Paris,
Bibl. Nat., Carrés d’Hozier, vol. 579, f. 341. Marguerite, Queen of
Navarre, to the Grand-Maître de Montmorency, Blois, 18th April.
[330] Paris, Bibl. de l’lnstitut, Coll. Godefroy, f. 414. Obsèques de la
femme du premier président de Selve, 27th November, 1532.
[331] Easter fell in this year on the 13th April.
[332] See pp. 11, 19, 20, 77-78, 80.
[333] “A Mʳᵉ George de Selve, évesque de Lavaur, ... pour aller comme
ambassadeur devers le duc et seigneurie de Venise, et illec ... _devant
ledit temps_, pour leur communiquer les choses dont il lui a donné charge
et celles qui adviendroient ci après.”—Lyons, 2nd December, 1533. Paris,
Bibl. Nat., Cabinet d’Hozier, vol. 304 (Dossier Selve), f. 15, Extraits
de Comptes, etc. See also page 151.
[334] “Gallia Christiana” (1715), vol. xiii. (1722), p. 344. Ecclesia
Vaurensis, No. xxi., Georgius de Selve.
[335] Thevet, “Histoire des plus illustres Hommes,” etc., Paris, 1661,
vol. viii., chap. ii., p. 25.
[336] Pierre Bunel, called by Bayle (“Dict.,” second edition, 1735) “one
of the politest Latin writers that lived in the sixteenth century,”
was born at Toulouse in 1499. He studied with much distinction at the
University of Paris, and proceeded thence to Padua. He was three years
in the service of Lazare de Baif at Venice (the friend, as we know, of
the Bishop of Auxerre); afterwards entering that of George de Selve, with
whom he remained until the death of that prelate. He then found himself
plunged into poverty, from which he was rescued by the Du Faur family,
one of whom sent Bunel to Italy as tutor to his sons. Bunel died of
fever, at Turin, in 1546.
[337] Reginald Pole, the celebrated Cardinal, was born in 1500, and was
the son of Sir Richard Pole and of Margaret Plantagenet, Countess of
Salisbury. He was educated at Charterhouse and Oxford, after which he
was sent by King Henry VIII. to study at Padua. He steadily opposed the
divorce of the king, and in 1532 had drawn such a hornets’ nest about
his ears in England that he asked permission to go abroad again to study
theology. He now resided for some years at Padua, and either there or
at Venice made acquaintance with Selve. Bembo, Longolius, Sadoleto,
Contarini, Ludovico Priuli, were among the circle of his friends. The
Pope employed him on a committee for reforming the discipline of the
Church, but the greater part of his time was spent in endeavouring
to raise the European powers against Henry VIII., with the view to
re-establish the Papal authority in England. He was one of the Legates
sent to the Council of Trent. On the death of Cranmer in 1557 Pole became
Archbishop of Canterbury. He died on the same day as Queen Mary, November
17, 1558.
[338] Pietro Bembo, born at Venice in 1470, was one of the most
celebrated Italian writers of the sixteenth century. After a varied
existence he was appointed secretary to Leo X. in conjunction with
Sadoleto. On the death of that Pope he retired to Padua, where his house
became a centre of intellectual life. He was made a Cardinal in 1539,
and subsequently Bishop of Gubbio and of Bergamo. He died, covered with
honours, in 1547.
[339] Jacopo Sadoleto, Cardinal, in whom brilliant talents were united
with extraordinary charm of disposition, was born at Modena in 1477.
He studied at Ferrara at the same time as Bembo, which was the origin
of their friendship, and was afterwards secretary to Leo X. Sadoleto
never asked a favour for himself. He was appointed Bishop of Carpentras
(a Papal see in the south of France, depending from Avignon) in 1517.
Although reluctant to leave his diocese, such were his qualities of
mind and character that he was frequently summoned to Rome on important
commissions, and was made a Cardinal in 1536, without having in any way
sought or coveted distinction. His gentleness, goodness, and moderation
made him beloved by all; he even protected heretics, saying, “Je ne sais
comment la nature m’a créé, mais je ne puis haïr parce qu’on ne partage
pas mon opinion” (Guettée, “Hist. de l’Eglise de France,” vol. viii., p.
222). His correspondence with Calvin (from whose opinions he of course
entirely differed) is well known. Melanchthon sent him every new work he
published. After being employed in many high offices, Sadoleto died at
Rome in 1547.
[340] Renée of France bore this title until her husband succeeded, as
Ercole II., to the dukedom of Ferrara, which happened later in this same
year (1534).
[341] Selve even tried to obtain for her the release of some of her
French _protégés_ who had been imprisoned on the accusation of heresy.
(Bart. Fontana, “Renata di Francia,” vol. i., p. 344.)
[342] See note 2, p. 145.
[343] “Petri Bunelli Epistolæ,” p. 114. To Odet de Selve, from Venice, 16
January 1534.
[344] “Petri Bunelli Epistolæ,” pp. 30 and 45.
[345] Letters and Papers, Henry VIII., vol. xii., part i., No. 14, Geo.
Selva, Bp. of La Vaur to Cardinal Pole. Venice, 3 Non. Jan. 1536 (Latin).
[346] “Dict. Nat. Biography,” Art. Pole.
[347] See p. 108.
[348] Letters and Papers, Henry VIII., vol. xii., No. 516, Geo. Selva,
etc., to Card. Pole.
[349] Paris, Bibl. Nat., MS. Clairembault, 1215, f. 75. The payments for
the post of ambassador at Venice expire February 19; those for Rome begin
on the following day.
[350] Paris, Bibl. Nat., MS. Clairembault, 1215, f. 78.
[351] _Ibid._, MS. fr. 2968, f. 87; Ribier, “Lettres et Mémoires
d’Estat,” vol. i., p. 66.
[352] Ribier, “Lettres et Mémoires d’Estat,” vol. i., p. 41. Cardinal
Mascon and the Bishop of Lavaur to the King of France, Rome, 12th July,
1537. _Ibid._, p. 76. The same to the Grand-Maître de Montmorency, Rome,
December, 1537.
[353] Ribier, “Lettres et Mém. d’Estat,” vol. i., p. 128, Card. Mascon
and the Bp. of Lavaur to the Conn. de Montmorency, Rome, 14th March, 1538.
[354] Strictly speaking the Bishop of Lavaur alone was accredited as
French ambassador to the Holy See, but throughout this period he and
Cardinal Mâcon acted in concert.
[355] Letters and Papers, vol. xiii., part i. (1538), No. 972, Card.
Tournon to Card. Carpi, Valentia, May 10.
[356] _Ibid._, same time and place.
[357] Ribier, “Lett. et Mém. d’Estat,” vol. i., pages 147 and 150. Mascon
and Lavaur to the Connétable de Montmorency. Carpi to the same. Piacenza,
1st May, 1538.
[358] _Ibid._, page 150. The Connétable de Montmorency to Cardinal Mascon
and the Bishop of Lavaur, 14th May, 1538.
[359] Letters and Papers, vol. xiii., part i., No. 1004, Montmorency to
Castillon, Avignon, 14th May, 1538.
[360] “Monseigneur de Lavaur ... est parti ce jourd’huy matin en
diligence, pour aller trouver le Roy....”—Ribier, “Lett. et Mém.
d’Estat,” vol. i., page 154. Cardinal Mascon to the Connétable, Savona,
11th May, 1538.
[361] June, 1538.
[362] Which was broken at the end of four years (1542), when war was
again declared between France and the Empire.
[363] The final payment he received as ambassador to the Holy See expired
June 30, 1538.
[364] The shell of the castle of the Pico family still exists, though
in a half-ruinous condition. A theatre has been established in one part
of the building, which has lost all traces of former magnificence. The
latter can only be guessed at from the great height of some of the
apartments. The decision of the municipal authorities some years ago,
to pull down the old city walls of La Mirandola, has fatally robbed the
little town of poetry and picturesqueness, but it contains one or two
interesting churches.
[365] Paris, Archives des Affaires Etrangères, Corr. politiques, Rome,
vol. iii., f. 401ᵇ, La Mirandola.
[366] Paris, Bibl. Nat., Fonds Dupuy, vol. xliv., f. 27ᵃ, and Aff.
Etrang., Corr. polit., Rome, vol. iii., f. 401.
[367] Paris, Bibl. Nat., MS. Clairembault, 1215, f. 78. Compiègne, 9th
October, 1538.
[368] Perhaps it refers to 1529. There would be nothing surprising in the
long postponement, as the ambassadors’ salaries were in chronic arrears.
[369] Letters and Papers, Henry VIII., vol. xiii., part i., No. 11. Geo.
de Selve, Bp. of Lavaur, to Cardinal Pole.
[370] The episcopal palace was demolished in the present century by the
person who had acquired it at the time of the French Revolution, who
pulled it to pieces, and sold it stone by stone, lest the edifice should
be claimed as ecclesiastical property. The grounds and site are now used
as public gardens. Lavaur ceased to be a bishopric towards the end of the
eighteenth century.
[371] “The gate by which we have entered into the park of Jesus Christ
where we are now, bearing the name and mark of His sheep.”—“Œuvres de Feu
Révérend Père en Dieu, George de Selve, Evesque de la Vaur.” Paris, 1559.
[372] “Œuvres de George de Selve,” etc.
[373] “It seems to me, when writing to you, that I am with you in
conversation, which is so great a consolation to me that I cannot or will
not find an ending to it.”—_Ibid._
[374] “Discourse containing the only true means by which a servant
favoured by his Prince and entrusted by him with the administration of
affairs, may preserve eternal and temporal felicity, and avoid those
things which might cause him to lose either one or the other.”—“Œuvres,”
etc.
[375] “... speak to-day of living in obedience, or of doing good works
as necessary to eternal life, one half of the world cries out that he
is a Papist and an advocate of justification by works. If he preach
salvation through Jesus Christ and the redemption of sins, the other half
of the world exclaims that he is a Lutheran and a disseminator of false
doctrine....”—_Ibid._ (Letter addressed to a certain “Frère François” who
was preaching at Lavaur in the bishop’s absence.)
[376] Ribier, “Lett. et Pap. d’Estat,” vol. i., page 468. Relation of
the Bishop-Elect of Avranches on his return from Spain in September,
1539. The Bishop-Elect of Avranches had been sent on a special mission to
the Spanish Court, where Anthoine de Castelnau, Bp. of Tarbes, was now
resident French ambassador.
[377] “Remonstrances addressed to the Germans, composed and put in
writing by George de Selve, Bishop of Lavaur, to be publicly pronounced
at the Diet which will be held in Germany [when he was summoned by the
Most Christian King, at the request of the Emperor, to go thither in
order to procure the reconciliation of the said Germans with the order
ecclesiastical].”—“Œuvres de George de Selve,” and Paris, Bibl. Nat., MS.
fr. 3114, f. 1. The portion of the title placed in brackets was evidently
added as a docket in the customary manner by a later hand.
[378] Letters and Papers, Henry VIII., vol. xiv., part 1, No. 1090.
Card. Pole to Card. Contarini, Carpentras, 8 June, 1539. (Pole had found
a refuge near Sadoleto, at Carpentras, in the intervals between his
diplomatic missions.)
[379] “Petri Bunelli Familiares Aliquot Epistolæ,” Lutetia, 1551, page
80. To the Bishop of Tarbes, French ambassador with the Emperor. (Latin.)
[380] Paris, Bibl. Nat., MS. Clairembault, 1215, f. 77.
[381] Decrue de Stoutz, “Anne de Montmorency,” part i., pp. 376, 377.
[382] Mary, Queen-dowager of Hungary, regent of Flanders, sister of
Charles V.
[383] Ribier, “Lett. et Mém. d’Estat,” vol. i., p. 353. Hellin had been
appointed to that post on account of his intimate knowledge of the
Flemish tongue.
[384] _Ibid._, vol. i., p. 449. Grignan, ambassador at Rome, to the
Connétable, April, 1539.
[385] Decrue de Stoutz, “Anne de Montmorency,” part i., p. 383.
[386] Letters and Papers, Henry VIII., vol. xv. (1540), No. 448. Wyat to
Cromwell, Ghent, 2nd April, 1540.
[387] _Ibid._, No. 457. Instructions given to the Bishop of La Vaur, etc.
Aumale, 4 April, 1540.
[388] _Ibid._, No. 508. Sir Thomas Wyat to Cromwell. Wyat was at this
time English ambassador at the Imperial Court.
[389] “Discourse upon the true and only means by which a good and
perpetual peace may be made between the Emperor and the Most Christian
King: composed by George de Selve, Bishop of la Vaur, when ambassador of
the said King with the said Emperor.” (“Œuvres de G. de Selve,” etc.)
[390] Gasp. Contarini, born at Venice in 1483, was sent by that republic
as ambassador to Charles V.; and, after the release of Clement VII. from
the Castle of Sant’ Angelo, which Contarini had helped to bring about,
filled a similar post at the Holy See. Paul III. made him a Cardinal in
1535. He was Papal Legate at the Diet of Ratisbon in 1540. Contarini
urged upon Charles V. the desirability of restoring peace between the
nations, and exhorted the bishops assembled at the Diet to renounce
luxury, ambition, and avarice, to succour the poor, to stay in their
dioceses, and to be careful to select worthy persons for ecclesiastical
promotion; in all of which we see the counterpart of the opinions held by
George de Selve. Contarini died at Bologna in 1542.
[391] Although convened in 1542, the first session of the Council of
Trent was only opened in December, 1545; the final one, after many
breaks, one of which lasted ten years, took place in 1563. A famous
_bon-mot_ is recorded of Danès when assisting at the conferences. As one
of the French representatives was declaiming against the delinquencies
of the Papal Court, the Bishop of Orvieto exclaimed scornfully, _Gallus
cantat._ Instantly Danès replied, _Utinam ad Galli cantum Petrus
resipiscerat!_ (Quoted by Sismondi, “Hist. des Français,” tom. xi., page
380.)
[392] The collapse of the friendship with Charles V., and the failure to
promote a marriage between the Duke of Orleans and the Infanta of Spain
which should bring in its train the restitution of Milan to France,
were the signal for the fall of the Connétable. Throughout his career
attached to the Spanish alliance, the success of these negotiations
would have placed the brightest jewel in his crown of fame. They failed;
and the position of the great minister trembled in the balance. Madame
d’Etampes, jealous of his good understanding with the Dauphin, used
her influence against him. Finally, in October, 1540, the Emperor gave
the _coup-de-grâce_ to French aspirations by bestowing Milan on his
son Philip. Henceforth that territory was lost to French ambition.
Montmorency, shortly after deprived of all share in the management of
public affairs, lived in complete retirement until the accession of the
Dauphin (Henri II.), in 1547, restored to him position and importance.
[393] “Imploring you, Monseigneur, after having done me so many
other favours, not to forget me so far as to leave me here any
longer.”—“Correspondance de Guillaume Pellicier,” edited by M.
Tausserat-Radel for the French Foreign Office. George de Selve to the
Connétable, The Hague, 7th August, 1540.
[394] M. de Saveuse, formerly Bailly of Amiens, and M. de Castillon, late
ambassador in England.
[395] “Corr. de Pellicier,” edited by M. Tausserat-Radel. George de Selve
to the Connétable, Antwerp, 25th August, 1540.
[396] _Ibid._, 1st September, 1540.
[397] _Ibid._, Brussels, 8th September, 1540.
[398] “Corr. de Pellicier,” G. de Selve to the Connétable. Brussels,
September, 1540.
[399] Letters and Papers, Henry VIII., vol. xvi. (1540-41), No. 161. Pate
to the Privy Council, 14th October, 1540.
[400] Paris, Bibl. Nat., MS. Clairembault, 1215, f. 79.
[401] Bunel writes to justify himself from the accusation (see page 175),
that he had influenced the bishop’s decision to retire to his diocese,
thus cutting short a brilliant worldly career. It was also believed that
Bunel had encouraged his patron to lead a life of exaggerated austerity,
which had hurried him to a premature death.
[402] “Petri Bunelli Epistolæ,” Paris, 1551. To P. Danès. Tholosæ, 14
Calend. Sextil., MDXLI. (Latin).—Bayle’s “Dictionary,” Art. Bunel.
[403] Many authorities give the date of Selve’s death as 1542. The
inscription on his portrait at Villiers, however (see page 193), and
Bunel’s letters, place beyond dispute the fact that it occurred in 1541,
as stated above. Several of Bunel’s letters dated in the summer and
latter part of this year enlarge upon the grief caused by the bishop’s
decease. Bayle’s “Dictionary” (Art. Bunel), the “Nouvelle Biographie
Générale,” etc., also give the year correctly.
[404] “Gallia Christiana,” _loc. cit._
[405] “Œuvres de feu révérend Père en Dieu,” etc.
[406] The following is a rough literal translation of the epitaph. It
makes no pretence to finish or metre, being merely intended to give the
meaning.
“G Greatly fortunate in every enterprise:
E Excelling in virtue, his familiar guide:
O Of countenance at once gentle and proud:
R Rich in all qualities required in a Prelate:
G Governing duly the flocks in his Bishopric
E Enclosed: the light of the people:
S Sin’s enemy: of blameless life the friend:
D Distinguished on all sides for his surpassing merits:
E Esteemed and honoured by virtuous men:
S Submissive to all, even to the undeserving:
E Endued with all that which becomes a man:
L Lieth here the Bishop of la Vaur, who by his
V Virtue will live for ever, in peace
E Eternal. And thus, O Traveller, disturb not his repose.
_The spirit of Selve to those on earth_:
It is not I, but you, who do not live:
It is not you, but I, who am exempt from death:
Nor I, nor you, but God, is the mighty and the strong:
And you, and I, are servants of His Will.”
[407] “Petri Bunelli Epistolæ,” page 94. To Odet de Selve—Tholosæ, prid.
Calend. Januar., 1541. (Latin.)
[408] “Petri Bunelli Epistolæ,” page 95. To Peter Danès. Tholosæ, 14
Calend. Sextil., 1541. (Latin.)
[409] Sismondi, “Hist. des Français,” vol. xi., page 380.
[410] Poverty is the probable explanation of Bunel’s inability to give
his time to the writing of his patron’s life. See note 2, page 157.
[411] “Petri Bunelli Epistolæ,” page 94. To Odet de Selve.
[412] “Benvenuto Cellini, Life,” translated by J. A. Symonds, vol. ii.,
p. 187.
[413] H. Green, “Andrea Alciati and his Book of Emblems,” London, 1872.
Mr. Green believes that the collection of 1522 was never published,
years of laborious research having failed to reveal a single copy. That
it should have been reputed published shows, however, the wide fame the
emblems at once attained. Pierre Bunel speaks of Alciati’s emblems in
a letter dated from Venice in 1530 (“Petri Bunelli Epistolæ,” Lutetiæ,
1551). This must have referred to the Milan collection, as the first
edition brought out at Augsburg by Steyner was only published in the
following year.
[414] “Robe longue” was worn by lawyers and ecclesiastics; “robe courte”
by laymen.
[415] Feathers were not yet as universal in 1533 as they became a few
years later, when Brantôme wrote.
[416] The short cape also came into fashion at a rather later period.
[417] Brantôme, “Hommes Illustres François,” Discours xlv. (François I.),
Digression contre les ambassadeurs de robe longue. “One thing I should
like much to know; if there had been present some brave and valiant
knight of the King’s Order, or a captain of gensdarmes, or any other
valorous gentleman with a good sword and bravado, whatever the Emperor
might have advanced in words, whether he would not have thought twice on
seeing the other speak and reply to him bravely; sometimes putting his
hand on the hilt of his sword, sometimes to his side as though to draw
his dagger, sometimes making a defiant gesture, sometimes drawing himself
up proudly, now with his cap drawn down, now raised up with its feather,
now placed on one side, now forward, now backward, now letting his cape
hang half-way as one who is about to twist it round his arm, in order to
draw his sword.... Instead of which M. de Mascon and M. de Vely, although
he (_sic_) replied fairly well for his calling and profession, could show
no other front than to smooth his square cap from time to time with his
fingers; to re-dispose his skull-cap of taffetas, to listen well, with
his two hands clasped and his thumbs extended, to gather up the sides of
his long gown of velvet or satin: all this could not inspire the smallest
terror in the world, nor instil any thought of fear into any soul....”
[418] It may be pointed out that Dinteville’s costume shows many points
of similarity with that of Morette, in the portrait by Holbein at Dresden.
[419] Besides the allusion already quoted from Brantôme, the literature
of the time has many allusions to “la dague et l’épée,” the ordinary
accoutrement at this period of the French gentleman. In 1530, when the
children of France were released from captivity on the payment of their
father’s ransom, it was ordered that the French and Spanish gentlemen who
met on the Bidassoa to effect the exchange, were to be armed only with
“dagger and sword,” _i.e._, to wear their every-day dress and not full
armour, so as to forestall any possibility of treachery on either side.
(Du Bellay, “Mémoires,” ed. Petitot, vol. ii., page 93.) See also for the
mention of the same arms, the “Life of Benvenuto Cellini,” translated by
Symonds, page 169. In pictures the double weapon is frequently seen: in
England more especially among those representing persons who favoured
Continental fashions. Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey, wears dagger,
tassel, and sword in the well-known portrait at Hampton Court. Instances
could easily be multiplied. Planché (“Cyclopædia of Costume,” vol. ii.,
page 159) states that Rabelais attributes the origin of this fashion to
Spain.
[420] It was a common practice to represent ecclesiastics leaning on or
holding a book; sometimes inscribed to show it was the Bible or other
work connected with religion.
[421] It resumes normal proportions when viewed downwards from the
right-hand side of the picture.
[422] “Some Account of the Life and Works of Hans Holbein.” By Ralph
Nicholson Wornum, London, 1867, p. 180.
[423] See illustration, page 196.
[424] And not, as Dr. Woltmann, with singular absence of imagination,
suggests, Holbein and his wife! (“Holbein und seine Zeit,” 2nd German
edition, vol. i., p. 278.)
[425] Woltmann, “Holbein,” vol. i., p. 279.
[426] See _ante_, page 80.
[427] Page 90.
[428] Page 91.
[429] At the British Museum, Paris, Berlin, etc. See Woltmann, “Holbein,”
vol. i., chap. xii., and vol. ii., pp. 174-179.
[430] Mrs. Bury Palliser, “Historic Devices, Badges, and War-cries,” page
4.
[431] The credit of having pointed this out belongs to Mr. C. L.
Eastlake, late Keeper of the National Gallery. Mr. Eastlake thought
he could discern the letters ASCU, or ASQU, preceded by a doubtful H.
The writer confesses to inability to decipher these letters; but fully
appreciates the value of the suggestion that some inscription was
intended. An alternative reading to that suggested in the text would be
that the lettering represents the name or initials of the goldsmith who
wrought the sheath (supposing the design to have been actually executed).
It was not unusual for armourers to sign any fine piece of work. In this
case the letters might possibly be brought into relation with Hans von
Antwerpen, a goldsmith residing in London, who had sat to Holbein in
1532, and is known to have executed some of his designs.
[432] Dr. Daniel Burckhardt, director of the Museum, has no doubt that
this drawing, though not an original, is copied from one by Holbein, of
whose style it indeed bears every mark. The writer is indebted to Dr.
Burckhardt’s kindness for all the facts connected with this design. It
is not the original of the dagger in the “Ambassadors,” as a glance at
the illustration on the opposite page will show; but it furnishes an
interesting point of comparison with the one in question.
[433] In 1560, François II., shortly before his death, bestowed the
Order of St. Michael simultaneously on eighteen gentlemen, at the
instigation of the House of Guise. Down to the death of Henri II., the
royal order had always been held in very great esteem, the statutes
limiting the number of knights to thirty-six. Continuing the precedent
of François II., Charles IX. admitted so many to the order that it
became despised and neglected. (See “Mémoires de Castelnau,” with the
additions by Le Laboureur, vol. i., pages 11 and 355.) It was not till
1578 that Henri III. founded the Order of the Holy Ghost in consequence
of the deterioration of that of St. Michael. The members nominated to
the new order were received knights of St. Michael on the eve of their
installation as knights of the Holy Ghost. Hence they were called
“Chevaliers _des Ordres_ du Roi.” (Lalanne, “Dict. Hist. de la France.”)
[434] Francis I. slightly altered the original arrangement of the
connecting chain to make it simulate the rope of the Cordeliers, in
allusion to his patron, St. Francis.
[435] “Excepting under arms, when it will suffice to wear only the said
image of St. Michael suspended from a small gold chain or silk lace,
whoever pleases to do so. And similarly when the said sovereign or one
of the said knights shall be travelling, or at their houses in private,
or hunting, or in other places where there is no company or considerable
assembly, they shall not be obliged to wear the said Grand Collar, but
only the said image of the Order, in the manner appointed.”
[436] “Statuts de l’Ordre de St. Michel,” Imprimerie Royale, 1725,
article iii. This edition of the statutes was drawn up, as the preface
informs us, by collation of all copies then available, whether printed
or manuscript. Excepting in one or two trifling verbal details, these
statutes are identical, as the writer has proved by comparison, with
those contained in the “Livre des Ordonnances des chevaliers de l’ordre
du treschrestien roy de france Loys XIᵉ a l’honneur de sainct Michel,”
printed at Paris, in 1512, by Guillaume Eustace. The later edition has
been quoted in the text only for the sake of the more modern orthography.
[437] Brantôme, “Hommes Illustres français,” Discours lxxxii., art. v.,
M. de Tavannes.—“Statuts de l’Ordre de St. Michel,” art. iv.
[438] No. 126. It is No. 109 in the Catalogue of the Louvre by M.
Frédéric Villot (1880).
[439] Alfonso I. died in 1534; the portrait cannot therefore have been
substantially _later_ in date than the “Ambassadors.” He was the father
of Ercole d’Este, who in 1527 married Renée of France.
[440] There are two interesting sketches by Holbein, for the Order of St.
Michael, in the Basle Museum. They show far more freedom and spirit than
the St. Michael of the “Ambassadors.” Possibly the latter was more or
less a copy from the actual medallion worn by Dinteville; or it was put
in by an assistant.
[441] See illustration, page 210.
[442] Compare illustrations, page 214. The gores found by Mr. Stevens
are reproduced here by kind permission of Messrs. Henry Stevens, Son and
Stiles.
[443] See the writer’s letter to the “Academy,” February 6th, 1892. The
Stevens globe is now the property of Mr. Kalbfleisch of New York.
[444] “Johann Schöner. A reproduction of his globe of 1523, long lost....
By Henry Stevens of Vermont.... Edited by C. H. Coote. London, 1888.”
Schöner was a distinguished mathematician, astronomer, and geographer.
Born in 1477 at Carlstadt, his name is chiefly associated with Nuremberg,
where, at various intervals, he spent long periods of his life. He
corresponded with Copernicus; and Melanchthon contributed prefaces
to several of his books. The latter, which are mainly concerned with
astronomy and mathematics, and the then kindred subjects of astrology and
medicine, also include treatises on the various celestial and terrestrial
globes of which he was the author. Four of Schöner’s earth-globes, if we
include that under consideration, have come down to the present day. A
specimen of the earliest, dated 1515, is preserved at Frankfort; of the
second (1520) in the Germanic Museum at Nuremberg; the gores found by Mr.
Stevens are supposed to represent the third (1523); and the fourth (1534)
may be seen in the Grand-Ducal Library at Weimar. Schöner died in 1547.
Further information may be found, if desired, in the interesting book
named above.
[445] See Mr. Coote’s article on Maximilianus Transylvanus, “Athenæum,”
July 16th, 1892.
[446] The late Mr. C. H. Coote, British Museum.
[447] In the illustrations, p. 214, to facilitate comparison with the
Stevens’ globe, Holbein’s copy has been placed in the same position as
the original gores. To see Holbein’s globe as it is placed in the picture
and described above, this book must be turned round, so as to present the
globe handle _downwards_.
[448] Pritann. (Britannia), Norma..ia., Avern., Burgund., Languedoc.
[449] Paris, Leon, Baion, Polisy. The rivers Seine and Rhone are also
laid down by Holbein, but left unnamed, probably through lack of space.
[450] Castil., Aragon., Navar., Grana.
[451] Roma, Genua.
[452] See page 52, note 2.
[453] Page 54.
[454] Page 55.
[455] The _S_ in Polisy is partially effaced.
[456] See Appendix B.
[457] See _ante_, page 151.
[458] See illustration, page 218.
[459] They are there respectively numbered II. and XIX. In both cases
the words in the form given are due to Luther: the first hymn being his
translation of the ancient “Veni Creator,” the second his paraphrase of
the Ten Commandments. The latter first received the title given to it
by him, “Die zehen Gebot kürtzer gefasst” (“A shortened Version of the
Ten Commandments”), in the Wittemberg “Gesangbuch” of 1529. In Walther’s
“Gesangbuch” it is simply numbered “XIX.”
[460] Brightness, brilliancy.
[461] The first strophe of the “Veni Creator” was, in fact, used as an
antiphon in the Roman Catholic Church. (Antiphon: “A short piece of plain
song introduced before a psalm or canticle, to the tone of which it
corresponds, while the words are selected so as specially to illustrate
and enforce the evangelical or prophetic meaning of the text.”—Grove’s
“Dictionary of Music and Musicians.”) The suggestion that an antiphon
was intended in the picture gains some force from the fact that while a
faint “D...” is seen beneath the second hymn (“Mensch wiltu”), pointing
to the commencement of the second verse (“Dein Gott allein und Herr bin
ich,” representing the First Commandment), no second verse is indicated
in the case of “Kom Heiliger Geyst,” which is limited to one strophe.
The opening of the “Veni Creator” was actually printed as an antiphon
in the “Baseler Plenarium” of the year 1514, beneath a woodcut, by Hans
Scheuffelin, representing the Descent of the Holy Ghost. (Winterfeld,
“Dr. Martin Luther’s deutsche Geistliche Lieder,” Leipzig, 1840.)
[462] The words between brackets, where the surface of the panel has been
injured, are supplied from Winterfeld, “Dr. Martin Luther’s deutsche
geistliche Lieder” (Leipzig, 1840), where Walther’s hymns are reproduced.
The only exception is in the last line of the second hymn, where the
repetition of the word “Gott” is obviously intended. In Walther’s
“Gesangbuch,” in place of the repetitions seen above, “Halleluia” is
twice sung at the end of “Kom Heiliger Geyst,” and “Kyrioleis” once at
the conclusion of the first verse of “Mensch wiltu.” (A stroke over
a letter implies a suppressed consonant. Thus, for “gleubgē” read
“gleubgen”; for “brūstig,” “brunstig”; for “un̄,” “und,” and so on.) For
an English rendering of the first hymn the reader is referred to the
numerous translations of the “Veni Creator,” all of which give the sense
generally, not literally. The second hymn is a paraphrase of the Ten
Commandments, opening with an admonition to obey the behests they contain.
[463] Winterfeld, “Dr. Martin Luther’s Geistliche Lieder.”
[464] See Mr. Barclay Squires’ letter to the “Times,” November 14, 1891.
The information there given is based upon Dr. Kade’s reprint of Walther’s
“Gesangbuch.”
[465] It will be recollected that this hymn still forms part of the
services of the Church of England for the Ordering of Priests and for the
Consecration of Bishops.
[466] Spangenberg’s “Kirchengesenge,” Magdeburg, 1545; quoted by
Winterfeld, “Der Evangelische Kirchengesang,” p. 306.
[467] “Je receuz ces jours passez voz lettres du premier mars.... J’ay
aussy eu le pacquet de celles que m’escripvoit Monsʳ l’Archevesque de
Cantorberi auxquelles je faiz response.”—Claude Dodieu, Sieur de Vély,
French ambassador with the Emperor, to the Bailly of Troyes. From
Paris, 2nd May, 1533. (Paris, Bibl. Nat., Coll. Dupuy, vol. 263, f.
96.)—Throughout the period of Henry VIII.’s divorce and re-marriage with
Anne Boleyn Cranmer had probably much to do with the Frenchmen. It will
be remembered that in the procession for Anne Boleyn’s coronation he and
Dinteville rode side by side. (See _ante_, page 85.)
[468] Cranmer’s second wife, whom he married in Germany in 1532, the year
before he became Archbishop of Canterbury, was the daughter of Osiander,
the Reformer.
[469] See illustration, page 224, for a comparison of the page painted by
Holbein with the corresponding page of the original book.
[470] Peter Apian, or Bienewitz (of which name Apian is the Latinized
form), born 1495 at Leisnig in Saxony, became Professor of Mathematics
(which included astronomy, etc.) at Ingoldstadt in Bavaria, where he
died in 1552. It appears probable enough that he may have been a friend
and correspondent of Kratzer, who was himself a native of Munich.—George
Apian, mentioned in the colophon, was evidently a member of the same
family, and a printer.
[471] The facts given above are taken from a letter to the “Athenæum,”
July 30th, 1892, in which the late Mr. C. H. Coote announced his very
interesting discovery of a copy of this book in the British Museum, and
the identification of the very page seen in the picture.
[472] Now in the Louvre.
[473] See Mr. W. Fred. Dickes in the “Magazine of Art,” November, 1891.
[474] It was formerly of much greater extent than at present, but a
portion was removed, and other portions damaged, when “the new altar” was
erected early in the eighteenth century. See Dart, “Westmonasterum, or
History and Antiquities of the Abbey Church of St. Peter’s, Westminster,”
2 vols. fol., 1724.
[475] Sir G. G. Scott, “Gleanings from Westminster Abbey,” second
edition, 1863.
[476] The Hymn-book and Book of Arithmetic.
[477] Published by Steyner at Augsburg in 1531, and reprinted by him in
the same year, as well as in 1532, 1533, and 1534. Mr. Henry Green, in
his authoritative treatise on “Andrea Alciati and his Book of Emblems”
(London, 1872), has shown that in all probability the so-called first
edition of Milan, 1522, existed only in manuscript.
[478] Mr. W. Fred. Dickes was the first to point out the probable
connection between the lute in Holbein’s picture and this emblem
(“Magazine of Art,” November, 1891). The plausibility of the suggestion
is happily not invalidated by the fact that Mr. Dickes unfortunately
failed to notice the broken string—a circumstance which, on Alciati’s
own showing (see the poem cited in the text), exactly reverses the
significance of the symbol. This oversight naturally led Mr. Dickes to a
wholly fallacious interpretation of the emblem. Had that gentleman read
Alciati’s explanation of the device in question, he could not have been
so misled.
[479] Mr. Dickes says “a lute and two books” (“Magazine of Art,”
November, 1891), which of course brings the emblem much closer to
Holbein’s representation. Whether the manuscript collection of Alciati’s
“Emblems” of 1522 (see above, note 1) contained “two books,” and whether
that collection came under the notice of Holbein and his sitters, it is
impossible to say; no copy of it being known to exist. But had Mr. Dickes
carefully consulted the only version of Alciati’s “Emblems” which had
been _published_ up to 1533—namely, that issued by Steyner—he would have
seen that the device there consists of a lute _only_. The two books first
appear many years after the picture was painted.
[480] Green, “Andrea Alciati and his Book of Emblems” (London, 1872), pp.
12, 43-45. In later editions of Alciati’s “Emblems,” “Fœdera Italorum”
was inscribed “Ad Maximilian Mediolani Ducem.” If it was indeed sent
to Maximilian, it must have been composed many years earlier than here
suggested, as Maximilian was dethroned on the conquest of the Duchy of
Milan by the French, in 1515. It is noteworthy, however, that the name
of Maximilian is only appended to this emblem at a considerably later
date, when it may have been printed in error for Francesco, who was the
reigning duke in 1526. Mr. Green, indeed, appears so satisfied that the
League of Cognac gave birth to this emblem, that he excludes it from the
possible list of emblems comprised in the Milan collection of 1522, as
having been composed at a later date. Internal evidence proves that it
was addressed to one of these two Dukes of Milan; to which of them is not
very important. The same fair hopes of peace in Italy, which were evoked
by the accession of Maximilian, were revived by the League of Cognac,
under Francesco. The argument remains the same.
[481] The writer is indebted for this translation to the kindness of Lord
Francis Hervey.
[482] See, for an account of all the circumstances, Part II., pp.
90-93. The picture had of course been begun earlier in the year, but
it must have taken a considerable time to think out all the elaborate
accessories, and still longer to execute them.
[483] This edition was subsequently translated into French by Jean Le
Fèvre, a native of Dijon and Canon of Langres (in which diocese Polisy
was situated), and was dedicated to the friend of the Dinteville family,
Philippe de Chabot, Admiral de Brion.
[484] Andrea Alciati was born in the Milanese in 1492. He studied
at Pavia and Bologna, and took his degree as Doctor of Laws in the
twenty-second year of his age. In 1518 he was appointed to the Chair of
Jurisprudence at Avignon. Returning to Italy in 1521, he remained at
Milan till 1529, when he returned to France; this time to lecture on law
at Bourges, where he stayed till 1534. He now resided at various Italian
centres until his death, which took place in 1550. Erasmus and Paul
Jovius were among his friends, and his society was sought on all hands.
Charles V. and Francis I. alike protected him. The “Emblems,” which he
composed as a recreation from his deeper studies, had extraordinary
celebrity, and were printed and reprinted in innumerable editions and
languages throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. One such
was given to the world by the printer Gryphius at Lyons in 1548. It is
curious that the motto of the Dinteville family, “Virtuti Fortuna Comes,”
which, it has been seen, was also that of Gryphius in slightly altered
form, was used by Alciati as early as 1522, in conjunction with the
spread wings and other symbols of Hermes.
[485] See Part II., page 39.
[486] Hagen, “Deutschlands literarische und religiöse Verhältnisse im
Reformations-Zeitalter,” vol. i., chap. vi.
[487] Decrue de Stoutz, “La Cour de France au XVIᵉ̀ᵐᵉ siècle,” page 159.
Renée of France also cultivated these sciences at the Court of Ferrara.
(Bart. Fontana, “Renata di Francia, Duchessa di Ferrara,” vol. iii., page
360.)
[488] It is a curious thing that Agrippa, whose name has descended
to posterity as the incarnation of black magic, enjoyed for a time a
European reputation for learning of the highest kind. Ecclesiastics such
as the Archbishop of Cologne, Cardinal La Marck, and Cardinal Campeggio,
were his special protectors. The freedom with which he expressed his
opinion of the monks seems first to have drawn from his enraged enemies
those accusations of meddling with black art which afterwards sullied his
fame. His talents were universal. Secretary, soldier, knight, doctor of
law, physic, and divinity, equally at home in France, Germany, England,
and Italy, his life was as varied as the professions he undertook to
exercise. But by some fault of tact or temper on his part his career
always broke off just when apparently about to prosper, and ended in
bitterness and disappointment. Agrippa died at Grenoble in 1535.
[489] As opposed to the black magic which was considered to emanate from
the Evil One, and, as such, prohibited with the utmost rigour.
[490] Bayle’s “Dictionary,” ed. 1735, Art. Agrippa. The letters from
which these passages are quoted were probably not published until a later
date, but their purport appears to have formed the substance of that
“Key” which Agrippa was in the habit of explaining to favoured persons.
[491] Letters and Papers, Henry VIII., vol. vi. (1533), No. 1170. Thomas
Houth to the Earl of Kildare. In the index to the volume in question
Gyes is erroneously identified with one Gee, an altogether different
individual, as can be verified by reference to the letters, in the same
volume, which refer to the latter person.—The Alderman at this time
was probably Barthold Beckman, of Hamburg. (Lappenberg, “Urkundliche
Geschichte des Hansischen Stahlhofes zu London,” p. 157.)
[492] In this second form perhaps equivalent to “Gijze.” The “z” would
have a hissing sound similar to “ss.”
[493] Lappenberg, “Urkundliche Geschichte,” etc. Urkunden (No. clii.,
Aus dem Archive zu Cöln), p. 173. Sir Thomas More was one of the
representatives of England on this occasion.
[494] _Ibid._, part i., p. 80, No. 11.
[495] _Ibid._, p. 81, Nos. 11 and 57, and part ii. (Urkunden), p. 173.
Dr. Lappenberg adds a fourth version, which he brings under the same
head: “Hans van der Biesen,” which stands, in his opinion, for “Hans van
der Giesen.” (_Ibid._, p. 81, Nos. 39 and 40.)
[496] The entry occurs as “Albert Gissen Kammer” (Albert Gisse’s or
Albert Gissen Room). If we may assume “Gissen” to be here in the genitive
case, the nominative “Gisse” would show perfect identity with one of
Holbein’s versions of the name.
[497] “The Book of Ser Marco Polo, the Venetian,” newly translated and
edited, with notes, by Colonel Henry Yule, C.B., vol. i., p. 205, note 3.
[498] “Life and Reign of Henry VIII.” (1532-33, “Ambassador sent to the
Pope from the King of Ethiopia”).
[499] See Holbein’s “Ambassadors,” p. 72.
[500] Letters and Papers, Henry VIII., vol. vi. (1533), No. 156.
INDEX
INDEX
Abate, Niccolò dell’, 126.
Act of Supremacy, 100.
Agout, river, 170.
Agrippa, Cornelius, 233, _ibid._, _note_ 3, 234, _ibid._, _note_ 2.
Aigues-Mortes, 166.
Albany, Duke of, 91.
Alchemy, 138, 227, 232-234.
Alciati, Andrea, 46, 131, 198, _ibid._, _note_ 1, 228-231, 231,
_note_ 3.
Alençon, Chancellor of, 42.
Alfonso I. d’Este, Duke of Ferrara, _see_ Este.
Allegory, 197.
“AMBASSADORS,” HOLBEIN’S PICTURE OF THE;
purchased for the National Gallery, 1, 5, 31-32;
personages represented, 1, 10, 11, 19, 20, 77, 200-202;
owned by Le Brun, 5-6, 31-32;
by Jacob, Earl of Radnor, 6, _ibid._, _note_ 2, 31-32;
documents showing history of picture, 11, 18, 20;
notice in Beaujon catalogue, 9-10, 31-32;
description of picture, 200-203;
details of same, 203-236 (_see also under each head_).
Ambassadors _de robe longue_ and _de robe courte_, 143, 199-200, 199,
_note_ 1.
Amboise, Château of, 42, 126, _note_ 3.
Amboise, George d’, Cardinal Legate, 99.
Amyot, Jacques, Bishop of Auxerre, 146, _ibid._, _note_ 1.
Angeviller, Conte d’, 22, _note_ 1.
Angoulême, Charles, Duke of, _see_ Charles.
Angoulême, Duchesse d’, _see_ Louise.
Angoulême, Marguerite d’, _see_ Marguerite.
Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, 62, 72, 79, 82, 83-89, 102, 105.
Antwerp, 186.
Apian, George, 224, _ibid._, _note_ 2.
Apian, Peter, 224-225, 224, _note_ 2.
Aragon, Katherine of, _see_ Katherine.
Arithmetic, 223, 224, 225, 232.
Arithmetic, Book of, in picture of “Ambassadors,” 203, 223-224.
Armagnac, Georges d’, Bishop of Rodez, 156, 167.
“Arms of Death” (design by Holbein), 203-204.
Arms of François II., Bishop of Auxerre, 56, 130.
Arms of Jean de Dinteville, 128-129.
Arts, the Seven Liberal, 39;
in picture of “Ambassadors,” 210, 223, 225, 228, 231-232.
Arundel Collection, 140.
Aspremont, 136.
Asti, county of, 101.
Astrology, 45, 138, 210, _ibid._, _note_ 3, 233-234.
Astronomy, 45, 210, _ibid._, _note_ 3, 225, 232, 233-234.
Audley, Sir Thomas, Lord Chancellor, 85, _ibid._, _note_ 6.
Aumale, 178.
Auxerre, cathedral of, 117, 137, _note_ 1.
Auxerre, François I. de Dinteville, Bishop of, _see_ Dinteville.
Auxerre, François II. de Dinteville, Bishop of, _see_ Dinteville.
Auxerre, Jacques Amyot, Bishop of, _see_ Amyot.
“Avaux, M. d’,” 5, 7, 8, 10, 22,
_see also_ Mesmes.
Avaux, seigneurie in Champagne, 9, _note_ 1.
Avignon, 46, 148, 149, 166, 231, _note_ 3.
Azay-le-Rideau, 125.
Baif, Lazare de, French Ambassador at Venice, etc., 59, 157, _ibid._,
_note_ 2, 174.
Bailly, office of, 38.
Bailly of Troyes, The, _see_ Dinteville.
Balavoyne, steward of Bishop of Auxerre, 59, _ibid._, _note_ 2, 63.
Barbier, Domenico del, _see_ Domenico Fiorentino.
Bar-sur-Seine, 11, 19, 36, 41, 121.
Basle, 75.
Basse-Cour of Polisy, 127, 133.
Basville, _see_ Lamoignon.
Basville, seigneurie, 29.
Bayonne, 176, 213.
Beaujon, Hospice (now Hospital), 30, _ibid._, _note_ 2.
Beaujon, Nicolas, 9, 21, 29, 30-32, 30, _note_ 2.
Beauvais, M. de, French Ambassador in Scotland, 80, _ibid._, _note_
2, 95, 98.
Belgrade, 214.
Bellay, Guillaume Du, Seigneur de Langey, 35, _note_ 1, 44, 47,
_ibid._, _note_ 2, 48, 53, 232.
Bellay, Jean Du, successively Bishop of Bayonne and Paris, and
Cardinal, 42, 44, 45, _note_ 1, 47, _ibid._, _note_ 2, 48, 53,
65, 66, 67, _ibid._, _note_ 3, 80, 89-90, 98, 232.
Bellay, Madame Du, 117.
Bellay, Martin Du, 47, _note_ 2.
Bembo, Pietro, Cardinal, 158, _ibid._, _note_ 2.
Berthereau, secretary to Montmorency, 59.
Bèze, M. de, 59, _note_ 2.
Bèze, Théodore de, 59, _note_ 2.
Bidassoa, river, 146, 176, 201, _note_ 2.
Biez, Oudart Du, Governour of Boulogne, 98.
Black Friars, 68, 69.
Blaigny, Charles le Genevois, Marquis de, 16, 26.
Blaigny, Charlotte Marie de Cazillac, Marquise de, _see_ Cazillac.
Blaigny, Marie Renée Le Genevois de, _see_ Le Genevois.
Blois, Château of, 42, 125.
Boisy, Grand-Maître, 39.
Boleyn, Queen Anne, _see_ Anne Boleyn.
Bologna, 72.
Bomy, Truce of, 163.
Bonhomme, Abbé, 24, _note_ 1.
Bonner, Dr., 82, _ibid._, _note_ 2.
Bonnivet, Admiral, 39.
Bonvalot, François, Abbot of St. Vincent of Besançon, Imperial
Ambassador in France, 177.
Bordeaux, 30, _note_ 2, 144.
Born, Derick, 76, _note_ 1.
Boulogne, 60, 61, 66, 98, 110.
Bourbon, Connétable de, 233.
Bourdaizière, La, 60.
Bourges, Archbishop of, _see_ Tournon, François de.
Bourges, University of, 46, 145, 231, _ibid._, _note_ 2.
Brandon, Charles, Duke of Suffolk, 85, _ibid._, _note_ 3, 87-88, 90.
Brantôme, 199-200, 201, _note_ 2.
Breton, secretary to Francis I., 98.
Brian, Sir Francis, 94, 109-110.
Bridewell, Palace of, 58, _ibid._, _note_ 3, 63, _ibid._, _note_ 3,
67-71, 68, _note_ 1.
Brion, Madame de, 117.
Brion, Philippe de Chabot, Admiral de, 65, 98, 116, 118, 146.
Brittany, 59, 213.
Brittany, Anne of, wife of Louis XII., 45, _note_ 2.
Broglie, Anne Louise de, second Marquise de Cessac, 23, 25, 28.
Brou, Denis Feydeau de, 28.
Brou, Madame de, 118.
Brun, Le, _see_ Le Brun.
Brussels, 177, 186, 187, 188.
Buchanan, picture-dealer, 6, _ibid._, _note_ 2, 32.
Budé, Guillaume, 43, _ibid._, _note_ 2, 46, 47.
Bunel, Pierre, 144, 157, _ibid._, _note_ 2, 159, 160, 174-175, 189,
190, _note_ 1, 191-192.
Burgundy, Charles the Bold, Duke of, 37.
Burgundy, County of (High Burgundy or Franche Comté), 16, 139, _note_
2, 177, 186.
Burgundy, Duchy of, 36, 37, 41, 121, 127, 139, _note_ 2, 213.
Buttes, Dr., physician to Henry VIII., 74, 78.
Buxi, Cécille de, wife of Jean de Selve, 143, 147, _note_ 1, 154.
Buxi, Pierre de, Bishop of Lavaur, 147.
Cahors, 24, _note_ 1.
Calais, 60-63, 66, 109;
meeting of Henry VIII. and Francis I. at (1532), 60-63.
Calvin, 46, 158, _note_ 3.
Campeggio, Cardinal, 69, 233, _note_ 3.
Camusat, Nicolas, Canon of Troyes, 14, 15, 18, 20, 21, 24, _note_ 1,
134, _note_ 1.
Canterbury, Archbishops of, _see_ Cranmer, Warham.
Capello, Carlo, Venetian Ambassador in England, 85, _ibid._, _note_ 6.
Carew, Sir Nicolas, Master of the Horse to Henry VIII., 88.
Carpentras, 174, _note_ 1.
Carpentras, Bishop of, _see_ Sadoleto.
Carpi, Ridolfo Pio, Bishop of Faenza, Cardinal, 162-165.
_Carrelage_ at Polisy (tesselated pavement), 129-130, 197.
Castelnau, Anthoine de, Bishop of Tarbes, French Ambassador in
England and with Charles V., 102-103, 105, _ibid._, _note_ 3,
172, _note_ 2, 174-175.
Castelnau, Louis de, Marquis de Cessac, 15, _note_ 5, 24, _note_ 1.
Castillon, Sieur de, French Ambassador in England, 95, 96.
Catherine de’ Medici (Duchess of Orleans, subsequently Queen of
France), 72, 96, 99.
Cazillac, Charlotte-Marie de, Marquise de Blaigny, 16, 17, 23, 25-27,
31.
Cazillac, Claude de, Baronne de Fontenilles, 15, 26.
Cazillac, Claude de, Marquise de Praslin, 25, _note_ 1.
Cazillac, François I. de, Baron de Cessac, _see_ Cessac.
Cazillac, François II. de, Marquis de Cessac, _see_ Cessac.
Cazillac, seigneurie in Quercy, 24, 27.
Cellini, Benvenuto, 126, _note_ 3, 197.
Cessac, Baronne de, _see_ Dinteville, Claude de.
Cessac, François I. de Cazillac, Baron de, 14, 17, 31.
Cessac, François II. de Cazillac, Marquis de, 15-17, 19-21, 22-25,
_ibid._, _note_ 1, 26, 31.
Cessac, Marquise de, _see_ Broglie, Anne-Louise de.
Cessac, Marquise de, _see_ Choiseul, Marie de.
Cessac, seigneurie in Quercy, 24, 25, 27, 28.
Chabot, Philippe de, Admiral de Brion, 65, 98, 116, 146.
Chambord, 125.
Champagne, 14, _note_ 1, 16, 24, _note_ 1, 36, 46, 52, 127.
“Champagne et de Brie, Revue de,” 10-12, 14, _note_ 1.
Chantilly, 55, 83, 100.
Chapeaufort, Maison du, 21.
Chapuys, Eustace, Ambassador of Charles V. in England, 62, 63, 103,
105-106.
Charles VIII., King of France, 37, 51.
Charles IX., King of France, 207, _note_ 1.
Charles V., Emperor of Germany, 6, 40, 41, 42, 48, 52, _note_ 2, 57,
69, 72, 73, 76, 90-92, 95, 99, 101, 102, 104, 106, 107, 116,
128, 151, 152, 156, 157, 162, 163, 165, 166, 169, 172-182, 182,
_note_ 1, 184-188, 184, _note_ 1, 193.
Charles, Duke of Angoulême, subsequently Duke of Orleans, 40, 42, 43,
44, 53, 59, 60, 62, 98, 99, 100, 106, 112, _note_ 2, 113, 116,
118, _ibid._, _note_ 3, 119, 121-124.
Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, 37.
Chartres, Duchess of, _see_ Renée.
“Chartreuse,” The, 30.
Châtillon, Mme. de, 45, _note_ 1.
Chelsea, More’s house at, 74, 75.
Chenonceaux, 125.
Choiseul, Charles de, Marquis de Praslin, 25, _note_ 1.
Choiseul, Duché-Pairie, 17.
Choiseul, family of, 16.
Choiseul, Isabelle de, 25, _note_ 1.
Choiseul, Marie de, first Marquise de Cessac, 16, 21, 22.
Chrétien, Félix, 137, _note_ 1.
Christina, Duchess of Milan, niece of Charles V., 91, _ibid._, _note_
1.
Chronology of Holbein’s “Ambassadors,” 31.
Cinque Ports, Barons of the, 87, _note_ 4.
Clement VII., Pope, 41, 57, 58, 59, 61, 62, 72, 73, 78, 79, 82, 91,
93, 95-96, 99, 100, _note_ 2, 155.
Clermont, Cardinal, Legate of Avignon, 148-150.
Clermont, M. de, 150.
Clouet, 209.
Cloux, Château, 126, _note_ 3.
Cobham, 102.
Cognac, League of, 41, 90, 92, 228, _ibid._, _note_ 4.
Coligny, Louise de, wife of Gaucher de Dinteville the younger, 51,
_note_ 2.
Collège Royal (Coll. de France), 46, 145.
Cologne, Archbishop of, 233, _note_ 3.
Compass, an oval, 80.
Compasses, in picture of “Ambassadors,” 203, 224, 232, 233.
Concordat, The, 147.
Contarini, Cardinal, 158, _note_ 1, 182, _ibid._, _note_ 1.
Conti, Prince de, Governour of Champagne, 16.
Copernicus, 210, _note_ 3.
Cosins Lane, 75.
Council, The General, 78, 106, 162, 163.
Cranmer, Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury, 78, 85-87, 222, _ibid._,
_note_ 3, 223, _note_ 1.
Croix, Nicolas de la, 135, 136.
Cromwell, Thomas, minister of Henry VIII., subsequently Earl of
Essex, 74, 76, _note_ 1, 102, 106, 107.
Crucifix, Silver, in picture of “Ambassadors,” 203, 232, 234, 235.
Dagger, in picture of “Ambassadors,” 7, 201, 205-207, 206, _note_ 1.
Dagger-sheath, design for, after Holbein, 206, _ibid._, _note_ 1.
Dagger and sword, worn together, 200, 201, _ibid._, _note_ 2.
“Dance of Death,” Holbein’s, 203, 204.
Dance of Death, The, 198.
Danès, Pierre, 144, 145, 146, 157, 183, _ibid._, _note_ 1, 189, 191.
Dauphin François, The, _see_ François.
Dauphin Henri, The, _see_ Henri.
Death, Agrippa’s Mystical, 234-235.
“Death, Arms of,” 203-204, 207.
Death, Device and Emblems of, in picture of “Ambassadors,” 203-207,
228, 235.
Death, Mottoes concerning, 206.
Death’s-head Brooch, in picture of “Ambassadors,” 201, 203.
Death’s-head, Distorted, in picture of “Ambassadors,” 10, 203-205,
203, _note_ 1, 206, 225, 235.
Derick, _see_ Born _and_ Tybis.
Deschenetz (Echenay), seigneurie, 17, _note_ 1, 36, 37, 40, 113-114.
Deschenetz, Seigneur, _see_ Dinteville, Guillaume de.
Device of Death, in picture of “Ambassadors,” 204-207, 235.
Device or _Devise_, 197-198, 204-207, 235.
Diane de Poitiers, “Grande Sénéchale,” subsequently Duchesse de
Valentinois, 112.
Diet of Hagenau (1540), 172-173, 174.
—— Ratisbon (1541), 174, 175.
—— Spires (1529), 151-153, _ibid._, _note_ 1, 219, 222.
Dijon, Bailly of (M. de Villiers les Potz), 117-118.
Dinteville, Charlotte de, wife of Louis Raguier, Seigneur de la
Mothe, sister of Jean the “Ambassador,” 47, 53, 136, _ibid._,
_note_ 1.
Dinteville, Claude de, Surintendant de Finance to Charles the Bold,
Duke of Burgundy, uncle to Jean the “Ambassador,” 37.
Dinteville, Claude de, wife of François I. de Cazillac, Baron de
Cessac, niece of Jean the “Ambassador,” 14, 15, 17, 31, 134,
_note_ 3.
Dinteville, François I. de, Bishop of Auxerre, uncle of Jean the
“Ambassador,” 37, 38, 51, 53, 56.
Dinteville, François II. de, Bishop of Auxerre, brother of Jean the
“Ambassador,” 15, 38, 39, 51, 53, 55-60, 62-65, 78, 79-81, 111,
113-121, 129-131, 133, 135-138, 214, 233.
Dinteville, Françoise de, sister of Jean the “Ambassador,” 53, 63,
_note_ 4, 134.
Dinteville, Gaucher I. de, father of Jean the “Ambassador,” 37-42,
47, 50-53, 53, _note_ 2, 54.
Dinteville, Gaucher II. de, Seigneur of Vanlay and Thennelières,
brother of Jean the “Ambassador,” 51, _note_ 2, 52, _ibid._,
_note_ 3, 53, 59, 60, 62, 111-116, 137, 213.
Dinteville, Guillaume, Seigneur Deschenetz, brother of Jean the
“Ambassador,” 14, 52, _ibid._, _note_ 2, 53, 59, 107-108,
111-114, 116, 133-138, 167-168, 213.
Dinteville, Jacques de, Grand Veneur de France, uncle of Jean the
“Ambassador,” 37.
DINTEVILLE, JEAN DE, SEIGNEUR OF POLISY AND BAILLY OF TROYES (subject
of Holbein’s portrait).
Birth and lineage, 36;
position at French Court, 39, 40, 42, 52, _ibid._, _note_ 3, 53,
59, 60, 62, 63, 99-101, 111-113, 116-121, 122, 134;
Bailly of Troyes and Governour of Bar-sur-Seine, 41;
Knight of St. Michael, 7-8, 53, _ibid._, _note_ 2, 134, _note_ 2,
201-208;
first embassy to England (1531), 54, 56-57;
second and longest ditto (1533), 66-98;
third ditto (1535), 100-103;
fourth ditto (1536), 105-107;
fifth and last ditto (1537), 108-110;
in disgrace with Francis I., 111-113;
back at Court, 116-121;
paralyzed, 121;
builds Polisy, 125-133;
death, 138.
—— His portrait by Holbein (“Ambassadors”), 1, 10-11, 18-20, 31,
77-78, 200;
_see also under “Ambassadors.”_
—— Supposed portrait amongst the Holbein drawings at Windsor, 139.
Dinteville, Jean de, son of Pierre de Jaucourt, ancestor of Jean the
“Ambassador,” 36.
Dinteville, Jean de, another ancestor, 36-37.
Dinteville, Joachim de, Seigneur of Dinteville in Champagne, 14,
_note_ 1, 24, _note_ 1.
Dinteville, Louis de, Knight Commander of the Order of St. John of
Jerusalem, brother of Jean the “Ambassador,” 39, 53, 54, 60,
213.
Dinteville, Pierre de, Seneschal of the Order of St. John of
Jerusalem, uncle of Jean the “Ambassador,” 37, 54.
Dinteville, seigneurie in Champagne, 14, _note_ 1, 24, _note_ 1, 36.
St. Dizier, 128.
Dodieu, Claude, Sieur de Vély, French Ambassador with Charles V., 98,
_ibid._, _note_ 2, 186-188, 199-200, 222, _note_ 3.
Domenico Fiorentino (Domenico del Barbier), 126-128.
Dossi, Battista, 209.
Dover, 66, 109-110.
Du Bellay, _see_ Bellay, Du.
Du Faur, _see_ Faur, Du.
Du Plessis, _see_ Plessis, Du.
Duprat, Chancellor, 99.
Du Puy, _see_ Puy, Du.
Ecouen, Château of, 125.
Eleanor, sister of Charles V., Queen-Dowager of Portugal, Queen of
France, 50, 59.
Elizabeth, Princess, daughter of Henry VIII. and Anne Boleyn, 94,
102-103.
Emblems, Alciati’s Book of, 198, _ibid._, _note_ 1, 228-231, 228,
_notes_ 1-4, 231, _notes_ 1 _and_ 2.
Embrun, Archbishop of, _see_ Tournon, François de.
Epitaph of Gaucher I. de Dinteville, 51.
Epitaph of George de Selve, 190.
Erasmus, 43, _ibid._, _note_ 3, 231, _note_ 3.
Ercole II. d’Este, _see_ Este.
Escars, Susanne d’, wife of Charles de Cazillac, Baron de Cessac, 15.
Esmon, Mademoiselle de, 136.
Este, Alfonso I. d’, Duke of Ferrara, 209.
Este, Ercole II. d’, Duke of Ferrara, 45, 115, _note_ 3, 159, _note_
1, 168.
Este, Leonora d’, 45.
Etampes, Duchesse d’ (Anne de Pisseleu), 112-113, 117-121, 184,
_note_ 1.
Evelyn, John, 15, _note_ 5.
Evreux, Hotel d’, 30, _ibid._, _note_ 3.
Falconry, 55, 56, 80.
Falier, Lodovico, Venetian Ambassador in England, 66.
Farnese, Alessandro, Cardinal, 164.
Faur, Du, 157, _note_ 2.
Ferdinand, King of Hungary, 41.
Ferrara, 67, 115, 116, 158, _note_ 3, 159.
Ferrara, Dukes of, _see_ Este.
Ferrara, Duchess of, _see_ Renée.
Fisher, John, Bishop of Rochester, 100-101, 104.
Fitzwilliam, Sir William, Treasurer of the Household to Henry VIII.,
71, 74.
Flanders, 109, 176, 177, _ibid._, _note_ 1, 178, 186.
Fleece, Order of the, 207.
Fleet, the river, 67-69.
Flutes, Case of, in picture of “Ambassadors,” 203, 232.
Fontainebleau, 120, 125, 126, 127, 135, 197.
Fontaines, page of Louis de Dinteville, 60.
Fontenilles, _see_ Roche, De la.
Forestmontier, 11, 123.
Fortespice, vassal of the Comte de Vaudemont, 37.
Fortune, emblems of, at Polisy, 130-132.
Four, Rue du (at Paris), 21.
France, Collège de, _see_ Collège Royal.
France, Kings of, _see_ Charles, Francis, Henri, Louis.
Franche-Comté, 16, _ibid._, _note_ 2, 139, _note_ 2.
Francis I., King of France, 10, 11, 19, 40-47, 50, 52, 53, _note_
2, 54-62, 64, 65, 72, 73, 76, 78-81, 89-98, 99-102, 104, 105,
107-110, 111, 112, 114-122, 125-128, 134, 145-150, 156, 157,
162, 163, 165-167, 172, 173, 175-182, 186, 187, 192, 197, 199,
207, 209, 214.
Francis II., King of France, 207, _note_ 1.
François, The Dauphin, eldest son of Francis I., 39, 40, 42, 50, 52,
53, 62, 103, 106, 107, 112, _ibid._, _note_ 1.
Gabarre, 42.
Gardiner, Stephen, Bishop of Winchester, 102, 103, 105.
Garter, Order of the, 61, 207.
Gaucher de Dinteville, _see_ Dinteville.
Genevois, Le, _see_ Le Genevois.
Genoa, 101, 214.
Geometry, 225, 227, 232, 233, 235.
Germany, 41, 45-47, 89, 136, 172, 214, 219.
St. Géry, Château of, 25, _note_ 2.
St. Géry, Rey de, _see_ Rey.
Ghent, 175, 177, 178.
Globe, Celestial, in picture of “Ambassadors,” 202, 209-210, 232.
Globe, Terrestrial, in picture of “Ambassadors,” 202, 210-218, 228,
232, 235.
Godefroy family, The, 14, 18.
Godefroy papers (Bibl. de l’Institut), 18, 20.
Grammont, Gabriel de, Bishop of Tarbes, Cardinal, 62, 64-65, 71, 72,
91, 92, 146.
Grand-Maître, _see_ Montmorency.
Grand-Seigneur (the Turk), _see_ Solyman II.
Grand Veneur de France, _see_ Dinteville, Jacques de.
Granvella, Cardinal (Nic. Perrenot, minister of Charles V.), 186-188.
Greenwich, 70, 71, 84, 94-95.
Grenoble, 136, 233, _note_ 3.
Grignan, French Ambassador at Rome, 114-115.
Gryphe or Gryphius, printer of Lyons, 131-132, 198.
Guénégaud, Henri Du Plessis, Marquis de Plancy, 25, _note_ 1.
Guénégaud, Roger de, 24, 25, _note_ 1.
Guildford, Sir Henry, Comptroller of the Household to Henry VIII., 74.
Guise, Claude de Lorraine, Duke of, 113.
Guise, Duke of, 16.
Guise, The, 134, _note_ 3.
Gyze, Gisze, Gyes, George, 75, _note_ 3;
_see also_ _Appendix A_, p. 239.
Hagenau, Diet of (1540), 174.
Hague, The, 184, 185.
Hargerie, Seigneur de La, 93.
Hellin, French resident at Brussels, 177, _ibid._, _note_ 2.
Henri, successively Duke of Orleans, Dauphin, and Henri II., King of
France, 10, 42, 54, 59, 60, 61-62, 72, 96, 99, 112, _ibid._,
_note_ 2, 113, 114, 120, 121, 123, 127, 132, 134, _note_ 2,
136, _ibid._, _note_ 2, 137, 184, _note_ 1, 207, _note_ 1.
Henry VIII., King of England, 8, 20, 40, 42, 47, 48, 50, 56-58,
60-63, 67-74, 76, 78-82, 83, 88, 89-90, 93-98, 100-102, 104-109.
Henry, Count of Nassau, Grand Chamberlain of Charles V., 52, _note_
2, 213.
Hermes’ wings, 131-132, 231, _note_ 2.
Hermeticism (Hermetic Art), 132, 233.
Hesse, Philip, Landgrave of, 99.
HOLBEIN, HANS, THE YOUNGER, 1, 5-7, _ibid._, _note_ 1, 8, _note_ 2,
9, 10, _ibid._, _note_ 3, 11, 13, 19, _ibid._, _note_ 3, 20-22,
26, 31-32, 35, 41, 43, _note_ 3, 56, 74-78, 134, _note_ 3,
139, 140, 198, 199, 202, 203-206, 208, 209, _note_ 3, 211-212,
215-218, 220-221, 224-227, 230, 235-236.
—— “Dance of Death,” 203-204.
—— Design for the “Arms of Death,” 203-204, 207.
—— —— for the Order of St. Michael, 209, _note_ 3.
—— —— after, for a Dagger-sheath, 206.
—— Drawing at Dresden, of Morette, 140.
—— —— —— Windsor, supposed to represent Dinteville, 139, _ibid._,
_note_ 2, 140.
—— Engravings after, by Hollar, _see_ Hollar.
—— Portraits by:
The “Ambassadors,” _see under that head_.
Born, Derick, 76, _note_ 1.
Buttes, Dr., 74.
Cromwell, Thomas, 74.
Erasmus, 43, _note_ 3.
Fitzwilliam, Sir William, 74.
Guildford, Sir Henry, 74.
Gyze or Gisze, Georg, 75, _note_ 2, _Appendix A_ (pp. 239-240).
Kratzer, Nicolas, 74, 75, _note_ 1, 224, _ibid._, _note_ 4.
Milan, Christina, Duchess of, 91, _note_ 1.
More, Sir Thomas, 75.
More family, 75.
Morette, Comte de, 42, _note_ 7, 140, 201, _note_ 1.
Norfolk, Duke of, 74.
Steelyard Merchants, 75.
Tybis, Derick, 76, _note_ 1.
Warham, Archbishop of Canterbury, 74.
Holland, 184.
Hollar, Wenzel, 140.
Holy Ghost, Order of the, 207, _note_ 1.
Hospice (now Hôpital) Beaujon, 30, _ibid._, _note_ 2.
Howard, Lord William, 85, _ibid._, _note_ 4, 87-88
Hozier, D’, 14, 24, _note_ 1, 53, _note_ 2.
Humanists, the French, 45 _et seq._
Hungary, Ferdinand, King of, _see_ Ferdinand.
Hungary, John Zapolski, King of, _see_ Zapolski.
Hymn-book, in picture of “Ambassadors,” 151, 173, 202, 214, 219-223,
228, 235.
Instruments, Geometrical, in picture of “Ambassadors,” 202, 224-225,
232, 233, 235.
Italian artists employed in France, 125-127, 128, 129-130.
Iversay, M. d’, 122.
Ivoy, 122-123.
Jaucourt, Pierre de, 36.
John, King of England, 69.
St. John of Jerusalem, Order of, 39, 53, 54, 57, 67, 68, 213.
Joinville, 116, 121.
Julyot, Hubert, 128.
Katherine of Aragon, Queen of England, 57, 63, _ibid._, _note_ 2, 69,
83, 89, 94, 104.
Kingston, 102.
Kratzer, Nicolas, astronomer to Henry VIII., 74, 75, _ibid._, _note_
2, 222, 224, 225.
Laigne, river, 36, 128, 129.
Lamoignon (place), 29.
Lamoignon, Chrétien de, Marquis de Basville, 29.
Lamoignon, Chrétien-François (II.) de, Marquis de Basville et de
Milhars, Président _à mortier_ of the Parliament of Paris,
Garde des Sceaux, 29, _ibid._, _note_ 1, 30-31, 32.
Langey, _see_ Bellay, Guillaume Du.
Languedoc, 14, 16, 17, 23, 24, 26, 27, 29, 31, 150, 153, 213.
Lavaur (Lavor, La Vaur), Bishops of, _see_ Buxi, Danès, Selve.
Lavaur, Cathedral of, 170.
Le Brun, Jean-Batiste-Pierre, 5-6, 10, 31, 32.
Lefèvre d’Etaples, Jacques, 43, _ibid._, _note_ 1, 44, 47.
Le Genevois, Charles, Marquis de Blaigny, 16, 26.
Le Genevois, Marie Renée, wife of François Voisin, subsequently
Marquise de Milhars, 26-29, 31-32.
Leland, John, 6-7.
Lesches, in Brie, 53.
Liancourt, Madame de, 135, _ibid._, _note_ 1.
Liancourt, Seigneur de, _see_ Plessis, Du.
Limoges, 24, _note_ 1, 144.
Lionardo da Vinci, 126, _note_ 3.
L’Isle-Adam, Philippe de Villiers, Grand Master of the Knights of St
John of Jerusalem, 54, 59.
Loches, 176.
London, 57, 63, 66-71, 75, 76, 92, 102;
description of (1531), 70;
Mayor of (Sir Stephen Pecock), 88;
Tower of, 84.
Longford Castle, 6, _ibid._, _note_ 2, 32.
Longueval, M. de, 122.
Lorraine, Claude de, Duke of Guise, 113.
Lorraine, Dukedom of, 37.
Louise of Savoy, Duchess of Angoulême, mother of Francis I., 40, 42,
_ibid._, _note_ 5, 43, 45, 55, 56, 148-149, 233.
Low Countries, The, _see_ Netherlands.
Lunden, Bishop of (John Vesalius, Archbishop of Linden), 172.
Lute, in picture of “Ambassadors,” 202, 227-231, 232, 235.
Luther, 46, 219, _ibid._, _note_ 3.
Lutheran Hymn-book in picture of “Ambassadors,” _see_ Hymn-book.
Lutherans (Luthériens), 45, 46, 49, 65, 89, 172, 181, 222.
Lützelburger, Hans, 204.
Luxemburg, Duchy of, 116.
Lyencourt, _see_ Liancourt.
Lyons, 93, 99, 105, 107, 108, 131-132, 136, 155, 198, 204, 213.
Mablisteyn, Sir John, 57.
Mâcon, Charles de Hémard, Bishop of, Cardinal, 161-165, 163, _note_
2, 199-200.
Madeleine, daughter of Francis I., subsequently Queen of Scotland, 99.
Madrid, 40, 146.
Madrid, Château of (near Paris), 125, 126.
Madrid, Treaty of, 41, 50, 146, 213.
Magellan, 212.
Magic, 234, _ibid._, _notes_ 1 _and_ 2.
Maison de l’Aûmonier (Polisy), 130-133, 130, _note_ 1, 198, 233.
Maison du Chapeaufort (Paris), 20, 21.
Malta, 54.
Mantua, 116.
Manuzio, Paolo, 157.
Maraviglia, _see_ Merveilles.
Marck, Cardinal La, 109, 234.
Mareuil, Pierre de, Bishop of Lavaur, 113, 117-121.
Marguerite d’Angoulême, successively Duchesse d’Alençon and Queen of
Navarre, sister of Francis I., 42, _ibid._, _note_ 3, 43-45,
98, 153-154.
Marguerite, Princess, daughter of Francis I., 99.
Marignan, Battle of, 144.
Marseilles, meeting of Francis I. and Clement VII. at, 72, 78, 89,
93-94, 95-96, 99.
Mary, ex-Queen of France, sister of Henry VIII., wife of Charles
Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, 90.
Mary, Queen-Dowager of Hungary, Regent of the Netherlands, sister of
Charles V., 109, 177, _ibid._, _note_ 1.
Mary, Princess, daughter of Henry VIII. and Katherine of Aragon, 94,
103.
Mass, placards against, 104.
Maurice of Saxony, 136.
Mechanics, 55, 137, 235.
Melanchthon, André, 46.
Melanchthon, Philip, 46, 48, 158, _note_ 3, 210, _note_ 3.
Mergey, Catherine de, 133.
Mergey, Jean de, 133-134, 134, _note_ 1.
Merveilles or Maraviglia, French agent at Milan, 90-93, 90, _note_ 4,
230.
Mesmes, Jean-Antoine de, Conte d’Avaux, ambassador, 27, 28, 31.
Mesmes, Jean-Antoine de, Conte d’Avaux, Premier Président of the
Parliament of Paris, 27, 28, _ibid._, _note_ 1, 29, 31.
Mesmes, Jean-Jacques de, Conte d’Avaux, Président _à mortier_ of the
Parliament of Paris, 27, 31.
Mesmes, Marie-Thérèse de, wife of François de la Roche, Marquis de
Fontenilles, 27, _ibid._, _note_ 1, 28, 31.
Metals, transmutation of, 233.
St. Michael, Order of (Ordre du Roi), 7-8, 42, 53, _ibid._, _note_
2, 61, _ibid._, _note_ 1, 200, 201, 207-209, _notes_ 207-209.
Milan, city of, 198, _ibid._, _note_ 1, 228, _note_ 1, 230, 231,
_note_ 3.
Milan, Duchy of, 67, 73, 90-92, 96, 101, 144, 163, 166, 176-179, 184,
_note_ 1, 186, 187, 228, _note_ 4.
Milan, Francesco Sforza, Duke of, 41, 90-93, 228, _note_ 4, 229, 230.
Milan, Maximilian, Duke of, 228, _note_ 4, 229.
Milhars, Château of, 17, 23, _ibid._, _note_ 3, 24, 25, _ibid._,
_note_ 2, 26-29, 31-32.
Milhars, Marquis de, _see_ Voisin, François.
Milhars, Marquise de, _see_ Le Genevois, Marie Renée.
Mirandola, La, 115, 167, _ibid._, _note_ 2.
Mirandola, La, Pico, Count of, 167.
Modena, 167, 209.
Modena, Niccolò da, 126.
Mons, 177.
Montecuculli, Count Sebastiano di, 107-108, 112, _note_ 1.
Montier-Aramey, abbey of, 117-119.
Montierender, abbey of, 55, 134.
Montier-la-Celle, abbey of, 117-121, 135, _ibid._, _note_ 2.
Montier-sur-Saulx, 116.
Montmorency, Anne de, successively Maréchal, Grand-Maître, and
Connétable de France, 39, 42, _ibid._, _note_ 7, 43, 44, 48-49,
53, 54, 55, 59, 61, 64, 65, 77, 79, 80, 83, 97, 98, 100, 113,
115, 125, 126, _ibid._, _note_ 1, 146, 150, 153, 154, 161, 162,
164, 165, 171, 176, 177, 184, 185, 186, 188, 198, 213.
Montmorency, church of, 51.
Montmorency, Madame de (Madame la Connétable), 135, _ibid._, _note_ 3.
Montpesat, Antoine des Prez, Seigneur de, French ambassador in
England, 42, _note_ 7, 63.
Montreuil, Madame de, 39-40, 42-43, 118.
Montreuil, seigneurie, 40.
More, Sir Thomas, 43, _note_ 3, 74, 75, _ibid._, _note_ 1, 76,
100-101, 104.
Morette, Charles de Solier, Comte de, French hostage, subsequently
ambassador, in England, 42, _note_ 7, 63, _note_ 1, 140, 201,
_note_ 1.
Mosaic Pavement, in picture of “Ambassadors,” 203, 225-227, 233.
—— Westminster Abbey, 225-227.
Motte de Tilly, De la, 136, _ibid._, _note_ 1.
_See also_ Raguier.
Motto of the Dinteville family, 130, 132, 231, _note_ 3.
Mottoes concerning Death, 206-207.
Mottoes on weapons, 205, 206.
Music, 197, 219, 221, 223, 229, 232, 235.
Naples, 51, 116.
Nassau, Henry, Count of, 52, _note_ 2, 213.
National Gallery, The, 1, 5-6, 31-32.
Navarre, College of (University of Paris), 56.
Navarre, Henri d’Albret, King of, 42, _ibid._, _note_ 3.
Navarre, Marguerite d’Angoulême, Queen of, _see_ Marguerite.
Nérac, 44.
Netherlands (Low Countries), 109, 127, 163, 176, 177, 179, 185, 186,
187, 188.
Niccolò dell’ Abate, or, da Modena, 126.
Nice, meeting of Francis I., Charles V., and Paul III. at, 164, 166,
179.
Nice, Truce of, 166.
Nichols, John Gough, 6, _ibid._, _note_ 5, 7, _ibid._, _note_ 2.
Norfolk, Duchess of, 85, _ibid._, _note_ 1.
Norfolk, Thomas Howard, second Duke of, Lord Treasurer and Earl
Marshal, 61, 70, _note_ 5, 71, 74, 77, 78, 81, 85, _ibid._,
_note_ 4, 93, 94, 98, 102.
Nuncio, the Papal, in England (Antonio de Pulleo, Baron de Burgo),
71, 73, 82.
Nuncio, the Papal, in France, 165.
Nuremberg, 210, _note_ 3, 211, 214, 233.
Occult Sciences, in picture of “Ambassadors,” 232-235.
—— Agrippa’s Key to, 234, _ibid._, _note_ 2.
“Opus Alexandrinum,” _see_ Mosaic Pavement.
Orange, Prince and Princess of, 188.
Orders of Knighthood, _see_ Fleece, Garter, Holy Ghost, St. John of
Jerusalem, St. Michael.
Orleans, Dukes of, _see_ Henri, Charles.
Orleans, University of, 145.
Ouschamps, Seigneur of, _see_ Plessis, Du.
Padua, University of, 56, 115, 157, _ibid._, _note_ 2, 158, _notes_ 1
_and_ 2, 159.
Paris, 15, 18-21, 22, 23, _ibid._, _note_ 1, 27, 29, _ibid._, _note_
1, 31, 37, 42, 43, _note_ 2, 50, 55, 115, 119, 125, 126,
_ibid._, _note_ 1, 143, 144, 146, 153, 176, 213.
Paris, Bishop of, _see_ Bellay, Jean Du.
Paris, Premier Président of the Parliament of, _see_ Mesmes, Selve.
Paris, President _à mortier_ of the Parliament of, _see_ Lamoignon,
Mesmes.
Paris, University of, 39, 46, 56, 144, 145, 157, _note_ 2.
Parma, 96.
St. Paul’s, old Cathedral of, 67.
Paul III., Pope, 100, _ibid._, _note_ 2, 101, 104, 108-109, 116,
156, 162-166, 168, 174.
Pavement, Mosaic, _see_ Mosaic Pavement.
Pavement, tesselated, at Polisy, 129-130.
Pavia, battle of, 40, 48.
Pavia, University of, 231, _note_ 3.
Perrine, La, _see_ Plessis, Du.
Philip of Spain, 184, _note_ 1.
Piacenza, 96.
Piedmont, invaded by the French, 104.
Pirkheimer, 233.
Pithou, Pierre, advocate of Troyes, 47.
Plessis, Anne Du (Madame de Polisy), wife of Gaucher I. de
Dinteville, mother of Jean the “Ambassador,” 38, 51, 52, 53,
60, 63, _ibid._, _note_ 4, 114, _note_ 2, 134, 135, _note_ 1.
Plessis, Benjamin Du, son of Guillaume, Seigneur de Liancourt, 135,
_ibid._, _note_ 2.
Plessis, Charles Du, Seigneur of Savonnières, Ouschamps, and La
Perrine, uncle of Dinteville the “Ambassador,” 135-136, 135,
_note_ 1.
Plessis, Guillaume de, Seigneur of Liancourt, uncle of Dinteville the
“Ambassador,” 135, _note_ 1.
Plessis, Jean Du, the elder, Seigneur of Ouschamps and La Perrine,
maternal grandfather of Dinteville the “Ambassador,” 38.
Plessis, Jean Du, the younger (“the young Savonnières”), 114-115, 135.
Plessis, Le, seigneurie, 60.
Plessis-Praslin, Maréchal Du, subsequently Duc de Choiseul, 17, 19,
21.
Plutarch’s “Lives,” 145-146.
Poitiers, Diane de, 112.
Poitiers, University of, 56, 145.
Poland, Sigismund, King of, 41, 214.
Pole, Reginald, Cardinal, 108-109, 158, _ibid._, _note_ 1, 159, 161,
169, 174, _ibid._, _note_ 1.
Polisy, Château and Seigneurie of, 8, 10-12, 14-17, 18-21, 31, 36,
37, 38, 40, 41, 50, 60, 63, _note_ 4, 111, 113, 121, 124, 125,
127-133, _ibid._, _various notes_, 134, 135, 138, 139, _note_
2, 171, 197, 198, 213, _ibid._, _note_ 2, 214, 216, _ibid._,
_note_ 1.
Polisy, Madame de, _see_ Plessis, Anne Du.
Polisy, M. de, _see_ Dinteville, Jean de.
Polonia, 213, 214.
Pomponne, Marquis de, 25, _note_ 1.
Pont, Jean Du, a “busy friar,” 110.
Potz, M. de Villiers les, Bailly of Dijon, 117-118.
“Presbyter Joannes” (Prester John), 217;
_see also_ _Appendix B_, page 241.
Primaticcio, Francesco, 126-130.
Puy, Du, 14.
St. Quentin, 176.
Quercy, 17, 24.
Rabelais, 48.
Radnor, Jacob, second Earl of, 6.
Radnor, William, fifth Earl of, 5, _note_ 1.
Raguier family, 47.
Raguier, Louis, Seigneur de la Motte de Tilly, 136, _note_ 1.
Ratisbon, Diet held at (1541), 174.
Reformers, French, 43-49, 104.
Régennes, Château of (Diocese of Auxerre), 137.
Renaissance, French, 127, 129, 235.
Renée of France, successively Duchess of Chartres and of Ferrara,
daughter of Louis XII., 43, _note_ 1, 45, _ibid._, _note_ 2,
115, _ibid._, _note_ 3, 159, _ibid._, _notes_ 1 _and_ 2, 209,
_note_ 2, 233, _note_ 2.
Rey de St. Géry, family of, 25, _note_ 2, 29, 32.
Rhodes, Knights of, _see_ St. John of Jerusalem, Knights of.
Richmond, Henry, Duke of, 94.
Riez, Bishop of (François II. de Dinteville), 56.
Robbia, Girolamo della, 126, 129.
“Robe courte” and “Robe longue,” 143, 199-200, 199, _note_ 1.
Robes of peers and peeresses, 87, _ibid._, _note_ 1.
Roche, François I. de la, Conte and Marquis de Fontenilles, 26, 27,
31.
Roche, François II. de la, Marquis de Fontenilles, 25, 27, 28, 29, 31.
Roche, Jean-Jaques de, Baron de Fontenilles, 15, 26.
Rochepot, La, Anne de Montmorency, Seigneur de, 42, _note_ 7.
Rochepot, La, François de Montmorency, Seigneur de, 42, _note_ 7.
Rochford, George Boleyn, Viscount, brother of Anne Boleyn, 94.
Rodez, Georges d’Armagnac, Bishop of, 156, 167.
Romans, 165.
Rome, 48, 49, 51, 55, 57, 59, _ibid._, _note_ 2, 60, 62, 64, 79, 82,
89, 109, 114, 115, 116, 156, 158, _note_ 3, 161, _note_ 5, 162,
163, 169, 179, 199, 213.
Rosso, Il, 125-126.
Roussel, Gérard, 44, _ibid._, _note_ 1.
Russell, Sir Giles, commander of Battisford and Dingley, 57.
Sadoleto, Jacopo, Bishop of Carpentras, Cardinal, 158, _ibid._,
_note_ 3, 159, 174, _note_ 1.
St. Alain, Cathedral of (Lavaur), 170.
St. Dizier, 128.
St. Géry, Château of, 25, _note_ 2.
St. Géry, Rey de, _see_ Rey.
St. John of Jerusalem, Order of, 39, 53, 54, 57, 67, 68, 213.
St. Michael, Order of (Ordre du Roi), 7-8, 53, _ibid._, _note_ 2,
61, _ibid._, _note_ 1, 200, 201, 207-209, _notes_ 207-209.
St. Quentin, 176.
St. Simon, 27, _note_ 1.
Sainte-Marthe brothers, 13, 14.
Saluce (Saluzzo), Marquis de, 59.
Saveuse, M. de, Bailly of Amiens, 185, _note_ 1.
Savona, 166.
Savonnières, _see_ Plessis, Du.
Saxonia, 213, 214.
Saxony, Elector of, 41, 214.
Schöner, Johann, of Carlstadt, 210, _ibid._, _note_ 3, 211.
Science, Occult, in picture of “Ambassadors,” 138, 232-235.
Scotland (Escoce), 81, _ibid._, _notes_ 1 _and_ 2, 95, 98.
Seine, river, 36, 128.
Selve, François de, ambassador at Constantinople, brother of the
Bishop of Lavaur, 145, _note_ 2.
SELVE, GEORGE DE, BISHOP OF LAVAUR (subject of Holbein’s portrait).
Birth and lineage, 143;
education, 144-146;
Bishop of Lavaur, 13, 147, _ibid._, _note_ 2;
Diet of Spires (1529), 151, _ibid._, _note_ 2, 219, 222;
visit to England (1533), 11, 19, 20, 77-80, 154, 202, 235-236;
ambassador at Venice (1534-1537), 154, 156-161;
at Rome (1537-1538), 161-166;
interlude at Lavaur, 169-175;
addresses and orations, 152, 170-174, 179-182;
ambassador with the Emperor (1539-1540), 175-188;
last days at Lavaur, 188-190;
death, 190.
—— His portrait by Holbein (“Ambassadors”), 1, 10-11, 19, 20,
77-78, 202;
_see also under “Ambassadors.”_
—— Posthumous portrait at Villiers, 192.
Selve, Jean de, Premier Président of the Parliament of Paris, father
of the Bishop of Lavaur, 9, 11, 13, 19, 20, 143-147, 148-150,
153-154.
Selve, Jean de, Abbé of Saint Vigor, brother of the Bishop of Lavaur,
145, _note_ 2.
Selve, Jean-Paul de, Bishop of Saint-Flour, ambassador at Rome,
brother of the Bishop of Lavaur, 145, _note_ 2, 193.
Selve, Lazare de, ambassador in Switzerland, eldest brother of the
Bishop of Lavaur, 145, _note_ 2.
Selve, Odet de, Président du Grand Conseil, ambassador in England,
at Venice, and at Rome, brother of the Bishop of Lavaur, 145,
_note_ 2, 159, 191, 192.
“Selve, M. de,” 5, 7, 8, 22.
Servia, 213-214.
Sesac, _see_ Cazillac.
Seven Liberal Arts, The, _see_ Arts, the Seven Liberal.
Sévigné, Madame de, 25, _note_ 1.
Sforza, Francesco, Duke of Milan, 41, 90-93, 228, _note_ 4, 229, 230.
Sienna (Senes), 37, 52.
Sigismund, King of Poland, 41, 214.
Sinus Adriaticus, 213, 214.
Skull in picture of “Ambassadors,” _see_ Death’s-head.
Sleidan, Johann, 46.
“Solomon’s Seal” (double triangle), 227, 233.
Solyman II., the Grand Turk, 40-41, 61, 72, 73, 136, 156-157, 163,
214.
Sorbonne, The, 44, 144, 145.
Spain (Espagne), 52, 164, 176, 201, _note_ 2, 213.
Spain, Infanta of (Mary of Castile, daughter of Charles V.), 166,
176, 177, 178, 179, 184, _note_ 1.
Spires, Diet of (1529), 151-153, _ibid._, _note_ 1, 219, 222.
Square, in picture of “Ambassadors,” 203, 232, 233.
Steelyard, The, 75, 76, _ibid._, _note_ 1, 224, _Appendix A_
(239-240).
Stevens, Mr. Henry, of Vermont, 210, _ibid._, _note_ 3.
Sturm, Johann, rector of Strasburg University, 46.
Suffolk, Charles Brandon, Duke of, 85, _ibid._, _note_ 3, 87-88, 90.
Supremacy, Act of, 100.
Switzerland, 38, 145, _note_ 2.
Tarbes, Bishop of, _see_ Castelnau.
Thames, river, 67, 68, 70, 71.
Théligny, Mademoiselle de, 118.
Thennelières, 38, 50, 51, _note_ 2, 54.
Toledo, 146.
Tournelle, M. de la, 79, _ibid._, _note_ 2.
Tournon, François de, successively Archbishop of Embrun, of Bourges,
etc., Cardinal, 62, 64-65, 71, 72, 91-92, 136, 146, 153, 164.
Tower of London, The, 84, 105.
Transylvania, Waiwode of, _see_ Zapolski.
Trent, Council of, 182, 183, _ibid._, _note_ 1.
Trivulzi, Cardinal, 164-165.
Troyes, 17, 38, 39, 42, 47, 51, 52, 56, 99-100, 127, _ibid._, _note_
1, 128, 138.
Troyes, The Bailly of, _see_ Dinteville, Jean de.
Troyes, Baillies of, belonging to Dinteville family, 37-38, 41, 52,
138.
Troyes, College of, 39, 56, 134.
“Turk,” The, _see_ Solyman.
Tybis, Derick, 76, _note_ 1.
Urbino, 96.
Valence, 165.
Vanlay, Seigneur de, _see_ Dinteville, Gaucher II. de.
Varzy, 137, _note_ 1.
Vaudemont, Comte de, 37.
Vaulx, Seigneur de, 93.
Vély, Sieur de, _see_ Dodieu.
Venice, 9, 67, 72, 85, 154, 156-161, 167.
Venier, Marco Antonio, Venetian ambassador in England, 67.
Vic, Méry de, Garde des Sceaux, 19, _ibid._, _note_ 5.
Villiers-les-Potz, M. de, Bailly of Dijon, 117-118.
Villiers-par-Cerny, Château of, 13, _ibid._, _note_ 2, 148, _note_ 1,
193-194.
Voisin, François, Marquis de Bougueval, subsequently Marquis de
Milhars, husband of Marie-Renée Le Genevois, 27, 28, 29, 31.
Voisin, Marie-Renée, Marquise de Milhars, _see_ Le Genevois.
Waiwode, _see_ Zapolski.
Wallop, Sir John, English ambassador in France, 105.
Walther’s “Gesangbuch,” 219-223.
Ware, Richard, Abbot of Westminster, 225.
Warham, William, Archbishop of Canterbury, 43, _note_ 3, 74.
Westminster Abbey, 70, _ibid._, _note_ 3, 86, 225, 227.
—— Mosaic Pavement of, _see_ Mosaic Pavement.
Westminster Hall, 87, _ibid._, _notes_ 2 _and_ 3, 88.
—— Palace, 69, 70, 71, 86.
Weston, Sir William, Prior of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, 57,
67, _ibid._, _note_ 2.
Weston, Young, 57, 105.
Whitehall, 69, _note_ 2.
Wiltshire, Countess of, mother of Anne Boleyn, 85, _ibid._, _note_ 2.
Winchester, 102.
Winchester, Bishop of, _see_ Gardiner, Stephen.
Winkfield, Thomas, comptroller of the king’s works at Dover, 110.
Wolmar, Melchior, 46.
Wolsey, Cardinal, 42, 67, 69.
Woltmann, Dr., 6.
Wornum, Ralph Nicholson, 6.
Wurtemberg, Duke of, 99.
Wyat, Sir Thomas, 6, 7, _ibid._, _note_ 2, 178, _ibid._, _note_ 3.
York Place (Whitehall), 69, 71.
York, see of, 69.
Zapolski, John, Waiwode of Transylvania, King of Hungary, 41.
CHISWICK PRESS: PRINTED BY CHARLES WHITTINGHAM AND CO. TOOKS COURT,
CHANCERY LANE, LONDON.
ERRATA
Transcriber’s Note: The errata have been corrected.
P. 11, note 3, line 4 from bottom, _for_ “d’Intevile” _read_
“d’Inteville.”
P. 36, line 7 from top, _for_ “de Jaucourt” _read_ “Jaucourt.”
P. 47, line 8 from top, _for_ “these” (second time) _read_ “them.”
P. 57, line 2 from bottom, _for_ “De la Pommeraye” _read_ “La Pommeraye.”
P. 72, lines 7 and 9 from bottom, _for_ “Henry” _read_ “Henri.”
P. 76, note 1, _for_ “from Lucca, a letter consisting chiefly of foreign
political news,” _read_ “various papers.”
P. 78, note 2, _for_ “Bishop of Troyes” _read_ “Bailly of Troyes.”
P. 82, line 3 from top, _dele_ “Campeggio.”
P. 96, line 4 from top, _for_ “Henry” _read_ “Henri.”
P. 96, line 5 from top, _for_ “of Medicis” _read_ “de’ Medici.”
P. 96, line 10 from bottom, _for_ “France” _read_ “Francis.”
P. 109, line 14 from top, _for_ “Margaret” _read_ “Mary.”
P. 125, line 13 from bottom, _for_ “Chenonceau” _read_ “Chenonceaux.”
P. 129, line 4 from bottom, _for_ “tessellated” _read_ “tesselated.”
P. 130, beneath illustration, _ibid._
P. 145, line 3 from bottom, _for_ “five” _read_ “six.”
P. 174, line 13 from top, _for_ “(1540)” _read_ “(1541).”
P. 199, line 3 from top, _for_ “study of symbols” _read_ “symbolism.”
P. 233, note 3, _for_ “de la Mark,” _read_ “La Marck.”