T. napus.
T. pugillaris.
T. rapa.
T. pyrum.
T. leucozonalis.
T. cingulifera.
T. mitis.
T. infundibulum.
T. lineata.
T. triserialis.
T. ocellata.
T. rustica.
T. polygonia.
T. carinifera.
T. rhinoceros.
T. cornigera.
T. ceramica.
T. capitella.
T. globulus.
T. craticulata.
T. nassatula.
T. variolaris.
4. Genus _Cancellaria_. Pl. XI.
_Animal._ See _Purpura_, hereafter.
_Shell._ Oval or globular, wrinkled; spire middling and pointed;
aperture wide, ovate, grooved, and sometimes canaliculated anteriorly;
the right edge concave and trenchant; the left nearly straight and
marked in the middle with two or three folds; operculum horny. Inhabits
the Indian Ocean. One species only is found in America. Forty-nine
living species. Twenty fossil.
Cancellaria crispa.
C. costifera.
C. articularis.
C. brevis.
C. pusilla.
C. bullata.
C. tuberculosa.
C. pulchra.
C. cancellata.
C. similis.
C. chrysostoma.
C. rugosa.
C. hæmastoma.
C. rigida.
C. costata.
C. goniostoma.
C. trigonostoma.
C. levigata.
C. spirata.
C. obliquata.
C. scalata.
C. contabulata.
C. crenifera.
C. scalarina.
C. littoriniformis.
C. elegans.
C. asperella.
C. oblonga.
C. tesselata.
C. nodulifera.
C. cassidiformis.
C. Australis.
C. reticulata.
C. candida.
C. ovata.
C. Obesa.
C. acuminata.
C. solida.
C. gemmulata.
C. decussata.
C. indentata.
C. alba.
C. clavatula.
C. uniplicata.
C. mitriformis.
C. tritonis.
C. granosa.
C. piscatoria.
· · · · ·
C. buccinoides.*
5. Genus _Fasciolaria_. Pl. XI.
_Animal._ Entirely unknown.
_Shell._ Separated from the Murex on account of having no varix fusiform
or subfusiform; spire middling; aperture oval, elongated, nearly
symmetrical, terminated by a rather long, straight tube, the external
edge trenchant, the columellar edge having two or three oblique folds.
Inhabits the Indian Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Eight living species.
Seven fossil.
Fasciolaria trapezium.
F. aurantica.
F. filamentosa.
F. coronata.
F. ferruginea.
F. tarentina.
F. tulipa.
F. distans.
6. Genus _Fusus_. Pl. XI.
_Animal._ Entirely unknown.
_Shell._ With an epidermis, wrinkled, fusiform or dilated in the middle,
prolonged posteriorly by the spire, and still more so anteriorly by the
canal; aperture oval; the columellar edge straight or nearly so, the
exterior trenchant; a horny and oval operculum. Inhabits the Indian and
American seas. Forty-six living species. Thirty-seven fossil.
Fusus aculeiformis.
F. contrarius.
F. longissimus.
F. laticosta.
F. collosseus.
F. tuberculatus.
F. distans.
F. incrassatus.
F. sulcatus.
F. despectus.
F. proboscidiferus.
F. morio.
F. cochlidium.
F. raphanus.
F. polygonoides.
F. lignarius.
F. strigosus.
F. crebricostatus.
F. colus.
F. Nicobaricus.
F. tortulosus.
F. multicarinatus.
F. antiquirus.
F. carinatus.
F. Islandicus.
F. coronatus.
F. corona.
F. filosus.
F. verruculatus.
F. Syracusanus.
F. varius.
F. afer.
F. rubens.
F. Nifat.
F. buccinatus.
F. scalarinus.
F. curvirostris.
F. inconstans.
F. sinistralis.
F. articulatus.
· · · · ·
F. pleurotomarius.*
F. harpularis.*
F. cinereus.*
F. fluviatilis.*
F. decemcostatus.*
F. bicolor.*
7. Genus _Pyrula_. Pl. XI.
_Animal._ Unknown.
_Shell._ Pyriform on account of the depression of the spire, which
distinguishes it from the Fusus; the canal conical, very long or
middling, sometimes a little sloped; aperture oval, rather large; the
columella edge somewhat excavated, entire and trenchant; an operculum.
Found in the Northern and American seas. Twenty-nine living species. Six
fossil.
Pyrula salmo.
P. carica.
P. candelabrum.
P. tuba.
P. melongena.
P. ficus.
P. spirata.
P. elongata.
P. bezoar.
P. angulata.
P. nodosa.
P. abbreviata.
P. deformis.
P. lineata.
P. plicata.
P. canaliculata.
P. perversa.
P. bucephala.
P. vespertilio.
P. reticulata.
P. ficoides.
P. spirillus.
P. ternatana.
P. rapa.
P. galeodes.
P. squamosa.
P. citrina.
P. neritoidea.
· · · · ·
P. papyracea.*
8. Genus _Struthiolaria_. Pl. XI.
_Animal._ See Triton, hereafter.
_Shell._ Ovate; spire prolonged; aperture sinuous, terminated at the
base by a very short, straight canal: columellar edge callous; right
edge having a thickened varix. Inhabits the Mediterranean and Northern
Seas. Two species.
Struthiolaria nodulosa.
S. crenulata.
9. Genus _Ranella_. Pl. XI.
_Animal._ Unknown.
_Shell._ Oval, and, as it were, depressed by the preservation of each
side of a longitudinal thickened band; aperture oval, almost symmetrical
by the excavation of the columellar edge, terminating anteriorly by a
short canal, often a little sloping; a sinus at the posterior junction
of the two edges. This genus forms a distinct division between the Murex
and Struthiolaria. Inhabits the Northern and Mediterranean Seas. One
species is found in America. Fifteen living species. Five fossil.
Ranella gigantea.
R. candisata.
R. ranina.
R. bufonia.
R. granifera.
R. bitubercularis.
R. anceps.
R. leucostoma.
R. Argus.
R. spinosa.
R. granulata.
R. semigranosa.
R. crumena.
R. pygmæa.
· · · · ·
R. caudata*.
10. Genus _Murex_. Pl. XI.
_Animal._ See _Pleurotoma_, above.
_Shell._ Usually oval; the spire but slightly elevated, roughened with
longitudinal, transversal bands or varices; aperture small, quite oval,
and symmetrical by the excavation of the left edge, formed by a lamina
applied upon the columella, terminated anteriorly by a middling canal
sometimes very long and closed; the right edge more or less furnished
with varices. Operculum horny, complete, oval, nearly circular, with
sub-concentric partitions; summit terminal. This genus comprehends only
such shells as have only three or more varices on each whorl. These
varices show how often the animal has increased the size of its shell.
F. in all seas. Seventy-three living species. Two fossil.
Murex cornutus.
M. tenuispina.
M. ternispina.
M. motacilla.
M. palmarosæ.
M. adustus.
M. crevicornis.
M. microphyllus.
M. phylopterus.
M. trigonularis.
M. brandaris.
M. rarispina.
M. haustellum.
M. inflatus.
M. brevifrons.
M. rufus.
M. acaleatus.
M. capucinus.
M. acanthopterus.
M. ucinarius.
M. crassispina.
M. brevispina.
M. tenuirostrum.
M. elongatus.
M. calcitrassa.
M. axicornis.
M. longispina.
M. asperrimus.
M. tripterus.
M. hemitripterus.
M. gibbosus.
M. brassica.
M. radix.
M. scorpico.
M. turbinatus.
M. melonulus.
M. erinaceus.
M. costularis.
M. angularis.
M. cingulatus.
M. torosus.
M. granarius.
M. aciculatus.
M. ferrugo.
M. pinnatus.
M. triqueter.
M. saxatilis.
M. melanomathos.
M. secundus.
M. trunculus.
M. Magellanicus.
M. tarentinus.
M. polygonulus.
M. crispatus.
M. cinguliferus.
M. lyratus.
M. fimbriatus.
M. regius.
M. funiculus.
M. pictus.
M. trigonulus.
M. endivia.
M. hexagonus.
M. quadrifrons.
M. anguliferus.
M. lamellosus.
M. scaber.
M. vitulinus.
M. fenestratus.
M. subcarinatus.
M. concatenatus.
M. pulchellus.
M. cristata.
M. lubiosus.
11. Genus _Triton_. Pl. XI.
_Animal._ As above.
_Shell._ Oval with straight spire and canal, middling generally
wrinkled, furnished with varices, rare, scattered, and preserved in
longitudinal rows; aperture suboval, elongated, terminated by a short
open canal; the columellar edge less excavated than the right and
covered by a callosity; operculum horny, oval, round, and rather large.
Found in the Northern and Mediterranean seas. Thirty-one living species.
Three fossil.
Triton variegatum.
T. lampas.
T. corrugatum.
T. lotorium.
T. cynocephalum.
T. retusum.
T. vespaceum.
T. clathratum.
T. maculosum.
T. cutaceum.
T. undosum.
T. nodiferum.
T. scorbiculator.
T. succinctum.
T. femorale.
T. tripus.
T. clavator.
T. chlorostomum.
T. subdistortum.
T. clandestinum.
T. dolarium.
T. australe.
T. Splengleri.
T. pileare.
T. pigrum.
T. canaliferum.
T. tuberosum.
T. anus.
T. cancellatum.
T. rubecula.
T. tranquebaricum.
FAMILY XVIII.
ALATA. Three genera.
1. Genus _Rostellaria_. Pl. XI.
_Animal._ Entirely unknown.
_Shell._ Subdepressed, turriculated, with a produced and pointed spire;
aperture oval on account of a rather large excavation of the columellar
edge, the right margin dilating with age and having a sinus contiguous
to the pointed canal which terminates the shell; an operculum. This
genus is distinguished from the Strombus by having a sinus in the lower
part of the right margin contiguous to the canal. Inhabits the European
seas; four living species. Three fossil.
Rostellaria curvirostris.
R. rectirostris.
R. pespelicani.
R. cancellata.
2. Genus _Pteroceras_. Pl. XII.
_Animal._ See Strombus, below.
_Shell._ Oblong-ovate; canal elongated, attenuated and often closed;
right margin dilating by age into an expanded digitated wing, attached
to and covering a short spire with a sinus in the lower part not
contiguous to the body. Distinguished from the Strombus by not having
the canal at the base shortened or truncated, and from the Rostellaria
by having the sinus of the right margin distant from the body. Found in
the Equatorial seas. Seven species. Five fossil.
Pteroceras truncata.
P. lambio.
P. scorpio.
P. chiragra.
P. millepeda.
P. pseudoscorpia.
P. aurantia.
3. Genus _Strombus_. Pl. XII.
_Animal._ Spiral; the foot rather wide anteriorly, compressed
posteriorly; mantle thin, forming a prolonged fold anteriorly, whence
issues a sort of canal; head very distinct; mouth a vertical slit at the
extremity of a proboscis, provided in the inferior median line with a
lingual band having prickles flexed posteriorly; tentacular appendages
cylindrical, thick, and long, with the eyes at their extremity.
_Shell._ Thick, subinvolute, dilated in the middle, terminating in a
cone anteriorly and posteriorly; aperture very long and narrow;
terminated anteriorly by a canal more or less elongated and flexed;
edges parallel, the external dilating with age, presenting posteriorly a
gutter at its point of attachment with the spire, and, anteriorly, a
sinus behind the canal, through which the head of the animal passes;
operculum horny, long, and narrow; summit terminal. Found in the Indian
and Equatorial seas, and one species in Florida. Thirty-two living
species. Five fossil.
Strombus gigas.
S. latissimus.
S. Canarium.
S. vittatus.
S. gallus.
S. cristatus.
S. bubonius.
S. auris-Dianæ.
S. pyrulatus.
S. Luhuanus.
S. colomba.
S. troglodytes.
S. urceus.
S. lineatus.
S. turritus.
S. accipitrimus.
S. tricornis.
S. Isabella.
S. epidromis.
S. bituberculatus.
S. dilatus.
S. lentiginosus.
S. pugilis.
S. gibberulus.
S. Mauritianus.
S. succinctus.
S. tridentatus.
S. plicatus.
S. papilio.
S. marginatus.
S. cancellatus.
· · · · ·
S. Floridus.*
FAMILY XIX.
PURPURIFERA. Eleven genera.
1. Genus _Cassidaria_. Pl. XII.
_Animal._ Somewhat elongated, widened anteriorly; mantle with simple
edges and provided with a distinct tube; foot very wide, elliptical,
sub-biolate anteriorly, and having a large operculum upon the dorsal
face of its posterior part; head wide and indistinct; tentacula
anterior, approximating at base, subcylindrical, and having the eyes at
two-thirds of their length; mouth inferior, concealed by the foot; two
pectiniform branchiæ, nearly parallel.
_Shell._ Subglobular, tuberculated or channeled, with a short, pointed
spire; aperture long, ovate, subcanaliculated anteriorly; right edge
folded back; columella covered by a wide, smooth callosity, uniting
posteriorly with the right edge. Inhabits all seas except the Northern.
Five living species. Seven fossil.
Cassidaria echinophora.
C. Tyrrhena.
C. striata.
C. oniscus.
C. cingulata.
2. Genus _Cassis_. Pl. XII.
_Animal._ Spiral, with the foot (which is shorter than the shell)
rounded anteriorly; mantle provided, before the respiratory cavity, with
a long open canal, used as an organ of prehension; head furnished; a
single pair of blackish tentacula, having the eyes at an inflation about
half way from the base; mouth armed with a proboscis.
_Shell._ Inflated, oval, subinvolute; spire slightly projecting;
aperture long, oval, sometimes very narrow, terminated anteriorly by a
very short canal, sloped, and flexed obliquely towards the back;
columella covered by a large callosity, indented throughout its length;
operculum horny. Found in the Indian, Mediterranean, and Equatorial
seas. Twenty-five living species. Eight fossil.
Cassis cornuta.
C. flammea.
C. rufa.
C. achatina.
C. areola.
C. abbreviata.
C. saburon.
C. Ceylonica.
C. erinaceus.
C. tuberosa.
C. fascinata.
C. pennata.
C. crumena.
C. zebra.
C. sulcosa.
C. canaliculata.
C. semigranosa.
C. Madagascariensis.
C. glauca.
C. testiculus.
C. plicaria.
C. decussata.
C. granulosa.
C. pyrum.
C. vibex.
3. Genus _Ricinula_. Pl. XII.
_Animal._ As above.
_Shell._ Oval or subglobular, thick, armed with points and with a
depressed spire; aperture narrow, elongated, notched, sometimes
canaliculated anteriorly and digitated exteriorly; left edge more or
less callous; operculum horny, oval, and transverse. Found in the Indian
seas. Nine living species.
Ricinula horrida.
R. arachnoidea.
R. digitata.
R. aspera.
R. clathrata.
R. miticula.
R. pisolina.
R. morus.
R. mutica.
4. Genus _Purpura_. Pl. XII.
_Animal._ As above.
_Shell._ Oval, tuberculated, thick; spire short, the last whorl much
larger than all the others united; aperture oval, greatly dilated,
terminated anteriorly by a short, oblique canal notched at the
extremity; the columellar edge nearly straight, covered with a
callosity; operculum horny, flat, nearly semicircular, with faintly
marked transverse striæ. Found in the European and South American seas.
Sixty-two species.
Purpura Persica.
P. columellaria.
P. armigera.
P. undata.
P. bufo.
P. planospira.
P. carinifera.
P. squamosa.
P. sertum.
P. ligata.
P. imbricata.
P. bicostalis.
P. thiarella.
P. echinulata.
P. unifascialis.
P. clavus.
P. bizonalis.
P. Francolinus.
P. cruentata.
P. lagenaria.
P. plicata.
P. rustica.
P. hystrix.
P. retusa.
P. fasciolaris.
P. nucleus.
P. subrostrata.
P. patula.
P. consul.
P. hippocastana.
P. mancinella.
P. neritoides.
P. coronata.
P. sacella.
P. bulbus.
P. cariosa.
P. Rudolphi.
P. succincta.
P. bitubercularis.
P. hæmastoma.
P. callosa.
P. callifera.
P. scalariformis.
P. rugosa.
P. textilosa.
P. lambosa.
P. lapillus.
P. cateracta.
P. fiscella.
P. semi-imbricata.
P. deltoides.
P. trochlea.
P. vexillum.
P. distorta.
P. tectum.
· · · · ·
P. engonata.*
P. brevidens.*
P. lapilloidis.*
P. harpa.*
P. Floridana.*
P. dumosa.*
P. macrostoma.*
5. Genus _Monoceros_. Pl. XII.
_Animal._ As above.
_Shell._ Differs only from the _Purpura_ by a long, conical pointed,
somewhat reflexed tooth in the outer lip. Five species.
Monoceros cingulatum.
M. imbricatum.
M. striatum.
M. glabratum.
M. crassilabrum.
6. Genus _Concholepas_. Pl. XII.
_Animal._ Entirely unknown.
_Shell._ Wide, rough, ovate; spire very short; aperture very large, oval
and sloped anteriorly; the edges united, the right very thick and
dentated; muscular impression almost in form of a horse-shoe; operculum
horny and rudimentary. It was formerly considered a Patella, from which
it differs by the operculum. One species.
Concholepas Peruvianus.
7. Genus _Harpa_. Pl. XII.
_Animal._ Unknown.
_Shell._ Oval, inflated, rather thin, with longitudinal parallel ribs,
formed by the preservation of the band of the right margin; the spire
very short and pointed, the last whorl much longer than all the others
together; aperture large, ovate, with a wide slope anteriorly; the right
edge much hollowed, and thickened outwardly; the columella smooth and
terminated in a point anteriorly. A beautiful genus. Found in the Indian
Ocean. Nine species.
Harpa imperialis.
H. ventricosa.
H. conoidalis.
H. minor.
H. nobilis.
H. articularis.
H. rosea.
H. striata.
H. mutica.
8. Genus _Dolium_. Pl. XII.
_Animal._ As in _Purpura_.
_Shell._ Subglobular, thin, surrounded by decurrent flutings; spire very
short, the last whorl much larger than all the others together; aperture
oblong, very large, on account of the great excavation of the right
edge, which is crenated throughout its length; columella twisted. Found
in the Indian Ocean and Mediterranean seas. Seven species.
Dolium galea.
D. fasciatum.
D. pomum.
D. variegatum.
D. perdix.
D. olearium.
D. maculatum.
9. Genus _Buccinum_. Pl. XII.
_Animal._ See _Purpura_.
_Shell._ With a light epidermis, oval, elongated; the spire moderately
elevated; aperture oblong, oval, notched, sometimes subcanaliculated
anteriorly; right edge thick, not reflexed; columella simple and dilated
superiorly; operculum horny, complete, and oval. Found in all seas.
Sixty-six living. Fourteen fossil.
Buccinum undatum.
B. papyraceum.
B. tenniplicatum.
B. levigatum.
B. crenulatum.
B. lineatum.
B. maculosum.
B. mutabile.
B. ventricosum.
B. fasciatum.
B. arcularia.
B. pauperatum.
B. achatinum.
B. olivaceum.
B. Brazilianum.
B. vinosum.
B. Ascanias.
B. aciculatum.
B. glaciale.
B. annulatum.
B. reticulatum.
B. fuscatum.
B. politum.
B. inflatum.
B. gemmulatum.
B. miga.
B. coronatum.
B. neriteum.
B. glans.
B. canaliculatum.
B. semiconvexum.
B. corniculatum.
B. Anglicanum.
B. lævissimum.
B. Tranquebaricum.
B. lineolatum.
B. suturale.
B. retusum.
B. Coromandelianum.
B. lyratum.
B. Thersites.
B. testudineum.
B. papillosum.
B. tricarinatum.
B. fasciolatum.
B. subspinosum.
B. flexuosum.
B. cribarium.
B. grana.
B. zebra.
B. aurantium.
B. gibbolusum.
B. marginulatum.
B. coccinella.
B. dermestoideum.
B. pediculare.
B. pullus.
B. polygonatum.
· · · · ·
B. ornatum.*
B. trivittata.*
B. acuta.*
B. alba.*
B. vibex.*
B. obsoleta.*
B. unicincta.*
B. lunata.*
10. Genus _Eburna_. Pl. XII.
_Animal._ Entirely unknown.
_Shell._ Oval or elongated, smooth; spire pointed, its whorls as if
softened off; aperture ovate, elongated, widely notched anteriorly; the
right margin entire; columella callous posteriorly, umbilicated, and
subcanaliculated at its left side; an operculum. Found in the Indian and
South American seas. Five species.
Eburna glabrata.
E. Ceylonica.
E. spirata.
E. areolata.
E. lutosa.
11. Genus _Terebra_. Pl. XII.
_Animal._ Spiral and high; foot oval with a transverse anterior furrow,
and two lateral auricles; head bordered with a small fringe; tentacula
cylindrical, terminating in a point and very distant; eyes indistinct,
situated at the foot, and at the external side of the tentacula; mouth
without proboscis; tube of the respiratory cavity very long.
_Shell._ Without epidermis, ovate, with a pointed spire, low, or
subturriculated; aperture wide, oval, with a strong slope anteriorly;
lower end of the columella twisted. Found in tropical seas. Twenty-four
species.
Terebra macalata.
T. crenulata.
T. dimidiata.
T. raphanula.
T. muscaria.
T. flammea.
T. striatula.
T. chlorata.
T. cerithina.
T. subulata.
T. oculata.
T. Babylonica.
T. Senegalensis.
T. cingulifera.
T. scabrella.
T. lanceata.
T. granulosa.
T. duplicata.
T. corrugata.
T. cærulescens.
T. myuros.
T. strigilata.
T. aciculina.
T. vittata.
FAMILY XX.
COLUMELLARIA. Five genera.
1. Genus _Columbella_. Pl. XII.
_Animal._ Imperfectly known; eyes placed much below the middle of the
tentacula.
_Shell._ Thick, turbinated, with a short obtuse spire; aperture narrow,
elongated and terminated by a very short canal, narrowed by an inflation
at the inner side of the right edge, and by some folds on the columella;
a very small horny operculum. Inhabits the Indian and American seas.
Twenty species.
Columbella rustica.
C. Hebræa.
C. semipunctata.
C. reticulata.
C. strombiformis.
C. mercatoria.
C. flavida.
C. bizonalis.
C. turturina.
C. pardalina.
C. ovulata.
C. zonalis.
C. mendicaria.
C. punctata.
C. scripta.
C. nitida.
C. fulgurans.
C. unifascialis.
· · · · ·
C. labiosa.*
C. avara.*
2. Genus _Mitra_. Pl. XII.
_Animal._ Entirely unknown.
_Shell._ Turriculated, subfusiform and oval; spire always pointed at the
summit; aperture small, triangular, widest anteriorly where it is
strongly emarginated; external edge trenchant, nearly straight, always
longer than the columella, which is formed by a very thin callosity, and
marked with oblique parallel folds, the anterior of which are the
shortest; no operculum. Inhabits the Chinese seas. Eighty species.
Mitra papalis.
M. puncticulata.
M. cardinalis.
M. versicolor.
M. pedicula.
M. cornicularis.
M. striatula.
M. cornea.
M. melaniana.
M. episcopalis.
M. pontificalis.
M. crocata.
M. nexilis.
M. scabrinscrula.
M. crenifera.
M. tæniata.
M. corrugata.
M. lyrata.
M. cinctella.
M. Caffra.
M. stigmataria.
M. fissurata.
M. millepora.
M. archiepiscopalis.
M. sanguinolenta.
M. lactea.
M. lutescens.
M. subulata.
M. tringa.
M. ferruginea.
M. adusta.
M. plicaria.
M. costellaris.
M. melongena.
M. vulpecula.
M. sanguisuga.
M. filosa.
M. ampliorella.
M. patriarchalis.
M. harpæformis.
M. ficulina.
M. conularis.
M. dermestina.
M. dactylus.
M. conulus.
M. coronata.
M. muriculata.
M. semifasciata.
M. nucleola.
M. plumbea.
M. granulifera.
M. clavula.
M. Peronii.
M. oniscina.
M. terebralis.
M. granulosa.
M. costa.
M. olivaria.
M. granatina.
M. serpentina.
M. arenosa.
M. literata.
M. obliquata.
M. scutulata.
M. fenestrata.
M. texturata.
M. limbifera.
M. paupercula.
M. torulosa.
M. retusa.
M. unifascialis.
M. larva.
M. tabanula.
M. crenulata.
M. aurantiaca.
M. cucumerina.
M. ebena.
M. microzonias.
M. bacilla.
M. pisolina.
3. Genus _Voluta_. Pl. XII.
_Animal._ Oval, involuted, provided with a very broad foot; head very
distinct; tentacula rather short and triangular; eyes large, altogether
sessile, and situated a little posteriorly; a thick trunk furnished with
hooked teeth at its extremity; two pectiniform branchiæ.
_Shell._ Oval, more or less ventricose; the first whorls of the spire
rounded into a teat; aperture generally much longer than wide and
sloping anteriorly; the right edge bent outwardly, entire and soft; the
columellar edge garnished with large folds more or less oblique, and
slightly varying in number with age. Found chiefly in the seas of the
Torrid Zone. Forty-four species.
Voluta nautica.
V. armata.
V. tesselata.
V. cymbia.
V. proboscidalis.
V. diadema.
V. ducalis.
V. Neptuni.
V. olla.
V. porcina.
V. pellis-serpentis.
V. chlorosina.
V. polyzonalis.
V. magnifica.
V. Magellanica.
V. fulminata.
V. scapha.
V. mitis.
V. Braziliana.
V. Guinaica.
V. undulata.
V. festiva.
V. Æthiopica.
V. imperialis.
V. vespertilio.
V. musica.
V. levigata.
V. nodulosa.
V. ancilla.
V. Pacifica.
V. Junonia.
V. melo.
V. Hebræa.
V. serpentina.
V. carneolata.
V. fulva.
V. nuclea.
V. Lapponica.
V. volvacea.
V. mitræformis.
V. nivosa.
V. thiarella.
V. sulcata.
V. vexilla.
4. Genus _Marginella_. Pl. XII.
_Animal._ Oval, involuted; foot elliptical, very large, and widest in
front, where its edge presents a transverse furrow; head small,
distinct, with two long, very sharp tentacula, the eyes at the external
part of their base; mouth provided with a trunk.
_Shell._ Smooth, polished, oval-oblong, a little conical, with a short
mammelonated spire; aperture somewhat narrow, slightly oval on account
of a light curve of the right edge, which is dilated outwardly; the
columellar edge marked with three oblique distinct folds. Inhabits the
Indian Ocean. Twenty-four living species and nine fossil, according to
Defrance.
Marginella radiata.
M. limbata.
M. lifasciata.
M. dentifera.
M. bullata.
M. avellana.
M. glabrella.
M. quinqueplicata.
M. rosea.
M. faba.
M. dactylus.
M. cornea.
M. nubeculata.
M. aurantia.
M. longivaricosa.
M. eburnea.
M. persicula.
M. tessellata.
M. cærulescens.
M. bivaricosa.
M. muscaria.
M. formicula.
M. lineata.
M. interrupta.
5. Genus _Volvaria_. Pl. XII.
_Animal._ As above.
_Shell._ Cylindrical, convolute; spire obsolete or concealed; aperture
narrow, extending the whole length of the shell, with one or more folds
on the lower portion of the columella. Inhabits the Indian Ocean. Seven
species.