THE CAMPAIGN OF MAIDA
Expedition to Calabria—In General Acland’s brigade—Battle of
Maida—Sergeant McCrae and the wounded Frenchman—Reggio—Capture of
Catrone—Taormina—Syracuse
EARLY in 1806 our regiment left Gibraltar for Messina, where we
continued some months, and then marched for Milazzo, where we camped
until we embarked, in June of the same year, as a part of the expedition
under Lieut.-General Sir John Stuart for Calabria, landing with the
other troops in the gulf of St. Euphemia on the morning of the 1st of
July. The object of this force was to attack the French General Regnier,
then in that part of Italy with a considerable army. Our landing was but
slightly opposed, because our convoy, the _Endymion_ frigate (Captain
Hoste), took up her position as near the shore as possible, and by her
fire soon cleared the beach and drove the enemy far beyond our first
footing. He made a partial stand, however, on a rising ground inland;
but as our troops advanced, and after a skirmish, we soon forced him to
retreat on his supports and finally on his main body. We then halted for
the day, and the enemy left advanced posts and videttes to watch our
movements. We soon bivouacked for the night about 6 miles from the
beach, with, of course, the same precautions. During that evening and
the following day we were busily engaged in landing our heavy stores of
provisions. On the 3rd July we advanced a few miles to reconnoitre and
to gain information of the enemy’s force and main position, and on the
memorable and beautiful morning of the 4th July we finally advanced in
columns, and soon found ourselves on the unusually clear and extensive
plain of Maida, the enemy showing in mass on the distant hills and
woods, about three miles from us, with a river in front which greatly
strengthened their position.
As soon as we got half across the plain, our columns were halted, and
the troops deployed into two lines, the one to support the other, with
our skirmishers thrown out in front to cover us. We were then directed
to “order arms and stand at ease”; thus formed, we offered a fair field
to the enemy. Our brigade, consisting of the 58th, 78th, and 81st
Regiments, under General Acland, formed our front line, and in this
position we remained at least half an hour gazing at our enemy; by this
time the French were seen in full view debouching from the hills and
woods, and, crossing the river, they advanced with all confidence
towards us. As soon as they had cleared the river their advance halted,
and the whole then formed into two columns, in which order they steadily
advanced with drums playing and colours flying. We remained quiet and
steady, but impatient, on our ground, and had a full view of our foes,
as they boldly and confidently advanced, evidently expecting that they
could, and would, walk over us; and so they ought to have done, for we
afterwards ascertained they numbered upwards of nine thousand of their
best troops, while our force did not much exceed six thousand men! Their
cavalry was also more numerous, for we had only one squadron of the 23rd
Light Dragoons; but ours was so admirably managed that it kept the
others in check during the whole day.
As soon as these formidable French columns came sufficiently near, and
not till then, our lines were called to “attention” and ordered to
“shoulder arms.” Then commenced in earnest the glorious battle of Maida,
first with a volley from our brigade into the enemy’s columns and from
our artillery at each flank without ceasing, followed by independent
file firing as fast as our men could load; and well they did their work!
Nor were the enemy idle; they returned our fire without ceasing, then in
part commenced to deploy into line. The independent file firing was
still continued with more vigour than ever for at least a quarter of an
hour, when many brave men fell on both sides. Our brigade was then
ordered to charge, supported by our second line, and this they did
lustily and with endless hearty cheers, the French at the same moment
following our example and advancing towards us at a steady charge of
bayonets, the rolling of drums, and endless loud cheers. Both armies
were equally determined to carry all before them; it was not till we got
within five or six paces of each other that the enemy wavered, broke
their ranks, and gave way, turning away to a man and scampering off,
most of them throwing away their arms at the same time; but our men
continued their cheers and got up with some of them, and numbers were
either bayoneted, shot, or taken prisoners. The enemy was then fairly
driven over the bridge by which they had advanced, or forced into the
river, where numbers were captured or drowned.
Our loss was comparatively small. The brave 78th had about a dozen men
killed and many wounded. The 20th Regiment landed during the action, and
by an able and hurried manœuvre managed to get on the enemy’s right
flank, and contributed much to the success of the day. Captain McLean,
of that regiment, was the only officer killed in the battle. I shall
never forget my horror when I beheld numbers of gallant French soldiers
weltering in their blood and groaning in agony from the most fearful
wounds. And here I must mention an incident to the honour and credit of
one of our Highland sergeants of grenadiers, Farquhar McCrae, who could
not speak one word of English nor of French. He was wounded after we had
passed over the first line of dead and dying Frenchmen, and while
passing through the heap of wounded one of them made him a sign that he
wanted a drink, on which McCrae immediately turned round and made
towards the river; but he had no sooner done so, than his ungrateful
enemy levelled his musket and wounded him slightly in the arm. McCrae
looked back, saw from whom the shot came, and going up to the man he
seized his firelock, and after a struggle soon got it away from him;
then, taking it by the muzzle, raised the butt over the Frenchman’s head
and said, with a terrible Gaelic oath, “I’ll knock your brains out!” But
a more generous impulse seized him; he actually went back to the river
and brought the wretched man some water!
I have heard that in Lieut.-General Sir John Stewart’s official dispatch
concerning the battle of Maida it is stated that the bayonets of the
contending forces actually crossed during the charge. They may have done
so, in some parts of the line—but _so far as I could see_ they did not
do so, and I have never heard any one who was in the action say that
“the bayonets actually crossed.”
The defeat was perfect, and the victory glorious beyond all praise. We
remained on the field of battle burying our dead and attending the
wounded and embarking our prisoners; then we marched for Reggio, the
castle of which was then besieged by some others of our troops from
Sicily, who now joined our force, except the 78th Regiment, which was at
once embarked under convoy of the _Endymion_ frigate and destined for
the capture of the fortress of Catrone, on the east coast of Italy. We
arrived and anchored off that place. About a week afterwards the
_Endymion_ took up her position within range of the fort, and all were
ordered to be in readiness for an immediate landing. Major Macdonnell
was sent on shore with a flag of truce and proposals to the governor of
the fort to surrender. He returned to say that the terms were accepted.
Some companies of the 78th were then landed near the fort, when the
whole French garrison marched out as prisoners of war and laid down
their arms in front of our line, being allowed to retain only their
personal baggage, and the officers their swords. They were at once
embarked and divided amongst our transports. The fort was dismantled and
the guns spiked. We re-embarked, and our little fleet sailed in triumph
back to Messina; but on landing we were ordered to Syracuse, and sent
detachments to Augusta and to Taormina. I was with the latter, and had
not been long there before I fancied myself in love with the daughter of
a widow, who did all she could to encourage me and tempt me to a
marriage by constantly parading a quantity of silver plate and jewels as
a part of my portion; but this chance of my imaginary good luck was soon
put an end to, for I was suddenly called back to headquarters, Syracuse,
and there forgot my love affair.
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