Part V. Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, Sci., n. s., vol. 16, pp. 1-435.

THIEL, P. H. VAN, and WIEGAND BRUSS, C. J. E.

1946. Présence de _Prosthenorchis spirula_ chez les chimpanzés. Son

rôle pathogène et son développement dans _Blattella germanica_.

Ann. Parasitol. Hum. et Comp. (1944-45), vol. 20, pp. 304-320.

[Reprinted in 1948 in Acta Leidensia, 1947, vol. 18, pp. 200-218.]

THILOW, J. O., and RILEY, C. V.

1891. A southern roach in a northern greenhouse. Insect Life, vol.

3, pp. 406-407.

THOMPSON, W. R.

1951. A catalogue of the parasites and predators of insect pests.

Section 1. Parasite host catalogue. Part II. Neuroptera, Odonata,

Orthoptera, Psocoptera, Siphonaptera, Thysanoptera. 35 pp.

Commonwealth Bureau of Biological Control, Ottawa.

THOMSON, J. G., and LUCAS, CATHERINE L. T.

1926. A preliminary note on the study of _Endamoeba blattae_

(Bütschli, 1878) Leidy, 1879, found parasitic in the intestine of

_Blatta orientalis_ in England, with some remarks on its generic

status. Journ. Trop. Med. Hyg., vol. 29, pp. 41-43, 1 pl.

TILLYARD, R. J.

1926. The insects of Australia and New Zealand. 560 pp.

TIMBERLAKE, P. H.

1924. Records of the introduced and immigrant chalcid flies of the

Hawaiian Islands (Hymenoptera). Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc., vol. 5,

pp. 418-449.

TODA, T.

1923. Cholera and the ship "cockroach." Journ. Hyg., vol. 21, pp.

359-361.

TODD, A. C.

1941. An addition to the life history of _Leidynema appendiculatum_

(Leidy, 1850) Chitwood, 1932, a nematode parasitic in cockroaches.

Journ. Parasitol., vol. 27, Suppl, pp. 34-35.

1943. _Thelastoma icemi_ (Schwenck), a nematode of cockroaches.

Journ. Parasitol., vol. 29, pp. 404-406.

1944. On the development and hatching of the eggs of

_Hammerschmidtiella diesingi_ and _Leidynema appendiculatum_,

nematodes of roaches. Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., vol. 63, pp. 54-67.

TOWNES, H.

1949. The nearctic species of Evaniidae (Hymenoptera). Proc. U. S.

Nat. Mus., vol. 99, pp. 525-539.

1951. Family Evaniidae. Genus _Astata_ Latreille. _In_ Muesebeck,

C. F. W.; Krombein, K. V.; Townes, H. K., and others, Hymenoptera

north of Mexico. U. S. Dept. Agr. Agr. Monogr. No. 2, pp. 655-656,

939-940.

TRAGER, W.

1932. A cellulase from the symbiotic intestinal flagellates of

termites and of the roach, _Cryptocercus punctulatus_. Biochem.

Journ., vol. 26, pp. 1762-1771.

TRAVASSOS, L. P.

1917. Contribuções para o conhecimento da fauna helmintológica

brazileira. VI. Revisão dos acantocefalos brazileiros. Parte I.

Fam. Gigantorhynchidae Hamann, 1892. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, vol.

9, pp. 5-61, 24 pls.

1929. Contribuição prelíminar á systemática dos nematóides dos

artrópodes. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, Suppl. No. 5, pp. 19-25.

TRAVIS, B. V.

1932. A discussion of synonymy in the nomenclature of certain

insect flagellates, with the description of a new flagellate from

the larvae of _Ligyrodes relictus_ Say (Coleoptera-Scarabaeidae).

Iowa State Coll. Journ. Sci., vol. 6, pp. 317-323.

TREAT, MARY.

1876. Carnivorous plants of Florida. Harper's Month. Mag., vol. 53,

pp. 710-714.

TRYON, H.

1926. Poultry--Manson's eye worm. Queensland Agr. Journ., vol. 25,

p. 272.

TSCHUDI, J. J. VON

1847. Travels in Peru, during the years 1838-1842. 506 pp. London.

TUCKER, R. W. E.

1952. The insects of Barbados. Journ. Agr., Univ. Puerto Rico, vol.

36, pp. 330-363.

TULLOCH, J. B. G.

1939. Insects and other things which arrive by steamer from

overseas. Entomologist, vol. 72, pp. 114-116.

TURNER, H. J.

1930. South London Entomological Society. Entomologist, vol. 63, p.

143.

TURNER, R. E.

1912. Notes on fossorial Hymenoptera.--X. On new species from the

Oriental and Ethiopian Regions. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol.

10, pp. 361-377.

1917. On a collection of Sphecoidea sent by the Agricultural

Research Institute, Pusa, Bihar. Mem. Dept. Agr. India, Ent. ser.,

vol. 5, pp. 173-205.

UICHANCO, L. B.

1953. Some features of the distribution of insect life on

Philippine mountains. Proc. 7th Pacific Sci. Congr., Pacific Sci.

Assoc., Auckland and Christchurch, New Zealand, 1949, vol. 4

(Zoology), pp. 350-357.

USINGER, R. L., and LARIVERS, I.

1953. The insect life of Arno. Atoll Res. Bull. No. 15, Pacific

Science Board, Nat. Acad. Sci., Nat. Res. Council, Washington, D.

C., 28 pp. (Processed.)

USMAN, S.

1949. Some observations on the biology of _Tetrastichus hagenowii_,

Ratz.--An egg parasite of the house-cockroach (_Periplaneta

americana_, L.). Current Sci., Bangalore, vol. 18, pp. 407-408.

UVAROV, B. P.

1954. The desert locust and its environment. _In_

Cloudsley-Thompson, J.L., ed., Biology of deserts. Inst. Biol.,

London, pp. 85-89.

VALCURONE, MARIA L., and BAGGINI, A.

1957. Sulle sostanze antibatteriche di origine entomologica. Boll.

1st. Sieroterap. Milanese, vol. 36, pp. 283-305.

VALENTE, D.

1949. Feeding habits of some Brazilian amphibians. Bol. Fac. Filos.

Univ. São Paulo, Zool., 1949, pp. 335-337.

VALENTIN, G.

1836. _Hygrocrocis intestinalis_, eine auf der lebendigen und

ungestört functionirenden Schleimhaut des Darmkanales vegetirende

Conferve. Rep. Anat. Physiol., vol. 1, pp. 110-114, 1 pl.

VALLETTA, A.

1955. Second contribution to a list of the Orthoptera of the

Maltese Islands. Ent. Month. Mag., vol. 91, pp. 55-56.

VAN CLEAVE, H. J.

1946. Remarques sur le genre _Moniliformis_ (Acanthocéphales) et

particulièrement sur les espèces parasites des rats. Ann.

Parasitol., vol. 21, pp. 142-147.

VAN ZWALUWENBURG, R. H.

1928. The interrelationships of insects and roundworms. Bull. Exp.

Stat. Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Assoc., Ent. ser., No. 20, 68 pp.

1946. Recent immigrant insects. Hawaiian Planters' Rec., vol. 50,

pp. 11-17.

1950. New wasp records. Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc., vol. 14, p. 16.

VERRILL, A. E.

1902. The Bermuda Islands: Their scenery, climate, productions,

physiography, natural history, and geology; with sketches of their

early history and changes due to man. Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts

and Sci., vol. 11, pp. 413-956.

VESTERGAARD, KAREN.

1958. Cockroaches. _In_ Annual Report 1955-1956, Government Pest

Infestation Lab., Springforbi, Denmark, p. 14.

VILLADOLID, D. V.

1934. Food habits of six common lizards found in Los Baños, Laguna,

Philippine Islands. Philippine Journ. Sci., vol. 55, pp. 61-67.

VLASOV, ȊȂ. P.

1929. Biology of _Phlebotomus sergenti_ Parrot. (In Russian.)

Russek. Zhurn. Trop. Med., Med. Vet. Parazitol., vol. 7, pp.

688-692. [Translated by D. Kraus.]

1933. Die Fauna der Wohnhöhlen von _Rhombomys opimus_ Licht. und

_Spermophilopsis leptodactylus_ Licht. in der Umgebung von

Aschhabad. Zool. Anz., vol. 101, pp. 143-158.

VLASOV, ȊȂ. P., and MIRAM, E. F.

1937. Cockroaches and Orthoptera from the burrows around Ashkhabad.

(In Russian.) Trudy Sov. Izuch. Proizvod. Sil, Akad. Nauk,

S.S.S.R., Ser. Turkmenskaia, vol. 9, pp. 259-262. [Pertinent

sections translated by M. Ycas.]

VOLLBRECHTSHAUSEN, R.

1953. Bakterien als Symbioten, Synöken und Parasiten bei

_Phyllodromia germanica_. Zeitschr. Parasitenk., vol. 15, pp.

437-456. [Translated by H. L. Middleton.]

VORHIES, C. T., and TAYLOR, W. P.

1922. Life history of the kangaroo rat, _Dipodomys spectabilis

spectabilis_ Merriam. U. S. Dept. Agr. Dept. Bull. 1091, 40 pp.

WAINWRIGHT, C. J.

1898. Birmingham Entomological Society. Entomologist, vol. 31, p.

304.

WALDEN, B. H.

1922. Abundance of the German roach in a city dump. _Blattella

germanica_, Linn. Connecticut Agr. Exp. Stat. Bull. No. 234, pp.

188-189.

WALKER, E. M.

1912. The Blattidae of Ontario. Canadian Ent., vol. 44, pp.

171-172.

WALKER, J. J.

1904. Antipodan field notes. II. A year's insect hunting in New

Zealand. Ent. Month. Mag., vol. 40, p. 70.

WALKER, T. J., JR.

1957. Ecological studies of the arthropods associated with certain

decaying materials in four habitats. Ecology, vol. 38, pp. 262-276.

WALLACE, A. R.

1869. The Malay Archipelago: The land of the orang-utan and the

bird of paradise. 638 pp. New York.

1891. Natural selection and tropical nature. 492 pp. London.

WALLICK. L. S.

1954. The effects of overcrowding upon _Blattella germanica_ with

respect to weight and longevity. M.S. thesis, Ohio State Univ., 33

pp.

WARD, H. B.

1918. Parasitic roundworms. _In_ Ward, H. B., and Whipple, G. C.,

Freshwater biology, pp. 506-552. New York.

WATERSTON, J.

1914. New species of Chalcidoidea from Ceylon. Bull. Ent. Res.,

vol. 5, PP. 325-342.

WATSON, J. M.

1945. A new sporozoon, _Gregarina rhyparobiae_ n. sp., from a

tropical cockroach, _Rhyparobia maderae_. Parasitology, vol. 36,

pp. 195-198.

WATSON, MINNIE, E.

1915. Some new gregarine parasites from Arthropoda. Journ.

Parasitol., vol. 2, pp. 27-36, 2 pls.

1916. Studies on gregarines. Including descriptions of twenty-one

new species and a synopsis of the eugregarine records from the

Myriapoda, Coleoptera and Orthoptera of the world. Illinois Biol.

Monogr., vol. 2, pp. 213-468, 15 pls.

1917. Observations on polycystid gregarines from Arthropoda.

Journ. Parasitol., 1916, vol. 3, pp. 65-75.

WATSON, W.

1907. Tropical cockroach. _In_ Lucas, W. J., Additions to the wild

fauna and flora of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: VI. Roy. Bot.

Gard., Kew, Bull. Misc. Inform., No. 10, pp. 402-403, 1 pl.

WEBER, N. A.

1938. The food of the giant toad, _Bufo marinus_ (L.), in Trinidad

and British Guiana with special reference to the ants. Ann. Ent.

Soc. Amer., vol. 31, pp. 499-503.

1954. The insect fauna of an Iraq oasis, the city of Baghdad. Ent.

News, vol. 65, pp. 178-182, 203-206.

WEBER, P. W.

1948. _Rhipidius pectinicornis_ Thunberg. Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc.,

vol. 13, p. 202.

1951. _Anastatus blattidarum_ Ferrière. Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc.,

vol. 14, p. 223.

WEBSTER, W. H. B.

1834. Narrative of a voyage to the southern Atlantic Ocean in the

years 1828, 29, 30, performed in H. M. Sloop _Chanticleer_, under

the command of the late Captain Henry Foster, F. R. S. &c. by order

of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty. Vol. 1, 399 pp.

London.

WEDBERG, S. E.; BRANDT, C. D.; and HELMBOLDT, C. F.

1949. The passage of microorganisms through the digestive tract of

_Blaberus craniifer_ mounted under controlled conditions. Journ.

Bact., vol. 58, pp. 573-578.

WEILL, R.

1929. 2. Notes protistologiques indochinoises (première série). La

présence d'un infusoire du genre _Isotricha_ (_I. caulleryi_ n.

sp.) chez un insecte (_Periplaneta americana_ Forbes) et sa

signification possible. Arch. Zool. Exp. et Gén., Notes et Rev.,

vol. 69, pp. 21-26.

WEISS, H. B.

1917. Undesirable insect immigration into New Jersey. Canadian

Ent., vol. 49, pp. 293-298, pl. XIV.

WELCH, E. V.

1939. Insects found on aircraft at Miami, Fla., in 1938. Publ.

Health Rep., vol. 54, pp. 561-566.

WELCH, F. D.

1935. Large foreign cockroach in Kent. Entomologist, vol. 68, p.

122.

WELLMER, L.

1910. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Sporozoenfauna Ostpreussens. Zool.

Anz., Leipzig, vol. 35, pp. 530-534.

1911. Sporozoen ostpreussicher Arthropoden. Schrift. Phys.-Ökonom.

Ges. Königsberg i. Pr., vol. 52, pp. 103-164, 1 pl.

WENRICH, D. H.

1932. The relation of the protozoan flagellate, _Retortamonas

gryllotalpae_ (Grassi, 1879) Stiles, 1902 to the species of the

genus _Embadomonas_ Mackinnon, 1911. Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., vol.

51, pp. 225-238.

WESTWOOD, J. O.

1839. An introduction to the modern classification of insects ...

vol. 1, 462 pp. London.

1843. On _Evania_ and some allied genera of hymenopterous insects.

Trans. Ent. Soc. London., vol. 3, pp. 237-278.

1854. Economy of _Evania_. Proc. Ent. Soc. London, 1854, _in_

Trans. Ent. Soc. London, n. s., vol. 3, pp. 21-22.

1854a. The cockroach parasite. Gardener's Chron. and Agr. Gaz.,

No. 33, p. 533.

1869. Exhibitions, etc. Proc. Ent. Soc. London, April 5, 1869,

_in_ Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1869, p. x.

1876. Exhibitions, etc. Meeting of November 1, 1876. Trans. Ent.

Soc. London, 1876, p. xxxii.

WETMORE, ALEXANDER.

1916. Birds of Porto Rico. U. S. Dept. Agr. Dept. Bull. 326, 140

pp.

1940. A systematic classification for the birds of the world.

Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 99, No. 7, pp. 1-11.

WHARTON, D. R. A.; MILLER, G. L.; and WHARTON, M. L.

1954. The odorous attractant of the American cockroach,

_Periplaneta americana_ (L.). I. Quantitative aspects of the

response to the attractant. Journ. Gen. Physiol., vol. 37, pp.

461-469.

WHARTON, R. H.

1951. The behaviour and mortality of _Anopheles maculatus_ and

_Culex fatigans_ in experimental huts treated with DDT and BHC.

Bull. Ent. Res., vol. 42, pp. 1-20, 1 pl.

WHEELER, W. M.

1889. The embryology of _Blatta germanica_ and _Doryphora

decimlineata_. Journ. Morphol., vol. 3, pp. 291-386.

1900. A new myrmecophile from the mushroom gardens of the Texas

leaf-cutting ant. Amer. Nat., vol. 34, pp. 851-862.

1910. Ants. Their structure, development and behavior. 663 pp. New

York.

1911. A desert cockroach. Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 19, pp.

262-263.

1928. The social insects. Their origin and evolution. 378 pp. New

York.

WHITE, G.

1905. The natural history and antiquities of Selborne in the County

of Southampton. 476 pp. London.

WHITFIELD, F. G. S.

1940. Air transport, insects and disease. Bull. Ent. Res., vol. 30,

pp. 365-442.

WHITTINGHAM, H. E., and ROOK, A. F.

1923. Observations on the life-history and bionomics of

_Phlebotomus papatasii_. British Med. Journ., Dec. 15, pp.

1144-1151.

WILLE, J.

1920. Biologie und Bekämpfung der deutschen Schabe (_Phyllodromia

germanica_ L.). Monogr. Angew. Ent., Nr. 5, Zeitschr. Angew. Ent.,

Beiheft 1, Band 7, 140 pp.

WILLEMET, R.

1784. Lettre aux auteurs du Journal de Physique. Journ. Physique,

Paris, vol. 24, p. 62.

WILLIAMS, C. L.

1931. Effect of fumigation on cockroaches on ships. Publ. Health

Rep., vol. 46, pp. 1680-1694.

WILLIAMS, E. C., JR.

1941. An ecological study of the floor fauna of the Panama rain

forest. Bull. Chicago Acad. Sci., vol. 6, pp. 63-124.

WILLIAMS, F. X.

1918. _Dolichurus stantoni_ Ashmead, a Philippine wasp parasitic on

cockroaches. Hawaiian Planters' Rec., vol. 19, pp. 251-255.

1919. Philippine wasp studies. Part 2. Descriptions of new species

and life history studies. Rep. Exp. Stat. Hawaiian Sugar Planters'

Assoc., Ent. Ser., Bull. No. 14, pp. 19-186.

1925. Wasps from tropical countries. Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc.,

vol. 6, pp. 16-17.

1928. Studies in tropical wasps--their hosts and associates (with

descriptions of new species). Bull. Exp. Stat. Hawaiian Sugar

Planters' Assoc., Ent. Ser., Bull. No. 19, 179 pp.

1928a. [_Rhinopsis caniculatus_ Say.] Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc.,

vol. 7, p. 227.

1929. Notes on the habits of the cockroach-hunting wasps of the

genus _Ampulex_, sens. lat., with particular reference to _Ampulex_

(_Rhinopsis_) _caniculatus_ Say. Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc., vol. 7,

pp. 315-329.

1931. [_Evania_ attracted to honey dew.] Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc.,

vol. 7, p. 334.

1936. Biological studies in Hawaiian water-loving insects. Part I.

Coleoptera or beetles (pp. 235-273). Part II. Odonata or

dragonflies (pp. 273-352). Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc., vol. 9, pp.

235-352.

1941. Blitzkrieg on cockroaches will be shown at Maui fair. Hawaii

Farm and Home, vol. 4, p. 9.

1941a. An apparently undescribed _Tachysphex_ (Hymenoptera,

Larridae) from Trinidad, B.W.I. Proc. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, ser.

B, vol. 10, pp. 197-199.

1942. The New Caledonian cockroach wasp (_Ampulex compressa_) in

Hawaii. Hawaiian Planters' Rec., vol. 46, pp. 43-48.

1942a. _Ampulex compressa_ (Fabr.), a cockroach-hunting wasp

introduced from New Caledonia into Hawaii. Proc. Hawaiian Ent.

Soc., vol. II, pp. 221-233.

1944. Cockroaches are their dish. Hawaii Farm and Home, vol. 7, p.

18.

1945. The aculeate wasps of New Caledonia, with natural history

notes. Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc., vol. 12, pp. 407-452.

1946. Entomology. Rep. Comm. Exp. Stat. Hawaiian Sugar Planters'

Assoc., 1944/45, pp. 16-22.

1946a. _Rhipidius_ sp. in Hawaii. Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc., vol.

12, p. 485.

WILLIAMS, F. X.; VAN ZWALUWENBURG, R. H.; and SWEZEY, O. H.

1931. Handbook of the insects and other invertebrates of Hawaiian

sugar cane fields. Exp. Stat. Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Assoc., 400

pp.

WILLIS, E. R., and LEWIS, N.

1957. The longevity of starved cockroaches. Journ. Econ. Ent., vol.

50, pp. 438-440.

WILLIS, E. R.; RISER, G. R.; and ROTH, L. M.

1958. Observations on reproduction and development in cockroaches.

Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., vol. 51, pp. 53-69.

WILSON, G. S., and MILES, A. A.

1955. Topley and Wilson's principles of bacteriology and immunity.

4th ed., vol. 1, 1,106+xlviii pp. Baltimore.

WOLCOTT, G. N.

1924. The food of Porto Rican lizards. Journ. Dept. Agr. Porto

Rico, vol. 7, pp. 5-37.

1924a. Entomologica económica Puertorriqueña. Estac. Exp. Insular,

Río Piedras, Bol. No. 32, 176 pp.

1936. "Insectae borinquensis." Journ. Agr. Univ. Puerto Rico, vol.

20, pp. 1-627.

1937. What the giant Surinam toad, _Bufo marinus_ L., is eating

now in Puerto Rico. Journ. Agr. Univ. Puerto Rico, vol. 21, pp.

79-84.

1941. A supplement to "Insectae borinquensis." Journ. Agr. Univ.

Puerto Rico, vol. 25, pp. 22-158.

1950. The insects of Puerto Rico. Journ. Agr. Univ. Puerto Rico,

1948, vol. 32, pp. 1-224.

1951. The insects of Puerto Rico: Hymenoptera, acknowledgements,

addenda et corrigenda and index. Journ. Agr. Univ. Puerto Rico,

1948, vol. 32, pp. 749-975.

1953. The food of the mongoose (_Herpestes javanicus

auropunctatus_ Hodgson) in St. Croix and Puerto Rico. Journ. Agr.

Univ. Puerto Rico, vol. 37, pp. 241-247.

WOLF, J.

1924. Contribution à la morphologie des bacteroïdes des blattes

(_Periplaneta orientalis_ L.). Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol., Paris, vol.

91, pp. 1180-1182.

1924a. Contribution à localisation des bactéroïdes dans les corps

adipeux des blattes (_Periplaneta orientalis_ L.) Compt. Rend.

Soc. Biol., Paris, vol. 91, pp. 1182-1183.

WOLLMAN, E.

1926. Observations sur une lignée aseptique de blattes (_Blattella

germanica_) datant de cinq ans. Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol., Paris,

vol. 95, pp. 164-165.

1927. Le rôle des mouches dans le transport de quelques germes

importants pour la pathologie tunisienne. Arch. Inst. Pasteur,

Tunis, vol. 16, pp. 347-364.

WOLLMAN, E.; ANDERSON, C.; and COLAS-BELCOUR, J.

1928. Recherches sur la conservation des virus hémophiles chez les

insectes. Arch. Inst. Pasteur, Tunis, vol. 17, pp. 229-232.

WOLTERS, M.

1891. Die Conjugation und Sporenbildung bei Gregarinen. Arch.

Mikros. Anat., vol. 37, pp. 99-138, 4 pls.

WOMERSLEY, H.

1956. On some new Acarina--Mesostigmata from Australia, New Zealand

and New Guinea. Journ. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 42, pp. 505-599.

WOODCOCK, H. M.

1904. On _Cystobia irregularis_ (Minch.) and allied "neogamous"

gregarines. (Preliminary note.) Arch. Zool. Exp. et Gén., ser. 4,

vol. 2, Notes et Rev. No. 8, pp. cxxv-cxxviii.

WRAY, D. L., and BRIMLEY, C. S.

1943. The insect inquilines and victims of pitcher plants in North

Carolina. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., vol. 36, pp. 128-137.

YAKIMOV, V. L., and MILLER, G. A.

1922. Les protozoaires de l'intestin de l'homme en dehors de

l'organisme de l'homme. L'examen de l'intestin du _Periplaneta

orientalis_. Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., Paris, vol. 15, pp. 8-11.

[Essentially the same article appeared in Russian in Arkh. Russk.

Protist. Obsh., vol. 1, pp. 131-132; German summary p. 133.]

YAMAGUTI, S., and MIYATA, I.

1942. Über die Entwicklungsgeschichte von _Moniliformis dubius_

Meyer, 1933 (Acanthocephala) mit besonderer Berücksichtigung seiner

Entwicklung im Zwischenwirt. 32 pp. Kyoto.

YARWOOD, E. A.

1937. The life cycle of _Adelina cryptocerci_ sp. nov., a coccidian

parasite of the roach _Cryptocercus punctulatus_. Parasitology,

vol. 29, pp. 370-390, 4 pls.

YETWIN, I. J.

1932. A study of the intracellular symbionts in the fat body of

_Blatella germanica_ Linn. M. S. thesis, Univ. Chicago, 56 pp.

1953. The cytology of the fat body of the common roach, _Blatella

germanica_, with emphasis on intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies.

Mil. Surgeon, vol. 113, pp. 111-113.

YOKOGAWA, S.

1924. On the cancroid growths caused by _Gongylonema-orientale_ n.

sp. in the rat. "Gann," Japanese Journ. Cancer Res., vol. 18, pp.

48-69, 2 pls.

1925. On a new species of nematode, _Gongylonema orientale_, found

in Formosa. Journ. Parasitol., vol. 11, pp. 195-200, 1 pl.

1925a. On the cancroid growths caused by _Gongylonema orientale_

n. sp. in the rat. Taiwan Igakki Zasshi, Journ. Med. Assoc.

Formosa, No. 240, pp. 1-20.

YOUNG, F. N.

1949. Insects from burrows of _Peromyscus polionotus_. Florida

Ent., vol. 32, p. 77.

YOUNG, M. D.

1935. Description, incidence, and cultivation of _Tetratrichomastix

blattidarum_ n. sp. from the cockroach. Journ. Parasitol., vol. 21,

pp. 309-310.

1937. Cockroaches as carriers of _Giardia_ cysts. Journ.

Parasitol., vol. 23, pp. 102-103.

ZACHER, F.

1917. Die Geradflüger Deutschlands und ihre Verbreitung. 287 pp.

Jena.

1920. Schaben als Schädlinge in Gewächshäusern. Gartenflora,

Berlin, No. 13/14, pp. 165-168. [Translated by H. L. Middleton.]

ZALESSKII, ǏǓ. M.

1939. Sur une nouvelle blatte permienne portant un oviscapte. [Par

Georges Zalessky.] Ann. Soc. Géol. du Nord, vol. 64, pp. 85-94.

1953. New Permian cockroaches from the family Spiloblattinidae.

(In Russian.) Ent. Obozrenie, vol. 33, pp. 266-272. [Pertinent

sections translated by M. Ycas.]

ZAPPE, M. P.

1918. A cockroach pest of greenhouses, _Pycnoscelus_ (_Leucophaea_)

_surinamensis_ Linn. Connecticut Agr. Exp. Stat., Bull. No. 203,

pp. 302-313, 4 pls.

1918a. Life history and development of the greenhouse cockroach.

_Pycnoscelus surinamensis_ Linn. Connecticut Agr. Exp. Stat.,

Bull. No. 211, pp. 311-313.

ZASUKHIN, D. N.

1928. Zur Frage über die Parasiten der Protozoen. Parasiten von

_Nyctotherus ovalis_ Leidy. Arch. Protistenk., vol. 64, pp. 61-70,

2 pls.

1929. Usloviia obitaniia, stroenie i razvitie _Endamoeba blattae_

(Bütschli) Leidy (1879.) [Lebensbedingungen, Cytologie und

Entwicklung von _Endamoeba blattae_ Büt. (Leidy) 1879.] Russk.

Arkh. Protistenk., vol. 8, pp. 163-244, 4 pls. (German summary pp.

240-244.)

1930. Lebensbedingungen, Cytologie und Entwicklung von _Endamoeba

blattae_ Büt. (Leidy) 1879. Arch. Protistenk., vol. 70, pp.

681-686.

1934. Hyperparasitism in protozoa. Quart. Rev. Biol., vol. 9, pp.

215-224.

ZHIVAGO, P.

1909. Ueber Vermehrung bei _Pleistophora periplanetae_ Lutz und

Splendore. Zool. Anz., vol. 34, pp. 647-654.

ZIMMERMAN, E. C.

1944. New cockroach egg parasite from Honolulu. Proc. Hawaiian Ent.

Soc., vol. 12, p. 20.

1948. Insects of Hawaii. Vol. 2, Apterygota to Thysanoptera,

inclusive. 475 pp. Honolulu.

ZMEEV, G. I.

1936. Les insectes synanthropes comme hôtes intermédiaires et hôtes

vecteurs des helminthes au Tadjikistan. (In Russian, French

summary.) Trudy Tadzhiksk. Bazy Akad. Nauk SSSR, vol. 6, pp.

241-248. [Russian text translated by M. Ycas.]

1940. Certain points in the epidemiology of dysentery and its

endemic foci in Central Asia connected with the cockroach

_Shelfordella tartara_ Sauss. (In Russian.) Second conference on

Parasitological problems. November 1940, Leningrad, p. 35. Izd.

Akad. Nauk SSSR, Moscow. [From Rev. App. Ent., 1946, ser. B., vol.

34, p. 110.]

ZULUETA, A. DE.

1916. Sobre la estructura y bipartición de _Nyctotherus ovalis_

Leidy. Trab. Mus. Nac. Cienc. Nat., Madrid, ser. Zool., No. 26, pp.

1-16.

PLATES

[Illustration: PL. 2

_Blaberus craniifer_, nymph. (Photograph by Jack Salmon.)]

[Illustration: PL. 3

_Blaberus giganteus_, c. × 2.2. (Photograph by Jack Salmon.)]

[Illustration: PL. 4

_Blatta orientalis_, c. × 3.8. A, Male. B, Female. (Photographs by

Jack Salmon.)]

[Illustration: PL. 5

A-B, _Blattella germanica_, c. × 5.2. A, Male. B, Female.

C-D, _Blattella vaga_, c. × 5.2. C, Male. D, Female with oötheca.]

[Illustration: PL. 6

_Byrsotria fumigata_, c. × 2. A, Brachypterous male. B, Macropterous

male. C, Female.]

[Illustration: PL. 7

A and B, _Cariblatta lutea minima_, × 10. A, Male. B, Female with

partly formed oötheca. C, _Ectobius pallidus_, female with completely

formed oötheca, × 8. (C, From Roth and Willis [1957].)]

[Illustration: PL. 8

A, _Cryptocercus punctulatus_, c. × 4.6. (Photograph by Jack Salmon.)

B, _Panesthia australis_, × 2.8.]

[Illustration: PL. 9

_Cutilia_ sp. near _sedilloti_, c. × 5. A, Male. B, Female.]

[Illustration: PL. 10

_Diploptera punctata_, c. × 5. A, Male. B, Female.]

[Illustration: PL. 11

_Eurycotis floridana_, c. × 2.8. A, Male. B, Female. (Photographs by

Jack Salmon.)]

[Illustration: PL. 12

A-B, _Gromphadorhina portentosa_, c. × 1.5. A, Male nymph. B, Adult

female. C, _Coleolaelaps_ (?) sp., a mite from _G. portentosa_,

c. × 32. (Glycerine jelly preparation and photograph of C by Dr.

Barbara Stay.)]

[Illustration: PL. 12A

_Ischnoptera deropeltiformis_, c. × 5.3. A, Male. B, Female.]

[Illustration: PL. 13

_Leucophaea maderae_, c. × 2.2. A, Male. B, Female. (Photographs by

Jack Salmon.)]

[Illustration: PL. 14

_Nauphoeta cinerea_, c. × 3.4. A, Male. B, Female.]

[Illustration: PL. 15

_Neostylopyga rhombifolia_, c. × 3.4. A, Male. B, Female with

partially formed oötheca.]

[Illustration: PL. 16

_Panchlora nivea_, × 4.5. A, Dead individual showing normal, pale

green coloration. B, Dead individual showing the bright red coloration

(very dark areas) characteristic of infection with _Serratia

marcescens_. C, Living male. D, Living female.]

[Illustration: PL. 17

A, _Parcoblatta pensylvanica_, female with completely formed oötheca,

× 4. B, _Parcoblatta virginica_, female with partly formed oötheca, ×

7.3.]

[Illustration: PL. 18

_Parcoblatta uhleriana_, c. × 5.5. A, Male. B, Female with oötheca.]

[Illustration: PL. 19

_Periplaneta americana_, c. × 3. A, Male. B, Female. (Photographs by

Jack Salmon.)]

[Illustration: PL. 20

_Periplaneta australasiae_, c. × 3.2. A, Male. B, Female. (Photographs

by Jack Salmon.)]

[Illustration: PL. 21

_Periplaneta brunnea_, c. × 2.9. A, Male. B, Female.]

[Illustration: PL. 22

_Periplaneta fuliginosa_, c. × 2.9. A. Male. B. Female.]

[Illustration: PL. 23

_Platyzosteria novae seelandiae_, c. × 2.9. A. Male. B, Female with

oötheca.]

[Illustration: PL. 24

_Pycnoscelus surinamensis_, c. × 3.7. A, Male from Hawaii. B,

Macropterous parthenogenetic female from Florida. C, Brachypterous

nonparthenogenetic female from Hawaii. D, Late instar nymph.

(Photograph of nymph D, by Jack Salmon.)]

[Illustration: PL. 25

_Supella supellectilium_, c. × 6.3. A, Male. B, Female.]

[Illustration: PL. 26

Bacteroids from _Blattella germanica_. A, Part of abdomen showing

mycetocytes in fat body, × 225. B, Lobe of fat body showing 3

mycetocytes, × 750. C, Single mycetocyte; bacteroids appear hollow as

result of fixation in Carnoy's fluid, × 1725. D, Smear of fat body

showing bacteroids in various stages, × 1800. (All preparations and

photographs through the courtesy of Dr. Marion A. Brooks.)]

[Illustration: PL. 27

Fungi parasitic on cockroaches. A, _Herpomyces arietinus_ growing on

antennae, legs, body, and cerci of a nymph of _Parcoblatta virginica_,

× 7. B, _Herpomyces stylopygae_ on antenna of _Blatta orientalis_,

× 35. (Reproduced from Richards and Smith [1955, 1956].)

C, _Herpomyces_ sp. [probably _H. stylopygae_] on antenna of

_B. orientalis_, × 132. (Photographs B and C through the courtesy of

Dr. A. G. Richards.)]

[Illustration: PL. 28

A-B, Gregarines (_Diplocystis_ sp.?) from _Blaberus craniifer_. A,

Organisms removed from intestine, × 50. B, Organisms removed from

hemocoele, × 32. C, Gregarine cysts in feces of _Leucophaea maderae_,

× 12.]

[Illustration: PL. 29

A, Undetermined mermithid that parasitizes _Ectobius pallidus_. × 9.

The worm has partly emerged from the neck region of the cockroach.

(Reproduced from Roth and Willis [1957].) B, Undetermined gordian worm

that parasitized _Eurycotis floridana_ shown beside its host, × 1.8.

(Specimen courtesy of Dr. T. Eisner.)]

[Illustration: PL. 30

A, _Heteropoda venatoria_, a cockroach-hunting spider, slightly less

than natural size, on bananas. (Reproduced from a Kodachrome

transparency through the courtesy of Dr. B. J. Kaston.) B to E,

_Lycosa_ sp. (_avida_?) capturing and feeding on a nymph of _Supella

supellectilium_ in the laboratory, × 1.4.]

[Illustration: PL. 31.

The centipede _Scutigera coleoptrata_ capturing and feeding on

cockroaches in the laboratory. A to E, Pursuit, capture, and eating

of a nymph of _Supella supellectilium_, c. × 1.2. F, Centipede

feeding on adult of _Blattella germanica_, × 1.8.]

[Illustration: PL. 32

The mantid _Hierodula tenuidentata_ (?) devouring a nymph of

_Periplaneta australasiae_, c. × 1.5.]

[Illustration: PL. 33

A, _Prosevania punctata_ [M] beside an oötheca of _Periplaneta

americana_, × 5. B, _Hyptia harpyoides_ with oötheca of _Parcoblatta

uhleriana_ from which it had emerged, × 5. C, Larva of a lampyrid

beetle feeding on _Parcoblatta virginica_ in the laboratory, × 4.]

[Illustration: PL. 34

Chalcid parasites of cockroach eggs. A, _Anastatus floridanus_

ovipositing into an oötheca which is still being carried by

_Eurycotis floridana_, c. × 4. B, _Comperia merceti_ ovipositing into

an oötheca of _Supella supellectilium_, c. × 13.

C, _Tetrastichus hagenowii_ ovipositing into an oötheca of

_Periplaneta americana_, c. × 10. (C from Roth and Willis [1954b].)]

[Illustration: PL. 35

_Ampulex compressa_ attacking _Periplaneta_ sp. (presumably

_americana_), about natural size.

A, The wasp finds a cockroach. B, She stings the prey in the thorax.

C, She then leads the disabled cockroach (antennae clipped) to her

nest. D, The wasp's egg was placed on the coxa of the cockroach's

right mesothoracic leg where it hatched. E, Portion of the host's

abdomen removed to show feeding larva. F, New adult wasp emerging

from dead host. (Reproduced from F. X. Williams [1942] from the

color paintings of the late W. Twigg-Smith, through the courtesy

of F. A. Bianchi.)]

[Illustration: PL. 36

Chemical defense of _Diploptera punctata_ against predators; the spray

pattern is displayed on KI-starch indicator paper. A, Spray pattern

after right mesothoracic leg was pinched. B, Cumulative spray pattern

after left mesothoracic leg of the same insect was pinched. C, The

defensive glands of the cockroach on the left had been excised, and it

is under persistent attack by ants from a laboratory colony of

_Pogonomyrmex badius_ (Latreille). The intact cockroach on the right

was also attacked by the ants, but it discharged a spray of quinones

and repelled the attackers. (From Eisner [1958], through the courtesy

of Dr. T. Eisner.)]

INDEX

Plate and page numbers in boldface type indicate illustrations. In

general, entries are placed in the index as unmodified substantives

except where a modifier contributes significantly to the identification

of the item (e.g., blue heads, prairie dog). This index should be used

in conjunction with the indexed check list of natural associations

(pages 290 to 310) because these are not repeated here. All experimental

associations are indexed below except those involving _Blatta

orientalis_, _Blattella germanica_, and _Periplaneta americana_ that are

cited on pages that also contain references to the natural associations

of these three species.

_Abies_ sp., 257

Acacia, 56, 69

_Acacia farnesiana_, 155, 164

_harpophylla_, 55

sp., 155

_Acanthinevania princeps_, 235

Acanthocephala, 203

_Acanthogyna deplanata_, 7

Acaridae, 217

Acarina, 210, 216

_Acheta domestica_, 320

_Achromobacter hyalinum_, 110

sp., 110

Achromobacteriaceae, 110

_Acridotheres tristis_, 281

_Acrocomia aculeata_, 142

_Acromyrmex lobicornis_, 312, 313

_lundi_, 312

_niger_, 312

_octospinosus_, 312

_silvestrii_, 312

_Acropyga acutinventris_, 317

Actinocephalidae, 184

Actinomycetaceae, 124

Actinomycetales, 123

Adeleidae, 184

_Adelina cryptocerci_, 184-185

_Aechmaea porteoides_, 144

_Aerobacter aerogenes_, 111

_cloacae_, 112

sp., 112

Aeschnidae, 224

_Agamerion metallica_, 243

Agamidae, 275

_Agamospirura parahormeticae_, 205

_Agaricus_, 164

Agave, 43, 57

_Agelaius xanthomus_, 282

_Agis orientalis_, 7, 27

_Aglaopteryx absimilis_, 7, 35, 156, 317

_devia_, 7

_diaphana_, 7, 35, 36, 145, 146, 290, 339

_facies_, 7, 35, 156, 290, 317, 318

_gemma_, 7, 36, 140, 143, 144, 153, 158, 159, 339

_vegeta_, 7, 146

_ypsilon_, 7, 75

Aircraft, 87-90

_Alcaligenes faecalis_, 111

_recti_, 111

_viscosus_, 111

Algaroba, 45, 156, 164

_Allacta similis_, 7, 36, 75, 276, 290

_Allothereua maculata_, 223

_Alluaudellina cavernicola_, 7, 17

_Alluaudella cavernicola_, 7

_Alpinia_, 163

_Alsophila_ sp., 139

Alsophilas, 164

_Amazonina emarginata_, 7, 36, 146, 158

_Ameiva exsul_, 275

sp., 275

_Amitermes_, 102

_Amoeba blattae_, 177

_coli_, 178

undetermined sp., 181

Amoebidae, 177

Amoebina, 177

Amphibia, 269-272

Amphibians, 3, 353

_Amphibolurus barbatus_, 275

_Amphoromorpha blattina_, 139

sp., 139

_Ampulex_, 2, 256

_amoena_, 256-257

_assimilis_, 257

_canaliculata_, 94, 257-258, 352

_compressa_, 258-259, 352; =pl. 35=

_compressiventris_, 260

_fasciata_, 259

_novarae_, 256

_ruficornis_, 259

_siberica_, 260

_sibirica_, 259

_sonnerati_, 260

Ampulicidae, 256

Anacardiaceae, 157

_Ananas comosus_, 144

_Anaphothrips_ sp., 317

_Anaplecta asema_, 7, 36

_azteca_, 7, 145

_decipiens_, 7, 36

_fallax_, 7, 36

_hemiscotia_, 7, 36

_lateralis_, 7, 36

_mexicana_, 7, 145

spp., 88, 145, 290

_Anastatus blattidarum_, 246

_blattidifurax_, 245

_floridanus_, 94, 245, 255, 319; =pl. 34=

_tenuipes_, 94, 246, 255, 350

Anatidae, 277

_Anax strenuus_, 224

_Ancylostoma caninum_, 209

_ceylanicum_, 209

_duodenale_, 209

Ancylostomidae, 209

_Androctonus australis_, 211

_Aneurina tahuata_, 7, 160

_viridis_, 7, 155, 160, 161

_Anguillula macrura_, 195

_Anisogamia_, 26

Annato, 159

_Annetta_, Steamship, 149

Anoetidae, 217

_Anolis carolinensis_, 273, 346

_cristatellus_, 273

_equestris_, 273, 345, 346

_grahami_, 274

_leachi_, 274

_pulchellus_, 273

_sagrei_, 274

sp., 274

_stratulus_, 274

Anseriformes, 277

Antagonism, interspecies, 341-343

Antbird, 280

Antibiotics, 97-98, 346

Ants, 57, 266-268, 316, 317, 350

Argentine, 268, 319

army, 228, 267, 268, 280, 350

big-headed, 268

carpenter, 267

hosts of cockroaches, 311-314

predaceous, 266

safari, 267

wood, 317

_Aorurus_ (_Thelastoma_) _appendiculatus_, 196

_diesingi_, 195

_philippinensis_, 193

_sphaerolaima_, 194

_Aotes zonalis_, 284

_Aotus_, 284

_Aphaenogaster picea_, 267

_Aphelocoma coerulesens_, 280

Aphids, 62

_Aphlebia maculata_, 10

_punctata_, 10

Apocynaceae, 161

_Apolyta_, 9

_Apotrogia angolensis_, 7, 17

Apple, 166

_Aptera cingulata_, 7

_fusca_, 7, 290, 329

_Apteroblatta perplexa_, 7, 18

Aquifoliaceae, 158

Arachnida, 211

Arachnids, 34

Araceae, 143

_Aranea_, 214

Araneida, 214

Arbor vitae, 44

Archiacanthocephala, 203

_Archiblatta hoevenii_, 7, 329

_Archimandrita marmorata_, 7, 147

_tessellata_, 7, 147

_Arenivaga apacha_, 7, 23, 26, 27

_bolliana_, 7, 23, 26, 27, 37, 290

_erratica_, 7, 23, 26, 27

_floridensis_, 7, 24, 37

_grata_, 7, 17, 18, 37

_roseni_, 7, 24, 26, 27, 291

_tonkawa_, 7, 24

_Aristida pennata_, 65, 141

_Aristiger histrio_, 7, 37, 159, 316

Armadillo, 287

Army transports, 84

_Arthroleptis variabilis_, 270

Arthromitaceae, 124

_Arthromitus intestinalis_, 124

Arthropoda, 210-268

_Arum_ sp., 143

Ascalaphidae, 227

Ascaridae, 209

_Ascaris lumbricoides_, 209

sp., 209

_suum_, 209

Ascaroidea, 209

Aschelminthes, 192, 204, 209

Ascomycetes, 133

_Asmorrhiza longistylis_, 240

_Asparagus officinalis_, 235

Aspen, 46, 152, 164

Aspergillaceae, 129

_Aspergillus flavus_, 130

_fumigatus_, 130

_niger_, 130

sp., 130, 131

_sydowi_, 130

_tamarii_, 130

_Aspiduchus borinquen_, 7, 18, 37, 333-334

_cavernicola_, 8, 18, 334

_deplanatus_, 7, 8, 37

_Asplenium nidus_, 44

Assembling of cockroaches, 331-334

Associations, 6, 15, 91-96

among cockroaches, 324-343

biotic, 2, 91, 94-96

classification of, 91, 95-96

ecological, 14-90, 324-343

facultative, 95-96

familial, 325-330

gregarious, 330-336

interspecies, 337-343

intraspecies, 336-337

mutualism, 96-102

number of, 3, 5

obligate, 95

obscure, 96, 316-319

with man, 70-90

_Astata_, 255

_Ateles dariensis_, 284

Athel, 39

_Atta cephalotes_, 313

_fervens_, 313

_lundi_, 312

_nigra_, 312

_octospinosa_, 313

_sexdens_, 313

_texana_, 313

_Attacus atlas_, 320

_Attaphila aptera_, 8, 313

_bergi_, 8, 312, 313

_flava_, 8, 314

_fungicola_, 8, 313

_schuppi_, 8, 312

_sexdentis_, 8, 313

sp., 313

_Atticola mortoni_, 8, 312

Attraction, intraspecies, 328-334

to decaying material, 53, 59-63

to honeydew, 62

to lights, 52, 61, 64, 66, 79, 81

_Audreia bromeliadarum_, 8, 31, 37, 145

_jamaicana_, 8, 37

_marginata_, 11

Aves, 276-282

_Avicularia avicularia_, 214

sp., 214

"B. aerobia del pseudoedema maligno," 125

_B. alcaligenes beckeri_, 125

_faecalis_, 111

_recti_, 111

"B. del pseudoedema maligno," 125

_B. violaceus_, 106

Baboon, 286

Bacillaceae, 120

Bacilli, colon, 126

paracolon, 113

"Bacillo del barbone dei bufali," 126

"proteisimile," 126

"similcarbonchio," 126

"similtifo," 126

"tifosimile," 126

"Bacillus," 126

"subtilis group," 122

_Bacillus acidi lactici_, 112

_albolactis_, 120

_alcaligenes faecalis_, 111

_anthracis_, 120

_bütschlii_, 120

_cereus_, 120

_circulans_, 120

_cloacae_, 112

_faecalis alkaligenes_, 111

_flacheriae_, 121

_lactis aerogenes_, 111

_megaterium_, 121

_monachae_, 121

_periplanetae_, 121

_prodigiosus_, 117

_radiciformis_, 121

_stellatus_, 121

_subtilis_, 121

_tritus_, 122

Bacteria, 2-3, 100-101, 104-127, 346

"spirochaetoid," 127

Bacteriaceae, 119

"Bacterium," 126

_Bacterium alkaligenes_, 119

_delendae-muscae_, 120

_haemophosphoreum_, 120

_monache_, 121

_prodigiosum_, 117

_Bacteroides uncatus_, 119

Bacteroids, 96-100; =pl. 26=

Badger, 289

_Balantidium_, 101

_blattarum_, 187

_coli_, 187

_ovatum_, 187

_praenucleatum_, 187

sp., 187

_Ballota nigra_, 38

_Balta godeffroyi_, 8, 37

_patula_, 8, 291

_platysoma_, 8, 317

_quadricaudata_, 8, 37, 141

_scripta_, 8, 37, 141, 326

_torresiana_, 8, 38, 141

_verticalis_, 8, 38, 141

Bamboo, 44, 141

_Bambusicola thoracica_, 277

Banana, 36, 40, 53, 54, 58, 66, 82, 146-151, 163, 165, 215

blossoms, 36, 41, 56, 57, 146-148

_Bantua stigmosa_, 8, 99

"Barata selvagem," 194, 199, 200

"sylvestre," 188, 189

"Baratas de pau podre," 200

_Barbulanympha_, 102

_coahoma_, 173

_estaboga_, 173

_laurabuda_, 174

sp., 175

_ufalula_, 174

_wenyoni_, 174

Bark, 36-38, 42, 43, 45-65, 141, 152, 153, 160, 164, 165

Bass, large-mouth black, 269

_Bassariscus astutus_, 288

Bat, 77, 283

caves, 17-18, 21-23

Batrachians, unidentified, 272

Bayberry, 43, 44, 152

_Beauveria bassiana_, 131

Bedbug, 321-322

Beech, 47, 61, 62

Bees, 314, 318

Beetles, 26, 34, 57, 63, 91, 229-234, 318, 347, 348

black (see _Blatta orientalis_)

black larder, 234

rhinocerus, 317

_Bertramia blatellae_, 185

_Beta maritima_, 47, 153

_vulgaris cicla_, 153

_Binema mirsaia_, 193

Birds, 3, 4, 276-282, 353

nests, 35, 318

Bites, cockroach, 83, 322, 336-337

mite, 220

spider, 215

_Bixa_ sp., 159

Bixaceae, 159

_Blabera fusca_, 8, 322

_Blaberus atropos_, 8, 18, 38, 125, 147, 203, 204, 291, 322, 344

_boliviensis_, 8, 147

_clarazianus_, 8

_craniifer_ 8, 18, 75, 97, 99, 116-118, 132, 138, 291, 322, 330,

333, 336, 339, 344; pls. 1, 2, 28

=_cubensis_, 8=

_discoidalis_, 8, 38, 75, 85, 147, 151, 163, 291, 318, 330, 334, 339

_giganteus_, 8, 18, 38, 99, 291; =pl. 3=

"_maderae_," 11, 248

spp., 38, 290, 291

Blackbird, 282

Puerto Rican, 282

yellow-shouldered, 282

_Blaptica dubia_, 8, 292

Blastocystidaceae, 133

_Blastocystis hominis_, 133

sp., 133

"_Blatella americana_," 108, 110, 119, 121, 122

_Blatta aegyptiaca_, 13

_aethiopica_, 13

_americana_, 12

_caraibea_, 79

_concinna_, 10

_humbertiana_, 8

(_Shelfordella_) _lateralis_, 8, 18, 38, 71, 75, 292

_melanocephala_, 13

_notulata_, 10

_orientalis_, 8, 18, 38, 70-72, 75-76, 84, 85, 88, 96, 99, 100, 118,

123, 128, 129, 131, 151, 153, 162, 163, 190, 204, 205, 212, 219,

222, 224-226, 232, 235, 237, 245, 255, 269, 275, 276, 292-293,

320-323, 325-327, 331, 332, 334-336, 338, 341, 342, 346, 347, 352;

=pls. 4, 27=

sp., 292

Blattaria, 3, 224

_Blattarum alatarum_, 83

_Blattelicola blattelicola_, 193

_Blattella bisignata_, 8

_brunneriana_, 11

_chichimeca_, 10

_delicatula_, 8

_germanica_, 8, 17, 18, 39, 70-72, 76, 83-85, 87, 88, 96-101,

103-105, 114, 118, 119, 124, 126, 131, 143, 171, 192, 204, 205,

211, 212, 219, 222, 225-227, 234-236, 240, 241, 255, 272, 276,

277, 283, 293-294, 320, 321, 323, 324, 328, 331, 332, 334, 335,

337-342, 347-349; =pls. 5, 26, 31=

_humbertiana_, 8, 39, 142, 144, 294, 336

_lituricollis_, 8, 263, 295

_nahua_, 11

_schubotzi_, 8, 76

spp. 88, 145, 295

_vaga_, 8, 27, 39, 77, 135, 141, 166, 255, 293, 320, 328; =pl. 5=

_Blatticida ashmeadi_, 243

_pulchra_, 243

_Blatticidella ashmeadi_, 243

_Blatticola_, 199

_aegyptiaca_, 195

_blattae_, 193-194

_blatticola_, 193

"Blattidae sylvestres," 200

_Blattilaelaps nauphoetae_, 216

_Blattina concinna_, 10

_Blattisocius tineivorus_, 216

_triodons_, 216

_Blattophila sphaerolaima_, 194

_sphaerolaima_ var. _javanica_, 194

_supellaima_, 194

_Blattotetrastichus hagenowii_, 249

Bluegills, 269

Blue heads, 269

Blue jay, 280, 346

Bobolink, 282

_Bodo Blattae_, 167

sp., 167

Bodonidae, 167

Bog, peat, 46

Boraginaceae, 161

_Bounty_, H. M. S., 83

_Brachygaster_, 350

_minutus_, 235-236, 351

Bracken, 45, 47

Brambles, 51, 155

Breadfruit, 162

Bream, 269

Bromeliaceae, 144

Bromeliads, 31, 36, 37, 41, 42, 45, 49, 50, 54, 56, 57, 68, 144-146,

320

_Brucella abortus_, 119

_Buboblatta armata_, 8, 145

Bucerotidae, 279

_Bufo funereus_, 270

_ictericus_, 270

_marinus_, 270, 345, 346, 353

_valliceps_, 270

Bufonidae, 270

_Bulhõesia bulhõesi_, 200

_icemi_, 200

_magalhãesi_, 194

_severianoi_, 200

Bullfrog, 271

Burrows, 27

cockroach, 55, 58, 67, 68, 328, 344

relative humidity in, 26

vertebrate, 23-24, 26, 27, 29

_Bursera simaruba_, 157

Burseraceae, 157

_Busaria blattarum_, 188

Busariidae, 187

Buthidae, 211

_Buthus australis_, 211-212

Butterfly nests, 66, 156, 317

_Byrsotria cabrerae_, 8, 40

_fumigata_, 8, 19, 40, 225, 333, 354; =pl. 6=

Cacao, 43, 52, 53, 55

Cacomistle, 288

Cafards, 207

_Cahita borero_, 8, 40

_nahua_, 8, 40

Caladium, 66, 143

Callithricidae, 285

_Callithrix chrysoleucos_, 285

_chrysolevea_, 285

_jacchus_, 285

_Callitris_ sp., 55

_Calluna vulgaris_, 160

_Calodexia venteris_, 228

spp., 228

_Caloglyphus spinitarsus_, 217

sp., 218

_Calyptracordia alba_, 161

Camouflage, 344

_Camponotus femoratus_, 311, 314

_maccooki_, 316

_maculatus_, 312

_pennsylvanicus_, 267

_rufipes_, 312

_Candida zeylanoides_, 129

Canidae, 288

_Canis familiaris_, 288

_latrans_, 288

_Canna_, 151, 163

Cannaceae, 151

Cannibalism, 322-324

_Cantao ocellatus_, 320

_Canthium barbatum_, 161

Capá blanco, 66

_Capillaria hepatica_, 210

_Capucinella delicatula_, 147

Carabidae, 229

Carboniferous, 14

Care, maternal, 325-330

_Cariblatta antiguensis_, 8, 40, 158, 161

_cuprea_, 8, 40

_delicatula_, 8, 40, 143, 147, 295

_hylaea_, 8, 40, 147, 153

_imitans_, 8, 41

_insularis_, 8, 41, 145, 147, 339

_landalei_, 8, 41, 147

_lutea_, 23

_lutea lutea_, 8, 41, 153, 158, 295

_lutea minima_, 8, 42, 143; =pl. 7=

_nebulicola_, 8, 42, 145, 340

_orestera_, 8, 151

_punctipennis_, 8, 147

_punctulata_, 8, 143

_reticulosa_, 8, 42

spp., 42, 88

_stenophrys_, 8, 42, 142, 156

_Cariblattoides instigator_, 8, 43

_suave_, 8, 43

_Carica papaya_, 159

Caricaceae, 159

Carnations, 163

Carnivora, 288

_Carpinus orientalis_, 38

Caryophanales, 124

_Casuarina_, 152, 164

Casuarinaceae, 152

Cat, 4, 289

ring-tailed, 288

Caterpillars, 319

_Catopsis fulgens_, 144

_Cattleya_, 151, 162-163

Caudata, 269

Caves, 16-17

_Cavia_ sp., 288

Caviidae, 288

Cebidae, 284

_Cebus apella_, 284

_capucinus_, 284

_Cecropia_ sp., 40, 153

Cedar, Japanese, 164

Centipedes, 3, 222-224, 319

house, 222

_Centruroides gracilis_, 212

_hentzi_, 212

_vitattus_, 212

_Cephalobellus brevicaudatum_, 194

_magalhãesi_, 194

_Cephalosporium_ sp., 131

_Ceratinoptera diaphana_, 7

_picta_, 8, 43, 159

_Ceratonia siliqua_, 156

Cercopithecidae, 286

_Cercopithecus_ sp., 286, 343

Cestoda, 208

Chactidae, 212

_Chaetochloa verticillata_, 142

_Chaetodactylus_ sp., 218

_Chalceus macrolepidotos_, 269

_Challenger_, H. M. S., 83

_Chamaeleon chamaeleon_, 275

_oustaleti_, 275

Chamaeleontidae, 275

Chameleon, 275

Channel cat, 269

Characidae, 269

_Cheiloneurus viridiscutum_, 244

Chelonia, 272

Chemotaxis, 331

Chenopodiaceae, 153

Chestnut, 44, 60-61

Chicken, 68, 82, 276, 278

Chilicabra, 281

Chilomastigidae, 169

_Chilomastix mesnili_, 169

Chilopoda, 222

Chimpanzee, 286

Chiroptera, 283

_Chlamydosaurus kingii_, 275

_Chlorion compressum_, 258

_Chloris gayana_, 141

_Chordodes morgani_, 201

_pilosus_, 202

_puerilis_, 201

Chordodidae, 201

_"Chordotes" puerilis_, 201

_Chorisoneura barbadensis_, 8, 147

_flavipennis_, 8, 43

_formosella_, 8, 43, 160

_parishi_, 8, 43

_plocea_, 8

sp., 295

_specilliger_, 8, 43

_texensis_, 8, 43, 152, 153, 157, 161, 316

_translucida_, 8, 44

_Choristima_ sp., 9, 295

_Choristimodes_ sp., 9, 295

_Chromatonotus infuscatus_, 9, 44

_notatus_, 9, 44, 77

_Chromobacterium violaceum_, 106

Chrysanthemums, 165

_Chrysemys picta_, 272

Cicadas, 257

Ciliata, 186

Ciliate, unidentified, 190

_Cimex lectularius_, 321

_Cinchona pubescens_, 162, 163

_Ciniflo_, 214

_Citharexylum villosum_, 43, 161

_Citrus aurantifolia_, 157

_maxima_, 157

_sinensis_, 157

sp., 157, 164

Cleonymidae, 243

_Clepsidrina blattarum_, 181

_Clerada apicicornis_, 226

_Clerodendron trichotomum_, 256-257

_Clevelandella constricta_, 189

_contorta_, 189

_elongata_, 189

_hastula_, 189

_nipponensis_, 189

_panesthiae_, 189

_parapanesthiae_, 189

Clevelandellidae, 102, 189

_Clevelandia_, 189

Clevelandiidae, 189

_Clostridium feseri_, 122

_lentoputrescens_, 122

_novyi_, 122

_perfringens_, 122

_sporogenes_, 122

spp., 122

_tetani_, 122

_Clubiona_, 214

_Cnemidophorus_ sp., 275

Coati, 288

Coccidia, 184

_Coccidioides periplanetae_, 133

Coccinellidae, 348

"Coccobacillus," 126

_Coccobacillus cajae_, 120

Cockroach, American (see _Periplaneta americana_)

amphibious, 30-33, 48

aposymbiotic, 97-99

Australian (see _Periplaneta australasiae_)

beetle (see _Diploptera punctata_)

brown (see _Periplaneta brunnea_)

brown-banded (see _Supella supellectilium_)

burrowing, 27, 29, 30, 55, 58, 67, 68, 328, 344

carnivorous, 6, 14, 319-324, 336

cavernicolous, 16-25, 37

checklists of, 290-310, 315

cinereous (see _Nauphoeta cinerea_)

colonies, 75, 327-334

commensal, 310-315

control, 1, 6, 84, 162, 331, 348

Cuban (see _Panchlora nivea_)

cypress (see _Diploptera punctata_)

dendricolous, 51

defenses, 343-348

desert, 25-30

disease relations, 1, 3, 74

domiciliary, 51, 70-90, 322, 331, 338, 349

enemies, 2-4, 91, 95-96

field (see _Blattella vaga_)

Florida (see _Eurycotis floridana_)

German (see _Blattella germanica_)

harlequin (see _Neostylopyga rhombifolia_)

Key West (see _Blaberus craniifer_)

Madeira (see _Leucophaea maderae_)

myrmecophilous, 310, 311-314

odor, 6, 84, 280, 344-347

oriental (see _Blatta orientalis_)

oviparous, 325-327

phytophagous, 68, 162-166

predaceous, 319-324

predators, escape from, 343

ship, 82-87

smoky brown (see _Periplanet fuliginosa_)

species, list of, 7-14

number of known, iii, 5

spotted Mediterranean (see _Ectobius pallidus_)

structural habitats of, 70-90

Surinam (see _Pycnoscelus surinamensis_)

undetermined, 308-310

viviparous, 31, 326, 328-330

"wood" (except here, usually _Parcoblatta_ spp.), 214, 266, 274

Coconut, 35, 38, 49, 143

_Cocos nucifera_, 143

_Coelosporidium blattellae_, 185

_periplanetae_, 168, 176, 177, 185

_Coenosia basalis_, 229

_Coffea_ sp., 162

Coffee, 66, 67

_Coleolaelaps_ sp., 216; =pl. 12=

Coleoptera, 229-234, 348

"Colon bacilli," 126

Colonies, cockroach, 75, 327-334

Colubridae, 276

Columbidae, 278

Columbiformes, 278

Combretaceae, 159

Commensalism, 92

Commensals, 2-3, 95, 173, 310-314

cockroach, check list of, 315

Compatibility, interspecies, 337-341

_Comperia merceti_, 244, 255, 351, 355; =pl. 34=

_merceti_ var. _falsicornis_, 244

Compositae, 162

_Compsodes schwarzi_, 9, 27, 316

_Compsolampra_, 9

_Comptolampra liturata_, 9, 44, 140, 141

_Conocarpus erectus_, 159

Conopidae, 228

Control, biological, 1, 6, 348-354

Convolvulaceae, 161

_Coptotermes ceylonicus_, 310

Coraciformes, 279

_Cordaites_, 14

_Cordia dentata_, 161

_Cordyceps amazonica_, 134

_blattae_, 134

Corn, 42, 48, 57, 58

_Cornus mas_, 38

Corvidae, 280

_Corydia nuptialis_, 14

Corynebacteriaceae, 110

_Corynebacterium diphtheriae_, 110

_Cosmozosteria lateralis_, 9, 345

_Costus_ sp., 316

Cotton, 66, 67, 158, 163

_Coturnix coturnix japonica_, 277

Coxsackie viruses, 103-104

Coyote, 288

Crappies, 269

_Crataegus_ sp., 155

Crickets, 320-321

stone, 226

_Crinum_, 163

_Cristatithorax_, 244

_Cryptocercus punctulatus_, 9, 44, 62, 67, 100-103, 175-229, 295,

317, 326, 328, 339, 354; =pl. 8=

_relictus_, 9, 44

spp., 6, 34

_Cryptomeria_, 45, 140, 164

Cucarachero, 281

Cucumber, 164

Cunoniaceae, 155

Cupressaceae, 141

_Cupressus_, 164

_macrocarpa_, 141, 164

_Cutilia nitida_, 9, 345

_soror_, 9, 45, 77, 296

sp. near _sedilloti_, 9; =pl. 9=

spp., 45, 296, 319

_Cyanocitta cristata_, 280, 346

Cyatheaceae, 139

Cycads, 166

_Cynopotamus essequibensis_, 269

Cyperaceae, 142

_Cyperus_ sp., 142

Cypress, 45, 63, 164

Cypress pine, 55

_Cyrilla_, 42

_Cyrtandra_ sp., 161

_Cyrtocharax magdalenae essequibensis_, 269

_Cyrtotria capucina_, 9, 27

Dasypodidae, 287

_Dasypus novemcinctus_, 287

Dates, 39

DDT, 278

Defenses, cockroach, 343-348

Dematiaceae, 132

_Dendroblatta sobrina_, 9, 45, 316, 330

_Dendrocopus mahrattensis_, 279

Dermaptera, 226

_Dermestes ater_, 234

sp., 234

Dermestidae, 234

Dermestids, 320

_Derocalymma cruralis_, 9, 100

_lampyrina_, 9, 27

_porcellio_, 9, 28

_stigmosa_, 8

_Deropeltis autraniana_, 9, 28

_erythropeza_, 9, 19

_melanophila_, 9, 28

_nigrita_, 9, 28

Deserts, 25-30

_Dicarnosis alfierii_, 245

_Dictamnus fraxinella_, 38

Didelphidae, 283

_Diestrammena apicalis_, 226

_japonica_, 226

Digenea, 208

Dinenymphidae, 170

"Diphtheroid I and II," 127

"Diplococci," 127

_Diplococcus pneumoniae_, 109

Diplocystidae, 181

_Diplocystis schneideri_, =168=, 181

sp., 181; =pl. 28=

_Diplogaster_, 192

Diplogasteridae, 192

Diplogyniidae, 217

Diplogyniid, undetermined, 217

_Diploptera dytiscoides_, 9

_punctata_, 9, 45, 140-142, 152, 155-157,159, 164, 216, 224-226,

259, 273, 280, 287, 296, 324, 334, 339, 347; =pls. 10, 36=

_Dipodomys spectabilis spectabilis_, =23=

Diptera, 227

Disease organisms transmitted by cockroaches, 3

_Dobellina_, 177

Dog, 288

_Dolichonyx oryzivorus_, 282

_Dolichurus bicolor_, 260

_corniculus_, 260-261

_gilberti_, 261

_greenei_, 261

_haemorrhous_, 260

_ignitus_, 261-262

_stantoni_, 262, 263, 352

sp., 262

_Dorylaea rhombifolia_, 11

_Dorylus (Anomma) nigricans_ subsp. _sjostedi_, 267

sp., 267

_wilverthi_, 267

Dove, Chinese, 278

Dragonfly, giant Hawaiian, 224

Drake (Francis), 83

_Drassodes_, 214

_Drassus_ sp., 318

_Dryadoblatta scotti_, 9, 31, 45, 144, 145

_Drymaplaneta_, 319

Ducks, domestic, 277, 343

_Duguay-Trouin_, Cruiser, =232=

_Dyscologamia capensis_, 9

_chopardi_, 10

_pilosa_, 9

_wollastoni_, 9

Dytiscidae, 230

Earthworms, 319

Earwigs, undetermined, 226

_Eberthella oedematiens_, 112

_Echinococcus granulosis_, 208

_Eciton burchelli_, 268, 280 sp., 228

Ecology, 14-96, 324-343

"_Ectobia_" spp., 135

_Ectobia livida_, 232

_Ectobius africanus_, 9, 45

_albicinctus_, 9, 46

_duskei_, 9, 46, 77

_ericetorum_, 9

_germanicus_, 8

_lapponicus_, 9, 46, 83, 100, 152, 160, 164, 296, 340

_livens_, 9

_lividus_, 9

_lucidus_, 9, 340

_nicaeensis_, 9, 46

_nigripes_, 256

_pallidus_, 9, 19, 47, 77, 100, 140, 153, 161, 296, 340; =pls. 7, 29=

_panzeri_, 9, 47, 153, 160, 296

_panzeri_ var. _nigripes_, 9

_perspicillaris_, 9

_semenovi_, 9, 47, 152

spp., 19, 214, 297

_sylvester_, 9, 47, 326, 340

_sylvestris_, 9

_tadzihicus_, 9, 48

_vittiventer_, 9, 19, 48

_vittiventris_, 9

Edentata, 287

_Eleagnus_, 48

_Eleutheroda dytiscoides_, 9

_Ellipsidion affine_, 9, 48, 297, 327

_aurantium_, 9

_australe_, 9, 48, 155, 160, 297, 327

_bicolor_, 9, 48, 142

_pellucidum_, 9

_simulans_, 9, 48, 141

spp., 35, 48

_variegatum_, 9, 329

Elm, 38

_Embadomonas blattae_, 167

Embryophyta siphonogama, 140

Emydidae, 272

Encephalomyelitis virus, mouse, 104

Encyrtidae, 94, 243, 245

_Endamoeba blattae_, 101, 102, 168, 177-178

_coli_, 178

_javanica_, 178

_philippinensis_, 178

_thomsoni_, 179

versus _Entamoeba_, 177

Endamoebidae, 177

_Endolimax blattae_, 101, 180

_nana_, 180

sp., 180

Endomycetales, 133

_Entamoeba blattae_, 177

_blattarum_, 177

_coli_, 178, 179

_histolytica_, 179

_nana_, 180

_pitheci_, 179

sp., 179-180

_thomsoni_, 179

_Entedon hagenowii_, 236, 249

Enterobacteriaceae, 111

_Enterobius vermicularis_, 209

_Enterococcus_, 109

Entomophthorales, 133

_Ephestia kühniella_, 99

_Epilampra abdomen-nigrum_, 9, 31, 48, 77, 141, 147, 160, 164, 297

_annandalei_, 9, 31-32

_azteca_, 9, 48

_conferta_, 9, 297

_conspersa_, 9, 145

_grisea_, 9, 100

_maya_, 9, 85, 145, 147

_mexicana_, 9, 147

_mona_, 9, 48, 144

_notabilis_, 9, 319

_sodalis_, 9, 145

spp., 9, 32, 85, 89, 145-147, 263, 297, 326, 344

_tainana_, 9, 49

_wheeleri_, 9, 49, 297

Epilamprinae, 30, 326, 348

unidentified, 33

_Epimys norvegicus_, 287

Epiphytes, 34, 44 (see also Bromeliads)

_Epomphaloides ischnopterae_, 249

_Eremoblatta subdiaphana_, 9, 28, 316

_Ergaula capensis_, 9, 49, 77, 311

scarabaeoides, 9, 19

Ericaceae, 160

Erinaceidae, 283

_Erinaceus europaeus_, 283

sp., 283

_Erythrina glauca_, 35, 156

_Erythrocebus patas patas_, 180

_Escala circumducta_, 13

_longiuscula_, 13

sp., 10, 297

_Escherichia coli_, 112

_coli_ var. _acidilactici_, 112

_coli_ var. _communior_, 113

_freundii_, 113

_intermedium_, 113

"Espino rubial," 66, 155

_Estrildine_ sp., 318

_Euandroblatta palpalis_, 10, 28

Eubacteriales, 104

_Eublaberus posticus_, 10, 77, 89

Eucalyptus, 48, 231

_Eucalyptus_ sp., 160

_Eucharis_, 163

_Eucomonympha_, 102

_imla_, 175, 176

Eucomonymphidae, 176

_Eudromiella bicolorata_, 10, 49

_calcarata_, 10, 147

_Eugenia aromatica_, 160

_Euglena_ sp., 166

Euglenidae, 166

Euglenoidina, 166

Eulophidae, 94, 248

_Eulophus_, 250, 351

Eupelmidae, 94, 210, 245

_Eupelmus atriflagellum_, 247

sp., 247

Euphorbiaceae, 157

_Euphyllodromia angustata_, 10, 147

_liturifera_, 10, 49

_decastigmata_, 10

_Euryconema paradisa_, 194

_Eurycotis bananae_, 10, 47

_biolleyi_, 10, 49, 145, 158

_caraibea_, 10, 147

_carbonaria_, 10

_decipiens_, 10, 49, 346

_dimidiata_, 10, 49, 147

_ferrum-equinum_, 10, 49

_floridana_, 6, 10, 49-50, 77, 100, 140, 143, 144, 152, 162, 166,

171, 224, 255, 280, 297, 319, 326, 333, 334, 338, 339, 341, 345,

346; pls. 11, 29, 34

_galeoides_, 10, 50

_improcera_, 10, 297

_kevani_, 10, 50, 158

_lixa_, 10, 147

_manni_, 10, 298

_opaca_, 10, 50

_sabalianus_, 10

_Euscorpius carpathicus_, 212

_germanus_, 212

_italicus italicus_, 213

_Euthlastoblatta abortiva_, 10, 24, 50, 143

_Euthyrrhapha nigra_, 10, 19

_pacifica_, 10, 77

_Eutrichomastix_ sp., 169

_Eutrichosomella blattophaga_, 245

_Evania_, 237, 350

_abyssinica_, 239

_appendigaster_, 235, 236-237, =238=, 239, 350-352

_desjardinsii_, 236

_dimidiata_, 239

_impressa_, 242

_laevigata_, 236

_minuta_, 235

_princeps_, 235

_punctata_, 240

_sericea_, 242

sp., 237, 251

_subspinosa_, 239

Evaniidae, 93, 234-243

_Exothea paniculata_, 36, 158

Eyeworm, chicken, 68, 164, 204-205, 277, 278, 343

Fagaceae, 152

Felidae, 289

_Felis catus_, 289

_pardalis mearnsi_, 290

Fennel, 237

Fern, 44, 140, 164

Fig, 344

Fighting, intraspecies, 323, 336-337

Filarien, 202

Fir, Scotch, 140

Fish, 3, 268-269

Flacourtiaceae, 159

Flagellate, unidentified, 176

Flies, conopid, 228

ichneumon, 236

muscid, 229

phorid, 227

sand, 322

sarcophagid, 229

tachinid, 228

_Foeniculum vulgare_, 237

_Fondia_ sp., 318

Food, cockroaches as human, 286-287

contamination of, 83

of cockroaches, 16, 21, 31, 32, 45, 68, 72, 77, 83, 87, 162-166,

314, 318, 319-324

Forficulid, 339

Forficulidae, 226

_Formica_, 267

_omnivora_, 268

_rufa_, 316

_rufibarbis_, 312

sp., 316

_subcyanea_, 312

Formicariidae, 280

Formicas, 316

Formicidae, 267, 311

Formicinae, 311

Fossils, 14

Fowl, guinea, 343

jungle, 277

Fox, 288

_Freycinetia_ sp., 141

Fringillidae, 282

Frogs, 4, 270-272

tree, 270, 353

Fungi, 3, 127-139

hyperparasitic in protozoa, 178, 188

Imperfecti, 129

Fungus gardens, 313

_Fusiformis lophomonadis_, 119, 173

_Galebia aegyptiaca_, 195

_Galerita janus_, 347

Galliformes, 277

_Gallus_ sp., 277

_Gamocystis tenax_, 168, 184

Geckos, 273, 354

_Gekko gecko_, 272

Gekkonidae, 272

_Geomys_ sp., =24=

_Geoscapheus robustus_, 10, 319, 344

_Geotrichum candidum_, 131

Geraniaceae, 156

Geraniums, 156, 164

Gesneriaceae, 161

_Giardia intestinalis_, 171

sp., 172

Ginger, wild, 151

Glands, secretory, 345-347

_Glomeropitcairnia erectiflora_, 31, 144

Glyciphagidae, 218

Goat, 319

Goldenrod, 162

_Gongylonema ingluvicola_, 205

_neoplasticum_, 191, 206, 287

_pulchrum_, 192, 206

sp., 206

Gopher, pocket, 24

Gordiaceo, 202

Gordian worms, undetermined, 202; =pl. 29=

Gordiidae, 201

Gordioidea, 201

_Gordius_, 192

_aquaticus_, 201-202

_blattae orientalis_, 202

_orientalis_, 202

_pilosus_, 202

_raphaelis_, 202

sp., 202

_Gossypium_ spp., 158

"Gram positive rods," 127

Gramineae, 141

Grapefruit, 66, 67

_Graptoblatta notulata_, 10, 50-51, 141, 147, 151, 158-161, 163, 298,

339

Grass, 37, 40, 42-53, 55, 59-62, 64-66, 69, 141-142

bunch, 64

desert, 27-30

feather, 46

marram, 47

Rhodes, 39, 141

saw, 42, 50

wire, 41, 52

Grassquit, Carib, 282

Greenhouses, 68, 80, 81, 155, 157, 162-165, 342

_Gregarina blaberae_, 184

_blattae orientalis_, 181

_blattarum_, 168, 181-182

_fastidiosa_, 182

_gibbsi_, 182

_illinensis_, 183

_impetuosa_, 183

_légeri_, 183

_neo-brasiliensis_, 183

_ohioensis_, 183

_panchlorae_, 183

_parcoblattae_, 183

_rhyparobiae_, =168=, 183

_sandoni_, 183

_serpentula_, 184

_thomasi_, 184

Gregarine, 181; =pl. 28=

Gregarinida, 181

unidentified, 184

Gregarinidae, 181

Gregariousness, 328, 330-336

physiological effects, 334-335

_Grevisia_, 144

_Gromphadorhina laevigata_, 10, 330

_portentosa_, 10, 298, 330, 354; =pl. 12=

Gru-gru, 142

Grubs, 317, 319

Gryllacrididae, 226

Guano, 16, 18-23

Guanobies, 16-17, 19

Guava, 54, 63, 67

Guêpe ichneumon, 258

Guinea pigs, 288

Gum tree, 36, 53, 59, 61, 63, 155

Gumbo limbo, 43, 44, 157

_Gymnasio nudipes_, 279

_Gymnopithys leucaspis_, 280

_Gyna kazungulana_, 10, 19

_maculipennis_, 10, 19

sp., 298

_tristis_, 10, 20

_vetula_, 10

Habitats, 15

aquatic, 30-33, 48

beach, 36, 42, 47, 52, 53, 58, 63, 69

cave, 16-17

cultivated areas, 38, 39, 53, 58

desert, 25-30, 39, 59, 65, 67, 69

dumps and rubbish, 38-40, 50, 53, 55, 67, 69

flatwoods, 37, 41, 42, 53, 60

forest, 36-38, 40-47, 49-57, 59-66

grassland, 41, 42, 52, 53, 64

hammock, 41-43, 50, 52, 53, 59, 60, 68

marsh, 42, 50

outdoor, 33-70

rotten wood, 34, 35, 38, 44, 45, 47, 49-52, 56-63

sand dune, 47, 61

sandhills, 36, 41, 42, 47, 50, 52, 60

scrub, 36, 37, 40-42, 48, 50, 52, 55, 57-60, 62, 66, 67

soil, 37, 39, 49, 53, 55, 58, 60, 67, 68, 344

steppe, 46, 47

stones and rock, 29, 31-33, 36-40, 43, 45-57, 59, 60, 62, 64, 67-70

structures, 70-90

aircraft, 87-90, 232

land-based, 73-82

ships, 82-87, 232-233

swamp, 41, 42, 46, 51, 53, 58, 61, 63, 66, 68

winter, 38-39, 61, 71

Hackberry, 50

_Hadrurus arizonensis_, 213

Hamamelidaceae, 155

_Hammerschmidtiella diesingi_, 124, 190, 191, 195-196

_neyrae_, 196

_neyrai_, 196

Haplosporidia, 185

_Haplosporidium periplanetae_, 185

_Harpalus pennsylvanicus_, 229

_Hartmannella blattae_, 177

Heather, 46, 47, 160

_Hebardina concinna_, 10, 278

Hedgehog, 4, 283, 354

_Hedychium_, 163

_Helianthus_ sp., 162

_Heliconia_, =40=

Helminths, 2-3, 190-210

cockroaches as intermediate hosts, 203-207

cockroaches as primary hosts, 192-202

ova carried by cockroaches, 208-210

_Hemiblabera brunneri_, 10, 51, 156

_Hemidactylus frenatus_, 272

Hemiptera, 226, 348

_Hemithyrsocera histrio_, 7

Hemlock, 44

_Henicotyle antillarum_, 10, 51

_Herpestes javanicus auropunctatus_, 289

sp., 289

_Herpetomonas periplanetae_, 167

_Herpomyces_, 93, 127-129

_amazonicus_, 134

_anaplectae_, 134

_appendiculatus_, 134

_arietinus_, 128, 134-135; =pl. 27=

_chaetophilus_, 135

_chilensis_, 135

_diplopterae_, 135

_ectobiae_, 135

_forficularis_, 135

_gracilis_, 135

_grenadinus_, 136

_leurolestis_, 136

_lobopterae_, 136

_macropus_, 136

_nyctoborae_, 136

_panchlorae_, 136

_panesthiae_, 136

_paranensis_, 136

_periplanetae_, 137, 138

_phyllodromiae_, 137

_platyzosteriae_, 137

_stylopygae_, 128, 137-138; =pl. 27=

_supellae_, 138

_tricuspidatus_, 138

_zanzibarinus_, 138

_Heterodon contortrix_, 276

_platyrhinos_, 276

_Heterogamia aegyptiaca_, 13

_Heterogamodes krügeri_, 10, 20

_roseni_, 7

_rugosa_, 10, 28

_Heterometrus longemanus_, 211, 213

_Heteropoda regia_, 215

_venatoria_, 215; =pl. 30=

Heteroptera, 318

_Hexamita_, 102

_cryptocerci_, 171

_periplanetae_, 171

sp., 171

Hexamitidae, 171

2-hexenal, 6, 280, 345-346

Hibiscus, 36, 40, 68, 158

_Hibiscus rosa-sinensis_, 68, 158

Hickory, 53, 60, 61, 63

_Hierodula tenuidentata_, 224-225, 355; =pl. 32=

_Histiostoma feroniarum_, 217

_Holocompsa azteca_, 10, 77

_cyanea_, 10, 78

_fulva_, 10, 298

_metallica_, 10, 51

_nitidula_, 10, 78, 148, 339

_zapoteca_, 10, 20

_Hololampra bivittata_, 10, 51

_chavesi_, 10, 51, 155

_maculata_, 10, 51

_marginata_, 10, 51

_punctata_, 10, 298

sp., 51

_Hololeptoblatta_ sp., 51, 141

Holomastigotidae, 172

_Holoquiscalus brachypterus_, 282

Holotricha, 186

_Homalodemas cruralis_, 9

_Homalopteryx laminata_, 10, 52, 151

_scotti_, 9

Hominidae, 286

_Homo sapiens_, 286

Honeydew, 237, 242

Hookworm, ova, 210

Hoplonymphidae, 173

_Hoplosphoropyga babaulti_, 10, 20

_Hormetica apolinari_, 10, 51

_laevigata_, 10, 52, 143, 145, 148

spp., 148

_ventralis_, 10, 148

_Hormurus caudicula_, 213

Hornbill, gray, 279

Huckleberry, 43, 57

Humidity reactions, 35, 72, 129

_Hygrocrocis intestinalis_, 124

Hygroreceptors, 72

Hygrotaxis, 72, 331

_Hyla cinerea_, 270

Hylidae, 270

Hymenolepididae, 208

_Hymenolepis diminuta_, 203

sp., 208

Hymenoptera, 2, 234, 311

cockroach-hunting wasps, 255-266

host selection by egg parasites, 254-255

hosts of commensal cockroaches, 311-314

predators and parasites of cockroach eggs, 234-254

Hypermastigina, 172

_Hyperolius picturatus_, 271

_Hypoaspis_ sp., 217

Hypocreaceae, 134

Hypocreales, 134

_Hyporhicnoda_, 146

_Hyptia dorsalis_, 239

_harpyoides_, 239; =pl. 33=

_reticulata_, 239, 240

sp., 240

_thoracica_, 239, 240

Icteridae, 282

_Icterus portoricensis_, 280

_Idionympha perissa_, 174

_Ignabolivaria bilobata_, 10, 52

Iguanidae, 273

_Ilex cassine_, 66, 158

_coriacea_, 41, 158

_lucida_, 41, 158

_rotunda_, 257

Incertae sedis, fungi, 139

protozoa, 176

_Inermicapsifer madagascariensis_, 203

Infestations of cockroaches, 331

_Inga laurina_, 35, 156

_vera_, 35, 66, 67, 156, 317

Insecta, 224-268

Insectivora, 283

_Inuus sylvanus_, 286

Invertebrates in biological control, 349-352

_Iodamoeba_ sp., 180

_Iolina nana_, 219

Iolinidae, 219

_Ipomoea tiliasea_, 66, 161

_Iridomyrmex humilis_, 268, 319

Ironwood, 164

_Ischnomyrmex_ sp., 316

_Ischnoptera_, 134-135, 319

_borealis_, 12

_cavernicola_, 14

_couloniana_, 12

_deropeltiformis_, 10, 52, 142, 164, 298, 316, 336, 355; =pl. 12A=

_divisa_, 12

_insolita_, 12

_major_, 12

_panamae_, 10, 53

_pennsylvanica_, 12

_podoces_, 10, 53, 340

_remyi_, 14

_rufa occidentalis_, 10, 78, 145

_rufa rufa_, 10, 53, 78, 89, 148, 161, 298

_rufescens_, 82

_schenklingi_, 10, 142

spp., 85, 89, 267, 298, 316

_uhleriana_, 12

_uhleriana fulvescens_, 12

Ischnuridae, 213

Isoptera, 310

_Isotricha caulleryi_, 187

Isotrichidae, 187

Jasmine, 45

_Jasminum pubescens_, 45

Jay, blue, 280

Florida, 280

Júcaro, 66

Juniper, 59

_Juniperus_ sp., 65, 141

_Jussiaea natans_, 160, 164

_Kakerlac schaefferi_, 12

Kakkerlac, 260

_Karnyia discoidalis_, 10, 298

Kiawe tree, 164

Kingbird, grey, 35, 318

_Klebsiella pneumoniae_, 113

Kojukei, 277

_Kuchinga hemerobina_, 10, 298

_remota_, 10, 141, 148

Küchenschaben, 100, 169, 171-173, 188

Laboulbeniaceae, 127, 134

Laboulbeniales, 134

_Lactobacillus fermenti_, 109

Lactobacteriaceae, 109

Laelaptidae, 216

_Lamproblatta albipalpus_, 10, 53, 148

_meridionalis_, 10, 53

Lampyrid, undetermined, 230; =pl. 33=

Lampyridae, 230

Laniidae, 281

_Lanius ludovicianus_, 281

Larvaevoridae, 228

_Lasius alienus_, 268

_Lastrea aristata_, 163

_Latiblattella chichimeca_, 10, 54, 145

_lucifrons_, 11, 54, 146, 255

_rehni_, 11, 54, 140, 144, 339

spp., 85, 148

_vitrea_, 11, 143

_zapoteca_, 11, 54

_Latindia armata_, 8

_Latrodectus indistinctus_, 215-216

_mactans_, 216

Lauraceae, 153

Leafhoppers, 320

Legumes, 165

Leguminosae, 155

_Leidynema appendiculata_, 124, 190, 191, 196-198

_appendiculata_ var. _americana_, 197

_appendiculata_ var. _hispana_, 197

_appendiculata_ var. _indiana_, 197

_cranifera_, 198

_delatorrei_, 198

_nocalum_, 198

_Leidynemella fusiformis_, 198

_panesthiae_, 198

_paracranifera_, 198

_Leiolopisma laterale_, 274

_Lemur coronatus_, 283

_fulvus_, 283

_tardigradus_, 284

Lemuridae, 283

_Leontocebus oedipus_, 285

_rosalia_, 285

_ursulus_, 285

Lepidoptera, 316-318

_Lepomis pallidus_, 269

_Leptodactylus albilabris_, 271

_pentadactylus_, 271

_Leptomonas blaberae_, 167

sp., 167

_Leptopelis calcaratus_, 271

_rufus_, 271

_Leptospironympha_, 102

_eupora_, 172

_rudis_, 172

_wachula_, 172

Lesser apple worm, 65

_Leucophaea maderae_, 11, 54, 70, 71, 78, 86, 89, 119, 148, 162, 168,

171, 203, 204, 213, 224, 236, 247, 299, 322, 329, 330, 333, 335,

339, 342, 347; =pls. 13, 28=

sp., 299

_striata_, 13

_surinamensis_, 13

_Leurolestes circumvagans_, 11, 78

_pallidus_, 11, 71, 78, 299, 339

Lice, plant, 320

Lichens, 47, 51, 56, 64, 153

Liliaceae, 146

_Lily_, Brig, 84

Lily, Easter, 146, 164

Lime, 45, 66, 157, 164

_Liopicus mahrattensis_, 279

_Liquidambar styraciflua_, 155

_Lissoblatta fulgida_, 13, 157

Litopeltis biolleyi, 11, 54, 145

_bispinosa_, 11, 54, 58, 145, 148

_deianira_, 11, 54

_musarum_, 11, 54, 148

spp., 334

Lizards, 272-276, 353-354

_Lobogynioides_, 217

_Lobolampra subaptera_, 11, 55

_Loboptera decipiens_, 11, 55, 100, 299, 326, 350

_dimidiatipes_, 11

_extranea_, 11

_sakalava_, 11

sp., 299

_thaxteri_, 11, 55

_Lobopterella dimidiatipes_, 11, 55, 299, 338

_Locustacarus_ sp., 219

_Lophoblatta arawaka_, 11, 55, 142

_Lophocerus birostris_, 279

Lophomonadidae, 172

_Lophomonas_, 101

_blattarum_, 101, 168, 172-173

_striata_, 101, 119, 168, 173

_sulcata_, 173

_Loris tardigradus_, 284

Lorisidae, 284

_Lycolaimus_, 192

_Lycosa avida_, 216

_helluo_, 216, 347

sp., 216; =pl. 30=

Lycosidae, 216

Lygaeidae, 226

_Lymantria monacha_, 121

_Macaca cyclopis_, 179

_mulatta_, 286

_rhesus_, 286

_sylvanus_, 286

Macaque, 286

_Macropanesthia rhinocerus_, 11, 55, 344

_Macrospironympha_, 102

_xylopletha_, 172

_Macrotermes barneyi_, 311

_bellicosus_, 311

_malaccensis_, 311

_natalensis_, 311

Maize, 55, 64, 142

_Malleomyces mallei_, 119

Malojillo, 31, 48, 141

Malpighian tubules, parasites in, 177, 185, 186

Malvaceae, 158

_Mamestra oleracea_, 120

Mammalia, 283, 354

Mammals, 3, 283

_Mangifera indica_, 157

Mangoes, 45, 157, 164

Mangrove, 36, 42, 53, 66

Mantidae, 224

Mantis, Carolina, 225

Chinese, 226

European, 225

_Mantis religiosa_, 225

Maple, 61-63

_Marava arachidis_, 339

_Mareta acutiventris_, 11, 317

_Maretina uahuka_, 11, 142, 155

_Margattea sp._, 317

Marsupialia, 283

Mastigophora, 166

_Mastigoproctus giganteus_, 211

sp., 211

Maze, 335

Mediterranean fruitfly, 252

Megachilidae, 314

_Megalixalus fornasinii_, 271

_Megaloblatta blaberoides_, 11, 55

_rufipes_, 11

_Megalopyge krugii_, 35, 317

_Megamareta verticalis_, 11, 56, 141

_Megaselia_ sp., 227

_Melanerpes portoricensis_, 280

_Melanosilpha capensis_, 11, 299

Meleagrididae, 278

_Meleagris gallopavo_, 278

_Meles_ sp., 289

_Melipona nigra_, 314

_Melittobia chalybii_, 248

_Memnoniella echinata_, 132

_Mermis_, 192, 202

Mermithidae, 192

Mermithids, undetermined, 192; =pl. 29=

Mermithoidea, 192

Mesquite, 37, 58, 156

_Mestocharomyia oophaga_, 248

_Metallyticus semiaeneus_, 225

_Metarrhizium anisopliae_, 131

_Metrosideros collina_, 160

_Methana canae_, 11, 56, 326

_curvigera_, 11, 56, 155, 326

_marginalis_, 11, 56, 79, 326

Methionine, 101

Micrococcaceae, 106

_Micrococcus aurantiacus_, 106

_citreus_, 106

_epidermidis_, 106

_nigrofaciens_, 106

_pyogenes_ var. _albus_, 106-107

_pyogenes_ var. _aureus_, 107

spp., 107, 108

_ureae_, 107

Microhabitats, 16-17, 25-26, 30-31, 33-35, 70-74

Microsporidia, 185

_Microtetrameres helix_, 206

_Midas rosalia_, 285

Mimicry, 6, 347-348

Mimosa, 57

Mines, 16, 19-21, 23

_Miroblatta silphoides_, 10

_Mirotermes_, 102

Mites, 2, 3, 211, 216-222, 318, 320

cheese, 222

cockroach, 219, 221

control, 222

mushroom, 218

unidentified, 220

Molossidae, 283

_Molossus_ sp., 283

_Moluchia (?) dahli_, 11, 56

Monadidae, 167

_Monas_ sp., 167

_Monastria biguttata_, 11, 344

sp., 299

Mongoose, 289, 354

Monilaceae, 130

Moniliales, 129

Moniliformidae, 203

_Moniliformis dubius_, 203, 270, 271, 276

_kalahariensis_, 203

_moniliformis_, 191, 204

Monkey, 4, 284-286, 343

Canal Zone night, 284

Darien black spider, 284

white-faced, 284

_Monocercomonas orthopterorum_, 169

_Monocercomonoides_, 102

_globus_, 169

_melolonthae_, 168, 169

_orthopterorum_, 169-170

_panesthiae_, 170

_Monodelphis_ sp., 283

_Mononychoblatta_, 26

Moraceae, 153

Mosquitoes, 322

Moss, 46, 47, 56, 64

Spanish, 54, 144

"Mouche bleue, La," 260

Mouse, 103-104

sand, 24

white-footed, 24, 205

_Mucor guilliermondii_, 132

sp., 132

Mucoraceae, 132

Mucorales, 132

Muridae, 287

Murorinae, 129

_Mus decumanus_, 287

_musculus_, 287

_Musa_ (see banana)

Musaceae, 146

Muscidae, 229

Mustelidae, 289

Mutant, white-eyed, 21

Mutualism, 92, 96-102

Mutuals, 95

_Muzoa madida_, 11, 56

Mycetozoa, 176

Mycobacteriaceae, 123

_Mycobacterium avium_, 123

_friedmannii_, 123

_lacticola_, 123

_leprae_, 123

_lepraemurium_, 123

_phlei_, 123

_piscium_, 124

spp., 124

_tuberculosis_, 124

Myna (mynah), 281

_Myrica cerifera_, 43, 152

Myricaceae, 152

_Myrmeblattina longipes_, 11, 314

_Myrmecoblatta rehni_, 11, 312

_wheeleri_, 11, 314

Myrmecophiles, 311-314, 316

_Myrmicaria natalensis_, 316

Myrmicinae, 312

Myrtaceae, 160

_Namablatta bitaeniata_, 11, 28

_Nasua narica_, 288

_nasua_, 288

sp., 289

_Nasutitermes costalis_, 317

_Nauclidas nigra_, 11, 56, 148, 326, 327

_Nauphoeta bivittata_, 11

_brazzae_, 11

_cinerea_, 11, 70, 79, 86, 89, 100, 115, 116, 123, 162, 163, 192,

224-226, 259, 299, 324, 330, 335, 337, 339; =pl. 14=

_flexivitta_, 11, 148, 163

_punctipennis_, 11, 28

_Necator americanus_, 210

_Nectandra coriacea_, 43, 153

_Neisseria meningitidis_, 109

Neisseriaceae, 109

_Nelipophygus ramsdeni_, 11, 56

Nematoda, 192, 204, 209

Nematodes, 2-3, 190-192, 204, 209

undetermined, 201

Nematomorpha, 201

_Neoaplectana chresima_, 192-193

sp., 192

_Neoblattella brunneriana_, 11, 145

_carcinus_, 11, 148

_celeripes_, 11, 148, 324

_detersa_, 11, 56, 148

_dryas_, 11, 56, 145, 160, 340

_eurydice_, 11, 57, 145, 340

_fratercula_, 11, 86, 145, 148

_fraterna_, 11, 86

_grossbecki_, 11, 57, 145

_laodamia_, 11, 148

_nahua_, 11, 86, 145

_proserpina_, 11, 57, 145, 160, 339

_semota_, 11, 57, 148

spp., 79, 86, 89, 148, 149, 324

_tridens_, 11, 148

_vatia_, 11, 148

_Neonephrites partiniger_, 230

_Neorhipidius neoxenus_, 230

_Neostylopyga rhombifolia_, 11, 70, 77, 79, 86, 138, 209, 210, 224,

255, 259, 272, 273, 280, 300, 346; =pl. 15=

_Neotoma_ sp., 23-25, 37, 50

Nepenthaceae, 154

_Nepenthes ampularia_, 154

_gracilis_, 154

sp., 154

_Nephrites australis_, 231

_nitidus_ Riek not Shuckard, 231

sp., 231

Nepidae, 227

_Nesomylacris cubensis_, 11, 57

_relica_, 11, 57, 145

Nests, ant, 27, 311-314, 316

bird, 35, 318

insect, 35, 43, 66, 67, 69, 156, 317, 318

rodent, 23-25, 37, 50

spider, 215-216, 317

Neuroptera, 227

_Nicotiana_ sp., 161

_Nocardia_ sp., 124

"_Nocticola" azteca_, 149

_Nocticola_, 17, 149

_bolivari_, 11, 17, 57

_caeca_, 11, 20

_decaryi_, 11, 20

_simoni_, 12, 20

_sinensis_, 12, 311

_termitophila_, 12, 311

_Nosema periplanetae_, 185, 186

Nosematidae, 185

_Nothoblatta wasmanni_, 12, 312

_Notila proteus_, 170

_Notolampra antillarum_, 12, 144, 159

_Nucleophaga_ sp., 178

_Nyctibora azteca_, 12, 149

_brunnea_, 12, 145

_holosericea_, 12, 149

_laevigata_, 12, 57, 145, 149, 339

_latipennis_, 12

_lutzi_, 12, 57, 145, 317

_mexicana_, 12, 149

_noctivaga_, 12, 86, 100, 145, 149

_obscura_, 12, 57, 149, 300

_sericea_, 12, 149

spp., 86, 149, 300

_stygia_, 12, 58, 156

_tomentosa_, 12, 300

_Nyctotherus_, 92, 101, 102

_buissoni_, 188

_ovalis_, 101, 102, 168, 188

_uichanci_, 188

_viannai_, 189

_Nymphytria_, 26

Oak, 36-38, 41, 43, 44, 46, 47, 52, 53, 59-66, 152-153

Oats, wild, 52, 142

Ocelot, 290

_Ocneria dispar_, 126

_Ocotea catesbyana_, 43, 153

_Octomitus periplanetae_, 171

Odonata, 224

_Odontomachus affinis_, 314

_clarus_, 316

_haematodes insularis_ var. _pallens_, 316

_Odontotermes_ sp., 311

Oikomonadidae, 166

_Oikomonas blattarum_, 166

sp., 166, 167

Oligacanthorhynchidae, 203

Onagraceae, 160

_Oniscosoma granicollis_, 12, 300

spp., 58, 344

Oöthecae, concealment of, 47, 61, 63, 325-327

_Ophion luteus_, 261

_Opisthoplatia maculata_, 12, 30, 32-33

_orientalis_, 12, 33, 58

Orange, 45, 157, 164

Orangutan, 70

Orchidaceae, 151

Orchids, 151, 162-163, 164, 237

Origins of domiciliary cockroaches, 70-71

Oriole, Puerto Rican, 280

Oriolidae, 280

Orthoptera, 2, 15, 16, 25, 34, 85, 88, 224

_Oulopteryx meliponarum_, 12, 314

Ovipositor, cockroach, 15

Owls, 276, 353

bare-legged, 279

_Oxyhaloa buprestoides_, 12, 70, 79, 86

_deusta_, 12, 149

Oxymonadidae, 170

_Oxymonas_, 102

_doroaxostylus_, 170

_nana_, 170

_Oxyspirura mansoni_, 68, 191, 204-205, 278

Oxyuridae, 209

_Oxyuris aegyptiaca_, 195

_australasiae_, 199

_blattae_, 193, 196

_blattae orientalis_, 195, 196

_blatticola_, 193

_bulhõesi_, 200

_diesingi_, 195

(?) _heterogamiae_, 199

_künckeli_, 199

_macrura_, 195

_panesthiae_, 198

Oxyuroidea, 193, 204, 209

_Palamnaeus_, 211

_Palissota_, 34

_Paliurus aculeatus_, 38

_Pallasiomys meridionalis pennicilliger_, 24

Palmae, 141

Palmetto, 37, 49, 50, 57, 62, 64, 67, 166

Palms, 45, 50, 52, 58, 64, 143, 150, 164

coconut, 36, 40, 42, 50, 53, 56, 58, 64, 68, 143

date, 143

royal, 54, 143

sago, 166

_Pan_ sp., 286

_Panchlora antillarum_, 12, 58, 143, 149

_cubensis_, 12

_exoleta_, 12, 150, 300

_fraterna_, 12, 150

_maderae_, 11

_nivea_, 12, 58, 79, 86, 89, 142, 150, 300; =pl. 16=

_peruana_, 12, 150

_sagax_, 12, 58, 150

spp., 150, 324

_virescens_, 12, 150

Panchlorinae, 231

Pandanaceae, 141

_Pandanus_, 51, 141, 150

_Panesthia_, 102

_angustipennis_, 12, 100, 300

_australis_, 12, 58, 301, 327, 354; =pl. 8=

"_brevicollis_," 194

_javanica_, 12

_laevicollis_, 12, 58, 301, 327

_lobipennis_, 12, 301

spp., 301, 328

_spadica_, 12, 301

_Panicum barbinode_, 141

_purpurascens_, 141

Papayas, 45, 159, 164

_Papio papio_, 286

_Parabuthus capensis_, 212

_Parachordodes raphaelis_, 202

_Paraclevelandia brevis_, 190

_simplex_, 190

_Paracolobactrum aerogenoides_, 113

_coliforme_, 113

spp., 113

_Paradisea papuana_, 280

_Parahormetica bilobata_, 12, 301

Parameciidae, 186

_Paramecium_ sp., 186-187

_Paranephrites xenus_, 230

_Parapolyphaga erectipilis_, 9-10

Parasites, 91, 95-96; =pls. 16, 27, 29, 35=

cockroach egg, 2, 234-254, 350-352; =pls. 33, 34=

host selection by, 254-255

Parasitism, 91-94

_Parcoblatta_, 350

_americana_, 12, 267

_bolliana_, 12, 59, 338

_caudelli_, 12, 59

_desertae_, 12, 25, 29, 59, 316

_divisa_, 12, 59, 140, 152, 153, 155

_fulvescens_, 12, 24, 59-60, 79, 140

_lata_, 12, 60, 79, 100, 140, 152, 301, 333, 339

_notha_, 12, 80

_pensylvanica_, 12, 15, 61, 80, 100, 152, 153, 257, 302, 318, 319,

327, 333, 339; =pl. 17=

spp., 17, 20, 63, 144, 206, 302, 316, 333, 336

_uhleriana_, 12, 15, 61-62, 100, 302, 339; =pls. 18, 33=

_virginica_, 12, 15, 62-63, 100, 230, 255, 257, 258, 302, 316, 323,

333; =pls. 17, 27, 33=

_zebra_, 12, 63, 140, 155

_Parinarium_, 34

Parsley, 237

Parsnip, 240

Partridge, 278

Parvobacteriaceae, 119

_Passer domesticus_, 282

Passeriformes, 280

_Passiflora_ sp., 37, 159

Passifloraceae, 159

_Pasteurella multocida_, 119

_pestis_, 119

_Pastinaca sativa_, 240

_Paxylomma buccata_, 255

_p_-benzoquinone, 216, 347

p-chlorophenyl, p-chlorobenzene sulfonate, 222

Pedipalpida, 211

_Pelmatosilpha coriacea_, 12, 63, 142, 150, 151, 160

_kevani_, 12, 63

_marginalis_, 12, 150, 326

_purpurascens_, 12, 63, 150, 326

_rotundata_, 12, 145

_vagabunda_, 12, 150

_Peltomyces blattellae_, 176

_periplanetae_, 176-177

_Penicillium sp._, 131

_Periplaneta americana_, 12, 17, 20, 63-64, 70, 71, 80, 83, 84, 87,

89, 98-101, 103, 104, 106, 126, 129, 143, 150, 151, 56, 162, 163,

166, 190, 191, 205, 211-213, 223, 225, 226, 229, 245, 255, 271,

272, 276, 280, 302-304, 318, 320, 321, 323-327, 332, 334-336,

338-340, 342, 346-348, 350-352, 354; =pls. 19, 33, 34, 35=

_australasiae_, 12, 21, 55, 64, 70, 71, 80, 87, 89, 100, 105, 115,

117, 123, 143, 150, 151, 153, 158, 159, 163, 209, 210, 214, 225,

304-305, 318-320, 323, 326, 327, 333, 335, 338, 339, 341, 342,

348, 350, 351, 354; =pls. 20, 32=

_brunnea_, 12, 64, 70, 80, 150, 153, 171, 305, 323, 325-326, 340,

346; =pl. 21=

_cavernicola_, 12, 16, 21

_fortipes_, 13

_fuliginosa_, 12, 64, 81, 158, 164, 251, 277, 305, 327, 335, 338;

=pl. 22=

_ignota_, 12, 81, 115, 327

_lata_, 12, 21

_orientalis_, 8

_picea_, 12

spp., 21, 90, 305-306, 317, 352

_tartara_, 8

_Periplaneticola mirzaia_, 193

_Perisphaerus armadillo_, 12, 329

_glomeriformis_, 12, 329, 347

sp., 21, 329

Periwinkle, 47

Permian, 14

_Perodicticus potto_, 284

_Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis_, 205

_polionotus rhoadsi_, 24

_Petitia domingensis_, 66, 317

_Petroselium crispum_, 237

_Phaetalia pallida_, 12, 81

Phasianidae, 277

_Phasianus calchicus karpowi_, 277

sp., 277

Pheasants, 277

_Pheidole megacephala_, 268

_Phidon (?) dubius_, 13, 64

_Phileciton longipes_, 314

_Philip_, Ship, 83

_Philodromus pernix_, 318

_Phlebonotus pallens_, 13, 329

_Phlebotomus papatasii_, 322

_Phoenix dactylifera_, 143

_Pholadoblatta inusitata_, 13, 316

Phoraspidinae, 329

_Phoraspis_ sp., 64, 142

Phoridae, 227

_Phormictopus cancerides_, 214

_Phorticolea boliviae_, 13, 311, 314

_testacea_, 13, 312

_Phryganoporus_, 317

Phycomycetes, 132

_Phyllodromia germanica_, 8

_hemerobina_, 10

_hieroglyphica_, 10

_humbertiana_, 8

_nigrocincta_, 14

_obtusata_, 7

_parenthesis_, 14

spp., 306, 352

_supellectilium_, 13-14

_treitliana_, 13, 245

_Phyllodromica brevipennis_, 13, 64

_graeca_, 13, 65

_irinae_, 13, 65

_maculata_, 13, 65

_megerlei_, 13, 65, 153

_polita_, 13, 65

_pygmaea_, 13, 65, 141

_tartara_, 13, 65

_tartara nigrescens_, 13, 65, 141, 162

_Physaloptera hispida_, 191, 207

_maxillaris_, 191, 207, 288, 289

_praeputialis_, 207

_rara_, 191, 207, 288, 289

_turgida_, 191, 207

Physalopteridae, 207

_Physignathus lesueurii_, 275

Phytoseiidae, 216

Picidae, 279

Piciformes, 279

Pigeon, 279, 343

_Pileocephalus blaberae_, 184

_Pilocrocis secernalis_, 66, 317

_Pimeliaphilus podapolipophagus_, 219-221, 320

Pimelodidae, 268

Pinaceae, 140

Pine, 36, 41-44, 46, 47, 49-54, 57, 59-67, 140

Pineapple, 39, 45, 68, 144, 165

_Pinus australis_, 140

_caribaea_, 50, 52, 53, 59, 64, 140

_clausa_, 53, 140

_echinata_, 140

spp., 40

_sylvestris_, 140

Pisces, 268

_Plagiotoma blattarum_, 188

Plants, carnivorous, 154

damage to, by cockroaches, 162-166

higher, 139-162

pitcher, 154

Platyhelminthes, 208

_Platyzosteria analis_, 13, 306

_armata_, 13, 100

_bifida_, 13, 151

_castanea_, 13, 65, 306, 345

_ingens_, 10

_novae seelandiae_, 13, 65, 306, 321, 346; =pl. 23=

_novae-zealandiae_, 13

_sabalianus_, 10

_scabra_, 13, 306

sp., 306

_Plectoptera dominicae_, 13, 66, 157

_dorsalis_, 13, 66, 67, 81, 142, 143, 151, 155-158, 160, 161, 317

_floridana_, 13

_infulata_, 13, 66, 142, 155, 156-158, 317

_lacerna_, 13, 66, 140, 153

_perscita_, 13, 66, 157

_poeyi_, 13, 66, 158, 159

_porcellana_, 13, 66, 157, 162

_pygmaea_, 13, 66

_rhabdota_, 13, 66, 67, 142, 155-158, 160, 317

sp., 306

_vermiculata_, 13, 67, 140

_Pleistophora periplanetae_, 186

_Plethodon glutinosus_, 269

Plethodontidae, 269

_Plistophora kudoi_, 185-186

_periplanetae_, 177, 185, 186

sp., 186

Ploceinae, 318

_Ploceus_ sp., 318

_Plumiger histrio_, 7

Plumilla, 35

_Pneumococcus_, 109

_Podapolipodidae_, 219

_Podium abdominale_, 265

_carolina_, 265

_dubium_, 265

_flavipenne_, 265-266

_haematogastrum_, 263, 266, 352

_luctuosum_, 266

_rufipes_, 266

sp., 266

_Podocarpus_, 42

_Pogonomyrmex badius_, 346, 347; =pl. 36=

_Poinsettia_ sp., 157

Poinsettias, 164

Polecat, 4

Poliomyelitis viruses, 3, 103

_Polistes_, 318, 319

_Polybia pygmaea_, 314

_"Polygamia" aegyptiaca_, 13

_roseni_, 7

Polymastigidae, 169

Polymastigina, 169

_Polymastix_, 101

_Polyphaga aegyptiaca_, 13, 21, 24, 25, 29, 67, 81, 100, 190, 306

_indica_, 13, 24, 29, 317

_pellucida_, 13

_saussurei_, 13, 24, 29, 67, 71, 81, 114, 115, 117-119, 306

sp., =21=

Polyphagids, 344

Polyphaginae, 25

Polypodiaceae, 140

_Polystichum aristatum_, 163

_Polyzosteria analis_, 13

_limbata_, 13, 67

_melanaria_, 13, 306

Pomarrosa, 160

Pompilidae, 256

_Pompilus bracatus_, 256

sp., 256

Ponerinae, 314

Pongidae, 286

Ponies, pit (mine), 16, 23

_Populus diversifolia_, 152

_euphratica_, 47, 152

sp., 152

_Poroblatta nigra_, 11

spp., 67

_Potamotrygon humboldti_, 268

_hystrix_, 268

Potamotrygontidae, 268

Potato, 165

Potto, 284

Poultry, 276-278, 353

Prairie dog, 24

Predation, interspecies, 92, 319-322

intraspecies, 92, 322-324

Predatism, 91-95

Predators, 91, 96, 319

defense against, 343-348

of cockroach eggs, 234

Prey, experimental, 4

natural, 4

Primates, 283

_Pritchardia_, 64, 163

Privies (latrines), cockroaches in, 74, 80, 81, 178, 340

Procyonidae, 288

_Prodenia litula_, 320

_Prolabia_, 339

_Prolophomonas tocopola_, 173

_Prosevania punctata_, 240-242, 254-255, 351; =pl. 33=

_Prosoplecta_, 348

_Prosthenorchis elegans_, 203, 283, 285, 286, 288-290

_spirula_, 203, 283, 286, 288-290

_Proteus mirabilis_, 114

_morganii_, 114

_rettgeri_, 114

spp., 114

_vulgaris_, 114

_Protomagalhaesia serpentula_, 168, 184

_Protomonadina_, 166

_Protospirura bonnei_, 206

_columbiana_, 206

_muricola_, 191, 206, 284

Protozoa, 2, 92, 101-103, 166-190

cultured in vitro, 170, 178, 179, 188

_Protrelleta floridana_, 199

_Protrellina_, 199

_aurifluus_, 199

_australasiae_, 199

_galebi_, 199

_künckeli_, 199

_manni_, 200

_phyllodromi_, 200

_Protrelloides paradoxa_, 200

_Protrellus aureus_, 199

_aurifluus_, 199

_australasiae_, 199

_galebi_, 199

_künckeli_, 199

_manni_, 200

_phyllodromi_, 200

_Pseudoderopeltis aethiopica_, 13, 100

Pseudomonadaceae, 104

_Pseudomonas aeruginosa_, 104

_eisenbergii_, 105

_fluorescens_, 105

Pseudomopinae, 60, 230, 231

_Pseudomops cincta_, 13, 319

_laticornis_, 13, 145

_septentrionalis_, 13, 67, 162

_Pseudophoraspis nebulosa_, 13, 81, 328

Pseudosaccharomycetaceae, 129

_Psidium guajava_, 67, 160

Psocoptera, 318

Pteridophyta, 139

Pteromalidae, 247

_Pteromalus_ sp., 247, 248

_Pterygosomidae_, 219

_Pycnosceloides aporus_, 12, 58

_Pycnoscelus niger_, 13, 22

_striatus_, 13, 22

_surinamensis_, 2, 13, 22, 25, 67-68, 70, 71, 81, 87, 90, 100, 138,

139, 142-146, 151, 152, 155-157, 161-165, 191, 212, 229, 259,

279, 280, 282, 306-307, 324, 330, 333, 335, 338, 341-343, 350,

353; =pl. 24=

_Pyrus_ sp., 62

Quail, Japanese, 277

_Quercus alba_, 152

_pubescens_, 38

_rubra_, 152

spp., 153

_virginiana_, 152

Quinones, 347

_Rana catesbeiana_, 271

_mascareniensis_, 271

_pipiens_, 271, 345

_Ranatra_ sp., 227

Ranidae, 270

Rats, 4, 287

kangaroo, 23, 26

Norway, 287

wood, 23, 26

_Rattus norvegicus_, 287

_rattus_, 287

spp., 287

Reduviidae, 227

Reduviids, undetermined, 227

_Reduvius christophi_, 227

_fedtschenkianus_, 227

_Renealmia_ sp., 151

Repellents, 345-347

Reptiles, 3, 272-276, 353

eggs of, 320

Reptilia, 272-276

_Reticulitermes_ sp., 317

_Retortamonas blattae_, 167, 168

_orthopterorum_, 169

sp., 167

Rhabditoidea, 192

_Rhamdia sebae_, 268

_Rhantus pacificus_, 230

_Rhicnoda natatrix_, 13, 33

sp., 146

_Rhinopsis caniculatus_, 257

Rhinotermitidae, 310

_Rhipidioides ableptus_, 230

_adynatus_, 230

_fuscatus_, 230

_helenae_, 230

_mollis_, 231

_rubricatus_, 231

_Rhipidius_, 230

Rhipiphoridae, 230

Rhizobiaceae, 106

_Rhizoglyphus tarsalus_, 218

_Rhizophora mangle_, 36, 159

Rhizophoracea, 159

_Rhizopus nigricans_, 133

sp., 133

_Rhombomys opimus_, 24

_Rhynchonympha_, 102

_tarda_, 174, 175

_Rhyparobia maderae_, 11

Rhythms, diurnal, 335

_Rhytidometopum dissimile_, 13, 68, 158

_Riatia fulgida_, 13, 157

_orientis_, 13, 68, 158

Riboflavin, 101

_Rictularia coloradensis_, 192, 205

_Riekella australis_, 231

_nitidioides_, 231

sp., 231

Ripidiini, biology of Australian, 231

_Ripidius_, 230

_boissyi_, 231-232

_denisi_, 232

_pectinicornis_, 84, 232-233

_scutellaris_, 233

sp., 232

Ripiphoridae, 230

Roach (see cockroach)

_Robshelfordia circumducta_, 13, 307

_longiuscula_, 13, 307

Rodentia, 287

_Rosa_ sp., 155

Rosaceae, 155

Rose, 155, 163-165

Roundworms, 2 (see Helminths)

_Roystonea regia_, 143

Rubiaceae, 161

_Rubus_ spp., 155

Rushes, 46

Rutaceae, 157

_Sabal palmetto_, 50

_Saccharomyces cerevisiae_, 133

sp., 133

Saccharomycetaceae, 133

Saccharomycetes, 129

_Saccharum officinarum_, 141-142

_Saccinobaculus_, 102

_ambloaxostylus_, 170

_doroaxostylus_, 170

_lata_, 170

_minor_, 170

undescribed spp., 170

_Saimiri sciurea_, 285

Salamander, 269

_Salganea morio_, 13, 334

Salicaceae, 152

Salientia, 270

_Salius verticalis_, 256

_Salix sp._, 152

_Salmonella anatis_, 114

_choleraesuis_, 114

_enteritidus_, 114

_morbificans_, 115

_paratyphi_, 115

_schottmuelleri_, 115

_typhimurium_, 116

_typhosa_, 117

_Salmonella_ sp.

(Type Adelaide), 115

(Type Bareilly), 115

(Type Bredeny), 115

(Type Derby), 115

(Type Kentucky), 115

(Type Kottbus), 115

(Type Meleagris), 116

(Type Montevideo), 116

(Type Newport), 116

(Type Oranienburg), 116

(Type Panama), 116

(Type Rubislaw), 116

(Type Tennessee), 116

_Salsola kali_, 65

_Samanea saman_, 35, 156

_Samui_, Steamship, 232

Sapindaceae, 158

Sapotaceae, 160

_Sarcina alba_, 108

_aurantiaca_, 108

_lutea_, 108

spp., 108-109

_symbiotica_, 108

_ventriculi_, 108

Sarcodina, 176

_Sarcophaga lambens_, 2, 229

_omani_, 229

_sternodontis_, 229

spp., 229

Sarcophagidae, 229

_Sarracenia flava_, 154

_minor_, 154

_purpurea_, 154

_variolaris_, 154

Sarraceniaceae, 154

Sauria, 272

Scale, diaspine, 237

_Sceliphron caementarium_, 248

_Schistosoma haematobium_, 208

Schistosomatidae, 208

Schizomycetes, 104

Schizophyta, 104

_Schwenkiella icemi_, 200

Scincidae, 274

_Scolopendra_, 222

_cingulata_, 223

_morsitans_, 223

_subspinipes_, 224

sp., 224

Scolopendridae, 223

Scolopendromorpha, 223

Scorpionida, 211

Scorpionidae, 213

Scorpions, 3, 211, 349

_Scorzonera acanthoclada_, 65, 162

_Scutigera coleoptrata_, 222-223; =pl. 31=

_forceps_, 222

_maculata_, 223

Scutigeridae, 222

Scutigeromorpha, 222

Sea grape, 43, 69

Seaweed, 47, 55

Secretions, repellent, 6, 216, 225

sexual, 235

Sedge, 66

Serpentes, 276

_Serratia marcescens_, 117-118; =pl. 16=

_Setaria verticillata_, 142

_Seurocyrnea colini_, 207

_Severianoia magna_, 200

_severianoi_, 200

Sewers, cockroaches in, 74, 332, 338

_Shelfordella tartara_, 8

_Shigella alkalescens_, 118

_dysenteriae_, 118

_paradysenteriae_, 119

Ships, 82-84

cockroaches on, 79, 82-87

slave, 79, 86, 87

Shrike, 281

_Sibylloblatta panesthoides_, 13, 151

_Sida_, 64, 159, 163

_Sideroxylon foetidissimum_, 63, 160

Silkworm, bacterium from, 126

"disease bacillus," 127

_Simblerastes jamaicanus_, 13, 69, 317, 334

_Simia jacchus_, 285

Sinanthropes, 71, 81

Skinks, 274, 354

Snakes, 276

Sodium fluoride, 278

Solanaceae, 161

_Solanum tuberosum_, 161

_Solenopsis geminata_, 314

_Solindenia picticornis_, 246, 247

Sound, cockroach, 330

Sow bugs, 347

Sparassidae, 215

Sparrow, 282

English, 282

_Spartan_, Ship, 84

Spartina marsh, 42

_Spelaeoblatta caeca_, 14

_gestroi_, 13, 22

_Spermophilopsis leptodactylus_, 24

_Sphaerita_, 189

_Sphaerodactylus_ sp., 273

Sphagnum, 52

Sphecidae, 264

_Sphecophila polybiarum_, 13, 314

_ravana_, 13, 310-311

_termitium_, 13, 311

_Sphodromantis bioculata_, 225

_viridis_, 225

_Spicaria prasina_, 130

Spiders, 3, 211, 214-216, 317, 318, 347, 349; =pl. 30=

banana, 215

big, brown house, 215

bird-eating, 214

black widow, 216

button, 215

huntsman, 215

nests, 215-216

_Spiniger domesticus_, 227

_Spirillochaeta blattae_, 127

_Spirillum_ α, β, and γ, 105

_periplaneticum_, 105, 127

sp., 105

_Spirocerca sanguinolenta_, 203

_Spirochaeta blattae_, 125

_blattarum_, 125

_periplanetae_, 125

_stylopygae_, 125

Spirochaetaceae, 125

Spirochaetales, 125

Spirochaetes, unidentified, 125

"Spirochaetoid bacteria," 127

_Spirorbis pusillus_, 14

_Spirostomidae_, 188

Spirotricha, 187

_Spirura gastrophila_, 207

Spiruridae, 205

Spiruroidea, 204

_Spondias_, 67

_mombin_, 158

_purpurea_, 158

Sporozoa, 181

Spruce, 44

Squirrel, ground, 23, 24, 26

_Stagmomantis carolina_, 225-226

Staphylococci, 107

_Staphylococcus albus_, 107

Staurojoeninidae, 174

_Stegobium paniceum_, 99

Steinernematidae, 192

_Steleopyga sinensis_, 13, 307

_Stenamma andrei_, 316

_Stenobothrus vagans_, 46

_Stenophora_ sp., 181

Stenophoridae, 181

Sterculiaceae, 159

_Stictolampra buqueti concinula_, 14, 33

_Stigmatomyces_ sp., 129, 138

_Stilpnoblatta minuta_, 316

_Stipa lessingiana_, 46

Strepsiptera, 234

_Streptococcus faecalis_, 109

_liquefaciens_, 110

_microapoika_, 110

_non-hemolyticus_, 110

_pyogenes_, 110

spp., 110

_Streptomyces leidynematis_, 124, 196, 197

Streptomycetaceae, 124

_Streptopelia chinensis_, 278

_Streptostomum gracile_, 195

Strigidae, 279

Strigiformes, 279

Strongyloidea, 209

Sturnidae, 281

_Stylogaster_ spp., 228

_stylata_, 228

_Stylopyga americana_, 12

_Styphon bakeri_, 14, 69, 344

_Subulura jacchi_, 204

Subuluridae, 204

Sugarcane, 37-39, 45, 48, 51, 53-56, 58, 64, 66-69, 141-142

_Suifunema caudelli_, 200

Sulfur, flowers of, 222

Sunfish, 269

Sunflower, 67

_Supella hottentotta_, 14, 29

_supellectilium_, 14, 69, 70, 71, 76, 82, 87, 89, 100, 115, 117,

142, 161, 165, 205, 216, 223, 232, 255, 307, 327, 333, 335, 339,

342, 349-351; =pls. 25, 30, 31, 34=

sp., 90

Swift, edible-nest, 318

Swiss chard, 47, 153

Symbiosis, 25-26, 92

_Symbius blattarum_, 232

_Symploce bicolor_, 14, 82

_bilabiata_, 14

_breviramis_, 14, 22

_cavernicola_, 14, 21, 22, 318, 333

_curta_, 14, 22

_flagellata_, 14, 69, 307

_hospes_, 14, 82, 161, 339

_jamaicana_, 14, 69

_kevani_, 14, 29

_lita_, 14

_parenthesis_, 14, 307

_remyi_, 14, 22

_ruficollis_, 14, 69, 142, 161, 307

sp., =90=

_Syncephalastrum_ sp., 133

Synonyms, 5

_Syntomosphyrum blattae_, 248

_glossinae_, 250

_ischnopterae_, =249=

_Systellogaster ovivora_, 248

_Syzygium aromaticum_, 160

_Szepligetella sericea_, 242

Tachinid, undetermined, 228

_Tachysphex blatticidus_, 264

_coriaceus_, 264

_fanuiensis_, 264

_lativalvis_, 264-265

_Taenia echinococcus_, 208

_saginata_, 208

Taeniidae, 208

Taenioidea, 208

Tamarind, 51

_Tamarindus indica_, 156

Tapeworm, undetermined, 208

_Tarachodes maurus_, 226

Tarantula, 214

_Tarantula_, 214

Tarsiidae, 284

_Tarsius_, 284

_Tartaroblatta karatavica_, 14, 70

_Tatu novemcinctum_, 287

Taxodiaceae, 140

_Tegenaria_, 214

Teiidae, 275

_Temnopteryx_, 134-135

_deropeltiformis_, 10

_obliquetruncata_, 14, 317

_phalerata_, 14, 307

_platysoma_, 8

Temperature preference, 25, 71

_Tenadores_, Steamship

_Tenodera aridifolia sinensis_, 226

_Termes bellicosus_, 311

_flavipes_, 316

_malaccensis_, 311

sp., =311=

Termites, 57, 69, 102, 310-311, 317, 320

comején, 317

Termitidae, 311

_Termopsis_ sp., 317

_Testudo horsfieldi_, 24

_Tetragenous_ sp., 127

_Tetralopha scabridella_, 35, 66, 67, 317

_Tetrameres americana,_ 207

_pattersoni_, 207

_Tetrastichodes asthenogmus_, 249

_Tetrastichus australasiae_, 249

_hagenowii_, 94, 249-253, 255, 349-351; =pl. 34=

_periplanetae_, 253

sp., 249, 254, 351

_Tetratrichomastix blattidarum_, 170

_Tettix kraussi_, 46

Thallophyta, 129

_Thecadactylus_ sp., 273

_Theganopteryx straminea_, 14, 30

_Thelastoma aligarhica_, 200

_brevicaudatum_, 194

_bulhõesi_, 201

_heterogamiae_, 199

_icemi_, 200

_indiana_, 194

_magalhãesi_, 194

_pachyjuli_, 200-201

_palmettum_, 201

_panesthiae_, 198

_riveroi_, 201

Thelastomatidae, 190, 193

Thelaziidae, 204

Thelyphonidae, 211

_Thelyphonus giganteus_, 211

_Theobroma cacao_, 159

Theraphosidae, 214

_Therea nuptialis_, 14, 344

Theridiidae, 215

Thistle, 60

giant, 51

_Thyrsocera cincta_, 13

_Tiaris bicolor omissa_, 282

_Tillandsia fasciculata_, 144

_usneoides_, 144

_uttriculata_, 50, 144

sp., 31, 36, 144

_Timulla eriphyla_, 264

_Tivia australica_, 14, 316

_brunnea_, 14, 30

_fulva_, 14, 28, 30

_macracantha_, 14, 23

_obscura_, 14, 30

sp., 23

Toads, 270, 353

Tobacco, 165

_Tockus birostris_, 279

Todidae, 279

_Todus mexicanus_, 279

Tody, 279

_Torula acidophila_, 132

_gropengiesseri_, 132

_rosea_, 132

_Torulopsis_, 130

_Toxoplasma gondii_, 190

Trapping, 53, 59-63

Treeferns, 36, 42, 50, 56, 57, 139

Trees (see under common or scientific name)

in general, 35-68

Trematoda, 208

_Treponema parvum_, 125

_stylopygae_, 125

Treponemataceae, 125

_Triatoma arthurneivai_, 227

_Tribulus_ sp., 63, 156, 163, 165

_Trichomastic orthopterum_, 169

_Trichomastix_, 169

Trichomonadidae, 171

_Trichomonas hominis_, 171

_orthopterorum_, 169

sp., 171

_Trichonympha_, 102

_acuta_, 174

_algoa_, 174, 175

_chula_, 176

_grandis_, 176

_lata_, 176

_okolona_, 175, 176

_parva_, 176

Trichonymphidae, 174

Trichostrongylidae, 210

_Trichostrongylus_ sp., 210

_Trichotarsus_, 218

Trichuridae, 210

_Trichuris trichiura_, 210

Trichuroidea, 210

_Trigonopsis abdominalis_, 265

_Trirhogma caerulea_, 262

sp., 264

Troglobies, 17, 20

_Troglodytes aedon_, 281

_audax_, 281

Troglodytidae, 281

Troglophiles, 16, 17, 19, 20, 23

Trogloxenes, 16

_Tropidophorus grayi_, 274

Trypanosomatidae, 167

Tulip tree, 53

Turkey, 278

Turtle, desert, 24, 26

painted, 272

_Typhloblatta caeca_, 14, 23

_Typhloblattodes madecassus_, 14, 23

_Tyrophagus lintneri_, 218

_noxius_, 218

_Urinympha_, 102

_talea_, 174, 175

_Urodacus novaehollandiae_, 213

_Uropoda_ sp., 217

Uropodidae, 217

_Vaccinium meridionale_, 43, 160

_Vanda_, 151, 163

_Veillonella parvula_, 109

Vejovidae, 213

Verbenaceae, 161

_Veromessor andrei_, 316

Vertebrata, 268-290

Vertebrates, 3, 268

in biological control, 353-354

_Vespa maculata_, 318

Vespidae, 314

_Vespula maculata_, 61, 318

_Vibrio comma_, 105

Deneke's, 105

_metschnikovii_, 105

sp., 106

types I and II, 106

_tyrogenus_, 105

_Vinca minor_, 161

_Vireo latimeri_, 281

Vireonidae, 281

Viruses, 103-104

Coxsackie, 103-104

encephalomyelitis, mouse, 104

poliomyelitis, 3, 103

Brunhilde type, 103

Columbia SK, 103

Lansing strain, 103

unspecified strains, 103

yellow-fever, 104

Viverridae, 289

_Vulpes_ sp., 288

Wasps, 91, 94, 314, 318, 348

cockroach-egg parasites, 234-254, 350, 352

cockroach-hunting, 255-266, 352

Water, balance, 72

drinking, 72

need for, 71

Water bug, 349

Wattle, 49

Webworm, 316

_Weinmannia_ sp., 155

Whipscorpion, 211

_William Kieth_, Steamship, 84

Willow, 47, 63, 152

Woodpeckers, 279-280

Wren, 281

Xerophiles, 25

_Xestoblatta festae_, 14, 87

_immaculata_, 14, 23

_Xylosma suaveolens_, 159

_Xysticus_, 214

Yeasts, 3, 127, 129, 132

Yellow-fever virus, 104

_Yucca elata_, 54, 146

_Zanthoxylum caribaeum_, 66, 157

_Zea mays_, 142, 165

_Zelotes_, 314

_Zeuxevania splendidula_, 93, 243, 249, 350

Zingiberaceae, 151

_Zootermopsis_, 103

Zygophyllaceae, 156

[Illustration: Decoration]

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Part of the cost of publication of this monograph was borne

by the Office of Naval Research, Department of the Navy (through the

American Institute of Biological Sciences), and by the Quartermaster

Research and Engineering Center, Department of the Army.

[2] Present address of both authors, Central Research

Laboratories, United Fruit Co., Upland Road, Norwood, Mass.

[3] Names of organisms preceded by an asterisk (*) are known or

suspected pathogens of vertebrates. These records were presented with

annotations in our 1957a paper on the medical and veterinary importance

of cockroaches. For that reason the annotations have not been repeated

herein, although the records have been included to make the listing of

the biotic associates of cockroaches substantially complete.

[4] The following helminths also have been stated in the

literature to pass their intermediate stages in cockroaches:

_Hymenolepis diminuta_ (Rudolphi, 1819) [Blanchard (1891)];

_Inermicapsifer madagascariensis_ (Davaine in Grenet, 1870) [Baer

(1956)]; _Spirocerca sanguinolenta_ (Rudolphi, 1819) [Seurat (1913)].

These doubtful records are discussed in Roth and Willis (1957a).

[5] Barber (1939) has shown that the correct spelling of the

name of the type genus is _Ripidius_ and not _Rhipidius_, as it is

frequently written, and that, consequently, the family should be

Ripiphoridae and not Rhipiphoridae.

[6] Page 11 of Marlatt (1902) has been cited erroneously so

many times in support of host records for _T. hagenowii_ and _Evania

appendigaster_ that we are quoting the pertinent section below. In the

section preceding the quoted material Marlatt discusses the American,

Australian, oriental, and German cockroaches. There is nothing in the

paper to connect any of these cockroaches specifically with the

parasites mentioned below:

NATURAL ENEMIES AND PARASITES

"In Europe the egg capsules of the cockroach are often parasitized

by an ichneumon fly (_Evania appendigaster_). This insect has become

widely distributed over the world following its host insect, and has

been redescribed under a great many different names. It was found in

Cuba as early as 1829, and has been several times collected in the

United States. Unfortunately, its usefulness as a means of keeping the

roach in check by destroying the egg capsules is greatly impaired by

the occurrence of another ichneumon fly (_Entedon hagenowi_), which

is parasitic upon the first. This is also a European species which

has been brought over with its host parasite. If the true egg capsule

parasite of the roach could have been introduced into this country

without this secondary parasite, its usefulness would doubtless have

been very much greater. The secondary parasite, however, seems to have

been introduced early, and has been found in Cuba and Florida, and

probably occurs as widely as its host and prevents the latter from

multiplying very greatly."

[7] Brues et al. (1954) include this family in the Encyrtidae.

[8] archy (Marquis, 1931) was living in a dream world when he

typed:

"there is always

something to be thankful

for you would not

think that a cockroach

had much ground

for optimism

but as the fishing season

opens up i grow

more and more

cheerful at the thought

that nobody ever got

the notion of using

cockroaches for bait"

[9] Classification of Amphibia and Reptilia follows Hegner (1936).

[10] Classification of Amphibia and Reptilia follows Hegner (1936).

[11] Classification of Mammalia follows Simpson (1945).

[12] The West Indian "_Blabera fusca_ Brunner" of Saupe (1928)

is obviously _Blaberus craniifer_ as can readily be seen from a

comparison of Saupe's figures of the pronotal shields of his species

with the descriptions by Hebard (1917) of _B. craniifer_ and _Blaberus

atropos_ (Stoll). The Chilean _B. fusca_ Brunner is a junior synonym of

_B. atropos_ (Stoll), a South American insect (Hebard, 1917).

[13] The species was recorded by these authors as _Blaberus

atropos_. (Hebard, 1917 p. 204, footnote 327.)

Transcriber's Notes:

- symbol for: female indiv. replaced by [F]

- symbol for: male indiv. replaced by [M]

- symbol for: 'dagger' replaced by [cross]

- Different languages (English, French, German, Danish, Latin, etc.)

have different spellings for example in titles of books, etc. These

remain as in the original.

- Several blank lines inserted to enhance readability of text(!)

- Several page numbers in 'table of contents' corrected, according to

real page numbers.

- caret used for superscripted characters; eg.: abc^{...}

- underscore used for subscripted characters; eg.: abc_{...}