When God resolved to take revenge upon Babylon for all the sufferings
it had inflicted on Israel, He chose Darius and Cyrus as the agents of
vengeance. Cyrus, the king of Persia, and his father-in-law Darius, the
king of Media, together went up against Belshazzar, the ruler of the
Chaldeans. The war lasted a considerable time, and fortune favored
first one side, then the other, until finally the Chaldeans won a
decisive victory. To celebrate the event, Belshazzar arranged a great
banquet, which was served from the vessels taken out of the Temple at
Jerusalem by his father. While the king and his guests were feasting,
the angel sent by God put the "Mene, Mene, Tekel, Upharsin" on the
wall, Aramaic words in Hebrew characters, (1) written with red ink. The
angel was seen by none but the king. His grandees and the princes of
the realm who were present at the orgy perceived nothing. The king
himself did not see the form of the angel, only his awesome fingers as
they traced the words were visible to him.
The interpretation given to the enigmatical words by Daniel put an end
to the merry-making of the feasters. They scattered in dread and fear,
leaving none behind except the king and his attendants. In the same
night the king was murdered by an old servant, who knew Daniel from the
time of Nebuchadnezzar, and doubted not that his sinister prophecy
would be fulfilled. With the head of King Belshazzar he betook himself
to Darius and Cyrus, and told them how his master had desecrated the
sacred vessels, told them of the wonderful writing on the wall, and of
the way it had been interpreted by Daniel. The two kings were moved by
his recital to vow solemnly that they would permit the Jews to return
to Palestine, and would grant them the use of the Temple vessels.
They resumed the war against Babylonia with more energy, and God
vouchsafed them victory. They conquered the whole of Belshazzar's
realm, and took possession of the city of Babylon, whose inhabitants,
young and old, were made to suffer death. The subjugated lands were
divided between Cyrus and Darius, the latter receiving Babylon and
Media, the former Chaldea, Persia, and Assyria. (2)
But this is not the whole story of the fall of Babylon. The wicked king
Belshazzar arranged the banquet at which the holy vessels were
desecrated in the fifth year of his reign, because he thought it wholly
certain then that all danger was past of the realization of Jeremiah's
prophecy, foretelling the return of the Jews to Palestine at the end of
seventy years of Babylonian rule over them. Nebuchadnezzar had governed
twenty-five years, and Evil-merodach twenty-three, leaving five years
in the reign of Belshazzar for the fulfilment of the appointed time.
(3) Not enough that the king scoffed at God by using the Temple
vessels, he needs must have the pastry for the banquet, which was given
on the second day of the Passover festival, made of wheaten flour finer
than that used on this day for the `Omer in the Temple.
Punishment followed hard upon the heels of the atrocity. Cyrus and
Darius served as door-keepers of the royal palace on the evening of the
banquet. They had received orders from Belshazzar to admit none, though
he should say he was the king himself. Belshazzar was forced to leave
his apartments for a short time, and he went out unnoticed by the two
door-keepers. On his return, when he asked to be admitted, they felled
him dead, even while he was asseverating that he was the king. (4)