Aboukir Bay, 405.
Age, standard of, a factor in efficiency, 70.
_Albany_, sloop, 327, 328.
Alexandria, 403; 404;
battle off, 405-408; 410.
Algeciras, allied fleet anchored at, 289;
French ships anchor off, 415;
Saumarez starts for, 415;
Saumarez finds French ships moored at, 415;
_Hannibal_ re-anchors at, 419;
crowded with eager sight-seers, 419;
renewed battle off, 420.
Algiers, battle of, 428;
policy of, 462,463;
Nelson denounces, 463;
refuses demand of Lord Exmouth in regard to treatment of captives, 464;
Italian coral fishermen slaughtered on coast of, 464;
Lord Exmouth demands release of Christian slaves in, 464;
its system of defences, 465;
navy of, in port, 466;
Capt. Warde examines defences in port of, 466;
Lord Exmouth sails against, 468;
battle at bay of, 470-473.
Algiers, Dey of, 463;
consults the Porte, 464;
makes submission to Exmouth, 473;
delivers up Christian slaves, 473, 474.
_Alligator_, ship, 266.
Altavela, 244.
_Amazon_, ship, 456;
fight of, with _Droits de l'Homme_, 456, 457;
wreck of, 458, 459.
Amiens, Peace of, 460.
Anglo-Dutch war, marks period of transition in naval warfare, 12.
Anglo-Saxon predominance, beginning of the struggle for, 100;
approaching its crisis, 100.
ANSON, Lord, takes command of Channel fleet, 122;
presents Rodney at court, 153;
succeeded by Earl of Sandwich, 154; 385.
Antigua, 163; 228; 245.
_Apollo_, frigate, 442;
engages Stanislas, 442; 443.
ARBUTHNOT, Admiral, ordered to send ships to West Indies, 210;
his force added to Rodney's, 211;
regards himself injured, 212.
_Ardent_, ship, 242.
ARNOLD, Benedict, 433; 436; 437;
bravery of, in battle, 439;
retires toward Crown Point, 439;
Cooper's praise of, 440; 441; 442.
Articles of War, modified, 95.
Audierne Bay, 458.
Austria, peace signed with, 413; 454.
Baltic league, fostered by Napoleon, 413;
shattered by Nelson, 413;
Saumarez disturbs, 422, 423.
Baltic Sea, affairs in, 421.
Barbados, injuries at, by hurricane, 217;
British fleet arrives at, 228;
Rodney returns to, 230;
Rodney unwilling to fight French, off, 230;
Rodney reaches, 233; 245;
Saumarez reaches, 394.
_Barfleur_, ship, 240; 242; 311.
BARRINGTON, declines command of Channel fleet, 182;
refuses
command of a fleet, 286;
denounces ministry, 286; 287;
second to Howe, 289; 297.
BART, Jean, French privateer, 451.
Basque Roads, its character as a harbor, 112; 141.
_Bedford_, ship, 240.
_Berwick_, ship, 79, 81.
BIRON, Maréchal, makes money advance to Rodney, 179.
Black Rocks, reef, 411.
_Blenheim_, ship, 351; 365.
_Blonde_, ship, Burgoyne embarks on, 431.
Bombay, 461.
BOMPART, Commodore, leaves America, 134;
his arrival, 135.
BONAPARTE, _see Napoleon_.
BOSCAWEN, Admiral, fleet under, collecting at Portsmouth, 103;
sails to intercept French squadron, 103, 104;
loses two ships, 104;
before Toulon, 126;
attacks French frigates near Toulon, 133;
his failure, 133;
returns to Gibraltar, 133;
criticism of, 133;
surprised while repairing, 134;
his rapid movements, 134;
goes in pursuit of De la Clue, 134;
destroys five French ships, 134;
succeeds Hawke temporarily, 143.
Boston, loss of, 284.
Brest, Hawke's efficient blockade of, 122;
movements of French navy at, 126;
De la Clue sails for, 133;
Conflans's ships escape to, 141;
Rodney operates against, 158;
Jervis closes port of, 375, 392;
blockade of, 411;
bay of, 411;
Pellew stationed off, 454;
French expedition against Ireland sails from, 455.
Brimstone Hill, 234; 394.
_Bristol_, ship, 384; 385; 386; 387.
British Empire, non-existent in 1748, 99.
British Ministry, apprehensive over schooner _Hawke_ incident, 172;
cautions Rodney, 172;
learns that Spain is concentrating vessels at Cadiz, 414.
BRUEYS, at Battle of Nile, 416.
_Brunswick_, ship, 314; 315.
_Burford_, ship, 262.
BURGOYNE, 276; 284; 431; 434;
leads renewed invasion, 442.
BURRISH, Capt. George, off Toulon, 30;
his address to his lieutenants, 32;
decision of court in case of, 35;
cashiered, 37.
BYNG, Admiral, his incompetency at Minorca, 5, 20;
finding of courtmartial of, 17;
one of the judges of Mathews, 24;
his punishment, 25;
his situation at Minorca reviewed, 47-63;
author's criticism of, 64;
discussion of trial of, 64;
article under which he was convicted and executed, 96, 97;
his sailing for Minorca, 104;
arrival off Port Mahon, 104;
engages French fleet, 105;
retires to Gibraltar, 105;
news of retreat of, reaches England, 105;
superseded by Hawke, 105;
sent home, 105;
inquiry concerning in House of Commons, 105;
defended by Pitt, 105;
his execution a political exigency, 180.
BYRON, given North American command, 176; 284;
relieves Howe and goes to West Indies, 183; 284;
his failure and return to England, 183.
Cabrita Point, 419.
Cadiz, French ships escape to, 134; 336; 347;
Spaniards running for, 352;
Spanish gunboats leave, 361;
blockade at, 362;
Saumarez blockades, 400;
French and Spanish navies concentrated at, 414;
Saumarez ordered to blockade, 414;
Saumarez arrives off, 415;
Saumarez prevents entrance of French ship to, 415;
object of concentration at, frustrated by Saumarez, 421.
Cadiz, Bay of, 369.
_Cæsar_, ship, Saumarez appointed to command, 410;
injured at Algeciras, 418;
refitted, 418;
hauls out from Gibraltar mole, 419;
sails for Algeciras, 419;
appears off Europa Point, 419.
CAMPBELL, Captain, aids in suppressing mutiny on board
ship _Marlborough_, 365.
Cape Horn, 260.
Cape Passaro, Battle of, 69.
Cape St. Vincent, _see St. Vincent, Cape_.
Cap François, 231; 236; 244; 246.
_Captain_, ship, 351.
Cardinals, The, rocks, 137, 139.
CARKETT, Captain, 200;
his disobedience of Rodney's orders, 200, 201.
CARLETON, General, 433; 434.
_Carleton_, schooner, 437;
Pellew left in command of, 438;
obliged to withdraw, 438; 439; 475.
Cartagena, harbor of, schooner _Hawke_ taken to, 171;
governor of, Rodney demands schooner _Hawke_ from, 171.
_César_, ship, 240.
Champlain, Lake, 433; 436;
battle on, 436, 437; 442; 475.
CHANDOS, Duke of, 148.
Channel Fleet, Keppel appointed to command
of, 176; 183; 271; 281; 286; 287;
Howe takes command of, 299;
Howe remains in nominal command of, 318;
Howe formally retires from command of, 319;
Jervis attached to, 331;
rumor concerning command of, 337;
lack of discipline in, 367; 374; 375;
St. Vincent again called to command of, 380;
_Tisiphone_ attached to, 392; 394;
St. Vincent takes command of, 411; 451; 454.
Channel Islands, Saumarez commander-in-chief at, 421.
Charente, river, French vessels flee up, 117.
Charleston, British fleet arrives off, 386.
Cherbourg, Saumarez present at beginning of work on breakwater at, 398;
frigate _Réunion_ quits, 399.
CHEVALIER, Captain, tribute of, to Admiral Howe, 296.
_Cléopâtre_, ship, fight of, with _Nymphe_, 448, 449.
CLINTON, Sir Henry, his evacuation of New York, 277;
at Cape May, 278;
reaches Navesink, 279; 280.
CODRINGTON, Lieutenant, 311; 316.
COLLINGWOOD, 311;
criticises movement of Admiral Mann, 348;
at battle off Cape St. Vincent, 355; 410;
off Brest, 412;
Pellew succeeds, 460.
CONFLANS, opposed by Hawke, 126;
sails, 135;
his fleet breaks apart and flees, 141;
his flag-ship destroyed, 141; 273.
COOK, James, master of fleet at Quebec, 326, 327.
COOPER, naval historian, his opinion of Arnold, 440.
Copenhagen, 413; 446.
Cornwall, 429.
_Cornwall_, ship, 202.
CORNWALLIS, Lord, his fate in America, settled, 232;
his surrender, 233;
surrender of, change of ministry consequent upon, 251;
offers commission to Saumarez, 385;
meeting of, with Saumarez, subsequently, 385.
Corsica, 333; 337;
in revolt against Britain, 346;
evacuated by British, 347.
_Courageux_, ship, wrecked on Barbary coast, 350; 352.
_Crescent_, frigate, Saumarez appointed to command, 399;
action of, with French frigate _Réunion_, 399, 400.
Crown Point, 433; 439;
Pellew lands at, 441.
_Culloden_, ship, 353, 354.
CUMBERLAND, Richard, his remark concerning Rodney, 178.
CUMBY, Lieutenant, parody by, upon Admiral Jervis, 373;
pretended revenge of Admiral upon, 374.
Curaçao, 246.
CURTIS, Fleet Captain, 311.
CURTIS, Sir Roger, 250.
Czar of Russia, 421.
DACRES, Lieutenant, wounded, 437, 438.
Declaration of Independence, 275.
DE COURT, Admiral, his comments on engagement off Toulon, 44; 81.
_Defence_, ship, 342; 363.
DE GRASSE, Count, fleet under, sails for Martinique, 221, 222;
sights Hood's division, 222;
gives Hood battle, 222;
moves to support his detachment at Tobago, 229;
sails for Hayti, 231;
protects convoy from Martinique to Cap François, 236;
is followed by Rodney, 236;
separates ships of war from convoy, 237;
fails to use his opportunity, 237;
condition of ships of, 238;
flag-ship of, collides with _Zélé_, 238;
battle with Rodney, 238-242;
disaster to squadron of, 292;
transports sail to carry stores to, 392;
off St. Christopher, 394;
Saumarez engages flag-ship of, 396.
DE GUICHEN, sails from Martinique, 197;
his battle with Rodney, 200-206;
asks to be relieved, 206;
his fleet returns to Europe, 214; 239.
DE LA CLUE, Admiral, sails for Brest, 133;
near Gibraltar, 133;
is seen by British frigate, 134;
pursued by Boscawen, 134;
fire-ships destroyed by Boscawen, 134.
DE RUYTER, pronounced greatest naval seaman in era of Charles II., 12, 13.
D'ESTAING, Count, Howe's campaign against, 268, 269;
leaves Toulon for America, 277;
his arrival delayed, 279;
strength of squadron of, 279;
arrives, 279;
sails southward, 280;
enters harbor of Newport, 281;
again puts to sea, 281;
fleet of, scattered, 282;
appears again off Rhode Island, 282;
retires to Boston, 282;
runs batteries at Seakonnet channel, 388;
is lured out of bay, 388;
abandons coast, 388.
Devonshire, 429.
_Devonshire_, ship, 90, 91.
Dey, of Algiers, _see Algiers, Dey of_.
Dominica, 237.
_Dorsetshire_, frigate, 41, 46, 137.
DOUGLAS, Sir Charles, his criticism of Rodney's encounter with
De Grasse, 247; 433; 437;
on battle of Lake Champlain, 439;
commands Pellew, 440.
DOUGLAS, Sir James, 165.
DRAKE, Rear Admiral, sent by Rodney against De Grasse, 229;
forced to retire before superior force, 230.
_Droits de l'Homme_, ship, fight of, with _Indefatigable_
and _Amazon_, 456, 457;
wreck of, 458.
Dungeness, anecdote of Nelson off, 446, 447.
DUPLEIX, recalled from India by French government, 101.
_Dutton_, ship, driven ashore at Plymouth, 452;
her troops, passengers, and crew saved through action
of Admiral Pellew, 452-454.
_Eagle_, ship, 90, 153.
East Indies, 403.
East India, station, Pellew assigned to, 460.
Egypt, 403; 404; 413.
ELLIS, Lieutenant, 343.
ELLISON, Captain, Earl St. Vincent's rebuke to, 363, 364.
ELPHINSTONE, Captain, 165.
Erie, Lake, 436.
_Essex_, ship, 112.
Europa Point, 419.
EXMOUTH, Lord, _see Pellew_.
Falkland Islands, incident at, brings Great Britain and Spain
on verge of rupture, 172.
Falmouth, 456.
FAULKNER, Captain, 342, 343.
FEARNEY, William, bargeman, receives surrendered Spanish swords
from Nelson, 356.
Ferrol, Spanish port of, Pellew watches, 460.
Fighting Instructions, of 1740 and 1756, compared with those of 1665;
Rooke's tactics adopted in, 16.
Finisterre, Cape, 291.
Finland, gulf of, Russian fleet takes refuge in, 425.
First Consul, Napoleon as, 413.
_Flamborough_, frigate, 78.
FLIGHT, Colonel, Admiral Jervis plays joke upon, 370.
_Formidable_, flag-ship of Rodney, 239.
Fort Moultrie, _see Moultrie Fort_.
Fort Royal, 235.
_Foudroyant_, ship, 330; 331.
Four Days Battle, British meet severe check in, 11;
attributed to strategic errors, 12;
Penn's criticism of, 12.
Fox, Captain, criticised for conduct in battle off La Rochelle, 93;
court-martialled, 93;
retired as a rear-admiral, 93.
Fox, Charles J., supported in Parliament by Admiral Jervis, 332.
France, abandons Egypt, 101;
sends fleet and force against Minorca, 104;
declares war against Great Britain, 105;
captures British supply vessel off Gibraltar, 106;
sends squadron to convoy troops to Cape Breton, 1758, 116;
ships of, flee up river Charente, 117;
vessels of, make their escape, 117;
determines to invade England, 124;
preparations of, for invasion of England, 124, 125;
war between Great Britain and, imminent, 176;
declares war against Great Britain, 185;
expedition of, against Ireland, sails from Brest, 455;
failure of expedition of, against Ireland, 456.
François, Cap, 231; 236; 244; 246.
FRANKLIN, Benjamin, on French occupation of Canada, 102;
receives note from Admiral Howe, 275;
bitter reply of, 275;
Howe's comment on, 275.
_Franklin_, ship, 406.
FREDERICK the Great, 260.
Free ports, Great Britain institutes, in West Indies, 169;
effect of, 169;
Rodney's report concerning, 169; 170.
French Navy, _see Navy, French_.
French, the, their part in development of tactical science, 13;
seamen mobbed in Boston, 282;
land in Egypt, 404.
Galley fighting, its superiority in effectiveness to that in
sailing vessels, 7;
its decline, 8;
its traditions linger, 8.
GARDNER, Lord, 265.
GEARY, Francis, Hawke's advice to, 146.
GEORGE I., King of England, stands sponsor for infant Rodney, 148.
GEORGE II., King of England, takes knowledge of Hawke, 84.
GEORGE III., King of England, conversation of, with Earl St. Vincent, 287.
Gibraltar, Rooke's capture of, 16;
Byng retires to, 105;
Hawke reaches, 105;
Boscawen returns to, 133;
De la Clue near, 133; 187;
joy at, over Rodney's victory off Cape St. Vincent, 193, 194; 269;
Howe's relief of, 288-295;
Jervis at relief of, 331; 346; 348;
three ships wrecked at, 350;
Saumarez convoys prizes to, 409; 410;
Saumarez withdraws from Algeciras to, 416;
Exmouth joins Dutch fleet at, 468.
_Gibraltar_, ship, injured on a reef, 350.
_Glorieux_, ship, 239.
Great Britain, declares war against France, 105;
institutes free ports in Jamaica, 169;
effect of this movement, 169;
foreign policy of, enfeebled, 172;
on verge of rupture with Spain over Falkland Islands incident, 172;
war between France and, imminent, 176;
pensions daughters of Maréchal Biron, 180;
declares war against Holland, 217;
Napoleon seeks to exclude commerce of, 413.
Great Britain, Navy of, _see Navy of Great Britain_.
Greenwich Hospital, Palliser appointed to governorship of, 182.
Grenada, captured by British, 159.
Gros Ilet Bay, 235.
Guadaloupe, 237; 238; 243; 245.
Guernsey, Island, James Saumarez born on, 383;
later years of Saumarez at, 427.
HALLOWELL, Captain, 352;
eccentric response of, to Jervis, 353.
_Hannibal_, ship, loss of, at Algeciras, 416; 418;
re-anchors at Algeciras, 419.
Havana, Rodney at fall of, 166;
loss of, embitters Spain, 171.
Havre, Rodney operates against, 158.
HAWKE, Admiral, development of naval warfare identified with name of, 4;
uplifted the navy, 6;
off Toulon, 29, 39, 40;
his capture of the Spanish vessel, _Poder_, 40;
his birth and parentage, 77;
his promotion to post-captain, 78;
appointed to the _Berwick_, 79;
sails for the Mediterranean, 79;
loses his political influence, 79;
war against Spain declared, 80;
sails for West Indies in _Portland_, 80;
war of Austrian succession, 80;
before Toulon, 81;
his exceptional conduct in battle, 81;
is complimented by Rear-Admiral Rowley, 84;
effect of the battle on his fortunes, 84;
the king takes knowledge of him, 84;
becomes a rear-admiral, 85;
hoists his flag, 85;
cruises in the Bay of Biscay, under Sir Peter Warren, 85;
joined to Warren in command, 86;
goes to sea in command, 86;
subordinates pecuniary to military considerations, 88;
descries the enemy off La Rochelle, 89;
overhauls fleet of French merchantmen convoyed by
Commodore L'Etenduère, 89;
orders general chase, 90;
overtakes the French rear, 90;
his brilliant victory, 91;
his report of the engagement, 92;
calls a council of war, 93;
displeased with Capt. Fox, 93;
actually commander in battle with L'Etenduère, 97;
given Order of the Bath, 98;
now known as Sir Edward Hawke, 98;
promoted to rank of vice-admiral, 98;
in dock yard command, 98;
most illustrious naval officer, 100;
revolutionizes naval ideas, 100;
his part in arbitrament with France, 103;
again in command of a fleet, 103;
sails against French, 104;
seizes 300 trading vessels, 104;
supersedes Byng, 105;
reaches Gibraltar, 105;
sends Byng home, 105;
institutes inquiry into conduct of Byng's captains, 105;
denies allegations of Pitt in House of Commons, 105;
disliked by Pitt, 106;
returns to England, 106;
recaptures British supply vessel in Spanish port, 107;
his characteristic independence illustrated, 107;
his service henceforth confined to Channel fleet, 108;
maintains blockade of French ports, 108;
his expedition against Rochefort, 111;
controversy concerning it, 111;
his maxim concerning pilots, 112;
his surprise at Basque Roads, 112;
characterization of that harbor, 112;
his coolness, 113;
his self-assertion, 113;
his bold disregard of pilotage difficulties at Quiberon, 114;
declines to attend a council of war, 115;
reaches Spithead, 115;
resents language of Pitt, 116;
his service against French squadron, 1758, 116;
his failure to destroy French squadron through defective equipment, 117;
practically supplanted by Howe, 118;
abandons his command in an indignant note, 118, 119;
his anger in some respects justified, 119;
is summoned to the Admiralty, 121;
defends his action, 121;
his position strengthened, 121;
accompanies Anson as second in command, 122;
culminating epoch in career of, 122;
his triumph at Quiberon Bay, 122;
his capacity as a seaman proved, 122;
his efficient blockade of Brest, 122;
is burned in effigy, 124;
operations at Brest, 126;
his double duty there, 126;
his difficulties, 126;
opposes Conflans, 126;
his method at Quiberon analyzed, 127-130;
assures the Admiralty, 131;
his great tact in correspondence, 132;
discharges a mutinous surgical officer, 132;
defends his act, 132;
his liberality toward subordinates, 132;
watches French ships at Cadiz, 134;
sends ships to reinforce light squadron, 134;
recalls ships-of-the-line, 134;
anchors in Torbay, 135;
receives news of French fleet, 135;
crowds all sail for Quiberon, 136;
sights the French fleet, 136;
gives pursuit, 136, 137;
opens fire, 137;
his orders to his sailing master, 138;
is overtaken by night, 139;
follows French fleet round The Cardinals, 139;
sinks two French ships, 140;
cows the French navy, 141;
his losses at Quiberon, 141;
his feat at Quiberon analyzed, 142;
returns to England, 143;
is succeeded by Boscawen temporarily, 143;
received with honors, 143;
denied a peerage, 143;
his indifference to self-advancement, 143;
his independence in professional conduct, toward superiors, 143, 144;
hauls down his flag, 144;
becomes first Lord of the Admiralty, 144;
made vice-admiral of Great Britain, 145;
the peerage conferred, 145;
his advice to Geary, 146;
his death, 146;
his distinctive glory, 146;
his opinion of Howe, 262; 273.
_Hawke_, schooner, 170,
overhauled by Spanish coast guard vessels, 170;
taken to Cartagena, 171.
Hayti, 231; 236.
_Hector_, ship, 240.
_Hermenegildo_, ship, 417; 420;
remarkable loss of, 420.
Hohenlinden, 413.
Holland, Great Britain declares war against, 217; 390.
HOOD, Sir Samuel, strength of his powers, 74;
made second in command to Rodney, 220;
arrives at West India station, 221;
his disagreement with Rodney, 221;
gives battle to De Grasse, 222;
urges Rodney to effect a coalition of forces, 223;
joins Rodney at St. Kitts, 228;
criticises Rodney's movement against De Grasse at Tobago, 229;
defends St. Kitts, 234;
urges Rodney to more energetic action, 243;
criticises Rodney, 244-246;
his comment on Rodney, 252;
in command of Mediterranean fleet, 299;
anchors off St. Christopher, 394;
appoints Saumarez to command _Russell_, 395.
Horn, Cape, 260.
HOSTE, Paul, historian of achievements of Tourville, 13.
HOWE, Lord, his important mission, 176;
his return from America, 182;
his character and temperament, 183, 184;
anecdote of, recorded by Sir Byam Martin, 250; 254;
his especial claim on esteem of Americans, 254;
respect in American colonies for his elder brother, 254-256;
succeeds to the peerage held by his brother, 256;
character compared with that of his brother, 256;
his early service, 259;
enters the navy, 259;
embarks for Pacific in Anson's squadron, 259;
serves in West Indies, 260;
his part in Seven Years War, 260;
his friendship with Wolfe, 262;
characterization of, by a French pilot, 262;
Hawke's opinion of, 262, 263;
his taciturnity, 263;
receives the Duke of York, 263;
his coolness and self-possession, 263;
anecdotes of, 264, 265;
his composure under suspense, 266, 267, 268;
his campaign against D'Estaing, 268;
contrasted with Jervis, 270, 271;
at Quiberon, 273;
in House of Commons, 274;
becomes rear-admiral, 274;
in confidence of Hawke, 274;
appointed to command squadron, 274;
vice-admiral, 275;
commander-in-chief of North American station, 275;
given treaty powers, 275;
addresses note to Franklin, 275;
his comment on Franklin's reply, 275;
concerning his letter to Washington, 276;
his operations about New York, 276;
author's characterization of, 277, 278;
learns of coming of D'Estaing, 278;
concentrates at New York, 278;
disposition of squadron of, against D'Estaing, 279, 280;
manoeuvres to avoid battle with D'Estaing, 281;
fleet of, scattered, 282;
highest title of, to fame, 283;
follows French fleet to Newport, and Boston, 284;
resigns command, 284;
succeeded by Vice-admiral Byron, 284;
sails for England, 284;
words of, in House of Commons, 284;
again brought into service, 287;
encounters allied fleet off Scilly, 288;
tactical manoeuvre of, off Land's End, 288;
relief of Gibraltar by, 288, 295;
tribute of Chevalier to, 296;
headed for Atlantic, 297;
is pursued by allies, 297;
regains Spithead, 297;
on shore duty, 297;
as first Lord of Admiralty, 298;
appoints Nelson to a ship, 298;
at head of navy at outbreak of French revolution, 298;
takes command of Channel fleet, 299;
encounters French fleet and convoy, 301, 302;
gives chase, 302;
tactical skill of, 303, 304;
analysis of tactics in fight with Villaret-Joyeuse, 306, 307;
attacks latter, in force, 310;
conduct of, in action, 311;
victory of, over French fleet, 315, 316;
career of, ended, 318;
in nominal command of Channel fleet, 318;
suppresses mutinies, 318;
active service of, closed, 319;
retires formally from command of
Channel fleet, 319;
estimate of, of Battle of the Nile, 379;
appearance of, off Rhode Island, 388, 409;
commends Pellew, 440;
again commends Pellew, 450, 476, 477.
HOWE, General, departs for England, 284.
Hudson, river, 442.
Hyères Islands, 21.
_Indefatigable_, ship, 455;
fight of, with _Droits de l'Homme_, 456, 457;
narrow escape of, from wreck, 458.
India, 403.
_Inflexible_, ship, 435;
launch and description of, 435, 436;
in battle of Lake Champlain, 438, 439.
_Intrépide_, ship, 57, 59, 60, 62, 63, 91.
Ionian Isles, slaves, natives of, released by Pellew, 462.
Ireland, French expedition against, sails from Brest, 455;
expedition reaches, 456.
_Jacobin_, ship, 313.
Jamaica, threatened by Brest fleet, 160; 161;
succored by Rodney, 162; 163;
station, Rodney appointed to command, 167;
station, required high degree of executive ability to command, 168;
its situation in relation to Spanish colonies, 168;
free ports instituted in, 169;
Rodney moves toward, 243; 393.
JAMES II., Duke of York, his fighting instructions, 1665, 9.
JERVIS, Admiral, contrasted with Howe, 270-272, 320;
contrasted with Nelson, 321;
his opinion of Nelson, 321;
birth of, 321, 322;
early life of, 322;
runs away to sea, 322;
sails for West Indies, 322;
early privations, 323;
contrasted with Rodney, 324;
cruises in the Caribbean, 324;
returns to England, 324;
is made lieutenant, 325;
with Boscawen in the St. Lawrence, 325;
goes to Mediterranean with Hawke, 325;
relieves Byng, 325;
associated with Sir Charles Saunders, 325;
intimacy with Wolfe, 325;
in command of _Porcupine_, 326;
conversation of, with Wolfe before
battle of Plains of Abraham, 326;
leads fleet against Quebec, 326;
goes to England after fall of Quebec, 327;
appointed to command a ship, 327;
ordered to return to North America, 327;
puts in at Plymouth, leaking, 327;
given command of sloop _Albany_, 327;
conquers mutinous sailors, and sets sail, 328;
arrives at New York, 328;
promoted to post-captain, 328;
an admiral at fifty-two, 328;
commands frigate in Mediterranean, 328;
resents insult to British flag, by Genoese officers, 329;
forces an apology, 329;
opposed to abolition of slave trade, 329;
commissions the _Foudroyant_, 330;
attached to the Channel fleet, 331;
in Keppel's battle off Ushant, 331;
at Gibraltar with Howe, 331;
captures French ship _Pégase_, 331;
receives a baronetcy, 332;
receives Order of the Bath, 332;
takes seat in Parliament, 332;
supports Fox, 332;
attains rank of rear-admiral and of vice-admiral, 332;
is again afloat, 332;
on service in Caribbean Sea, 332;
his brusque treatment of a lieutenant, 332, 333;
his attitude toward matrimony, 333;
returns to England, 333;
appointed to command Mediterranean Station, 333;
joins fleet in San Fiorenzo Bay, 333;
reaches grade of admiral of the Blue, 334;
reaches crowning period of his career, 334;
disposition of fleet of, 336;
as strict disciplinarian, 337;
anecdotes concerning this characteristic of, 337-340;
his care of health of officers and men, 343, 344;
embarrassment of, 347;
disappointment of, at Admiral Mann's failure to obey orders, 349;
cheerfulness of, under discouragements, 351;
reinforcements reach, 351;
encounters large Spanish fleet, 352;
courageous remark of, 352;
victory of, at Cape St. Vincent, 352-357;
gratitude of England toward, 356;
created Earl of St. Vincent, 356;
analysis of movements of, in battle of Cape St. Vincent, 356, 357;
blockades Spanish at Cadiz, 357;
suppresses mutinous action of seamen, 358, 359;
action of, in case of seamen, of ship _St. George_, 360, 361;
repels attack of Spanish gunboats from Cadiz, 361, 362;
stern repression of mutiny by, on board ship _Marlborough_, 362-367;
stern rebuke of, to Capt. Ellison, 363, 364;
brusque reply of, to Sir Edward Pellew, 367;
sternness of, 368;
forbids captains to dine each other, 368;
quaint humor of, 369;
anecdotes of, 369, 370;
reverence of, for the flag, 372;
satire upon, by Lieutenant Cumby, 373;
pretended revenge of, for, 373. 374;
decline of health of, 374;
return of, to England, 374;
placed in command of Channel fleet, 375;
establishes rigid discipline in same, 375;
closes port of Brest, 375;
analysis of last named movement, 376;
three great services of, to England, 378;
discipline of, of Mediterranean fleet, 378;
winning by, of Battle of St. Vincent, 378;
suppression of mutinies by, 378;
contrasted with Nelson, 378, 379;
Nelson's esteem for, 379;
Nelson's differences with, 379;
arranges expedition which led to Battle of the Nile, 379;
credit due, for same, 379, 380;
later years of, 380;
succeeds Pitt as First Lord of the Admiralty, 380;
retires from active
service, 380;
hauls down his flag, 380;
country seat of, 380;
closing years of, 380, 381;
liberality, of, 381;
active habits of in old age, 381;
death of, 381.
Judith, Point, 281.
KEITH, Lord, 367.
KEMPENFELT, Admiral, 288;
second to Howe, 289;
death of, 290;
sent in pursuit of De Grasse, 393;
makes valuable capture, 393.
KEPPEL, Admiral, appointed to Channel fleet, 176;
resigns command of Channel fleet, 182;
chagrin of, 286; 287;
Jervis with, at Ushant, 331;
assists Saumarez in advancement, 384, 385;
companion of uncle of Saumarez, 385
Land's End, Howe's tactical movement off, 288.
LANGARA, his fleet destroyed by Rodney, 216.
_Leander_, ship, 472.
L'ETENDUÈRE, Commodore, attacked by Hawke, 89;
Hawke commander in battle with, 97; 157.
Leghorn, in power of France, 346.
LESTOCK, Vice-Admiral, off Toulon, 21, 22;
his part in trial of Mathews, 21-25;
his own trial and defence, 26.
Levant, the, 384.
LINOIS, at battle at Algeciras, 416;
his division in second attack, 419.
Lisbon, 350.
_Louisa_, ship, 60, 61, 64.
LOUIS XVI., treats Saumarez with attention, 398, 399.
LOWTHER, Miss, betrothed of Gen. Wolfe, 326.
Madras, French conquest of, 103;
yielded in exchange for Louisburg, 103.
_Magnanime_, ship, 262; 272; 273.
Malaga, movements of Rooke off, 15;
battle, 69, 70; 156.
Malta, Nelson receives news of surrender of, to the French, 403.
Manila, loss of, embitters Spain, 171.
MANN, Admiral, discouragement of, 348;
calls council of officers, 348;
returns to England, 348;
deprived of command, 348;
Jervis's criticism of, 349;
Nelson's criticism of, 349;
effect on fleet of defection of, 350.
Mantua, blockaded, 346.
Marengo, 413.
_Marlborough_, frigate, 41; 42; 57;
mutinies on, 362-367.
Marseilles, 430.
MARTIN, Sir Byam, records anecdote of Lord Howe, 250.
Martinique, Rodney operates against, 158;
captured by British, 158; 165; 236; 245; 393.
MARRYATT, Capt, _Peter Simple_ quoted, 95, 96;
source of sea picture in his _The King's Own_, 458.
MATHEWS, Admiral, off Toulon in 1774, 5;
description of engagement, 21, 22, 41, 42, 43;
courtmartial of, 27, 28;
author's criticism of, 45, 56.
Mediterranean, fighting begins in, 1759, 133;
Nelson returns from cruise in, 351, 352; 400; 411;
British expedition enters, 413;
Pellew cruises in, 430;
Pellew is appointed Commander-in-chief in, 460; 461.
MILLBANK, Admiral, 297.
Minorca, Byng's incompetency at, 5, 20;
affair at, reviewed, 47-63;
French send a fleet against, 104;
French fleet lands at, 104; 156; 367.
Mona Passage, 244.
MONCTON, General, his reluctance to move, 161;
sends troops to Jamaica, 166.
MONK, commands in Four Days Battle, 11.
_Montague_, ship, 312; 313.
MONTGOMERY, fall of, 432.
MOREAU, French general, 347.
Moultrie, Fort, attack of British fleet on, 386.
Mutiny, in British navy, 1797, 358, 359;
on ship _Marlborough_, 363.
NAPLES, Kingdom of, Napoleon designs to occupy, 413; 463.
NAPOLEON BONAPARTE, contemporary of Jervis, 346;
before Mantua, 347; 402; 403; 411;
practically absolute ruler of Europe, 412;
designs to occupy Portugal and Kingdom of Naples, 413;
threatens Saumarez's flank, 414;
concentrates Spanish and French navies at Cadiz, 414;
agreement of, with Czar, at Tilsit, 421;
breach of, with Russia, 422;
forces Sweden to declaration of war, 422; 454;
decline of, coincides with Pellew's advance, 461.
Narragansett Bay, 210;
D'Estaing's fleet at, 281; 387.
Naval Warfare, in 18th century, 3, _et seq._;
Hawke and Rodney identified with, 4;
advance in, shown by two great failures, 5;
waged with vessels moved by oars, 7;
such method more reliable than by sail, 7;
its scene long in the Mediterranean, 8;
introduction of cannon in, 8;
a period of systematization sets in, 9;
period of transition in, 12;
Tourville's influence on, 14;
peace of Utrecht closed transitional period in, 68;
Napoleon's influence on, 68, 69;
conditions of, in 18th century, 74, 75;
advance of, in 19th century.
Navy, French, its movements at Quiberon Bay, 125;
attempts to concentrate at Brest, 126;
vanquished by Hawke, 141;
concentrated at Cadiz, 414.
Navy of Great Britain, in 1739, 69;
permitted to decline, 100.
Navy of U.S., in 1812, 69.
NELSON, Admiral, his remarkable order at Trafalgar, alluded to, 7;
on true way of fighting, 30;
on the comparative value of prize money, 88; 146;
appointed to command a ship by Howe, 298;
letter of, to his brother, 298;
opinion of, of Jervis's Mediterranean fleet, 330;
remark of, concerning Hood, 335;
criticises movements of British fleet, 1795, 346;
his criticism of Admiral Mann, 349;
return from mission up Mediterranean, 351, 352;
at battle off Cape St. Vincent, 355;
receives Spanish surrender, 355, 356;
approves sentence of seamen of ship _St. George_, 361; 362;
contrasted with Jervis, Earl St Vincent, 378, 379;
esteem of, for Jervis, 379;
credit due to, for victory of the Nile, 379;
contrasted with Saumarez, 383; 401; 402;
his lack of personal sympathy with Saumarez, 407;
Saumarez's unfortunate remark to, 407;
at battle of the Nile, 407-409; 410;
Baltic league shattered by, 413;
eulogizes Saumarez in House of Lords, 421;
seamanship of, contrasted with that of Pellew, 446;
anecdote of, 446;
mentions incident
of Algerine policy, 462, 463;
denounces Algerine piracy, 463;
Israel Pellew with, at Trafalgar, 476.
Nevis, island, 394.
Newport, D'Estaing enters harbor of, 281.
Nile, battle of, 362;
Admiral Howe's estimate of, 379;
credit due to Admiral Lord St. Vincent for, 379, 380;
Saumarez cruises in, 384; 403;
description of battle of, 405-408;
Saumarez wounded at, 409.
Nore, threatening mutinies of, 454.
NORRIS, Captain, absconds to avoid trial, 37.
_Nymphe_, frigate, Pellew in command of, 447; 448;
fight of, with _Cléopâtre_, 448, 449.
_Orient_, ship, Nelson's coffin made from mainmast of, 353;
blows up, 407.
_Orion_, ship, Saumarez appointed to command, 400; 401; 406; 409; 410.
PALLISER, Vice-Admiral, accused of betrayal of his chief, 182;
twelve admirals memorialize the king against, 182.
Paris, Rodney settles in, 175.
PARKER, Admiral, Rodney writes to, 225.
PARKER, Commodore Sir Peter, 385.
Passaro, Cape, Battle of, 69.
_Pégase_, ship, 331.
PELLEW, Admiral, asks for courtmartial upon a mutiny, 367; 368; 389; 428;
of Norman extraction, 428;
early orthography of name, 428;
settlement of family in England, 429;
father of, 429;
fearlessness of, at school, 429;
goes afloat, 430;
sides with a companion in a quarrel and leaves the ship, 430;
intimacy of, with Captain Pownoll, 431;
brought in contact with American revolution, 431;
at reception of Burgoyne on ship _Blonde_, 431;
saves a sailor from drowning, 431;
exuberant vitality of, 431;
anecdote of recklessness of, 431;
anecdote of accident to, 435;
second officer of _Carleton_, 437;
in battle of Lake Champlain, 436, 437;
by loss of superiors left in command, 438;
gallantry of, in contest, 438;
is commended by Douglas, Lord Howe and the Admiralty, 440;
is promised promotion, 440;
gives chase to Arnold, 441;
lands at Crown Point, 441;
accompanies Burgoyne, 442;
returns to England, 442;
promoted to a lieutenancy, 442;
serves under Capt. Pownoll, 442;
lieutenant of frigate _Apollo_, 442;
meets French frigate _Stanislas_, 442;
action with, 442;
succeeds to command at death of Pownoll, 442;
grief of, for death of Pownoll, 443;
gains promotion, 443;
destroys French privateers, 443;
wins grade of post-captain, 443;
in time of peace tries farming, 443;
commands frigate on Newfoundland Station, 444;
personal activity of, 444;
anecdotes of, 444, 445;
his knowledge of seamanship, 446; 447;
in command of _Nymphe_, 447;
at fight between _Nymphe_ and _Cléopâtre_, 448, 449;
Lord Howe commends, 450;
opposes French privateers, 451, 452;
directs rescue of troops, passengers, and crew of ship _Dutton_, 452-454;
stationed off Brest, 454;
discouraged appointment of Roman Catholic chaplains, 455;
opposes enfranchisement of Roman Catholics, 455;
follows French expedition against Ireland, 455, 456;
sails for Falmouth, 456;
fights _Indefatigable_ and _Amazon_ against _Droits de l'Homme_, 456-458;
narrow escape of, from shipwreck, 458;
great personal endurance of, illustrated, 459;
eminent qualities of, 459;
holds command in India, 459, 460;
appointed commander-in-chief in Mediterranean, 460;
made a rear-admiral, 460;
assigned to East India station, 460;
Mediterranean command of, coincides with Bonaparte's falling
fortunes, 461;
created Baron Exmouth, 462;
visits Barbary ports, 462;
compels release of slaves, 462;
demands peace for Sardinia, 463;
arranges with Tunis and Tripoli for treatment of captives, 463;
Algiers refuses concession to, regarding treatment of captives, 464;
demands release of all Christian slaves in Algiers, 464;
despatches cruiser to Algiers, 466;
instructions of, to Capt. Charles Warde, 466;
asks for small force against Algiers, 467;
preparations of, against Algiers, 468;
sails for Algiers, 468;
joins Dutch fleet at Gibraltar, 468;
arrives at Algiers Bay, 468;
serves demands on Dey of Algiers, 468;
receives no answer, 468;
opens battle, 469, 470;
is slightly wounded, 473;
receives submission of Dey, 473;
frees Algerian, Tunisian, and Tripolitan slaves, 474;
returns to England, 474;
close of career of, 475;
later days of, 475, 476;
religious nature of, 476;
death of, 476;
rank of, at death 476.
PELLEW, Israel, bravery of, in fight between _Nymphe_
and _Cléopâtre_, 448, 449;
promoted to post-captain, 451; 476.
Penmarcks, rocks, 458.
PENN, Sir William, his criticism of Four Days Battle, 12.
PERRY, Commander, 436.
_Peuple Souverain_, ship, 406.
Philadelphia, evacuation of, 284.
PITT, William, defends Admiral Byng, 105;
his dislike of Hawke, 106;
his military purpose, 110;
proposed series of descents on French coast, 110;
his impetuosity a spur to laggards, 113;
his energy felt in civil administration, 114;
blames military and naval leaders, 115;
his injustice meets rebuke, 116;
profits by Hawke's suggestions, 117;
leaves Hawke a commodore, 144;
succeeded by Lord St. Vincent in Admiralty, 380.
Plattsburg, 436.
Plymouth, ship _Dutton_ driven ashore at, 452.
POCOCK, Admiral, 164; 165.
_Poder_, ship, 41, 42, 43, 86.
Point Judith, 281.
_Pompée_, ship, dismasted at Algeciras, 416;
withdraws under tow, 417; 418.
_Porcupine_, sloop-of-war, 326.
_Portland_, ship, 80.
Port Mahon, surrendered, 105; 156; 367.
Porto Rico, 244.
Portugal, Napoleon designs to occupy, 413; 414.
POWNOLL, Captain, intimacy of, with Pellew, 431;
commands frigate _Apollo_, 442;
death of, 442.
_Prince_, ship, 365.
_Prince William_, ship, 188.