[Read Dec. 21, 1758.]
AS a curiosity for your esteemed friend Mr. Theobald, the Captain
will deliver you two fishes, intirely singular here, and never before
observed amongst us. The one is of the shell kind, and changed its
figure so often, that it was difficult to make a drawing. However I
got a young man to take it in two different positions, and have sent
the drawings with the fish. _See_ TAB. XXXV.
The small one may be called the sea-batt; and in some sort resembles
that species of animals when it is swimming.
_Additional Remark by_ Charles Morton, _M.D. F.R.S._
The Patella, or Limpet Fish, whose generic characters, as enumerated
by Bishop Wilkins, are, that it is an exanguious testaceous animal,
not turbinated; an univalve, or having but one shell; being unmoved;
sticking fast to rocks or other things; the convexity of whose shell
doth somewhat resemble a short obtuse-angled cone, having no hole on
the top.
CXVI. _A Discourse on the_ Cinnamon, Cassia, _or_ Canella. _By_ Taylor
White, _Esquire, F.R.S._
[Read Dec. 21, 1758.]
THE Cinnamon, Cassia, or Canella, are shrubs of no great height: they
grow in Ceylon, Malabar, Java, Sumatra, and other places in the East
Indies; as I think, in the island of St. Thomas, and on the coast of
Coromandel.
They are described by Mr. Ray, in his _History of Plants_, vol. ii. f.
1559. under the title _de Arboribus Pruniferis_.
[Illustration: _Philos. Trans. Vol. L._ TAB. XXXVI. _p. 860_.
_J. Mynde. sc._]
Linnæus, in his _Species Plantarum_, places them under the title
_Enneandria Monogynia_, by the name Laurus.
The leaf, flower, and fruit, of this plant, are particularly described
by Mr. Ray.
The leaf is smooth and shining; has one large vein running thro’ the
midst, and a remarkable one on each side; the middle one generally
running near the length of the leaf.
The leaves differ in shape, some being more acute, others more oval or
obtuse.
The flowers grow in an umbel, somewhat like the Laurus Tinus; but they
are small, consisting of one petal, of a tubular form at the bottom,
and divided at the top into six segments in the form of a star.
The flowers are succeeded by berries growing out of a capsula, like
acorns in shape; which berries contain a shining seed.
The description of Mr. Ray of the flower, in his description of the
Cinnamon of Malabar, is extremely accurate; as is also the figure in
the _Hortus Malabaricus_, Nº. 54. and the description, fol. 107. under
the name Carua. I shall therefore refer to those.
I shall not trouble you with the question debated by Mr. Ray, whether
the Cinnamon and Cassia of the ancients were, or were not, the same
with those so called by the moderns? whether the Cinnamon of the
ancients was the twigs of the tree bearing cloves, or any plant now
unknown to us? Mr. Ray has largely treated on this subject; and to him
I refer such as are curious to be informed on this subject.
But as the Cinnamon and Cassia of the ancients are said to have been
used as perfumes, and to make perfumed ointments, I think they must
have differed from ours, whose smell is not very fragrant, nor is
emitted to any great distance.
The matter of the present inquiry is, whether the Cinnamon of Ceylon
is the same sort of plant with that growing in Malabar, Sumatra, _&c._
differing only by the soil or climate, in which it grows, which is the
opinion of Garcias; or from the culture or manner of curing the plant,
as I am inclined to believe; or whether it is really a different genus
or species of plant, as many people believe, and some botanical writers
seem to indicate.
I shall endeavour to explain this matter by producing, 1st, The
descriptions of the most celebrated authors:
2dly, By producing the most accurate figures of the plants of Sumatra
and Ceylon: [_See Tab._ xxxvi.]
3dly, By shewing the specimen of the leaves and branches brought from
Sumatra.
I have no specimen from Ceylon; but have carefully examined the
specimens kept in the British Museum, with the assistance of Dr. Maty
and Mr. Empson, and compared them with the specimens I have from
Sumatra; from whence I traced exactly the figures brought herewith:
which specimens are undoubtedly brought from Ceylon, and were the
collections of Boerhaave, Courteen, Plukenet, and Petiver.
But, previous to this inquiry, I would premise, that the writers, who
give the description of the Cinnamon of Ceylon, were probably not
acquainted with that of Malabar at the time of their publishing their
works.
Mr. Ray also, who so accurately describes the flower of the Cinnamon
of Malabar, seems not so well acquainted with its fruit; and probably
had then never seen the specimens of the Cinnamon from Ceylon; for his
description is plainly borrowed from others, and not his own. Tho’ I
have reason to think he afterwards saw the specimens of Mr. Courteen,
and was convinced, that the plants were the same.
In his description of the Cinnamon of Ceylon, he supposes differences
in the manner of veining the leaf, which are not found in the leaves
themselves. He supposes, that the Cinnamon of Ceylon differs from
that of Malabar by its berries growing in cups like acorns; which
is apparently the same in both, as may be seen in its figure in the
_Hortus Malabaricus_.
The other differences taken notice of by the botanic writers are as
follow:
In the _Flora Zeylanica_, p. 545. and in the _Materia Medica_, 190. the
Cinnamon of Ceylon is called _Laurus foliis trinerviis ovato-oblongis
nervis unientibus_: which description is adhered to in the _Hortus
Cliffordiensis_, p. 154. under the name _Laurus foliis oblongo-ovatis
nitidis planis_. And Burman, in his _Flora Zeylanica_, 62. T. 27. calls
it _Cinamomum foliis latis ovatis_. Whereas the Cassia of Sumatra is
distinguished by these writers: that in _Flora Zeyl._ 146. and in
_Materia Medica_, 191. is called _Laurus foliis trinerviis lanceolatis
nervis supra basin unitis_: and Burman, _Zeylan._ 63. T. 28. calls it
_Cinamomum perpetuo florens folio tenuiore acuto_.
The distinction therefore, which these writers would make us believe
there is between these plants, consists in the leaves of the one being
oval, the other sharp-pointed; and that the nerves are limited at the
bottom in the Cinnamon, but not so in the Cassia: for as to the _semper
florens_, mentioned by Burman, that must undoubtedly be common to both.
Now as to the different shape of the leaves, we know how often this
happens by seminal varieties, and from the age of plants, as in the
leaves of holly and ivy; and that even the shapes of leaves vary
greatly on the very same plant, and sometimes on the same branch; as in
the ash, and many other plants, the leaves of the young shoots are more
oval than those on the old boughs, which are generally more pointed.
But this variety is much more frequent in the plants of warm countries.
In the sassafras, part of the leaves generally near the bottom of the
plant are plain, whilst the other leaves are divided into three lobes
or segments. I have observed great difference also in the leaves of
almost every one of the American oaks.
In the Virginian cedar, the berries of the same plant produce some
plants with juniper leaves, and others with leaves like the savin; and
some plants with both leaves growing on the same plant.
I must observe that Burman has, in his figures of the two plants before
mentioned, made them extremely different. In that of Ceylon he has made
all the leaves oval; and, to make the difference greater, has drawn the
rudiments of the berries; to which he has added the flower, or part of
it, at the top of the style or rudiment of the fruit: and in that of
Malabar he has drawn the flower growing in the umbel.
On these drawings I must observe, that his drawing of the Cinnamon of
Ceylon agrees with no one specimen in the British Museum; and scarcely
is one leaf to be found of the shape, which he gives.
The first figure, which I shall produce, is a drawing which I procured
from the ingenious Mr. Ehret in the year 1754: which, as I am informed
by Mr. Empson, was from a specimen, given to Mr. Ehret by him in that
year, of the Cinnamon of Ceylon. _See Fig._ 1.
This agrees in every thing with the drawing of the Cinnamon of Malabar
in the _Hort. Malab._ fig. 54. fol. 107. and there called Carua; except
that it wants the fruit: but that defect is supplied by Mr. Ray’s
description of the Cinnamon of Ceylon above mentioned. _See fig. of the
fruit, Fig._ 2.
In the figure in the _Hort. Malabar._ it may be observed, that the
nerves do not go quite to the bottom of the leaf. But this is merely
accidental, as will appear by the leaves of the same plant brought from
Sumatra, which I shall produce; in which, part of the leaves have veins
going quite to the bottom, and united there, and the others not so.
_See Fig._ 3.
The next drawing I shall produce contains that of the leaves of the
Cinnamon plant, from specimens in the British Museum.
_Fig._ 4. A specimen, with the flower, from the collection of
Mr. Courteen, who lived long in Ceylon. These leaves were more
pointed, but were broke at the end.
_Fig._ 5. A whole leaf, with its point, in the same collection,
growing on a branch, on which are the rudiments of the fruit.
_Fig._ 6. A leaf in Plukenet’s specimens.
_Fig._ 7. Another leaf of the same collection, and of the same
plant.
_Fig._ 8. A leaf of a large specimen from Boerhaave’s collection.
_Fig._ 9. Another leaf on the same branch.
_Fig._ 10. A specimen from Petiver’s collection. The points of the
leaves are broken off.
_Fig._ 11. The flower of the first specimen.
_Fig._ 12. In the rudiment of the seed before formed, in the state
given in Burman’s first drawing.
_Note_, It is to be observed also, that the specimens of the
Cinnamon of Ceylon are probably of cultivated plants.
From all these specimens it plainly appears, that the distinction of
_foliis ovatis & lanceolatis_ does not appear well founded.
But were it otherwise, and that the leaves of the plants differed, it
would by no means be a proof of any material difference in the nature
or quality of the plants; as is well known to persons conversant in
natural history.
Before I leave this subject of the description of the plant, it may
be proper to mention, that Bauhin calls the one of these plants
_Cinnamomum_ or _Canella Malabarica & Javanensis_, and the other
_Cinnamomum Canella Zeylanica_, Bauhin. _pinax_ 408 and 409; but
neither from these names, nor from his description, can any conclusive
argument be formed: and that Herman, in his _Hort. Lugd. Batav._ 129.
t. 1655. calls this Cinnamon of Ceylon _Cassia Cinnamonia_.
If any conjecture can arise from hence, it may be, that the Cinnamon of
Ceylon was formerly, as well as that of Sumatra and Malabar, called
Cassia; but that the Dutch writers, being acquainted with the excellent
qualities, which the ancients ascribed to their Cinnamon, chose to
add the name Cinnamon to that of Cassia: and in process of time they
have found the name of Cinnamon more profitable than that of Cassia,
by which we chuse to call our Canella, to our national loss of many
thousands a year.
Having now given an account of the figure of these plants, and in what
respect they are said herein to differ; I shall proceed to consider the
pretended differences in the Canella itself; which are supposed not
to be in form only, but substantial and material; and are generally
understood to be so by persons supposed to be acquainted with the
subject.
Mr. Ray states this matter fully in his _Hist. Plant._ vol. ii. p.
1560. in these words: _Officinæ nostræ Cassiam ligneam a Cinnamomo seu
Canella distinctam faciunt, Cassiam Cinnamomo crassiorem plerumque
esse, colore rubicundiorem, substantiâ duriorem, solidiorem &
compactiorem, gustu magis glutinoso, odore quidem & sapore Cinnamomum
aptius referre, tamen Cinnamomo imbecilliorum & minus vegetam esse, ex
accurata observatione Tho. Johnson._
From these reasons Mr. Ray draws a conclusion (I must own not very
instructive), that the Cinnamon of Ceylon is Cinnamon; and the Cinnamon
of Malabar, &c. is the Cassia of the shops.
From the specimens I shall now produce, it will most plainly appear,
that these differences are merely accidents arising from the age of the
Canella, the part of the tree from whence it is gathered, and from the
manner of cultivating and curing it.
In the _Philosoph. Transact._ Nº. 278. p. 1099. in Mr. Strachan’s
account of Ceylon, which is abridged by Eames and Martyn, vol. ii. p.
183. he says, that there are two sorts of Cinnamon-trees, of which the
tree, which is esteemed the best, has a leaf much larger and thicker
than the other; but otherwise no difference is to be perceived.
_Note_, Here is no mention of the _folio ovato_.
I remember, in an account given some years ago to the Royal Society,
three or four sorts were mentioned; and it was said the best sort was
cut every three or four years.
This superiority I then guessed (as well as the difference of leaves
mentioned by Mr. Strachan) to arise from the cutting the tree down
every three or four years; which occasioned it to produce strong and
vigorous shoots, thicker and larger leaves, as well as greater quantity
of bark, and of a superior quality.
A large shoot or sucker of this plant was produced in the year 1750. or
51. by my worthy friend Dr. William Watson, together with an account
of the Cinnamon-tree; which is published in the _Philosoph. Transact._
vol. xlvii. p. 301. This shoot was a plain proof to me, that the
Cinnamon was frequently cut down, and that this shoot arose from the
root of a plant so cut; for it was of the size of a walking-cane; and
no shrub could have produced such a shoot, unless a strong plant cut
down.
This method of treating this plant accounts for the mistake of Garcias,
mentioned by Mr. Ray; _viz. Quæ Garcias habet de duplice hujus arboris
cortice ad modum suberis, nobis suspecta sunt, quæque de deliberatione
semel triennio facta; non enim puto renascitur cortex semel detractus._
This shews, that the bark was gathered every three years: but Mr. Ray
was not acquainted, that the plant was cut down, in order to take off
the bark, once in three years.
In the account above mentioned to be given to the Society by Dr.
Watson, no descriptions are given either of the plants of Ceylon, or
Malabar; but he quotes Burman, who says, that he had nine different
sorts of Cinnamon from Ceylon, of which that, which is the best, is
brought to us, and called by the name _Rasse Coronde_.
What the differences between these sorts were, does not appear; whether
in leaf or bark, or manner of culture. And I must observe, that in
all the specimens in the British Museum I could observe no difference
of species. But this is to be understood, that every sort coming from
Ceylon is, by the Dutch and by the shops, called Cinnamon; and that of
our own growth is by them always called Cassia. The reason is obvious.
The specimens, which I now produce, of the Canella or bark of the
Cinnamon of Sumatra, I procured in the year 1755. from Mr. Tho. Combes,
a gentleman then in the service of the East India Company in Sumatra,
by means of a friend.
I was then attempting to form a society for the carrying on a General
Natural History, to try proper experiments, and to employ proper
painters and engravers suitable to the importance of the subject; and
therefore attempted to establish a correspondence in those parts, whose
productions are as yet little known to the public.
I mention this design, because it would not be possible else to explain
what Mr. Combes means by the word _Society_, which he so often mentions
in his letter; of which I shall produce an extract, so far as it
relates to the present inquiry.
It seemed to me very improbable (as the same plants are generally found
in the same latitude and soil), that the spices now in the possession
of the Dutch should grow only in that small tract of land, which is in
their possession. And I had many credible informations, that, whatever
they may pretend to the contrary, this is only a pretence.
I therefore desired to obtain the best information of the nature and
culture of the plants producing spices, as well as of many other
things, which are foreign from this inquiry.
I desired to know, how the spices were dried and cured; and that
different specimens might be sent me of the plants, their seed, flower,
leaf, and bark, and properly cured and prepared.
This produced the answer I lay before you herewith, together with the
specimens now produced.
You see hereby, that the Dutch dry their Cinnamon in sand; probably to
take away that viscosity, which is complained of in the Cassia.
And you will observe also, that the specimen produced dried and cured
is also as free from any viscosity, as the Cinnamon of Ceylon: That it
agrees also with the Cinnamon in every other quality, and in colour;
and that none of the distinctions mentioned by Mr. Ray can be found
herein; but that they may arise from the part of the tree, from whence
the bark was taken; the inner bark of the large wood being red, as you
see by the other specimen produced. And the common Cassia taken from
the larger branches, and not cured, has the viscosity complained of
in some degree, tho’ much less than it had four years since, when I
received it.
Mr. Ray says, that one is weaker in taste, as he supposes, than the
other. That may be so from its manner of drying, or keeping of it.
Dried in large quantities, and by a stronger heat, it will probably be
stronger, than if it is dried in a lesser quantity, and slower.
As for the viscosity, the glutinous part is found in every plant in
some degree, as well as in every animal. It preserves the parts from
moisture; but will be consumed by heat or time; and it will be a
preservative to the plant, till it is destroyed; which was the reason,
as I suppose, that Mr. Ray mentions Cassia to have kept good thirty
years, the viscosity not having been destroyed by drying.
I suppose the reason, which the Dutch have to dry it, is to make it
sooner fit for the market, and possibly fitter for distillation.
You will see from Mr. Combes’s letters and specimens, that he thinks
there may be two sorts of Cassia or Cinnamon in Sumatra: possibly there
may be the same difference in Ceylon; but, if so, I suspect them both
to be only seminal varieties, and that their virtues are the same.
Mr. Barlow, some time since a Surgeon in the service of the India
company, made a considerable quantity of oil of the Cassia of Sumatra,
which was very little, if any thing, inferior to that drawn from
Cinnamon; and it was sold to great profit.
If these plants are really the same, or if they are of equal goodness,
supposing there was a small difference in the form of the leaf, it
might be well worth the attention of the East India company to try to
cultivate these plants in the manner they do in Ceylon; that is, to
make plantations in a proper soil; and to have regard to the proper
distance from the sea of the place, where they try the experiment: for
some plants require to be near the sea, and others far from it, in
Sumatra; which is the case of the Mango, and Mangosteen; the one of
which must be near the sea, the other at a distance from it.
I think the plants should be suffered to grow strong, to be six or
seven years old, and then cut every three years, the bark peel’d off
and dried in hot sand, and packed close and kept dry. This I take to be
all necessary to be done, to try, if our Cinnamon will not produce as
good a price as that of the Dutch.
Perhaps the plants need not stand so long before cut; for the
vegetation of plants in hot countries is very great.
There are many other most valuable vegetables in Sumatra, which might
be made staple commodities, as sagoe, camphire, several sorts of
ginger, rice, and many other, which are foreign to the present inquiry.
But it may not be amiss to recommend it to the traders to Sumatra to
bring some quantity of the twig-bark of the true Cassia, well cured;
and also to the company, to have a chemist at Sumatra, to extract
carefully the oil of Cassia; which is best, and in greatest quantities,
produced from the bark of the body, and of the larger branches of
the tree: and also that the company would procure an exemption of
all customs or duties on Cassia, or on the oil of Cassia, for some
time: and also that the college of physicians in their dispensatory
would direct Cassia or Cinnamon of Malabar or Sumatra to be used,
instead of the Cinnamon of Ceylon; and that the same should be used by
apothecaries and distillers, and in all simple and compound waters, in
which Cinnamon is used.
_Extract of a Letter from Mr._ THOMAS COMBES, _dated_ Fort Marlborough,
5 Jan. 1755.
IN regard to the first article of your paper, now before me, which is
the inquiry desired to be made concerning the spices, I am of opinion,
that the true Cinnamon grows no-where but on the island of Ceylon,
unless Cassia be allowed to be the same tree, which I am inclined to
think.
Nº. 9. contains seeds of the Cassia or wild Cinnamon-tree. As for the
seeds of the true Cinnamon-tree, I believe they are very difficult to
be got; for as the Dutch are the sole masters of this spice, and get
a good deal of money by it, I fancy, according to their usual custom,
they have very well guarded against the transplantation of it. I hope
however, that these seeds will not be unacceptable to the society, as
Cassia itself is of some value; and as I am very doubtful, whether this
tree is not the same with the true Cinnamon, being of opinion, that the
difference observed in them arises from the different method of curing
their barks, or from the taking the bark from different parts of the
tree, or at different seasons, or of different ages, or perhaps all
these.
I have made inquiry concerning this from some very intelligent persons,
and found them to be of opinion, that the Cassia and Cinnamon-tree
were of the same genus. I have inquired further concerning the method
of curing it at Ceylon; but as this is done by the natives, the Dutch
are not very well acquainted with it; nor could I obtain any good
account of it, different people giving me different relations. Some
said, it was the inner bark, some the middle, and some the outer; tho’
of the young branches, they seemed in general to agree, that it was
gathered at a certain season of the year, and that one part of the cure
was burying it in sand for some time. This may be tried with Cassia,
and may perhaps take away that viscosity or glutinous quality observed
by chewing it, and which is the principal mark for distinguishing it
from Cinnamon. As to their chemical oils, I have heard many people say,
that they are not distinguishable otherwise, than that from Cinnamon
is generally better, or, as it may be called, stronger, than that from
Cassia; and accordingly bears a better price. But the Dutch company’s
chemist at Batavia, if I may give him this title, informed me, that
they are essentially different, and plainly distinguishable. But I
must confess myself very doubtful of the knowlege or veracity of this
chemist, and strongly suspect, that they are no otherwise different
than in goodness, as many other oils drawn from the same subject are.
I observe the price of Cassia is greatly risen in England within these
two or three years; but whether this be owing to an increase in the
consumption, or a decrease in the importation of this commodity, I
cannot say.
The Dutch government of Batavia has this year, in some new regulations
of their trade, prohibited to all persons the dealing in any of the
fine quilled sort of Cassia, and declared the same to be contraband,
and reserved for their company only; and put it upon the same footing
as their Cinnamon.
What reasons induced them to this, I am yet a stranger to; but it makes
me suspect, that the rise of this commodity in Europe is owing to some
other cause than a deficiency in the importation thereof. Perhaps some
discovery has been made rendering Cassia equal to Cinnamon.
In Persia, I think, they make not so great a difference between them
as elsewhere; and I myself, for want of Cinnamon here for some months
past, made use of the fine quilled Cassia; and the difference I observe
between them I imagine to arise rather from the greenness and want of
dryness in the Cassia, than any thing else, or perhaps from the method
of curing it: for if there happens to be a little too much Cassia put
into my chocolate (and other things I use in it), a little bitterish
taste arises, something like what we meet with in most barks; tho’ I do
not remember to have observed this of Cinnamon: but as to its boiling
to a jelly, as Quincy mentions, I find no such thing, and think it
bears boiling as well as Cinnamon. Nor do I think its distilled water
more subject to an empyreuma than that of Cinnamon.
I have inquired of the country people here, who bring it us, and they
tell me the finest sort is the inner bark of the small branches; and
indeed that it is the inner bark, I think, is evident in Cinnamon as
well as Cassia; no outer bark of the youngest branches of any tree
having, in my opinion, that smooth surface observable in both these
barks.
I once thought, that it was better to take the bark from the body of
the tree than from the branches, imagining that the bark from the trunk
or body of all trees must in general be stronger, let its natural
taste be what it will, than from its branches. This I find to be so
in Cassia; and I have been informed, that the large ligneous pieces
of Cassia have afforded rather more oil in distillation than the fine
quilled sort, their weight being equal; but upon trial I could not make
the bark from the trunk curl or roll up, as it ought to do, owing, as I
suppose, to my unskilfulness, or to rigidity, or the natural position
of its fibres; for the bark of the younger branches curled of itself,
wanting hardly any other assistance than the sun.
I have already observed, that Cassia is found in chewing to have a
viscidness, which Cinnamon has not. I have endeavoured to remove this
in a little I send you, marked B: pray let me know, if it answers; and
be assured, it was taken from the younger branches of the tree, of
which I send you the seeds.
I send you also, marked C, some of the bark taken from the same tree;
as also some of the leaves, marked D.
I have sent you also a little of the bark of the trunk of a tree,
which, tho’ called Cassia, seems not to be so, marked E; and also the
leaves of the same tree, marked F.
END _of the_ FIFTIETH VOLUME.
AN
INDEX
TO THE
FIFTIETH VOLUME
OF THE
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS,
For the YEARS 1757 and 1758.
A
_AIR_, Remarks on the heat of it in July 1757, by Dr. J. Huxham; with
some additional ones by Dr. W. Watson, page 428.
---- ---- on its different temperature at Edystone from that observed
at Plymouth, between July 7 and 14, 1757, p. 488.
_Akenside_, Mark, M. D. his observations on the origin and use of the
lymphatic vessels in animals, p. 322.
_Alga Marina latifolia_, observations on it, p. 631.
_Allegator_, the fossil bones of one, found on the sea-shore near
Whitby, p. 688.
_America_, North, account of an earthquake felt in it Nov. 18. 1755. p.
1.
_American_ Sea Sun-Crown, observations on it, p. 843.
_Antiquities_, accounts of the late discoveries of some at Herculaneum,
p. 49. 88. 619.
_Aneurism_, remarkable case of one in the principal artery of the
thigh, p. 363.
_Apple_, the Manchenille, singular observations upon it, p. 772.
_Arderon_, Mr. William, abstract of a letter on giving magnetism and
polarity to brass, p. 774.
_Assize_, the Black, at Oxford, account of it, p. 699.
B
_Baker_, Mr. Henry, his account of the Opuntia, or Prickly Pear, and of
the Indigo plant, in colouring the juices of living animals, p. 296.
---- ---- ---- ---- of the Sea Polypus, p. 777.
_Bark_, remarkable case of its efficacy in a mortification, p. 379.
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- in the delirium of a fever, p. 609.
_Barnacles_, an account of several rare species, p. 845.
_Baster_, Job. observationes de corallinis, iisque insidentibus
Polypis, aliisque animalculis marinis, p. 258.
_Bladder_, human urinary, four rough stones extracted from it by the
lateral method of cutting for the stone, p. 579.
_Blisters_, remarkable effects of them in lessening the quickness of
the pulse in coughs attended with infarction of the lungs, p. 569.
_Bones_, some fossil ones of an allegator, found on the sea-shore near
Whitby, p. 688.
_Borlase_, Rev. Mr. Wm. his account of some trees discovered
under-ground on the sea-shore at Mount’s-Bay in Cornwall, p. 51.
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- of an earthquake in the west parts of
Cornwall, July 15. 1757, p. 499.
_Bradley_, James, D. D. his observations on the comet of Sept. and Oct.
1757, p. 408.
_Brakenridge_, Rev. Wm. D. D. his answer to the Rev. Mr. Forster’s
letter concerning the numbers and increase of the people of England, p.
465.
_Brass_, abstract of a letter on giving magnetism and polarity to it,
p. 774.
_Bridges_, concerning the fall of water under them, p. 492.
_Brydone_, Mr. Patrick, his account of a paralytic patient cured by
electricity, p. 392.
_Burrow_, James, Esq; his account of an earthquake felt at Linfield in
Surrey, and at Edenbridge in Kent, Jan. 24. 1758, p. 614.
C
_Carlsbad_ mineral waters, account of them, p. 25.
---- ---- ---- their lithontriptic virtue, with lime-water and soap, p.
386.
_Case_ of Lord Horace Walpole; being a sequel to that in Phil. Trans.
vol. xlvii. p. 43 and 47,--p. 205.
_Cassia_, or _Canella_, a discourse on it, by Taylor White, Esq.; p.
860.
_Cavendish_, Lord Charles, his description of some thermometers for
particular uses, p. 300.
_Chapman_, Capt. Wm. his account of a method of distilling fresh water
from sea-water by wood-ashes, p. 635.
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- of the fossil bones of an allegator found on
the sea-shore near Whitby in Yorkshire, p. 688.
_Characters_, Phœnician Numeral, antiently used at Sidon, dissertation
upon them, p. 791.
_Charts_ and Maps, a short dissertation on them, p. 563.
_Chevalier_, Joan. observatio eclipsis lunæ die 27 Martii 1755,
Olissipone habita, p. 374.
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- die 30 Julii 1757, Olissipone habita, p. 769.
---- ---- observationes eclipsium satellitum Jovis, Olissipone habitæ,
p. 377.
---- ----, &c. observationes eclipsium satellitum Jovis, anno 1757,
Olissipone habitæ, p. 378.
---- ---- et Theodor. de Almeida, observationes eclipsis lunæ die 4
Feb. ann. 1757, Olissipone habitæ, p. 376.
_Cinnamon_, a discourse on it, by Taylor White, Esq; p. 860.
_Coin_, a Parthian, with a Greek and Parthian legend, some remarks on
it, p. 175.
_Collet_, John, M. D. his letter concerning the peat-pit near Newbury
in Berkshire, p. 109.
_Comet_, observations on that of Sept. and Oct. 1757, made at the Royal
Observatory, p. 408.
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- made at the Hague, p. 438.
_Convulsive Fits_, case of a boy troubled with them, cured by the
discharge of worms, p. 518.
_Convulsions_, some extraordinary effects arising from them, p. 743.
_Coral_, Red, a very singular kind from the Indies, p. 159.
_Corallinis_ de, iisque insidentibus polypis, aliisque animalculis
marinis observationes, p. 258.
_Cornwall_, account of an earthquake in the west parts of it, July 15,
1757, p. 499.
_Corona_ Solis Marina Americana, observations on it, p. 843.
D
_Da Costa_, Emanuel Mendez, his account of the impressions of plants on
the slates of coals, p. 228.
_Darwin_, Erasmus, M.D. his remarks on the opinion of Henry Eles, Esq;
concerning the ascent of vapour, p. 240.
_Delirium_, of a fever, an extraordinary case of the efficacy of the
bark in one, p. 609.
_Diseases_, effects of electricity in the cure of some particular ones,
p. 695.
_Dodson_ and Mountaine, tables of the variation of the magnetic needle
by them, adapted to every 5 degrees of lat. and long. in the more
frequented oceans, p. 329.
_Dollond_, Mr. John, his account of some experiments concerning the
different refrangibility of light, p. 733.
_Dust_, Black, an extraordinary shower, which fell in the island of
Zetland, Oct. 20. 1755, p. 297.
E
_Earthquake_, account of one in the island of Sumatra, in the East
Indies, Nov. and Dec. 1756, p. 491.
---- ---- ---- ---- in the west parts of Cornwall, July 15, 1757, p.
499.
---- ---- ---- ---- at Lingfield in Surrey, and Edenbridge in Kent,
Jan. 24, 1758, p. 614.
---- ---- ---- ---- at Herculaneum, p. 619.
---- ---- ---- ---- in New England, and the neighbouring parts of
America, Nov. 18, 1755, p. 1.
---- ---- observations upon a very particular tho’ slight one, p. 645.
_Eclipsis_ lunaris facta Matriti, a P. Joanne Wendlingen, die 30 Julii,
1757, p. 640.
---- lunæ observatio, die 30 Julii, 1757, Olissipone habita, p. 769.
---- ---- ---- ---- die 27 Martii, 1755, Olissipone habita, p. 374.
---- ---- ---- ---- die 4 Februarii, 1757, Olissipone habita, p. 376.
_Eclipsium_ satellitum Jovis observationes, Olissipone habitæ, anno
1757, p. 378.
---- ---- ---- ---- observationes, Olissipone habitæ, p. 377.
_Edystone_, remarks on the different temperature of the air there from
that observed at Plymouth, between July 7 and 14, 1757, p. 488.
_Edenbridge_, account of an earthquake felt there, Jan. 24. 1758, p.
614.
_Edwards_, Mr. Geo. his observations on an evening, or rather
nocturnal, solar Iris, p. 293.
---- ---- ---- ---- account of a new-discovered species of snipe, or
tringa, p. 255.
_Eles_, Henry, Esq; remarks on his opinion concerning the ascent of
vapour, p. 240.
_Electricity_, the effects of it in paralytic cases, p. 481.
---- further account of its effects in curing some diseases, p. 695.
---- its virtue in the cure of a palsey, p. 392.
_Ellis_, Mr. John, his account of a red coral from the East Indies, of
a very singular kind, p. 189.
---- ---- ---- remarks on Dr. Job. Baster’s observationes de
corallinis, &c. p. 280.
---- ---- ---- answer to the remarks upon his letter to Philip Carteret
Webb, Esq; p. 441.
---- ---- ---- account of several rare species of Barnacles, p. 845.
----, Henry, Esq; his account of the heat of the weather in Georgia, p.
754.
_Equator_, Terrestrial, resolution of a general proposition for
determining the horary alteration of the position of it, p. 416.
_Eye_, diseased, an extraordinary case of one, p. 747.
F
_Fauquier_, Francis, Esq; his account of an extraordinary storm of hail
in Virginia, p. 746.
_Fire-Engine_, further experiments for increasing the quantity of steam
in it, p. 370.
---- ---- attempt to improve the manner of working ventilators by the
help of it, p. 727.
_Fitz-Gerald_, Keane, Esq; his further experiments for increasing the
quantity of steam in a fire-engine, p. 370.
---- ---- ---- experiments on applying Dr. Hales’s method of distilling
salt water to the steam-engine, p. 53.
---- ---- ---- concerning an attempt to improve the manner of working
ventilators by the assistance of the fire-engine, p. 727.
_Flexor_ tendon, an account of one torn out in its whole extent,
together with the first joint of the thumb, p. 617.
_Forbes_, Dr. George, his letter concerning the Patella, or
Limpet-Fish, found at Bermuda, p. 859.
_Forster_, Rev. Mr. Richard, his extract of the register of the parish
of Great Shefford, with observations, p. 356.
---- ---- ---- ---- his letter concerning the number of the people of
England, p. 457.
_Fruits_, fossil, and other bodies, account of some found in the island
of Shepey, p. 396.
G
_Gaze_, Mr. John, his account of a boy cured of convulsive fits by the
discharge of worms, p. 521.
_Gall-stones_, two extraordinary cases relating to them, p. 543.
_Gaubil_, F. his description of the plan of Peking, p. 704.
_Georgia_, account of the heat of the weather there, p. 754.
_Glass_, in windows, dissertation on the antiquity of it, p. 601.
_Gravity_, Specific, of living men, essay towards ascertaining it, p.
30.
_Grindall_, Mr. Richard, his account of the efficacy of the bark in a
mortification, p. 379.
_Guadaloupe_, Isle of, account of a visitation of the leprous persons
there, p. 38.
H
_Hague_, state of thermometer there, Jan. 9, 1757, p. 148.
---- observations there on the comet in Sept. and Oct. 1757, p. 483.
_Hail_, an extraordinary storm in Virginia, p. 746.
_Herculaneum_, accounts of the late discoveries of antiquities made
there, p. 49, 88, 619.
_Heat_ of the air, July 1757, remarks on it by Dr. Huxham and Dr.
Watson, p. 428.
---- of the weather, account of that in July 1757, by Dr. Huxham, p.
523.
---- of the weather in Georgia, account of it, p. 754.
_Hemlock Dropwort_, further account of its poisonous effects, p. 556.
_Himsel de_, Nicholai, M. D. de rariori quadam specie, in Suecia
reperta, tractatus, p. 692.
_Home_, Robert, Surgeon, his account of the flexor tendon torn out in
its whole extent, and the first joint of the thumb torn off, p. 617.
_Horned Cattle_, the usefulness of inoculation to prevent the
contagious distemper among them, p. 528.
_Huxham_, John, M. D. his remarks on the heat of the air, July 1757, p.
428.
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- on the extraordinary heat of the weather in
July 1757, p. 523.
I
_Jenty_, Nicholas, his account of a man, whose intestines, &c. all
cohered, and who after death fell under his inspection, p. 550.
_Ileum_, the gut, cut thro’ by a knife, instance of the successful
treatment of it, p. 35.
_Indigo_ plant, effects of it, and of the opuntia, or prickly pear, in
colouring the juices of living animals, p. 296.
_Inoculation_, its usefulness on horned cattle, to prevent the
contagious distemper among them, p. 528.
_Intestines_, remarkable case of the cohesions of all of them in a man,
p. 550.
_Johnstone_, James, M. D. his account of two extraordinary cases of
gall-stones, p. 543.
_Iris_, solar, observations on an evening, or rather nocturnal one, p.
293.
K
_Klinkenberg_, Mr. D. his observations upon the comet in Sept. and Oct.
1757, p. 483.
L
_Lacteals_, experiment to prove that salt of steel does not enter them,
p. 594.
_Lanreath_, effects of a storm of thunder and lightning there, June 27,
1756, p. 104.
_Layard_, Daniel Peter, M. D. his account of an extraordinary case of a
diseased eye, p. 747.
---- Daniel Peter, M. D. his discourse on the usefulness of inoculating
the horned cattle, p. 528.
_Leprous_ persons in the isle of Guadaloupe, account of a visitation of
them, p. 38.
_Lestwithiel_, in Cornwall, effects of lightning upon the church and
steeple there, p. 198.
_Lewis_, William, M. B. his experimental examination of Platina, Paper
V. and VI. p. 148, 156.
_Lichen_, memoir concerning it, p. 652.
_Light_, some experiments concerning its different refrangibility, p.
733.
_Lightning_, its effects upon the church and steeple of Lestwithiel in
Cornwall, p. 198.
_Limax_ non cochleata, observations on it, p. 585.
_Lime-water_, its lithontriptic virtue, p. 386.
_Limpet-Fish_, found at Bermuda, account of it, p. 859.
_Linnæus_, his account of the faculty called Vigiliæ Florum, with an
enumeration of several plants subject to that law, p. 506.
_Lingfield_, in Surry, account of an earthquake felt there, Jan. 24,
1758, p. 614.
_Looe_, effects of a storm of thunder and lightning there, June 27,
1756, p. 104.
M
_Maps_, Geographical, the best form of them, p. 553.
---- and Charts, a short dissertation on them, p. 563.
_Magnetism_, and Polarity, given to brass, p. 774.
_Malverne_ waters, their good effects, p. 23.
_Memoir_, an historical one on the genus of plants called Lichen,
Usnea, Coralloides, and Lichenoides, p. 652.
_Men_, living, essay towards ascertaining their specific gravity, p. 30.
_Milles_, Jeremiah, D. D. letters to him, with accounts of the effects
of thunder and lightning at Looe and Lanreath, June 27, 1756, p. 104.
---- ---- ---- his account of the Carlsbad mineral waters in Bohemia,
p. 25.
_Miller_, Mr. Philip, concerning the effects of a storm at Wigton in
Cumberland, p. 194.
---- ---- ---- his remarks on a letter of Mr. John Ellis to P. C. Webb,
Esq; printed in Phil. Trans. vol. xlix. part ii. p. 806.--p. 430.
_Mitchell_, Sir Andrew, his account of an extraordinary shower of black
dust, that fell in the Island of Zetland, Oct. 20, 1755, p. 297.
_Mixtures_, effervescent, strange effects of some, p. 19.
_Moffat_, in Annandale, a new medicinal well lately discovered there,
p. 117.
_Mortification_, remarkable efficacy of the bark in one, p. 379.
_Mount’s-Bay_, account of some trees discovered underground on the
shore there, p. 51.
_Mounsey_, James, M. D. his account of the strange effects of some
effervescent mixtures, p. 19.
_Mountaine_ and Dodson, tables of the variation of the magnetic needle
by them, adapted to every five degrees of lat. and long. in the more
frequented oceans, p. 329.
---- Wm. his dissertation on maps and charts, p. 563.
_Murdoch_, Patrick, his description of the best form of geographical
maps, p. 553.
---- ---- his trigonometry abridged, p. 538.
_Munckley_, Nich. M. D. his account of the extraordinary efficacy of
the bark in the delirium of a fever, p. 609.
N
_Needle_, magnetic, its variation, p. 329.
_New England_, account of an earthquake felt there, Nov. 18, 1755. p. 1.
_Newbury_, in Berkshire, account of the peat-pit near it, p. 109.
_Nightshade_, deadly, botanical and medical history of it, p. 62.
_Nixon_, Rev. John, A. M. his account of some of the antiquities
discovered at Herculaneum, &c. p. 88.
---- ---- ---- ---- his account of the temple of Serapis at Pozzuoli in
Naples, p. 166.
---- ---- ---- ---- his dissertation on the antiquity of glass in
windows, p. 601.
_Norfolk_ Boy, observations on the case of one, who was cured of
convulsive fits by the discharge of worms, p. 836.
_Number_ of the people of England, observations on it, p. 356, 457, 465.
O
_Observationes_ anatomico-medicæ de monstro bicorporeo virgineo, p. 311.
_Oenanthe_ aquatica succo viroso crocante of Lobel, farther account of
its poisonous effects, p. 856.
_Oil_, its efficacy, taken as a vermifuge, p. 837.
_Operation_, an extraordinary one performed in the dock-yard at
Portsmouth, p. 288.
_Opuntia_, or prickly pear, effects of it, and of the Indigo plant, in
colouring the juices of living animals, p. 296.
_Orthoceratitis_, de rariori quadam specie, in Suecia reperta,
tractatus, p. 692.
_Oram_, Rev. Richard, his account of a boy cured of convulsive fits by
the discharge of worms, p. 518.
_Oxford_, account of the black assize there, p. 699.
P
_Paderni_, Camillo, his account of the late discoveries at Herculaneum,
p. 49.
---- ---- ---- ---- of an earthquake at Herculaneum, and of some late
discoveries there, p. 619.
_Palsey_, instance of the cure of it by electricity, p. 392.
_Pantheon_, at Rome, account of the alterations making in it, p. 115.
_Parsons_, James, M. D. his account of some extraordinary tumours upon
the head of a man in St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, p. 350.
---- ---- ---- his account of fossil fruits, and other bodies, found in
the island of Shepey, p. 396.
_Paralytic_ cases, the effects of electricity in them, p. 481.
_Patella_, or Limpet-Fish, found at Bermuda, account of it, p. 859.
_Peyssonel_, John Andrew, M. D. his account of a visitation of the
leprous persons in the isle of Guadaloupe, p. 38.
---- ---- ---- ---- his observations on the worms that form sponges, p.
590.
---- ---- ---- ---- observations on the Limax non cochleata purpur
ferens, p. 585.
---- ---- ---- ---- observations on the Alga marina latifolia, p. 631.
---- ---- ---- ---- observations on a slight but very particular
earthquake, p. 645.
---- ---- ---- ---- observations on the Manchenille apple, p. 772.
---- ---- ---- ---- observations on the Corona Solis Marina Americana,
or American Sea-Sun-Crown, p. 843.
_Peat-pit_, account of one near Newbury in Berkshire, p. 109.
_People_ of England, concerning the number of them, p. 457.
---- ---- ---- an answer to Mr. Forster’s letter, concerning their
number and increase, 465.
_Peking_, a description of the plan of it, p. 704.
_Perry_, Mr. his letter to Dr. Stukeley, concerning the Earthquake at
Sumatra in Nov. and Dec. 1756, p. 491.
_Phœnician_ numeral characters anciently used at Sidon, dissertation on
them, p. 791.
_Plants_, impressions of them on the slates of coals, p. 228.
---- catalogue of the fifty from Chelsea Garden, for 1756, p. 236.
---- observations on the sleep of them, p. 506.
---- catalogue of the fifty from Chelsea Garden, for 1757, p. 648.
_Platina_, experimental examination of it, Paper V. and VI. p. 148, 156.
_Platt_, Mr. Joshua, his account of the fossil thigh-bone of an animal
dug up at Stonesfield, near Woodstock, p. 524.
_Polarity_ and Magnetism, communicated to brass, p. 774.
_Polypus_, Sea, account of it, p. 777.
_Pozzuoli_, account of the temple of Serapis there, p. 166.
_Postscript_ to Dr. Whytt’s observations on Lord Walpole’s case, p. 385.
_Pringle_, John, M. D. on the virtues of soap in dissolving the stone,
p. 221.
---- ---- ---- ---- his account of the effects of electricity in
paralytic cases, p. 481.
_Problems_, isoperimetrical, a further attempt to facilitate the
solution of them, p. 623.
_Pulteney_, M. Richard, his botanical and medical history of the
Solanum Lethale, p. 62.
---- ---- ---- his observations on the sleep of plants, p. 506.
_Pulse_, quickness of it in coughs, attended with infarction of the
lungs, lessened by blisters, p. 569.
R
_Register_, Parish, extract of that in Great Shefford in Berkshire,
with observations, p. 356.
_Remarks_ on Dr. Job Baster’s Observationes de corallinis, &c. p. 280.
_Robertson_, Mr. John, his essay towards ascertaining the specific
gravity of living men, p. 30.
---- ---- ---- ---- account of an extraordinary operation performed in
Portsmouth dock-yard, p. 288.
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- of the fall of water under bridges, p. 492.
S
_Salt-water_, experiments on applying Dr. Hales’s method of distilling
it to the steam-engine, p. 53.
_Satellite_, concerning the irregularities in the motion of one,
arising from the spheroidical figure of its primary planet, p. 807.
_Sea-water_, method of making it fresh with wood-ashes, p. 635.
_Sea Alga_ with broad leaves, observations on it, p. 631.
_Series_, invention of a general method for determining the sum of
every 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, &c. term of one, taken in order, p. 757.
_Serapis_, Temple of, at Pozzuoli, account of it, p. 166.
_Shepey_ Island, account of fossil fruits, and other bodies, found
there, p. 396.
_Short_, James, M. A. his account of some experiments concerning the
different refrangibility of light by Mr. John Dollond, p. 733.
_Shefford_, Great, extract of the parish register there, with
observations, p. 356.
_Simpson_, Mr. Tho. his resolution of a general proposition for
determining the horary alteration of the terrestrial equator, &c. p.
416.
---- ---- ---- ---- further attempt to facilitate the resolution of
isoperimetrical problems, p. 623.
---- ---- ---- ---- invention of a general method for determining the
sum of every 2d, 3d, 4th, or 5th, &c. term of a series, taken in order,
p. 757.
_Skeleton_ of an animal, description of a fossil one found in the alum
rock near Whitby, p. 786.
_Slates_ of Coals, account of the impressions of plants on some, p. 228.
_Sleep_ of plants, observations on it, p. 506.
_Smeaton_, Mr. John, concerning the effects of lightning upon the
church and steeple of Lestwithiel in Cornwall, p. 198.
---- ---- ---- his remarks on the different temperature of the air at
Edystone, from that observed at Plymouth, between July 7th and 14th,
1757, p. 488.
_Snail_, the naked, producing purple, observations on it, p. 585.
_Snipe_, or Tringa, a new-discovered species of it, p. 255.
_Solanum_ Lethale, Bella-Donna, or Deadly Nightshade, brief botanical
and medical history of it, p. 62.
_Soap_, its virtues in dissolving the stone, p. 221, 386.
_Sponges_, formed by worms, new observations on them, p. 590.
_Steam-Engine_, experiments on applying Dr. Hales’s method of
distilling salt-water to it, p. 53.
_Steam_, farther experiments for increasing the quantity of it in a
fire-engine, p. 570.
_Stone_, the virtues of soap in dissolving it, p. 221.
_Stones_, remarkable instance of four rough ones discovered in an human
urinary bladder, extracted by the lateral method of cutting for the
stone, p. 579.
_Storm_, effects of one at Wigton in Cumberland, p. 194.
---- ---- ---- ---- at Looe and Lanreath, p. 104.
_Stonesfield_, account of the fossil thigh-bone of an animal dug up
there, p. 524.
_Sumatra_, Island of, account of an earthquake felt there in Nov. and
Dec. 1756, p. 491.
_Swinton_, the Rev. John, his remarks on a Parthian coin with a Greek
and Parthian legend, never before published, p. 175.
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- dissertation upon the Phœnician numeral
characters antiently used at Sidon, p. 791.
T
_Tables_ of the variation of the magnetic needle, a sett, which exhibit
the result of upwards of fifty thousand observations, adapted to every
five degrees of lat. and long. in the more frequented oceans, p. 329.
_Tendon_, Flexor, one torn out in its whole extent, and the first joint
of the thumb torn off, p. 617.
_Thermometer_, state of it at the Hague, Jan. 9, 1757. p. 148.
_Thermometers_, description of some for particular uses, p. 300.
_Thigh-bone_ of a large animal, a fossil one dug up at Stonesfield,
near Woodstock, in Oxfordshire, p. 524.
_Thunder_ and Lightning, the effects of them in the parishes of Looe
and Lanreath, June 27th, 1756, p. 104.
_Torkos_, Just. Joan. observationes anatomico-medicæ de monstro
bicorporeo virgineo, p. 311.
_Travers_, Mr. Peter, his successful treatment of the gut ileum cut
thro’ by a knife, p. 35.
_Trees_, some discovered under-ground on the shore at Mount’s-Bay in
Cornwall, p. 51.
_Trembley_, Mr. Abraham, extract of a letter from him on several
curious subjects of natural history, p. 58.
---- ---- ---- his state of the thermometer at the Hague, Jan. 9, 1757,
p. 148.
_Trigonometry_, abridgement of it, p. 538.
_Tumours_, some extraordinary ones upon the head of a man in St.
Bartholomew’s-Hospital, p. 350.
_Tringa_, or Snipe, account of a new-discovered species, p. 255.
V
_Vapour_, remarks on the opinion of Henry Eles, Esq; concerning the
ascent of it, p. 240.
_Ventilators_, attempt to improve the manner of working them by the
help of a fire-engine, p. 727.
_Vessels_, lymphatic, of animals, observations on their origin and use,
p. 322.
_Vigiliæ florum_, account of that faculty, p. 506.
_Virginia_, remarkable storm of hail there, p. 746.
W
_Wall_, John, M.D. concerning the good effects of Malverne waters, p.
23.
---- ---- ---- his observations on the case of the Norfolk Boy cured of
convulsions by the discharge of worms, p. 836.
_Walmesley_, Mr. Charles, his letter on the irregular motions of a
satellite, p. 807.
_Walker_, Mr. John, his account of a new medicinal well lately
discovered at Moffat in Annandale, p. 117.
_Walpole_, Lord Horace, sequel to his account of his own case (Phil.
Trans. vol. xlvii. p. 43 & 472.) p. 205.
_Ward_, John, LL.D. letter communicated by him, with an account of the
alterations making in the Pantheon at Rome, p. 115.
---- ---- ---- his account of the black assize at Oxford, p. 699.
_Warner_, Jos. Surgeon, his account of a remarkable case of an
aneurism, &c. p. 363.
---- ---- ---- ---- instance of four rough stones extracted from the
urinary bladder of a man, by the lateral method of cutting for the
stone, p. 579.
_Water_, account of its fall under bridges, p. 492.
---- fresh, method of procuring it from salt water with wood-ashes, p.
635.
_Waters_, the Carlsbad mineral, account of them, p. 25.
---- ---- ---- ---- their lithontriptic virtue with lime-water and
soap, p. 386.
---- Malverne, the good effects of them, p. 23.
---- medicinal, at Moffat in Annandale, account of them, p. 117.
Various experiments on them, p. 121.
_Watson_, William, M. D. memoir concerning a genus of plants called
Lichen, &c. p. 652.
---- ---- ---- his account of some extraordinary effects arising from
convulsions, p. 743.
---- ---- ---- his further account of the poisonous effects of the
Oenanthe aquatica succo viroso crocanthe of Lobel, or Hemlock Dropwort,
p. 856.
_Well_, medicinal, a new one discovered near Moffat in Annandale, p.
117.
_Weather_, extraordinary heat of it in July 1757, p. 523.
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- in Georgia, p. 754.
_Wendlingen_, P. Joan. observatio eclipsis lunaris facta Matriti, die
30 Julii 1757, p. 640.
_White_, Taylor, Esq; his discourse on the Cinamon, Cassia, or Canella,
p. 860.
_Whytt_, Robert, M. D. his account of the lithontriptic virtue of the
Carlsbad waters, lime-water and soap, p. 386.
---- ---- ---- concerning the remarkable effects of blisters in
lessening the quickness of the pulse in coughs attended with infarction
of the lungs, p. 569.
_Wigton_, in Cumberland, effects of a storm there, p. 194.
_Winthrop_, Mr. Professor, concerning an earthquake felt in New
England, and the neighbouring parts of America, Nov. 18, 1755, p. 1.
_Windows_, dissertation on the antiquity of glass in them, p. 601.
_Wright_, Edward, M.D. his account of an experiment, whereby it appears
that salt of steel does not enter the lacteals, p. 594.
_Wood-ashes_, their use in distilling fresh water from sea-water, p.
635.
_Wooller_, Mr. his description of the fossil skeleton of an animal
found in the alum rock near Whitby, p. 786.
_Worms_, account of a boy cured of convulsive fits by the discharge of
some, p. 518. Other cases of the like nature, p. 839.
---- that form sponges, new observations on them, p. 590.
Z
_Zetland_, island of, account of an extraordinary shower of black dust
which fell there, Oct. 20, 1755, p. 297.