LEMMA II.

_Corporis longinqui gravitatem ad Sphæroidem oblatam determinare._

Retentis iis quæ sunt in lemmate superiori demonstrata; esto C centrum

sphæroidis, cujus æquatori parallelus sit circulus IMK. Sphæroidis

hujus semiaxis major sit _a_, semiaxis minor _b_, eorum differentia

_c_, quam exiguam esse suppono; et dicatur D circumferentia æquatoris.

Centro C et radio æquali semiaxi minori describi concipiatur

circulus qui secet IK in _i_, eritque gravitas in directione SD, qua

urgetur corpus S versus materiam sitam inter circumferentiam IMKN et

circumferentiam centro X et radio X_i_ descriptam, æqualis gravitati

in lemmate præcedenti definitæ ductæ in rectam I_i_. Sed est I_i_.

_c_∷ IX. _a_, atque _d_. D∷ IX. _a_; unde I_i_ × _d_. D × _c_∷ (IX)².

_aa_, hoc est, ex naturâ ellipseos, ob CX = _z_, et IX = _r_, I_i_

× _d_. D × _c_∷ _bb_ - _zz_. _bb_, adeoque I_i_ × _d_ = (D × _c_) ⁄

(_bb_) × (_bb_ - _zz_), atque _rr_ = _aa_ - (_aazz_) ⁄ (_bb_); scribi

autem potest in sequenti calculo _bb_ - _zz_ pro _rr_ ob parvitatem

differentiæ semiaxium in quam omnes termini ducuntur. Gravitas igitur

corporis S in materiam inter circumferentias supradictas consistentem

exprimetur per (D × _c_) ⁄ (_bb_) × (_bb_ - _zz_) × (_k_ - _z_) in 1

⁄ _l_³ + (3_kz_) ⁄ _l_⁵ - (3_bb_) ⁄ (2_l_⁵) - (15_zz_) ⁄ (4_l_⁵) +

(15_bbhh_) ⁄ (4_l_⁷) + (45_kkzz_) ⁄ (4_l_⁷). Et si addatur gravitas

in similem materiam ex alterâ parte centri C ad æqualem à centro

distantiam, quia tunc CX sive _z_ evadit negativa, gravitas corporis S

in hanc duplicem materiam erit (D × _c_) ⁄ _bb_ × (_bb_ - _zz_) in 2_k_

⁄ _l_³ - 6_kzz_ ⁄ _l_⁵ - 3_kbb_ ⁄ _l_⁵ + 15_k_³_zz_ ⁄ _l_⁷ + 15_hhkbb_

⁄ 2_l_⁷ - 15_hhkzz_ ⁄ 2_l_⁷. Ducatur jam gravitas hæc in _ż_, et sumptâ

gravitatum omnium summâ, factâ _z_ = _b_, gravitatio tota corporis S

in totam materiam globo interiori superiorem secundum directionem SD

æquatori perpendicularem prodit (D × _c_) × (4_kb_ ⁄ 3_l_³ - 4_kb_³ ⁄

5_l_⁵ + 2_khhb_³ ⁄ _l_⁷). Simili ratiocinio gravitatio corporis S in

eamdem materiam secundum directionem SR æquatori parallelam invenitur

æqualis D × _c_ × (4_hb_ ⁄ 3_l_³ + 2_hb_³ ⁄ 5_l_⁵ - 2_hkkb_³ ⁄ _l_⁷).

Tum si addatur gravitatio corporis S in globum interiorem, ex unâ parte

scilicet 2_b_³_k_D ⁄ 3_al_³, et ex alterâ 2_b_³_h_D ⁄ 3_al_³, habebitur

gravitas corporis S in totum sphæroidem. _Q. E. I._

Philosophical transactions, Vol. L. Part II. For the year 1758. Giving some account of the present undertakings, studies, and labours, of the ingenious, in many considerable parts of the world. · 第 89 / 119 题