The emperors _Tou hi_, _Chin Nong_, _Hoang ti_.
The emperors _Chao hao_, _Tchouen hiu_, _Ty co_, _Yao_, _Chun_.
The emperor _Yu_, the founder of the dynasty _Hia_, and thirteen other
emperors of that dynasty.
The emperor _Tching tang_, the founder of the dynasty _Chang_, and
twenty-five emperors of that dynasty.
The emperor _Ou ouang_, the founder of the dynasty _Tcheou_, and
thirty-one emperors of that dynasty.
The founder of the dynasty _Han_, and twenty emperors of that dynasty,
who are called western _Han_, eastern _Han_, and later _Han_.
The founder of the dynasty _Tang_, and fourteen emperors of that
dynasty.
The founder of the dynasty _Song_, and thirteen emperors of that
dynasty; which is called the northern _Song_ and the southern _Song_.
_Gen tchis khan_, or _Temoug in_, the founder of the dynasty _Yuen_,
is the dynasty of the Mongol or Mogol Tartars. Besides the founder
of this dynasty, there are ten other emperors of this dynasty, whose
memory is honoured in the _Ti ouang miao_. The four first emperors of
this dynasty, _viz. Gen tchis khan_, _Ogo tay_, _Kouey yevou_, and
_Meng ko_, reigned in the northern provinces, and had not conquered all
China. The emperor _Cobilay_, or _Koublay_, in Chinese _Yuen chitsou_,
completed the conquest of China.
The founder of the dynasty _Ming_, and the eleven emperors of this
dynasty.
The emperor _Ogo tay_, the second of the dynasty _Yuen_, completed
the destruction of the dynasty of the eastern Tartars, called _Kin_.
It reigned to the north as long as the dynasty _Song_ reigned to the
south. In the _Ti ouang miao_ is honoured the memory of the founder of
this dynasty _Kin_, and four other emperors of it.
The founder of the Tartar dynasty _Kin_ destroyed the dynasty of the
Tartars _Ki tan_, called _Leao_, which conquered a great part of North
China and Tartary.
In the _Ti ouang miao_ is honoured the memory of this Tartar dynasty
_Leao_, and five other emperors of the Tartars _Ki tan_, whose country
was in that of Parin in Tartary, among the Mongou or Mogols.
_Continuation of the Remarks on the_ Ti ouang miao.
2. In the palace of Peking, and elsewhere, there are great halls, in
which honours are paid to the memory of the deceased emperors of the
reigning dynasty of the _Mantcheou_. The first and second emperor
reigned in East Tartary. The emperor _Chun tchi_ began to reign in
China. If we reckon the present emperor in the number, there are six
emperors _Mantcheou_. Father Couplet, and others, are mistaken in
reckoning one more. This error was occasioned by the years of the
reign of _Tay hong_, the second emperor, having had two names. Father
Couplet, and others, took the two names of the years of the reign for
the name or title of the two emperors.
3. In the _Ti ouang miao_ is honoured the memory of some illustrious
persons in the different dynasties. The same is done in the hall, where
honour is paid to the memory of the deceased emperors _Montcheou_: and
there are there tablets for so many illustrious persons among those
emperors.
4. In the _Ti ouang miao_ are placed none of the emperors of the
dynasty _Hin_ before Christ, nor any of those between the dynasties
_Tang_ and _Han_, nor of those of the five small dynasties after that
of _Tang_. Besides, in each dynasty there are some emperors, whose
tablets are not placed in the _Ti ouang miao_. The reigning dynasty has
not thought it a duty to pay honours to those emperors, but considered
them as unworthy the pompous title of _Tin tse_, or _Sons of Heaven_.
5. The Tartars _Sien pi_, who came from the confines of _Leao tong_ and
Mongol or Mogol Tartary, had hords named _To pa_. One of these hords
made themselves masters of Tartary _Leao tong_, and of several northern
provinces of China. This Tartar power has the Chinese name of _Ouey_.
It has produced several great princes. The year of Christ 386 is
reckoned the first of that dynasty[153], which reigned above 180 years.
I do not know why the reigning dynasty has not placed the name of any
of these emperors in the _Ti ouang miao_.
6. If we suppose, first, that all the books of the history of China
should be lost, or the contents of them should not be known in Europe;
and secondly, that the catalogue of the emperors, who are mentioned
in the _Ti ouang miao_, should fall into the hands of some European
critics; it is probable, that such a catalogue would occasion many
false reasonings with relation to the succession of the emperors, who
have reigned in China.
XCVII. _An Attempt to improve the Manner of working the Ventilators by
the Help of the Fire-Engine. In a Letter to_ Tho. Birch, _D. D. Secret.
R. S. from_ Keane Fitz-Gerald, _Esq; F.R.S._
[Read June 8, 1758.]