CHAPTER XXV.

PERSONAL.

Contested Seats -- Mr. Stockton votes for Himself -- New

Jersey's loss of two Senators -- Losses of Vermont --

Suicide of James H. Lane -- Death in the House -- General

Scott -- Lincoln's Eulogy and Statue -- Mr. Sumner on Fine

Arts in the Capitol -- Censure of Mr. Chanler -- Petition

for the expulsion of Garret Davis -- Grinnell assaulted by

Rousseau -- The Action of the House -- Leader of the House.

Matters of interest relating to the members of the Thirty-ninth

Congress remain to be noticed. Some names of members appear in the

opening scenes of Congress which were substituted by others before the

close. This was occasioned partly through successful contests for

seats by persons who, after an investigation of their claims, were

declared to have been legally elected, but failed, through fraud or

mistake, to receive their credentials. The right of Mr. Voorhees, of

Indiana, to a seat in the Thirty-ninth Congress was contested by Henry

D. Washburn. The testimony in this case was laid before the Committee

on Elections early in the session, and after patient hearing of the

parties and careful consideration of the subject, the committee

reported in favor of Mr. Washburn and unseated Mr. Voorhees.

The seat in Congress taken at the opening of the session by James

Brooks, of New York, was decided by the committee, after consideration

of the claims of the contestant, to belong to William E. Dodge, a

merchant of New York city.

The right of John P. Stockton, of New Jersey, to a seat in the Senate

having been disputed on account of irregularity in his election, the

Senate came to a vote on the question, after considerable discussion,

on the 23d of March, 1866. Mr. Stockton was declared entitled to his

place by the close vote of 22 to 21, he giving the decisive vote in

favor of himself. There arose a very exciting debate as to the right

of a Senator to vote for himself under such circumstances. Mr.

Stockton finally yielded to the arguments against his right to sit in

judgment on his own case, and he was unseated March 27th by a vote of

22 to 21. For a time the seat thus vacated, to which New Jersey was

entitled in the Senate, remained unoccupied on account of the refusal

of the Republican Speaker of the New Jersey Senate to give his vote in

favor of the nominee of the Union caucus, Mr. Cattell. On account of

the nearly equal balance of the parties, the choice was long deferred,

but eventually made in favor of Mr. Cattell. The other seat held by

New Jersey in the Senate was practically vacant for a considerable

time on account of the illness of its incumbent, Mr. William Wright,

who consequently resigned and eventually died before the expiration of

the Thirty-ninth Congress.

Other seats in Congress were vacated by death. Of all the States,

Vermont suffered most severely in this respect. A part of the

proceedings of the Thirty-ninth Congress consists of funeral addresses

and eulogies upon Judge Collamer, a distinguished Senator from

Vermont, whose term of service, had he lived, would have expired with

the close of this Congress. He died, lamented by the nation, on the

8th of November, 1865. One who took a prominent part in the funeral

obsequies of Mr. Collamer was Solomon Foot, the surviving Senator from

Vermont. A man termed, from his length of service, "the father of the

Senate," long its presiding officer, of purest morals, incorruptible

integrity, and faithful industry, he died universally lamented on the

28th of March, 1866. Mr. Foot's death created a profound impression,

since it exhibited, in a most remarkable manner, the effect of

Christianity in affording its possessor a happy close of life.

The death of another Senator stands forth in striking contrast with

that of Mr. Foot. On the first of July, 1866, Senator James H. Lane

shot himself at Leavenworth, Kansas. While on his way home from

Washington, when at St. Louis, he had intimated a determination to

commit suicide. His friends watched him closely, and obtained

possession of his pocket-knife lest he might use it for the fatal

purpose. Mr. Lane having reached Leavenworth, two of his friends

invited him to ride with them on Sabbath afternoon. After getting into

the carriage, he expressed a desire to return to his room for his

cane, refusing to allow any one to go for him. Mr. Lane having

returned with his cane, they drove to the heights overlooking the

city. He entered cheerfully into the conversation, remarking upon the

beauty of the city and landscape. On returning, they had to pass

through a gate that separated two fields. One of the gentlemen

alighted to open the gate. At the same time Mr. Lane stepped down from

the carriage, and, passing around behind it, said, "Good-by,

gentlemen," and instantly discharged a pistol with its muzzle in his

mouth. The ball passed out at the top of his head, near the center of

the skull, producing a fatal wound. The unhappy man lingered for a few

days in a state of unconsciousness and died. Thus ended the stirring,

troubled life of one who as a politician had occupied no

inconsiderable space in the public eye.

A number of seats in the House of Representatives were vacated by

death. James Humphrey, an able and honored member from New York, died

in Brooklyn on the 16th of June, 1866. During the second session of

the Thirty-ninth Congress, two members of the House of Representatives

were removed by death--Philip Johnson, of Pennsylvania, in his third

term of Congressional service, and Henry Grider, of Kentucky, a

veteran member, who, having served in Congress from 1843 to 1847, was

more recently a member of the Thirty-seventh, Thirty-eighth, and

Thirty-ninth Congresses.

Congress was called upon to pay funeral honors to others than its

members. The death of General Scott, so long the illustrious chief of

the military establishment of the nation, was regarded with due

solemnity and honor by Congress, who deputized a large committee to

attend the funeral obsequies at West Point. An equestrian statue of

the distinguished General was voted by Congress to adorn the public

grounds of the national capital.

The name of Abraham Lincoln, the nation's martyred President, was

always pronounced with profoundest respect and sincerest gratitude in

the halls of Congress. His birthday, February 12th, was celebrated by

the adjournment of Congress, and such an assembly as the hall of

Representatives has rarely witnessed, to hear a eulogy pronounced by

Mr. Bancroft, the American historian. An appropriation of ten thousand

dollars was made to pay a young artist, Miss Minnie Ream, to model a

statue of Abraham Lincoln. This proposition elicited an animated

discussion, and was the occasion of a most interesting address by Mr.

Sumner on Art in the Capitol. "Surely this edifice," said he, "so

beautiful and interesting, should not be opened to the experiments of

untried talent. Only the finished artists should be invited to its

ornamentation.

"Sir, I doubt if you consider enough the character of this edifice in

which we are now assembled. Possessing the advantage of an

incomparable situation, it is one of the first-class structures in the

world. Surrounded by an amphitheater of hills, with the Potomac at its

feet, it resembles the capitol in Rome, surrounded by the Alban hills,

with the Tiber at its feet. But the situation is grander than that of

the Roman capitol. The edifice itself is worthy of the situation. It

has beauty of form and sublimity in proportions, even if it lacks

originality in conception. In itself it is a work of art. It ought not

to receive in the way of ornamentation any thing which is not a work

of art. Unhappily this rule has not always prevailed, or there would

not be so few pictures and marbles about us worthy of the place they

occupy. But bad pictures and ordinary marbles should warn us against

adding to their number."

Perhaps no Congress in the history of the country presents fewer

disagreeable incidents of a personal nature than this. The Democrats

in Congress being in such a small minority as to be unable to _do_ any

thing effectual either to impede or advance legislation, could only

present their vain protests in words. Chafing under the difficulties

they encountered, it is not surprising that at times they used

language so ill-timed and unparliamentary as to call forth the censure

of the House.

On one occasion, Mr. Chanler, of New York, submitted a resolution

"that the independent, patriotic, and constitutional course of the

President of the United States, in seeking to protect, by the veto

power, the rights of the people of this Union against the wicked and

revolutionary acts of a few malignant and mischievous men meets with

the approval of this House, and deserves the cordial support of all

loyal citizens of the United States."

For introducing this resolution, the House voted to censure Mr.

Chanler as having "attempted a gross insult to the House."

Before the vote was taken, Mr. Chanler said: "If by my defiance I

could drive your party from this hall, I would do so; if by my vote I

could crush you, I would do so, and put the whole party, with your

leader, the gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. Stevens], into that

political hell surrounded by bayonets referred to by him in his

argument on Thursday last."

In the Senate a petition was presented from citizens of New York

praying that Garret Davis be expelled from the Senate, and, "with

other traitors, held to answer to the law for his crime, since he

stood in the attitude of an avowed enemy of the Government"--since he

had made the declaration in reference to the Civil Rights Bill "that

if the bill should become a law, he should feel compelled to regard

himself as an enemy of the Government, and to work for its overthrow."

"It is true," replied Mr. Davis, "that I used in substance the words

that are imputed to me in that petition; but, as a part of their

context, I used a great many more. As an example of garbling, the

petition reminds me of a specimen that I heard when I was a young man.

It was to this effect: 'The Bible teaches "that there is no God."'

When those words were read in connection with the context, the passage

read in about these terms: 'The fool hath said in his heart that there

is no God.' That specimen of the Bible was about as fair as this

garbled statement is of what I said upon the matter to which it

refers."

The most serious subject coming up for the censure of the House was an

assault made by Mr. Rousseau, of Kentucky, upon Mr. Grinnell, of Iowa.

In many of its features this incident resembles the "affairs" of a

personal character which were of frequent occurrence when Southern

members were in Congress before the war. In February, 1866, Mr.

Rousseau, in the course of a speech on the Freedmen's Bureau Bill,

made the remark, "If you intend to arrest white people on the _ex

parte_ statement of negroes, and hold them to suit your convenience

for trial, and fine and imprison them, then I say that I oppose you;

and if you should so arrest and punish me, I would kill you when you

set me at liberty."

To this Mr. Grinnell replied, "I care not whether the gentleman was

four years in the war on the Union side or four years on the other

side, but I say that he degraded his State and uttered a sentiment I

thought unworthy of an American officer when he said that he would do

such an act on the complaint of a negro against him."

To this Mr. Rousseau, on the following day, replied: "I pronounce the

assertion that I have degraded my State and uttered a sentiment

unworthy an American officer to be false, a vile slander, and unworthy

to be uttered by any gentleman upon this floor."

Some months after this, Mr. Rousseau, in a public speech delivered in

New York city, denounced Mr. Grinnell as a "pitiable politician from

Iowa." In a speech made in the House on the 11th of June, Mr. Rousseau

said of Mr. Grinnell: "I do not suppose that any member of this House

believed a word he said. When a member can so far depart from what

every body believes he ought to know and does know is the truth, it is

a degradation, not to his State, but to himself."

"When any man," replied Mr. Grinnell--"I care not whether he stands

six feet high, whether he wears buff and carries the air of a certain

bird that has a more than usual extremity of tail, wanting in the

other extremity--says that he would not believe what I utter, I will

say that I was never born to stand under an imputation of that sort.

"The gentleman begins courting sympathy by sustaining the President of

the United States preparatory to his assault upon me. Now, sir, if he

is a defender of the President of the United States, all I have to say

is, God save the President from such an incoherent, brainless

defender, equal in valor in civil and in military life. His military

record--who has read it? In what volume of history is it found?"

Mr. Rousseau determined to resent the insult which he conceived to be

offered him in this speech by inflicting a bodily chastisement upon

Mr. Grinnell. On the morning of June 14th, Mr. Rousseau informed a

military friend of his purpose of flogging Mr. Grinnell. The person so

informed procured a pistol and waited in the capitol until the close

of the day's session, in order to be present at the flogging and see

"fair play." Two other friends of Mr. Rousseau, also armed with

pistols, happened to be present when the scene transpired. While Mr.

Grinnell was passing from the House through the east portico of the

capitol, he was met by Mr. Rousseau, who, in an excited manner, said,

"I have waited four days for an apology for words spoken here upon

this floor."

"What of that?" asked Mr. Grinnell.

"I will teach you what of that," said Mr. Rousseau, who then proceeded

to strike Mr. Grinnell about the head and shoulders with a rattan,

stopping occasionally to lecture him, and saying, "Now, you d----d

puppy and poltroon, look at yourself."

After receiving half a dozen blows, Mr. Grinnell exclaimed, "I don't

want to hurt you."

"I don't expect you to hurt me, you d----d scoundrel," said Mr.

Rousseau, "but you tried to injure me upon the floor of the House. And

now look at yourself; whipped here; whipped like a dog, disgraced and

degraded! Where are your one hundred and twenty-seven thousand

constituents now?"

A committee was appointed to investigate this disgraceful affair. In

just one month after the transaction, a report was presented, signed

by Messrs. Spalding, Banks, and Thayer, stating the facts in the case,

and recommending the expulsion of Mr. Rousseau. They also proposed a

resolution to express disapproval of the reflections made by Mr.

Grinnell upon the character of Mr. Rousseau. The "views of the

minority" were also presented by Messrs. Raymond and Hogan. They

recommended that the punishment of Mr. Rousseau should be a public

reprimand by the Speaker. After protracted discussion, the House came

to a final decision. The motion to expel, requiring two-thirds, failed

by a few votes. The motion by which the Speaker was directed to

publicly reprimand Mr. Rousseau was carried by a vote of 89 to 30.

There were not enough in favor of the motion to disapprove of Mr.

Grinnell's remarks to call the ayes and noes. Mr. Rousseau endeavored

to evade the execution of the sentence by sending his resignation to

the Governor of Kentucky. The House declared that a member could not

dissolve his connection with the body under such circumstances,

without its consent. On the 21st of July, the execution of the order

was of the House having been demanded, Mr. Rousseau appeared at the

bar, when the Speaker said, "General Rousseau, the House of

Representatives have declared you guilty of a violation of its rights

and privileges in a premeditated personal assault upon a member for

words spoken in debate. This condemnation they have placed on their

journal, and have ordered that you shall be publicly reprimanded by

the Speaker at the bar of the House. No words of mine can add to the

force of this order, in obedience to which I now pronounce upon you

its reprimand."

Early in the second session of the Thirty-ninth Congress, an

interesting case came up relating to the privileges and immunities of

a member of Congress. Charles V. Culver, Representative of the

Twentieth District of Pennsylvania, having been engaged very

extensively in banking, made a failure in business. In June, 1866,

during the session of Congress, one of his creditors caused his arrest

upon a contract for the return of certain bonds and notes alleged to

have been lent to him, charging that the debt incurred thereby was

fraudulently contracted by Culver. In default of required security,

Mr. Culver was committed to jail, where he remained until the 18th of

December. Mr. Culver claimed his immunity as a member of Congress,

under the clause of the Constitution which provides that Senators and

Representatives "shall in all cases, except treason, felony, and

breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance

at the sessions of their respective houses, and in going to and

returning from the same." The judge decided that the offense fell

under the constitutional exception, and was to be regarded as a

"breach of the peace." From this remarkable decision an appeal was

made to the House of Representatives itself, as "the highest court of

the nation, and depository of its supreme authority." The case was

referred to the Judiciary Committee, who reported a resolution,

unanimously adopted by the House, directing the Speaker to issue his

warrant to the Sergeant-at-Arms, commanding him to deliver forthwith

Charles V. Culver from the custody of the sheriff and jailor of

Venango County, and make return to the House of the warrant, and the

manner in which he may have executed the same. The Sergeant-at-Arms

proceeded immediately to execute the order of the House, and in a

short time the Speaker announced that Mr. Culver was unrestrained in

his seat as a member of the Thirty-ninth Congress.

Among the numerous distinguished men who constituted the Thirty-ninth

Congress, no one towered so conspicuously above the rest as to be

universally recognized and followed as the "leader." This title has

been frequently applied to Thaddeus Stevens. He was in many respects

the most prominent figure in the Thirty-ninth Congress. His age, his

long fidelity to the principles of the Republican party, his

uncompromising spirit, and his force of character made him a

conspicuous and influential member of the House, but did not cause him

to be generally recognized or implicitly followed as a leader.

In so large a legislative body, composed of so many men of independent

thought and action, acknowledging no parliamentary leader, it is

remarkable that the wheels of legislation should run so smoothly, and

that after all the disagreement in discussion, great results should be

at last so harmoniously wrought out. This is partly due to the

patriotic spirit which pervaded the minds of its members, inducing

them to lay aside minor differences of opinion for the good of that

common country for which their constituents had lately made such

tremendous sacrifice. The result is also owing to the parliamentary

ability and tact of him who sat patiently and faithfully as Speaker of

the House. Deprived by his position of opportunity of taking part in

the discussions, which his genius and experience fitted him to

illustrate, he nevertheless did much to direct the current of

legislation which flowed smoothly or turbidly before him. The

resolution of thanks to the Speaker, moved by a member of the

minority, and passed unanimously by the House, was no unmeaning

compliment, but was an honor fairly earned and justly paid.

The labor of presiding over the Senate--a much lighter task, owing to

the smaller number which composed the body--was faithfully performed

by Mr. Foster. His remarks to the Senate on retiring from the chair as

President _pro tempore_, and closing a career of twelve years as a

member of the body, were most beautiful and impressive.

Benjamin F. Wade, "a Senator from Ohio," having been duly elected

President _pro tempore_ of the Senate, took the "iron-clad oath" and

assumed his seat as acting Vice-President of the United States without

ostentation or remark.

At twelve o'clock noon of March 4, 1867, the Thirty-ninth Congress

closed its existence, handing over its great enactments to the

country, and its unfinished business to its successor, which

immediately came into life.

BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF THE THIRTY-NINTH CONGRESS.

(The numbers appended to the following sketches refer to preceding

pages of the book.)

[The names of Republicans are printed in ROMAN; of Democrats in

_ITALICS_.]

JOHN B. ALLEY was born in Lynn, Massachusetts, January 7, 1817. Having

learned the art of shoemaking, he devoted himself to the shoe and

leather trade. After having served several years in the City Council

of Lynn, he was chosen a member of the Governor's Council in 1851. He

was a member of the Massachusetts Senate in 1852, and of the State

Constitutional Convention held in the following year. In 1858 he was

elected a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts. He entered

upon his fourth Congressional term in 1865 as a member of the

Thirty-Ninth Congress; and was succeeded in the Fortieth Congress by

General Butler.

WILLIAM B. ALLISON was born in Wayne County, Ohio, March 2, 1829. He

was educated at Alleghany College, Pennsylvania, and at Western

Reserve College, Ohio. From 1851 to 1857 he practiced law in Ohio, and

subsequently settled in Dubuque, Iowa. He was a member of the Chicago

Convention of 1860. As a member of the Governor's staff; in 1861, he

rendered efficient service in raising troops for the war. In 1862 he

was elected a Representative in the Thirty-Eighth Congress, from Ohio.

He was re-elected in 1864, and again in 1866.--527.

OAKES AMES was born in Easton, Massachusetts, January 10, 1804. He has

devoted most of his life to the business of manufacturing, taking but

little public part in politics. Having served for two years as a

member of the Executive Council of his State, he was, in 1862, 1864,

and 1866, elected a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts.--31.

_SYDENHAM E. ANCONA_ was born in Warwick, Pennsylvania, November 20,

1824. Removing to Berks County, he was, for a number of years,

connected with the Reading Railroad Company. In 1860 he was elected a

Representative to the Thirty-Seventh Congress from Pennsylvania, and

was subsequently returned to the Thirty-Eighth and Thirty-Ninth

Congresses. He was succeeded in the Fortieth Congress by _J. Lawrence

Getz_.

GEORGE W. ANDERSON was born in Tennessee, May 22, 1832. Having

received a liberal education, he adopted the profession of law. In

1853 he settled in Missouri, where he soon after became editor of the

"North-East Missourian." In 1858 he was elected to the State

Legislature. In 1862 he was chosen a State Senator, and served as such

until he was elected a Representative from Missouri to the

Thirty-Ninth Congress. He was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress.

HENRY B. ANTHONY was born of Quaker ancestry, at Coventry, Rhode

Island, April 1, 1815. He graduated at Brown University in 1833. He

became editor of the "Providence Journal" in 1838. He was chosen

Governor of Rhode Island in 1849, and served two terms. In 1859 he was

elected a Senator in Congress from Rhode Island, and was subsequently

re-elected for a second term, which ends in 1871.--36, 37, 487, 488,

497.

SAMUEL M. ARNELL was born in Maury County, Tennessee, May 3, 1834. He

studied at Amherst College, Massachusetts, and adopted the profession

of law, which he practiced in Columbia, Tennessee. In April, 1865, he

was elected a member of the Legislature of Tennessee, and in the

following August was elected a Representative in Congress. The

Tennessee delegation not being admitted at the opening of the

Thirty-Ninth Congress, he continued to hold his seat in the

Legislature. He was the author of the Franchise Law, which became a

part of the Constitution of Tennessee, and of the Civil Rights Bill of

Tennessee. He took his seat as a member of the Thirty-Ninth Congress

at the opening of its second session, and was re-elected to the

Fortieth Congress.

DELOS R. ASHLEY studied and practiced the profession of law in Monroe,

Michigan. In 1849 he removed to California, where he was elected

District Attorney in 1851. He was elected to the Assembly in 1854, and

to the State Senate in 1856. He subsequently held the office of

Treasurer of State. Having removed to Nevada in 1864, he was elected

the Representative from that State to the Thirty-Ninth Congress, and

was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress.

JAMES M. ASHLEY was born in Pennsylvania, November 14, 1824. He spent

several years of his early life in a printing-office, and was some

time a clerk on Ohio and Mississippi steamboats. He studied law, and

was admitted to the bar in 1849, but immediately engaged in the

business of boat-building. He subsequently went into the wholesale

drug business in Toledo. In 1858 he was elected a Representative from

Ohio to the Thirty-Sixth Congress, and has been a member of every

succeeding Congress, including the Fortieth.--306, 503, 513, 515, 525,

566.

JEHU BAKER was born in Fayette County, Kentucky, November 4, 1822. He

received a good education, and entered the profession of law. Having

settled in Illinois, he was, in 1864, elected a Representative from

that State to the Thirty-Ninth Congress, and was re-elected in

1866.--340,560.

JOHN D. BALDWIN was born in North Stonington, Connecticut, September

28, 1810. He graduated at Yale College. Having studied law, and gone

through a course of theological studies, he published a volume of

poems, and became connected with the press, first in Hartford, and

then in Boston, where he was editor of the "Daily Commonwealth." He

subsequently became proprietor of the "Worcester Spy." In 1860 he was

a delegate to the Chicago Convention. In 1862 he was elected a

Representative in Congress from Massachusetts, and was re-elected in

1864 and 1866.

NATHANIEL P. BANKS was born in Waltham, Massachusetts, January 30,

1816. His parents, being poor, could afford him no advantages of

education save those of the common school. He was editor of a

newspaper first in Waltham and then in Lowell. He studied law, but did

not practice. In 1848 he was elected to the Legislature. He served in

both Houses, and officiated part of the time as Speaker. He was

President of the Convention, held in 1853, for revising the

Constitution of Massachusetts. From 1853 to 1857 he was a

Representative in Congress. During his second term in Congress he held

the office of Speaker of the House, with unsurpassed acceptability and

success. In 1857 he was elected Governor of Massachusetts, and held

the office for three successive terms. During the late rebellion he

served as a Major-General of Volunteers. In 1865 he was elected a

member of the Thirty-Ninth Congress, and was re-elected in 1866.--25,

31, 445, 524, 525, 539, 553.

ABRAHAM A. BARKER was born in Lovell, Maine, March 30, 1816. He

received a common-school education, and engaged in agricultural

pursuits. He was an early and earnest advocate of temperance and

anti-slavery. In 1854 he removed to Pennsylvania, and entered upon the

lumber business and mercantile pursuits. In 1860 he was a delegate to

the Chicago Convention. In 1864 he was elected to represent the

Seventeenth District of Pennsylvania in the Thirty-Ninth Congress. He

was succeeded in the Fortieth Congress by Daniel J. Morrell.

PORTUS BAXTER was born in Brownington, Vermont. He received a liberal

education, and engaged in mercantile and agricultural pursuits. In

1852 and 1856 he was a Presidential Elector. In 1860 he was elected a

Representative from Vermont to the Thirty-Seventh Congress, and was

re-elected to the Thirty-Eighth and Thirty-Ninth Congresses. He was

succeeded in the Fortieth Congress by Worthington C. Smith.

FERNANDO C. BEAMAN was born in Chester, Vermont, June 28, 1814, and

was removed in boyhood to New York. He received an English education

at the Franklin County Academy, and studied law in Rochester. In 1838

he removed to Michigan, and engaged in the practice of his profession.

He served six years as Prosecuting Attorney for the county of Lenawee,

and four years as Judge of Probate. In 1856 he was a Presidential

Elector. In 1860 he was elected a Representative from Michigan to the

Thirty-Seventh Congress, and was successively re-elected to the

Thirty-Eighth, Thirty-Ninth, and Fortieth Congresses.--447.

JOHN F. BENJAMIN was born in Cicero, New York, January 23, 1817. After

having spent three years in Texas, he settled in Missouri, in 1848,

and engaged in the practice of law. He was a member of the Missouri

Legislature in 1851 and 1852, and was a Presidential Elector in 1856.

He entered the Missouri Cavalry as a private, in 1861, and by a series

of promotions reached the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. He resigned to

accept the appointment of Provost-Marshal for the Eighth District of

Missouri. He was a delegate to the Baltimore Convention of 1864, and

was the same year elected a Representative from Missouri to the

Thirty-Ninth Congress, and in 1866 was re-elected.--366.

_TEUNIS G. BERGEN_ was born in Brooklyn, New York, October 6. 1806, He

received an academical education at Flatbush, and engaged in surveying

and horticulture. He served the town of New Utrecht as supervisor for

twenty-three years. He was a member of the State Constitutional

Convention of 1846. In 1860 he was a member of the Democratic

Conventions of Charleston and Baltimore. In 1864 he was elected a

Representative from New York to the Thirty-Ninth Congress. At the

close of his Congressional term he was elected a member of the New

York Constitutional Convention of 1867. He was succeeded in the

Fortieth Congress by _Demas Barnes_.

JOHN BIDWELL was born in Chautauqua county, N. Y., August 5, 1819. In

1829 he removed with his father to Erie, Pennsylvania, and two years

after to Ashtabula county, Ohio, where, through his own exertions he

obtained an academical education. In 1838 he taught school in Darke

County, Ohio, and subsequently taught two years in Missouri. In 1841

he emigrated to California, one of the first adventurers on the wild

overland route. At the breaking out of the war with Mexico, he entered

the service of the United States as a private, and reached the rank of

Major. He was among the first who discovered gold on Feather River in

1848. In 1849 he was elected to the State Constitutional Convention,

and to the Senate of the first Legislature of California. In 1860 he

was a delegate to the Charleston Convention, and refused to sanction

the secession movement there made. In 1863 he was appointed Brigadier

General of California militia, when it was necessary to organize in

order to preserve the peace of the State. In 1864 he was a member of

the Baltimore Convention, which renominated Lincoln. The same year he

was elected a Representative from California to the Thirty-Ninth

Congress. He was not a candidate for re-election to Congress, since

nearly all the papers in the State had hoisted his name as candidate

for Governor. He failed, however, to receive the nomination for that

office by the Republican Convention. He was succeeded in the Fortieth

Congress by _James A. Johnson_.--31.

JOHN A. BINGHAM was born in Pennsylvania in 1815. Having received an

academical education, and spending two years in a printing-office, he

entered Franklin College, in Ohio, but owing to ill-health, did not

prosecute his studies to graduation. He was admitted to the bar in

1840, and from 1845 to 1849 he was Prosecuting Attorney for the county

of Tuscarawas. In 1854 he was elected a Representative from Ohio to

the Thirty-Fourth Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-Fifth,

Thirty-Sixth, and Thirty-Seventh Congresses. In 1864 he was appointed

a Judge-Advocate in the Army, and Solicitor of the Court of Claims. He

was Assistant Judge-Advocate in the trial of the Assassination

Conspirators, in May, 1865. In 1865 he took his seat for his fifth

term of service in Congress and was re-elected to the Fortieth

Congress--25, 67, 237, 285, 319, 357, 434, 448, 474, 475, 505, 520,

526, 537.

JAMES G. BLAINE was born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, in 1830.

After graduating at Washington College, 1847, he removed to Maine and

became editor of the "Kennebec Journal," and "Portland Advertiser". He

was four years a member of the Maine Legislature, and served two years

as Speaker of the House. In 1862 he was elected a Representative from

Maine to the Thirty-Eighth Congress, and was successively re-elected

to the Thirty-Ninth and Fortieth Congresses.--333, 437, 527, 528, 536.

HENRY T. BLOW was born in Southampton county, Virginia, July 15, 1817.

In 1830 he removed to Missouri, and goon after graduated at the St.

Louis University. He engaged extensively in the drug and lead

business. He served four years in the Senate of Missouri. In 1861 he

was appointed by President Lincoln Minister to Venezuela, but resigned

the position before the expiration of a year. In 1862 he was elected a

Representative from Missouri to the Thirty-Eighth Congress, and was

re-elected to the Thirty-Ninth. He was succeeded in the Fortieth

Congress by Carman A. Newcomb.

GEORGE S. BOUTWELL was born in Brookline, Massachusetts, January 28,

1818, and removed to Groton in 1835. He was engaged in mercantile

business as clerk and proprietor for several years, and subsequently

entered the profession of the law. From 1842 to 1850 he was a member

of the Massachusetts House of Representatives. In 1849 and 1850 he was

Bank Commissioner. In 1851 he was elected Governor of Massachusetts,

and served two terms. He was a member of the Massachusetts

Constitutional Convention of 1853. He was eleven years a member and

Secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education, and ten years a

member of the Board of Overseers of Harvard College. He was appointed

Commissioner of the Internal Revenue, in July, 1862, and organized the

Revenue system. In 1863 he took his seat as a Representative in

Congress from Massachusetts, and was re-elected to the Thirty-Ninth

and Fortieth Congresses. He is the author of a "Manual of the School

System, and School Laws of Massachusetts," "Educational Topics and

Institutions," "A Manual of the Revenue System," and a volume just

published, entitled "Speeches on Reconstruction."--31, 91, 442, 475,

526, 528, 536, 553.

_BENJAMIN M. BOYER_ was born in Montgomery county, Pennsylvania,

January 22, 1823. He graduated at the University of Pennsylvania, and

adopted the profession of law. In 1848 he was elected District

Attorney for the county of Montgomery. In 1864 he was elected a

Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-Ninth Congress, and was

re-elected to the Fortieth Congress.--54, 438.

ALLEN A. BRADFORD was born in Friendship, Maine, July 23, 1815. In

1841 he emigrated to Missouri, where he was admitted to the bar in

1843. He held the office of Clerk of the Circuit Court of Atchinson

County, and subsequently removed to Iowa, where he was appointed Judge

of the Sixth Judicial Circuit. Resigning this office in 1855, he went

to Nebraska, and became a member of the Legislative Council. Having,

in 1860, settled in Colorado, he was appointed Judge of the Supreme

Court for that territory, and held this office until he was elected a

delegate to the Thirty-Ninth Congress from Colorado. He was succeeded

in the Fortieth Congress by George M. Chilcott.

AUGUSTUS BRANDEGEE was born in New London, Conn., July 15, 1828. He

graduated at Yale College in 1849, and at the Yale Law School in 1851.

From 1854 to 1861 he served in the Connecticut Legislature, of which

he was Speaker in the latter year. He was a Presidential Elector in

1861, and was elected a Representative to the Thirty-Eighth Congress

from Connecticut in 1863, and was re-elected in 1865. He was succeeded

in the Fortieth Congress by Henry H. Starkweather.

HENRY H. P. BROMWELL was born in Baltimore, Maryland, August 26, 1823.

Having spent seven years of his boyhood in Ohio, he went to Illinois

in 1836, and came to the bar in 1853. He was subsequently an editor,

Judge of a County Court, and Presidential Elector. In 1864 he was

elected a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty-Ninth Congress,

and in 1866 was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress.--349, 538.

_JAMES BROOKS_ was born in Portland, Maine, November 10, 1810. When

eleven years old he became a clerk in a store. At sixteen he was a

school-teacher, and at twenty-one graduated at Waterville College.

After several years spent in traveling and writing letters for the

press, he was, in 1835, elected to the Legislature of Maine. In 1836

he established the "New York Daily Express," of which he has since

been chief editor. In 1847 he was elected to the General Assembly of

New York. In 1849 and again in 1851 he was elected a Representative in

Congress. In 1863 he was returned to Congress. In December, 1865, he

took his place as a member of the Thirty-Ninth Congress, but held it

only until the 6th of April following, his seat having been

successfully contested by William E. Dodge. In 1866 he was elected a

Representative from New York to the Fortieth Congress.--17, 20, 25,

335, 336, 568.

JOHN M. BROOMALL was born in Upper Chichester, Pennsylvania, in 1816.

Having received a common-school education, he devoted himself to legal

studies and pursuits. In 1861 he was a Presidential Elector. In 1862

he was elected to represent the Seventh Pennsylvania District in

Congress. Two years later was re-elected to the Thirty-Ninth Congress,

and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress.--223, 360, 439, 504.

B. GRATZ BROWN is grandson of John Brown, who was United States

Senator from Kentucky in 1805. He was born in Lexington, Kentucky, May

28, 1826. Having graduated at Yale College and studied law, he settled

at St. Louis, Mo., where he edited the "Missouri Democrat," from 1854

to 1859, and was a member of the State Legislature. He raised a

regiment at the breaking out of the war, which he commanded during its

term of service. He was among the foremost champions of freedom in

Missouri, and was elected a Senator in Congress from that State for

the term commencing in 1863 and ending in 1867. He was succeeded by

Charles D. Drake.--285, 477, 493.

_CHARLES R. BUCKALEW_ was born in Columbia County, Pennsylvania,

December 28, 1821. He was admitted to practice law in 1843, and was

elected Prosecuting Attorney for his native county in 1845. In 1850 he

was elected a Senator in the State Legislature, which office he held

for a series of years. In 1854 he was a Commissioner to exchange the

ratifications of a treaty with Paraguay. He was a Presidential Elector

in 1856, and Chairman of the State Democratic Committee in 1857. He

was appointed by President Buchanan Minister to Equador in 1858, and

held the position until 1861. He was, in 1863, elected United States

Senator from Pennsylvania for the term ending 1869.--296, 401, 413,

494, 532, 535, 547, 548.

RALPH P. BUCKLAND was born in Leyden, Massachusetts, January 20, 1812,

and was removed by his parents to Ohio in the same year. From 1831 to

1834 he was clerk in a large cotton commission house in New Orleans.

Returning to Ohio, he took an academical course of study at Kenyon

College. Having studied law, he was admitted to the bar in 1837. He

was a member of the Philadelphia Whig Convention of 1848. In 1855 and

1857 was elected to the Senate of Ohio. In 1861 he was appointed

Colonel of the Seventy-Second Ohio Infantry, and commanded a brigade

in the battle of Shiloh. He was promoted to the rank of Brigadier

General, and participated in the siege of Vicksburg. He was

subsequently assigned to the command of the District of Memphis, and

defeated Forrest in his attack on that city. At the close of the war

he was brevetted a Major General of Volunteers. In 1864, while absent

in the field, he was elected a Representative from Ohio to the

Thirty-Ninth Congress, and was re-elected in 1866.

HEZEKIAH S. BUNDY was born in Marietta County, Ohio, August 15, 1817.

Having been left an orphan when a mere boy, and the support of the

family devolving upon him, his opportunities for attaining an

education were limited. From 1835 to 1846 he was engaged in mercantile

pursuits, and subsequently turned his attention to farming and the

furnace business. Meanwhile he studied law, and was admitted to the

bar in 1850. He served two terms in the House of Representatives of

Ohio, and was, in 1855, elected State Senator. In 1860 he was a

Presidential Elector, and in 1864 he was elected a Representative from

Ohio to the Thirty-Ninth Congress. He was succeeded in the Fortieth

Congress by John T. Wilson.

_WALTER A. BURLEIGH_ was the Delegate from Dakota Territory in the

Thirty-Ninth Congress. He received a common-school education, studied

medicine, and practiced his profession for a number of years. He was

subsequently appointed an Indian Agent, and removed to the West. Soon

after the organization of the Territory of Dakota he was elected to

represent its interests in Congress, and was re-elected to the

Fortieth Congress.

WILLIAM B. CAMPBELL was born in Tennessee, and served as Captain of

mounted Volunteers in the Florida War. He served for some time in the

State Legislature, and was a Representative in Congress from 1837 to

1843. He commanded the first regiment of Tennessee Volunteers in the

Mexican War, and at its close he was elected a Circuit Judge. From

1851 to 1853 he was Governor of Tennessee. In 1865 he was elected a

Representative from Tennessee to the Thirty-Ninth Congress, but was

not admitted until July, 1866. He died of disease of the heart at his

residence in Lebanon, Tennessee, August 19, 1867.

ALEXANDER G. CATTELL was born in Salem, New Jersey, in 1816. He

received a commercial education, and began his business-life, as a

clerk, at the age of thirteen. Before reaching his majority he had

advanced to the head of a large and flourishing business. In 1840 he

was elected to the General Assembly of New Jersey, and in 1844 he was

a member of the Convention called to frame a new Constitution for that

State. He subsequently became the head of the extensive mercantile

house of A. G. Cattell & Co., of Philadelphia. During a residence of

nine years in that city he was several times elected to the City

Council, and was President of the Corn Exchange Association, which,

largely through his exertions, recruited and equipped two and a half

regiments for service in the late war. Having resumed his residence in

New Jersey, he was, in 1866, elected a Senator in Congress from that

State.--569.

ZACHARIAH CHANDLER was born in Bedford, New Hampshire, December 10,

1813. He received an academical education, and removed to Michigan,

where he engaged extensively in mercantile pursuits and in banking. In

1851 he held the office of Mayor of Detroit. In 1852 he was an

unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Michigan. He entered the United

States Senate, during the Thirty-Fifth Congress, as the successor of

General Cass. In 1863 he was re-elected to the Senate for the term

ending in 1869.--27, 397.

_JOHN W. CHANLER_ was born in the City of New York in 1826. In 1859

and 1860 he was a member of the General Assembly of New York. In 1862

he was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-Eighth

Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-Ninth and Fortieth

Congresses.--64, 156, 337, 338, 571.

J. FRANCISCO CHAVES was born in New Mexico in 1833. He studied

medicine in New York, and subsequently devoted several years to

mercantile pursuits and cattle-raising. In 1861 he entered the

military service as Major of the First New Mexico Infantry, and after

seeing much active service was mustered out as Lieutenant-Colonel. In

1865 he was elected a Delegate from New Mexico to the Thirty-Ninth

Congress.

DANIEL CLARK was born in Stratham, New Hampshire, October 24, 1809. He

graduated at Dartmouth College in 1834, and was admitted to the bar in

1837. From 1842 to 1857 he was repeatedly a member of the New

Hampshire Legislature. In 1857 he was elected a Senator in Congress

from New Hampshire, and in 1861 he was re-elected for the term ending

in 1867. At the close of the first session of the Thirty-Ninth

Congress he resigned his seat in the Senate, having been appointed U.

S. District Judge for New Hampshire.--28, 201, 202, 388, 453, 455,

456, 479.

READER W. CLARKE was born in Bethel, Clermont County, Ohio, May 18,

1812. He learned the art of printing, but subsequently studied law,

and was admitted to the bar in 1836. In 1840 and 1841 he was a member

of the Ohio Legislature. He was a delegate to the Baltimore Convention

of 1844, and was a Presidential Elector in the same year. For six

years succeeding 1846 he held the office of Clerk of the Courts of

Clermont County. He was a delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1860.

In 1864 he was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-Ninth

Congress, and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress.

SIDNEY CLARKE was born in Southbridge, Massachusetts, October 16,

1831. He adopted the profession of an editor, and published the

"Southbridge Press." He emigrated to Kansas in 1858, and settled in

Lawrence. In 1862 he was a member of the Kansas Legislature. He served

during the rebellion as Captain of Volunteers, and Assistant Provost

Marshal General for Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, and Dakota. In 1864 he

was elected the Representative from Kansas to the Thirty-Ninth

Congress, and was re-elected to the Fortieth.--88.

AMASA COBB was born in Crawford County, Illinois, September 27, 1823.

He emigrated to Wisconsin Territory in 1842, and engaged in the

lead-mining business. He served as a private in the Mexican War, and

at the close of this service he commenced the practice of law. He

served as District Attorney, State Senator, and Adjutant-General of

Wisconsin. He was subsequently a member of the State Legislature, and

was chosen Speaker. He was Colonel of the Fifth Wisconsin Regiment in

the war, and was elected a Representative from Wisconsin to the

Thirty-Eighth, Thirty-Ninth, and Fortieth Congresses.

_ALEXANDER H. COFFROTH_ was born in Somerset, Pennsylvania, May 18,

1828. He commenced the practice of law in 1851. He was a delegate to

the Charleston Convention in 1860, and was elected a Representative to

the Thirty-Eighth Congress. He appeared as a member of the

Thirty-Ninth Congress, but his seat was successfully contested by

William H. Koontz.

SCHUYLER COLFAX was born in New York City, March 23, 1823. He became a

printer, and settled in Indiana, 1836. He was for many years editor

and publisher of the "South Bend Register." In 1850 he was a member of

the Indiana Constitutional Convention. He was a delegate and secretary

of the Whig National Conventions of 1848 and 1852. He was elected a

Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-Fourth Congress, and has

been a member by re-election of each succeeding Congress. He was

elected Speaker of the Thirty-Eighth Congress, and was re-elected to

the same office in the Thirty-Ninth and Fortieth Congresses.--12, 20,

289, 306, 363, 501, 574, 576.

ROSCOE CONKLING, son of Alfred Conkling, a member of the Seventeenth

Congress, was born at Albany, in 1828. Having entered the profession

of law, he successively held the offices of District Attorney for

Oneida County and Mayor of Utica. In 1859 he took his seat as a member

of the Thirty-Sixth Congress from New York, and remained a

Representative in Congress by successive re-elections until the 4th of

March, 1867, when he entered the United States Senate as the successor

of Ira Harris.--328, 330, 348, 363, 481, 513, 514.

JOHN CONNESS was born in Ireland in 1822, and came to America when

thirteen years of age. He was an early emigrant to California, where

he engaged in mercantile and mining pursuits. In 1852 he was elected

to the State Legislature, and served in that capacity for a series of

years. In 1863 he was elected United States Senator from California

for the term ending in 1869.--540.

BURTON C. COOK was born in Monroe County, New York, May 11, 1819. He

received a collegiate education, and entered upon the profession of

law in Illinois. After serving as State Attorney for six years, he was

elected to the State Senate in 1852, and was a member of that body

until 1860. In 1864 he was elected a Representative from Illinois to

the Thirty-Ninth Congress, and was re-elected to the Fortieth

Congress.--223, 350, 351.

_EDMUND COOPER_ was born in Maury County, Tennessee. He graduated at

the Harvard Law School, and entered upon the practice of law at

Columbia, and afterwards at Shelbyville, Tennessee. He has served in

the Tennessee Legislature, and was a member of the Constitutional

Convention of 1865. In August, 1865, he was elected a Representative

from Tennessee to the Thirty-Ninth Congress, but was not admitted

until near the close of the first session. While waiting at Washington

to be admitted to Congress, he acted as Private Secretary to President

Johnson. In November, 1867, he was appointed by the President to act

as Assistant Secretary of the Treasury.

EDGAR COWAN was born in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, September

19, 1815. He graduated at Franklin College, Ohio, in 1839. Having been

at different times clerk, boat-builder, schoolmaster, and student of

medicine, he studied law and practiced the profession until 1861, when

he was elected United States Senator from Pennsylvania for the term

ending 1867. He was succeeded by Simon Cameron.--96, 100, 133, 135,

195, 216, 273, 429, 460, 487, 489, 496, 535, 564.

AARON H. CRAGIN was born in Weston, Vermont, February 3, 1821. He

studied law in Albany, New York, and in 1847 removed to Lebanon, New

Hampshire, where he practiced his profession. From 1852 to 1855 he was

a member of the New Hampshire Legislature. He was a Representative

from New Hampshire in the Thirty-Fifth and Thirty-Sixth Congresses. In

1865 he entered the Senate of the United States for the term ending in

1871.

JOHN A. J. CRESWELL was born in Port Deposit, Maryland, November 18,

1828. He graduated at Dickinson College in 1848, and was admitted to

the bar in 1850. He was successively a member of the Maryland House of

Delegates, Assistant Adjutant-General for the State and a

Representative in the Thirty-Eighth Congress. In 1865 he was chosen a

United States Senator for the unexpired term of T. H. Hicks,

deceased.--134, 136.

SHELBY M. CULLOM was born in Wayne County, Kentucky, November 27,

1829, and was removed to Illinois, when scarcely a year old, by his

parents, who settled in Tazewell County. He spent two years as a

student at the Mount Morris Seminary. Having studied law, he entered

upon the practice of his profession in Springfield, and was

immediately elected City Attorney. In 1856 he was elected to the State

Legislature, and was re-elected in 1860, and chosen Speaker of the

House. In 1856 was a Fillmore Elector for the State at large. In 1864

he was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty-Ninth

Congress. In 1866 he was re-elected by more than double his former

majority.--516.

CHARLES V. CULVER was born in Logan, Ohio, September 6, 1830. Having

settled in Western Pennsylvania, he engaged in business pursuits, and

especially in banking. He was largely concerned in railroads and other

public enterprises. In 1864 he was elected a Representative from the

Twentieth District of Pennsylvania to the Thirty-Ninth Congress. He

was succeeded in the Fortieth Congress by Darwin A. Finney.--575.

WILLIAM A. DARLING was born in Newark, New Jersey, December 17, 1817.

He shortly after settled in New York City, where he received a

commercial education, and devoted himself to the wholesale business.

He became a Director of the Mercantile Library Association, and served

eleven years as officer and private of the Seventh Regiment, National

Guard. From 1847 to 1854 he was Deputy Receiver of Taxes for New York

City. In 1860 he was a Presidential Elector, and in 1863 and 1864 was

President of the Union and Republican Organization of New York City.

In 1864 he was elected a Representative from New York to the

Thirty-Ninth Congress. He was nominated for the Fortieth Congress, and

was defeated by _Fernando Wood_ by 1600 majority, in a District giving

Hoffman (Dem.) for Governor nearly 6000 majority.--81.

_GARRETT DAVIS_ was born at Mt. Sterling, Kentucky, September 10,

1801. Having received an English and classical education, he studied

law, and was admitted to the bar in 1823. With his professional labors

he joined a considerable attention to agricultural pursuits. In 1833

he was elected to the Legislature, and was twice re-elected. He was a

member of the State Constitutional Convention in 1839. From the latter

year to 1847 he was in Congress, representing the District in which

Henry Clay resided, of whom he was a warm personal and political

friend. In 1861 he was elected a Senator in Congress from Kentucky,

and was re-elected in 1867.--24, 136, 171, 199, 208, 243, 287, 296,

430, 458, 460, 484, 493, 498, 531, 533, 534, 548, 572.

THOMAS T. DAVIS was born in Middlebury, Vermont, August 22, 1810.

Having removed to the State of New York, he graduated at Hamilton

College in 1831, and was admitted to the bar in Syracuse in 1833. He

has devoted much attention to business relating to railroads,

manufactures, and mining. In 1862 he was elected a Representative from

New York to the Thirty-Eighth Congress, and was re-elected to the

Thirty-Ninth. He was succeeded in the Fortieth Congress by Dennis

McCarthy.--63, 361.

HENRY L. DAWES was born in Cummington, Massachusetts, October 30,

1816. Having graduated at Yale College in 1839, he engaged

successively in school-teaching, editing a newspaper, and practicing

law. From 1848 to 1853 he was a member of the Legislature of

Massachusetts. In 1853 he was chosen District Attorney for the Western

District of the State, and held the office until 1856, when he was

elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Thirty-Fifth

Congress. He has been a member of every subsequent Congress, including

the Fortieth.--30, 478.

_JOHN L. DAWSON_ was born in Uniontown, Pennsylvania, February 7,

1813. He was educated at Washington College, adopted the profession of

law, and was, in 1845, appointed by President Polk United States

Attorney for the Western District of Pennsylvania. Since 1844 he has

been a member of most of the Democratic National Conventions. In 1850

he was elected a Representative to the Thirty-Second Congress, and was

re-elected to the Thirty-Third, in which he served as Chairman of the

Committee on Agriculture, and was the author of the Homestead Bill

which passed in 1854. In 1855 he was appointed by President Pierce

Governor of Kansas, but declined the office. In 1862 he was elected a

Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-Eighth Congress, and

was re-elected to the Thirty-Ninth. He was succeeded in the Fortieth

Congress by John Covode.--144, 505.

JOSEPH H. DEFREES was born in White County, Tennessee, May 13, 1812.

When eight years old he removed to Piqua, Ohio, and a few years after,

he entered a printing-office, in which he obtained the most of his

early education. In 1831 he established a newspaper in South Bend,

Indiana, and two years after removed to Goshen, where he engaged in

mercantile pursuits. In 1836 he was elected Sheriff of Elkhart County.

In 1849 he was elected to the House of Representatives of Indiana, and

in 1850 to the State Senate. In 1864 he was elected a Representative

from Indiana to the Thirty-Ninth Congress. His successor in the

Fortieth Congress is William Williams.

COLUMBUS DELANO was born in Shoreham, Vermont, in 1809. When eight

years old he removed to Mount Vernon, Ohio, where he studied law and

was admitted to the bar in 1831. In 1844 he was elected a

Representative from Ohio to the Twenty-Ninth Congress. In 1860 he was

a delegate to the Chicago Convention. In 1861 he was appointed

Commissary General of Ohio. Two years after he was a member of the

Ohio Legislature. In 1864 he was a delegate to the Baltimore

Republican Convention, and was in the same year elected a

Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-Ninth Congress. His successor

in the Fortieth Congress is _George W. Morgan_.--236, 285 539, 564.

HENRY C. DEMING was born in Connecticut. He graduated at Yale College

in 1836, and at the Harvard Law School in 1838. He had been a member

of the Lower House and Senate of Connecticut, and for six years Mayor

of Hartford, when in 1861 he went into the war as Colonel of the

Twelfth Connecticut Regiment. He participated in the capture of New

Orleans, and was Mayor of that city until 1868, when he returned to

his native State, and was soon after elected a Representative in the

Thirty-Eighth Congress, and was re-elected in 1865, He was succeeded

in the Fortieth Congress by _Richard D. Hubbard_.--31.

CHARLES DENISON was born in Wyoming Valley, Pennsylvania, January 23,

1818. He graduated at Dickinson College in 1839, and entered the

profession of law. In 1862 he was elected a Representative from

Pennsylvania to the Thirty-Eighth Congress, and was re-elected in

1864. He was succeeded in the Fortieth Congress by _George W.

Woodward_.

ARTHUR A. DENNY was born in Indiana, in 1822, and removed in boyhood

to Illinois. In 1851 he removed to Washington Territory, and was a

member of the Territorial Legislature from 1853 to 1861. He was four

years Register of the Land Office at Olympia, and was subsequently

elected a Delegate from Washington Territory to the Thirty-Ninth

Congress. He was succeeded by Alvan Flanders in the Fortieth Congress.

JAMES DIXON was born in Enfield, Connecticut, in 1814. He graduated at

Williams College in 1834, and soon after entered upon the practice of

law. In 1837 he was elected to the Legislature of Connecticut, and was

twice reëlected. He was a Representative in Congress from Connecticut

from 1845 to 1849. In the latter year he was elected to the State

Senate. He was elected United States Senator from Connecticut in 1857,

and was re-elected in 1863.--423, 425, 495, 548.

NATHAN F. DIXON, son of a Senator of the same name, was born in

Westerly, Rhode Island, May 1, 1812, and graduated at Brown University

in 1833. After attending the Law Schools at New Haven and Cambridge,

he was admitted to the bar in 1837. From 1840 to 1849 he was a member

of the General Assembly of Rhode Island, and after having served in

the Thirty-First Congress, was again elected to the Legislature. In

1863 he was elected a Representative from Rhode Island to the

Thirty-Eighth Congress, and entered upon his second Congressional term

in 1865. He was in 1866 re-elected to the Fortieth Congress.

WILLIAM E. DODGE was born in Hartford, Connecticut, September 4, 1805.

Early in life he went to New York City, where he engaged actively, in

business. He has been forty years at the head of one of the most

extensive manufacturing and importing establishments in the country.

He was many years President of the National Temperance Society, and

has long been a prominent promoter of benevolent enterprises in New

York City. Having established his right to the seat held by _James

Brooks_, he was admitted a member of the Thirty-Ninth Congress in the

spring of 1866. He was succeeded by _James Brooks_ in the Fortieth

Congress.--511, 568.

IGNATIUS DONNELLY was born in Philadelphia, November 3, 1831, and was

educated at the Central High School of his native city. He studied law

and was admitted to the bar in 1853. He emigrated to Minnesota in

1857, and two years after was elected Lieutenant Governor of that

State, and held the office two terms. In 1862 he was elected a

Representative from Minnesota to the Thirty-Eighth Congress, and was

re-elected to the Thirty-Ninth and Fortieth Congresses.--145,156, 333,

507, 238, 553.

JAMES R. DOOLITTLE was born in Hampton, New York, January 3, 1815. He

graduated at Geneva College in 1834, became a lawyer, and for several

years held the office of District Attorney for Wyoming County. In 1851

he removed to Wisconsin, and two years after was elected Judge of the

First Judicial Circuit of that State. In 1857 he was elected a United

States Senator from Wisconsin, and in 1863 was re-elected for the term

ending in 1869.--28, 38, 285, 408, 431, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, 462,

495, 501, 531, 532, 533, 541, 564.

JOHN F. DRIGGS was born in Kinderhook, New York, March 8, 1813. He

served an apprenticeship in the sash and door-making business, and

soon after set up as a master mechanic in New York City. He took no

part in politics until 1844, when he assisted in the reform movement

by which James Harper was elected Mayor of New York. He was soon after

appointed Superintendent of Blackwell's Island Penitentiary. In 1856

he removed to East Saginaw, Michigan, and was two years after elected

President of that town. In 1859 he was elected to the Michigan

Legislature. Two years after he was appointed Register at the Land

Office for the Saginaw District, and held the office until his

election as a Representative from Michigan to the Thirty-Eighth

Congress in 1862. He was returned by increased majorities to the

Thirty-Ninth and Fortieth Congresses.

EBENEZER DUMONT was born in Vevay, Indiana, November 23, 1814. He was

educated at the Indiana University, and adopted the profession of law.

In 1838 he was elected a member of the Indiana Legislature, and from

1839 to 1845 held the office of County Treasurer. He served in the

Mexican War as a Lieutenant Colonel, and was subsequently a member of

the State Legislature, a Presidential Elector, and President of the

State Bank. At the breaking out of the rebellion, he was appointed

Colonel of the Seventh Regiment of Indiana Volunteers, and fought in

the battle of Philippi, in West Virginia. Having been promoted to the

rank of Brigadier General, he commanded a brigade at the battle of

Murfreesboro. He was subsequently assigned to the military command of

Nashville, and from that place led an expedition against John Morgan,

capturing nearly all of his command. In 1862, while yet in the army,

he was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-Eighth

Congress, and was re-elected in 1864. His successor in the Fortieth

Congress is John Coburn.

EPHRAIM R. ECKLEY was born in Jefferson County, Ohio, December 9,

1812, and was admitted to the bar in 1837. From 1843 to 1853 he served

in the House of Representatives and in the Senate of Ohio. In the

Civil War he was Colonel of the Twenty-Sixth and Eightieth Regiments

of Ohio Volunteers. He fought in several battles, and at Corinth

commanded a brigade. In 1862 he was elected a Representative from Ohio

to the Thirty-Eighth Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-Ninth

and Fortieth.--447.

GEORGE F. EDMUNDS was born in Richmond, Vermont, February 1, 1828, and

was admitted to the bar in 1849. In 1854 he entered the Vermont

Legislature, and served three years as Speaker. In 1861 and 1862 he

served in the State Senate, and was the Presiding Officer of that

body. He was appointed to the vacancy in the United States Senate

occasioned by the death of Solomon Foot, and entered upon the duties

of that position in April, 1866.--559, 560.

BENJAMIN EGGLESTON was born in Corinth, New York, January 3, 1816. He

removed to Ohio in 1831, and gave his attention to commercial

pursuits. He has been identified with many important public

enterprises. He was for many years Chairman of the Board of Public

Works of Cincinnati, and President of the City Council. He was for

some years a member of the State Legislature. In 1860 he was a

delegate to the Chicago Convention, and was a Presidential Elector in

the election of that year. In 1864 he was elected a Representative

from Ohio to the Thirty-Ninth Congress, and was re-elected in 1866.

_CHARLES A. ELDRIDGE_ was born at Bridport, Vermont, February 27,

1821. He removed to the State of New York, where he was admitted to

the bar in 1846. In 1848 he removed to Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, and

served in the Senate of that State in 1854 and 1855. In 1862 he was

elected a Representative from Wisconsin to the Thirty-Eighth Congress,

and was returned to the Thirty-Ninth and Fortieth Congresses.--226,

242, 355, 419, 441, 476, 507, 539, 546.

THOMAS D. ELIOT was born in Boston, March 20, 1808. Having graduated

at Columbia College, Washington, in 1825, he settled as a lawyer in

New Bedford. Having served in both branches of the Massachusetts

Legislature, he first entered Congress in 1855 for an unexpired term.

In 1858 he was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the

Thirty-Sixth Congress, and has been returned to every succeeding

Congress, including the Fortieth.--31, 95, 138, 157 295, 296, 306,

347, 443.

JOHN F. FARNSWORTH was born of New England parentage, in Eaton, Lower

Canada, March 27, 1820, but was early removed to the Territory of

Michigan. In 1843 he settled in St. Charles, Illinois, and entered

upon the practice of law. In 1846 he left the Democratic Party with

which he had acted, and joined the "Liberty Party." In 1856 and again

in 1858 he was elected to Congress, from what was then known as the

Chicago District. In 1861 he raised the Eighth Illinois Cavalry

Regiment, of which he was Colonel until his promotion to the rank of

Brigadier General. The severe service in which he was engaged in the

Peninsular Campaign brought on a disability which necessitated his

resignation. In the fall of 1862 he was elected a Representative from

Illinois to the Thirty-Eighth Congress, and was re-elected in 1864 and

1866, on both occasions receiving the largest majorities given by any

district in the United States.--61, 333, 339, 448, 519, 537.

JOHN H. FARQUHAR was born in Frederick County, Maryland, December 20,

1818. With his widowed mother he removed to Indiana in 1833, and was

employed as civil engineer upon some of the earliest public

improvements of the State. In 1841 he was elected Secretary of the

Indiana Senate. In 1843 he was Chief Clerk of the Indiana House of

Representatives, and was the same year admitted to the bar in

Brookfield. In 1844 he was a delegate to the National Convention which

nominated Henry Clay. In 1852 he was candidate for Presidential

Elector on the Scott ticket, and in 1860 on the Lincoln ticket. In

1861 he was commissioned a Captain in the Nineteenth United States

Infantry, and was detailed as mustering and disbursing officer for

Indiana. In 1864 he was elected a Representative from Indiana to the

Thirty-Ninth Congress, and was succeeded by _William S. Holman_ in the

Fortieth Congress.

THOMAS W. FERRY was born in Mackinac, Michigan, June 1, 1827. He has

been occupied extensively in the lumber trade and in banking. In 1850

he was elected to the House of Representatives of Michigan, and in

1856 to the State Senate. For eight years he was an efficient member

of the Republican State Committee, and was a delegate and a

Vice-President of the Chicago Convention of 1860. In 1864 he was

elected a Representative from Michigan to the Thirty-Ninth Congress,

and was re-elected in 1866.

WILLIAM PITT FESSENDEN was born at Boscawen, New Hampshire, October

16, 1806. He graduated at Bowdoin College in 1823, and in 1827 entered

upon the practice of law in Portland, Maine. In 1832 he was a delegate

to the Convention which nominated Henry Clay. In the same year he was

elected to the Maine Legislature, and again in 1840. In 1841 he was

elected a Representative in Congress, and declined a re-election. In

1845, 1846, and 1853 he served his fellow citizens in the State

Legislature. In 1853 he was elected a United States Senator from

Maine, and was re-elected in 1859. Upon the resignation of Mr. Chase

as Secretary of the Treasury, in July, 1864, he was appointed to that

office. On the 4th of March following he resigned his seat in the

Cabinet, and re-entered the United States Senate, to which he had been

elected for the term ending in 1871. In the Senate he has held the

important positions of Chairman of the Finance Committee and of the

Joint Committee on Reconstruction. He has received the degree of LL.D.

from Bowdoin College and Harvard University--27, 42, 136, 271, 224,

373, 377, 380, 394, 412, 419, 431, 432, 453, 456, 540.

_WILLIAM E. FINCH_ was born in Ohio in 1822, and at the age of

twenty-one was admitted to the bar. In 1851 he was elected to the

State Senate. In the following year he was a delegate to the

Convention which nominated General Scott for President. In 1861 he was

again elected a State Senator. In 1862 he was elected a Representative

from Ohio to the Thirty-Eighth Congress, and was re-elected to the

Thirty-Ninth. He was succeeded by _Philadelph Van Trump_ in the

Fortieth Congress.--437, 462, 476, 519.

GEORGE G. FOGG was a newspaper editor, of New Hampshire, until his

appointment by President Lincoln as United States Minister Resident

for Switzerland. He made a considerable fortune while there by

investing his salary in United States Securities when they were very

low in Europe. At the opening of the second session of the

Thirty-Ninth Congress he took his seat in the Senate, having been

appointed to fill the unexpired term of Daniel Clark, which closed on

the 4th of March, 1867. He was succeeded by James W. Patterson.

SOLOMON FOOT was born in Cornwall, Vermont, November 19, 1802, and

graduated at Middlebury College in 1826. Having occupied some years in

teaching, he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1831. He was

for many years a member of the State Legislature of Vermont, and State

Attorney. From 1843 to 1847 he was a Representative in Congress. In

1851 he was elected a Senator in Congress from Vermont, was re-elected

in 1857, and again in 1863. For several years he held the office of

President _pro tem._ of the Senate. He died in Washington, March 28,

1866.--253, 269.

LAFAYETTE S. FOSTER, a lineal descendant of Miles Standish, was born

in Franklin, Connecticut, November 22, 1806. In 1828 he graduated at

Brown University, which honored him with the degree of LL.D. in 1850.

He was admitted to the bar in 1831. He was six times a member of the

Connecticut Legislature, and two years Mayor of the city of Norwich.

In 1855 he was elected a United States Senator for Connecticut, and

was re-elected in 1862. He was chosen President _pro tem._ of the

Senate at the extra session in 1865, and by the elevation of Andrew

Johnson to the Presidency became Acting Vice-President of the United

State. His service of twelve years in the Senate closed March 4, 1887,

when he was succeeded by Orris S. Ferry.--23, 137, 187, 288, 306, 497,

576.

JOSEPH S. FOWLER was born near Steubenville, Ohio. He was left

dependent on his own resources when very young, but by energy and

perseverance succeeded in attaining a thorough collegiate education.

Having adopted the profession of teaching, he was elected to a college

Professorship of Mathematics in Tennessee. He was subsequently for

some years at the head of a flourishing seminary of learning near

Nashville. He was conspicuous for his staunch loyalty, and when the

State Government passed out of the hands of the rebels he was elected

to the important office of Comptroller of Tennessee. In 1865 he was

elected a Senator in Congress from Tennessee, but with his colleagues

was not admitted to a seat until near the close of the first session

of the Thirty-Ninth Congress.--478.

FREDERICK T. FRELINGHUYSEN was born at Millstone, New Jersey, August

4, 1817. His grandfather, of the same name, was a member of the

Continental Congress, and was a United States Senator from 1793 to

1796. Young Frederick having been left an orphan at an early age was

adopted and reared by his uncle, Hon. Theodore Frelinghuysen. He

graduated at Rutgers College, and studied law. He was appointed

Attorney General of New Jersey in 1861, and was re-appointed in 1866.

On the 24th of January, 1867, he took his seat as a United States

Senator from New Jersey having been elected for the unexpired term of

_William Wright_, deceased, which will end March 4, 1869.--492, 497.

JAMES A. GARFIELD was born in Orange, Cuyahoga County, Ohio, November

19, 1831. He graduated at Williams College, Massachusetts, in 1856,

and was for some years principal of a flourishing Seminary of learning

at Hiram, Ohio. In 1859 and 1860 he was a member of the Ohio Senate.

In 1861 he entered the army as Colonel of the Forty-Second Regiment of

Ohio Volunteers, and in the following year was commissioned a

Brigadier General. He served as Chief of Staff to General Rosecrans.

He fought at the battles of Shiloh, Corinth, and Chicamauga. For

gallant service in the last named battle he was promoted to the rank

of Major General. In 1862 he was elected a Representative from Ohio to

the Thirty-Eighth Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-Ninth and

Fortieth Congresses.--144, 438, 450, 524, 540, 538, 553, 557.

_ADAM J. GLOSSBRENNER_ was born in Hagerstown, Maryland, August 31,

1810. He was apprenticed at an early age to the printing-business.

When seventeen years of age he journeyed westward, and became foreman

in the office of the "Ohio Monitor," and afterwards of the "Western

Telegraph." In 1829 he returned to Pennsylvania and settled in York,

and there published the "York Gazette." In 1849 he was elected

Sergeant-at-arms of the House of Representatives for the Thirty-First

Congress, and held the same office through the four following

Congressional terms. In 1861 he was private secretary to President

Buchanan. In 1864 he was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to

the Thirty-Ninth Congress.

_CHARLES GOODYEAR_ was born in Schoharie County, New York, April 26,

1805. He graduated at Union College in 1824, and entered upon the

practice of law in 1827. In 1839 he was elected to the New York

Legislature, and in 1841 was appointed First Judge of Schoharie

County. In 1845 he was elected a Representative to the Twenty-Ninth

Congress, and twenty years after was elected to the Thirty-Ninth

Congress. During the interval he devoted his attention to the business

of banking. His successor in the Fortieth Congress is _John V. L.

Pruyn_.

_HENRY GRIDER_ was born in Kentucky, July 16, 1796. He was a private

in the last war with England. He subsequently divided his attention

between agriculture and law. In 1827 and 1831 he was elected to the

Legislature of Kentucky, and in 1833 to the State Senate. As early as

1843 he was elected a Representative to Congress from Kentucky and

held the position until 1847. He was re-elected to the Thirty-Seventh,

Thirty-Eighth, and Thirty-Ninth Congresses. He died before the

expiration of the last term for which he was elected.--417, 570.

JAMES W. GRIMES was born in Deering, New Hampshire, October 16, 1816.

He graduated at Dartmouth College in 1836, and soon after removed to

Iowa, where he was, in 1838, elected to the first Territorial

Legislature. From 1854 to 1858 he was Governor of Iowa. In 1859 he was

elected a Senator in Congress, and was in 1865 elected for a second

term, which will end in 1871. In 1865 he received the degree of LL.D.

from Iowa College. He was a delegate to the Peace Congress of 1861.

For a number of years he has been Chairman of the Committee on Naval

Affairs.

JOSIAH B. GRINNELL was born in New Haven, Vermont, December 22, 1821.

He received a collegiate and theological education. In 1855, he went

to Iowa, where he turned his attention to farming, and became the most

extensive wool-grower in the State. He was four years a member of the

Iowa Senate, and two years a special agent for the General Post

Office. In 1862 he was elected a Representative from Iowa to the

Thirty-Eighth Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-Ninth. He was

succeeded by William Loughridge in the Fortieth Congress.--70, 153,

507, 572, 573, 574.

JOHN A. GRISWOLD was born in Rensselaer County, New York, in 1822. He

has been engaged in the iron trade and business of banking. He was

once Mayor of the City of Troy. In 1862 he was elected a

Representative from New York to the Thirty-Eighth Congress, was

re-elected in 1864, and again in 1866.--523.

_JAMES GUTHRIE_ was born near Bardstown, Kentucky, in 1795. Having

spent some years in trading with New Orleans as the owner of

flatboats, he settled in Louisville as a lawyer, at the age of

twenty-five. He was at one time shot by a political opponent, and was

in consequence laid up for three years. He served nine years in the

State Legislature and six years in the Kentucky Senate. He

subsequently took an active part in the banking business, and was

President of the Nashville and Louisville Railroad. He was President

of the Kentucky Constitutional Convention of 1851. In 1853 he became

Secretary of the Treasury under President Pierce. He was a delegate to

the Chicago Convention of 1864. In 1865 he was elected United States

Senator from Kentucky for the term ending in 1871.--46, 134, 160, 210,

214.

ROBERT S. HALE was born, in Chelsea, Vermont, September 24, 1822, and

graduated at the University of Vermont in 1842. He settled for the

practice of law at Elizabethtown, New York. He subsequently held the

position of Judge of Essex County, Regent of the University of New

York, and Presidential Elector. In 1864 he was elected a

Representative from New York to the Thirty-Ninth Congress, and was

succeeded in the Fortieth Congress by Orange Ferris.--82, 372.

_AARON HARDING_ was born in Greene County, Kentucky. He was admitted

to the bar in 1833. He was elected to the Kentucky Legislature in

1840. In 1861 he was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the

Thirty-Seventh Congress and was re-elected to the Thirty-Eighth and

Thirty-Ninth Congresses. His successor in the Fortieth Congress is _J.

Proctor Knott_.--361, 462.

ABNER C. HARDING was born in East Hampton, Connecticut, February 10,

1807. He practiced law in the State of New York, and subsequently in

Illinois. He was for many years engaged extensively in farming and

railroad management. In 1848 he was a member of the Illinois

Constitutional Convention, and subsequently of the Legislature. In

1862 he enlisted as a private in the Eighty-Third Illinois Infantry,

and became its Colonel. He was promoted to the rank of Brigadier

General. In 1864 he was elected a Representative from Illinois to the

Thirty-Ninth Congress, and was re-elected in 1866.--522.

_BENJAMIN G. HARRIS_ was born in Maryland, December 13, 1806. He was

for a time a student of Yale College, and afterwards studied at the

Cambridge Law School. He returned to his native State and engaged in

the practice of law and agriculture. He served for several years in

the Maryland House of Delegates. In 1863, and again in 1865, he was

elected a Representative to Congress from Maryland. In May, 1865, he

was arrested and tried by court-martial for violating the Fifty-Sixth

Article of War, and was declared guilty; but the President ordered the

sentence of the court to be remitted in full. He was succeeded in the

Fortieth Congress by _Frederick Stone_.

IRA HARRIS was born in Charleston, New York, May 31, 1802. He

graduated at Union College in 1824, and soon after entered upon the

practice of law in Albany, and for many years devoted attention

exclusively to his profession. In 1844 he was elected to the New York

Legislature, and served two terms. In 1846 he was a delegate to the

State Constitutional Convention, and was the same year elected to the

State Senate. In 1847 he was elected Judge of the Supreme Court, and

held the office twelve years. In 1861 he was elected a Senator in

Congress from New York for the term ending in 1867, when he was

succeeded by Roscoe Conkling.

ROSWELL HART was born in Rochester, New York, in 1821. He graduated at

Yale College in 1843, and was admitted to the bar in 1847, but entered

immediately upon mercantile pursuits. In 1864 he was elected a

Representative from New York to the Thirty-Ninth Congress. His

successor in the Fortieth Congress is Lewis Selye.

ISAAC R. HAWKINS was born in Maury County, Tennessee, May 16, 1818. He

was engaged in agricultural pursuits until twenty-two years of age,

when he commenced the study of law. In 1843 he settled, for the

practice of law, in Huntington, Tennessee, where he now resides. He

served as a Lieutenant in the Mexican War. In 1860 he was elected to

the Legislature of Tennessee. He was a delegate to the Peace Congress

of 1861, and in the spring and summer of that year was actively

engaged in making speeches throughout his State against secession. In

September, 1862, he entered the army as Lieutenant-Colonel of the

Seventh Tennessee Cavalry. In 1864 he was captured by the enemy at

Union City, Tennessee, and was imprisoned at Mobile and Macon. He was

one of the fifty officers placed by the rebels under fire of the

Federal force off Charleston. Having been exchanged, he commanded the

cavalry force in Western Kentucky until the close of the war. In

August, 1865, he was elected a Representative from Tennessee to the

Thirty-Ninth Congress, and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress.

RUTHERFORD B. HAYES was born in Delaware, Ohio, October 4, 1822. He

graduated at Kenyon College, and subsequently at the Cambridge Law

School. He was City Solicitor for Cincinnati from 1858 to 1861. He

went into the army at the opening of the war as Major of the

Twenty-Third Ohio Volunteers, and reached the rank of Brigadier

General. In 1864 he was elected a Representative from Ohio to the

Thirty-Ninth Congress. He was, in 1866, re-elected to the Fortieth

Congress, but having been elected Governor of Ohio in 1867, he

resigned his seat in Congress, and was succeeded by Samuel F. Carey.

JAMES H. D. HENDERSON was born in Livingston County, Kentucky, July

23, 1810. In 1817 he removed with his parents to Missouri, and learned

the printing business in Jefferson City. He subsequently published a

weekly newspaper at Bowling Green, Missouri. At the age of twenty-five

he entered the ministry of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, and

after preaching for a time in Missouri, he accepted the pastoral

charge of a congregation in Pennsylvania. Having held this position

eight years, he resigned in 1851, and soon after emigrated to Oregon.

There he engaged in agricultural pursuits, but was active in preaching

and lecturing against slavery, intemperance, gambling, and other

popular vices. He was elected to the office of Superintendent of

Common Schools for Oregon. In 1864 he was elected the Representative

from Oregon to the Thirty-Ninth Congress. He was succeeded by Rufus

Mallory.

JOHN B. HENDERSON was born in Virginia, November 16, 1826, and at ten

years of age removed with his parents to Missouri. He taught school as

a means of support while attaining an academical education. He studied

law, and was admitted to the bar in 1848. He was subsequently twice

elected to the Missouri Legislature. In 1856 he was a Democratic

Presidential Elector, and was a delegate to the Charleston Convention

of 1860. On the expulsion of Trusten Polk from the United States

Senate, he was appointed to fill the vacancy. In 1863 he was elected

for the full term, ending in 1869.--161, 377, 382, 386, 388, 461, 530,

531, 533, 534, 559.

_THOMAS A. HENDRICKS_ was born in Muskingum County, Ohio, September 7,

1819. He was educated at South Hanover College. He studied law at

Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, and settled in Indiana for the practice of

his profession. In 1848 he served in the State Legislature, and was a

prominent member of the Indiana Constitutional Convention of 1850. In

1851 he was elected a Representative in Congress from Indiana, and

served two terms. In 1855 he was appointed Commissioner of the General

Land Office, and held that office until his resignation in 1859. In

1860 he was the Democratic candidate for Governor of Indiana, and was

defeated by Henry S. Lane. In 1863 he was elected United States

Senator from Indiana, for the term ending in 1869.--28, 108, 136, 211,

218, 296, 306, 395, 432, 455, 459, 460, 491, 498, 531, 532, 533, 535,

548.

WILLIAM HIGBY was born in Essex County, New York, August 18, 1813. He

graduated at the University of Vermont in 1840, and practiced law in

New York until 1850, when he removed to California. Three years after

he was elected District Attorney of Cavaleras County, and held the

office until 1859. He was subsequently a member of the State Senate.

In 1863 he was elected a Representative from California to the

Thirty-Eighth Congress, and was successively re-elected to the

Thirty-Ninth and Fortieth Congresses.--356, 357, 358, 510, 575.

RALPH HILL was born in Trumbull County, Ohio, October 12, 1827, and

was left in early life entirely dependent upon his own exertions.

After taking an academical course of study, he attended the New York

State and National Law School at Ballston Spa, where he graduated to

the degree of LL.B., in 1851. In the following year he settled in the

practice of his profession at Columbus, Indiana. In 1864 he was

elected a Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-Ninth Congress.

His successor in the Fortieth Congress is Morton C. Hunter.--356.

_ELIJAH HISE_ was born in Pennsylvania, and removed in early life to

Lexington, Kentucky. Having studied law, he established himself in

Russellville, Kentucky, for the practice of his profession. He served

as member of the State Legislature and a Judge of the Superior Court

of Kentucky. He was long regarded as one of the moat eloquent and

effective political speakers of Kentucky. In 1865 he was elected a

Representative from Kentucky to the Thirty-Ninth Congress. In May,

1867, he was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, and a few days after

committed suicide, alleging the gloomy political prospects of the

country as a reason for the act. His successor in the Fortieth

Congress is Jacob S. Galladay.--511, 521.

PHINEAS W. HITCHCOCK was born in New Lebanon, New York, November 30,

1831. Having graduated at Williams College, Massachusetts, in 1855, he

studied law, and emigrated to Nebraska Territory in 1857. In 1861 he

was appointed by President Lincoln Marshal of the Territory, and held

this office until his election as a Delegate from Nebraska to the

Thirty-Ninth Congress.

_JOHN HOGAN_ was born in Ireland, January 2, 1805, and came with his

father to Baltimore, Maryland, in 1817. He was apprenticed to a

shoemaker, and obtained the rudiments of education in the Asbury

Sunday School. In 1826 he removed to Illinois, where he engaged in

mercantile pursuits. In 1836 he was a member of the State Legislature,

in 1838 Commissioner of the Board of Public Works, and in 1841

Register of the Land Office by appointment of President Harrison. He

removed to St. Louis, and engaged in mercantile pursuits and banking.

In 1857 he was appointed by President Buchanan Postmaster at St.

Louis. In 1864 he was elected a Representative to Congress from

Missouri, and was succeeded in the Fortieth Congress by William A.

Pile.

_E. D. HOLBROOK_ was born in Elyria, Ohio, in 1836. Having received a

common-school education, he studied law, and emigrated to Idaho. In

1864 he was elected the Delegate from that Territory to the

Thirty-Ninth Congress, and was re-elected in 1866.

SIDNEY T. HOLMES was born in Schaghticoke, Rensselaer County, New

York, in 1815. He received an academical education, and after having

spent five years in civil engineering, studied law, and entered upon

the practice of his profession in 1841. In 1851 he was elected Judge

and Surrogate for Madison County, and held the office until 1864, when

he was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-Ninth

Congress. His successor in the Fortieth Congress is John C. Churchill.

SAMUEL HOOPER was born in Marblehead, Massachusetts, February 3, 1808.

Having received a commercial education, he established himself as

merchant in Boston. He has long been a partner in the commercial house

of William Appleton & Co. In 1851 he was elected to the Massachusetts

House of Representatives, and in 1857 to the State Senate. In 1861 he

was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Thirty-Seventh

Congress, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of William

Appleton. He has been re-elected to the Thirty-Eighth, Thirty-Ninth,

and Fortieth Congresses.--30.

GILES W. HOTCHKISS is a member of the bar in Binghamton, New York. In

1862 he was elected a Representative from New York to the

Thirty-Eighth Congress, and was re-elected in 1864. He was succeeded

in the Fortieth Congress by William S. Lincoln.--523, 538.

JACOB M. HOWARD was born in Shaftsbury, Vermont, July 10, 1805, and

graduated at Williams College in 1830. Having taught in an academy and

studied law in Massachusetts, he removed to Michigan in 1832. In 1838

he was a member of the State Legislature, and in 1841 was elected a

Representative in Congress from Michigan. He subsequently served for

six years as Attorney General of the State. In 1862 he was elected to

a vacancy in the United States Senate, and in 1865 he was re-elected

for the term ending in 1871.--36, 196, 398, 423, 453, 455, 530.

TIMOTHY O. HOWE was born in Livermore, Maine, February 7, 1816. Having

received an academical education at the Readfield Seminary, he studied

law, and was admitted to the bar in 1839. He was elected to the

Legislature of Maine in 1845, and in the same year removed to Green

Bay, Wisconsin. Five years after he was elected a Circuit Judge, and

held the office until his resignation in 1855. In 1861 he was elected

a Senator in Congress from Wisconsin, and was re-elected in

1867.--421, 459.

ASAHEL W. HUBBARD was born in Haddam, Connecticut, January 18, 1819.

In 1838 he removed to Indiana, and engaged in school-teaching. He

entered upon the profession of law in 1841, and was in 1847 elected to

the Indiana Legislature, in which he served three terms. He removed to

Iowa in 1857, and was soon after elected Judge of the Fourth Judicial

District of that State. In 1862 he was elected a Representative from

Iowa to the Thirty-Eighth Congress, and was re-elected to the

Thirty-Ninth and Fortieth Congresses.

CHESTER D. HUBBARD was born in Hamden, Connecticut, November 25, 1814.

In the following year he was removed to Pennsylvania, and thence to

Wheeling, Virginia, in 1819. Having graduated at Wesleyan University,

Connecticut, in 1840, he returned to Wheeling, and engaged actively in

business pursuits. In 1852 he was elected to the lower House of the

Virginia Legislature. He was a delegate to the Richmond Convention

which passed the ordinance of secession, and opposed that movement

with so much ardor that he was expelled from the Convention. He was a

member of the Wheeling Convention which organized the restored

government of Virginia, and after the formation of the new State of

West Virginia, was elected to the State Senate. He was elected a

Representative from West Virginia to the Thirty-Ninth Congress, and

was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress.

DEMAS HUBBARD was born in Winfield, New York, January 17, 1806. Having

received an academic education he gave his attention to farming and

the practice of law. He was for many years a member and Chairman of

the Board of Supervisors of Chenango County, and from 1838 to 1840 was

a member of the New York Legislature. In 1864 he was elected a

Representative from New York to the Thirty-Ninth Congress. His

successor in the Fortieth Congress is William C. Fields.

JOHN H. HUBBARD was born in Salisbury, Connecticut, in 1805. He was

brought up a farmer and received a common-school education. He was

admitted to the bar in 1826. He was five years Prosecuting Attorney

for Litchfield County, and two terms a member of the State Senate. In

the spring of 1863 he was elected a Representative from Connecticut to

the Thirty-Eighth Congress, and was re-elected in 1865. He was

succeeded in the Fortieth Congress by _William H. Barnum_.--148.

_EDWIN N. HUBBELL_ was born in Coxsackie, New York, August 13, 1813.

Having received an academical education, he gave his attention to

manufacturing and farming, and held for some time the office of County

Supervisor. In 1864 he was elected a Representative from New York to

the Thirty-Ninth Congress. He was succeeded in the Fortieth Congress

by Thomas Cornell.

JAMES R. HUBBELL was born in Delaware County, Ohio, in 1824. Having

received a common-school education, he studied and practiced the

profession of law. He served four terms in the House of

Representatives of Ohio, of which he was twice the Speaker. In 1856 he

was a Presidential Elector. In 1864 he was elected a Representative

from Ohio to the Thirty-Ninth Congress. He was succeeded in the

Fortieth Congress, by Cornelius S. Hamilton, deceased.

CALVIN T. HULBURD was born in Stockholm, New York, June 5, 1809. After

having graduated at Middlebury College, Vermont, and studied law at

Yale College, he engaged in agricultural pursuits. In 1842 he was

elected to the Legislature of New York, and was twice re-elected. In

1862 he was elected a Representative from New York to the

Thirty-Eighth Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-Ninth and

Fortieth Congresses.

JAMES HUMPHREY was born in Fairfield, Connecticut, October 9, 1811,

and in 1831 graduated at Amherst College, of which his father, Rev.

Heman Humphrey, was President. After having been principal of an

academy in Connecticut, he studied law, and commenced the practice of

his profession in Louisville, Kentucky, where he remained only one

year. In 1838 he removed to the City of New York for the practice of

the law. In 1859 he was elected a member of Congress, and served one

term. After remaining in private life a few years, he was elected a

member of the Thirty-Ninth Congress, but died before its close, on the

16th June, 1866.--570.

_JAMES M. HUMPHREY_ was born in Erie County, New York, September 21,

1819. He received a common-school education and studied law. From 1857

to 1859 he was District Attorney at Buffalo. He was a member of the

State Senate from 1862 to 1865, when he was elected a Representative

from New York to the Thirty-Ninth Congress. He was re-elected to the

Fortieth.

_JOHN W. HUNTER_, a banker of Brooklyn, New York, was elected a

Representative from New York to the Thirty-Ninth Congress to fill the

vacancy occasioned by the death of James Humphrey. He took his seat

December 4, 1866. His successor in the Fortieth Congress is _William

E. Robinson_.--515.

EBEN C. INGERSOLL was born in Oneida County, New York, December 12,

1831. He removed with his father to Illinois in 1843. Having received

an academical education at Paducah, Kentucky, he studied law, and

located in Peoria, Illinois, for the practice of his profession. In

1856 he was elected to the Illinois Legislature. He served as Colonel

of Illinois Volunteers in the Civil War. On the death of Owen Lovejoy,

March 25, 1864, he was elected a Representative from Illinois for the

remainder of the Thirty-Eighth Congress, and was re-elected to the

Thirty-Ninth and Fortieth Congresses.--521.

THOMAS A. JENCKES was born in Providence, Rhode Island, in 1818.

Having graduated at Brown University in 1838, he entered upon the

profession of law. In 1863 he was elected a Representative from Rhode

Island to the Thirty-Eighth Congress, and was re-elected to the

Thirty-Ninth and Fortieth Congresses.--31, 320, 332, 340, 554.

_PHILIP JOHNSON_ was born in Warren County, New Jersey January 17,

1818, and removed to Pennsylvania in 1839. He was educated at

Lafayette College, and having studied law, he was admitted to the bar

in 1848. He was two years a member of the State Legislature, and was

Chairman of the Democratic State Convention in 1857. In 1860 he was

elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-Seventh

Congress, and was subsequently twice re-elected. He died before the

expiration of the term for which he was elected as a member of the

Thirty-Ninth Congress.--90, 570.

_REVERDY JOHNSON_ was born in Annapolis, Maryland, May 21, 1796. He

was educated at St. John's College, in his native town, and studied

law with his father. The first office which he held was that of State

Attorney. In 1817 he removed to Baltimore for the practice of his

profession, and was three years after appointed Chief Commissioner of

Insolvent Debtors. In 1821 he was elected to the Senate of Maryland,

and was re-elected for a second term. In 1845 he was elected a Senator

in Congress from Maryland, but resigned in 1849 to accept the position

of Attorney General, to which he had been appointed by President

Taylor. Subsequently he devoted many years to the uninterrupted

practice of his profession. He was a delegate to the Peace Congress of

1861, and was in the following year elected a United States Senator

from Maryland for the term ending in 1869.--24, 36, 96, 136, 163, 198,

203, 264, 270, 271, 384, 427, 454, 455, 461, 492, 528, 532, 533, 534,

547.

_MORGAN JONES_ was born in New York City, February 26, 1832, and was

educated at the school of St. James' Church. He adopted the business

of a plumber, which he conducted in the City of New York. He served as

a City Councilman for several years, and was subsequently elected a

member of the Board of Aldermen, of which he was made President. In

1864 he was elected a member of the Thirty-Ninth Congress, and was

succeeded in the Fortieth Congress by _John Fox_.

GEORGE W. JULIAN was born in Wayne County, Indiana, May 5, 1817. After

spending three years as school-teacher, he studied law, and commenced

the practice of the profession in 1840. In 1845 he was a member of the

State Legislature. Having become an earnest advocate of anti-slavery

principles, he attended the Buffalo Convention of 1848, which

nominated Van Buren and Adams, and subsequently, as a candidate for

Presidential Elector on their ticket made a laborious canvass of his

district. In 1849 he was Representative in Congress from Indiana. In

1852 he was a candidate for Vice-President of the United States on the

ticket with John P. Hale. In 1860 he was re-elected Representative in

Congress, and has since been a member of the Thirty-Eighth,

Thirty-Ninth, and Fortieth Congresses.--31, 74, 364, 516, 553, 554.

JOHN A. KASSON was born near Burlington, Vermont, January 11, 1822.

Having graduated at the University of Vermont, he studied law in

Massachusetts, and practiced the profession for a time in St. Louis,

Missouri. In 1857 he removed to Iowa, and was appointed a Commissioner

to report upon the condition of the Executive Departments of Iowa. In

1861 he was appointed Assistant Postmaster-General, but resigned the

position in the following year, when he was elected a Representative

to Congress from Iowa. He was re-elected in 1864 to the Thirty-Ninth

Congress. His successor in the Fortieth Congress is Grenville M.

Dodge.--72, 363, 525.

WILLIAM D. KELLEY was born in Philadelphia in the spring of 1814. He

was left an orphan when very young, dependent for support and

education wholly upon his own resources. Having been errand-boy in a

book-store, and copy-reader in a printing-office, in his fourteenth

year he apprenticed himself in a jewelry establishment. Having learned

his trade, he removed to Boston, where he remained four years working

at his trade, and giving, meanwhile, considerable time to reading and

study. Returning to Philadelphia, he studied law, and was admitted to

the bar in 1841. From 1846 for a period of ten years he held the

office of Judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia. In 1856,

on the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, he left the Democratic

party, and became the Republican candidate for Congress, but was

defeated. In 1860 he was a delegate to the Chicago Republican

Convention, and was, in the fall of the same year, elected a

Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-Seventh Congress, and

was re-elected to the Thirty-Eighth, Thirty-Ninth, and Fortieth

Congresses.--51, 58, 79, 348, 349, 438, 526.

JOHN R. KELSO was born in Franklin County, Ohio, March 23, 1831. At

the age of nine years he removed with his parents to North-western

Missouri, then a wilderness. After surmounting great obstacles he

succeeded in obtaining an education, and graduated at Pleasant Ridge

College in 1858. He soon after became principal of an academy at

Buffalo, Missouri. On the breaking out of the rebellion he was the

first in his county to volunteer in defense of the Union, and

immediately took the field as captain of a company of daring and

enterprising men. With his company he was detailed to hunt the

bushwhackers, who, from their hiding-places, were committing the most

atrocious outrages upon the loyal people. His name became a terror to

the rebels and guerrillas of the Southwest. He took part in over sixty

fierce conflicts, and in personal encounter killed twenty-six armed

rebels with his own hand. At the close of his service in the war he

was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Thirty-Ninth

Congress. He declined renomination, and resumed his profession of

teaching in Springfield, Missouri. His successor in the Fortieth

Congress is Joseph J. Gravelly.

_MICHAEL C. KERR_ was born in Titusville, Pennsylvania, March 15,

1827. He was left an orphan at the age of twelve years, and through

his own exertions obtained an academical education. He taught school

for a time, and, in 1851, graduated in the Law Department of the

University of Louisville, and soon after located in New Albany,

Indiana. In 1856 he was elected to the Legislature of Indiana, and

served two terms. In 1862 he was elected reporter of the decisions of

the Supreme Court, and held the office two years, publishing five

volumes of reports. In 1864 he was elected a Representative from

Indiana to the Thirty-Ninth Congress, and was re-elected to the

Fortieth Congress.--147, 236, 362, 510.

JOHN H. KETCHAM was born in Dover, New York, December 21, 1831. Having

received an academical education, he devoted his attention to

agricultural pursuits. In 1856 and 1857 he was a member of the New

York House of Representatives, and of the State Senate in 1860 and

1861. He entered the military service in 1862 as Colonel of the One

Hundred and Fiftieth New York Regiment, and became a Brigadier General

by brevet. He resigned his position in the army in March, 1865, having

been elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-Ninth

Congress. He was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress.--31.

SAMUEL J. KIRKWOOD was born in Hartford County, Maryland, December 20,

1813, and received an academical education in Washington. Having

removed to Ohio he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1843.

He was four years Prosecuting Attorney for Richland County, and was a

member of the Ohio Constitutional Convention in 1850. Having removed

to Iowa, he was elected to the State Senate in 1856. He was Governor

of Iowa from 1860 to 1864, and, in January, 1866, he was elected a

United States Senator from Iowa for the unexpired term of James

Harlan, ending in 1867, at which date he was succeeded by his

predecessor, who was re-elected.--487.

WILLIAM H. KOONTZ, a lawyer by profession, was elected a

Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-Ninth Congress. He

successfully contested the seat taken by Alexander H. Coffroth, and

was admitted near the close of the first session. He was, in 1866,

re-elected to the Fortieth Congress.--508.

ANDREW J. KUYKENDALL was born in Gallatin County, Illinois, March 3,

1815, and became a lawyer. From 1842 to 1846 he was a member of the

Illinois House of Representatives, and was, from 1850 to 1852, a

member of the State Senate. He was Major of the Thirty-First Illinois

Infantry, but resigned on account of ill health in the early part of

the war. In 1864 he was elected a Representative to Congress from

Illinois, and was succeeded in the Fortieth Congress by Green B.

Raum.

ADDISON H. LAFLIN was born in Lee, Massachusetts, October 24, 1823. He

graduated at Williams College in 1843. He afterward settled in

Herkimer County, New York, and became engaged extensively in the

manufacture of paper. In 1857 he was elected State Senator. In 1864 he

was elected a Representative to the Thirty-Ninth Congress, and was

re-elected in 1866.

HENRY S. LANE was born in Montgomery County, Kentucky, February 24,

1811. After having obtained an academical education, he studied law,

and removed to Indiana, where he engaged in the practice of his

profession. In 1837 he was elected to the Indiana Legislature. In 1840

he was elected a Representative in Congress from Indiana. He served

under General Taylor in the Mexican War as Lieutenant-Colonel of

Volunteers. He was President of the first Republican National

Convention which met in Philadelphia, July 4, 1856. In 1861 he was

elected Governor of Indiana, but resigned the office two days after

his inauguration to accept the position of Senator in Congress, to

which he was elected for the term ending in 1867. He was succeeded by

Oliver P. Morton.--213, 381, 383, 499, 532.

JAMES H. LANE was born in Lawrenceburg, Indiana, June 22, 1814. He

served as a soldier through the Mexican War, and soon after his return

in 1849 was elected Lieutenant-Governor of Indiana. He was an active

Democratic politician, and as such was elected a Representative in

Congress from Indiana in 1853. Soon after the close of his

Congressional term, he went to Kansas, where he actively aided in the

work of erecting a Free-State Government. He was President of the

Topeka and the Leavenworth Constitutional Conventions, and was elected

by the people Major General of the Free-State Troops. On the admission

of Kansas into the Union, he was elected a Senator in Congress from

that State. Soon after the breaking out of the Rebellion, he was

appointed by President Lincoln a Brigadier General of Volunteers. He

was a member of the Baltimore Convention of 1864. In 1865 he was

re-elected by the Legislature of Kansas a Senator in Congress. On the

1st of July, 1866, while at Fort Leavenworth on leave of absence from

the Senate on account of ill-health, he committed suicide.--171, 201,

279, 284, 285, 457, 569.

GEORGE R. LATHAM was born in Prince William County, Virginia, March 9,

1832. He engaged in teaching school, and while in that employment

studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1859. During the

Presidential Campaign of 1860, he edited a paper in Grafton, Virginia.

At the breaking out of the Rebellion, he entered the army as Captain,

and became Colonel of the Second Virginia Volunteers. In 1864 he was

elected a Representative from West Virginia to the Thirty-Ninth

Congress, and was succeeded in the Fortieth Congress by Bethuel M.

Kitchen.

GEORGE V. LAWRENCE, whose father, Joseph Lawrence, was a member of

Congress, was born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, in 1818. He

received a liberal education at Washington College, and engaged in

agricultural pursuits. He was in 1844 elected a member of the

Pennsylvania House of Representatives, and was three times re-elected.

He served five terms in the State Senate, of which, during his last

term of service, he was the Presiding Officer. In 1864 he was elected

a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-Ninth Congress, and

was re-elected in 1866.

WILLIAM LAWRENCE was born in Mount Pleasant, Ohio, June 26, 1819. He

graduated at Franklin College, Ohio, in 1838, and subsequently taught

school in McConnellsville. In 1840 he graduated in the Law Department

of Cincinnati College. In 1841 he located in Bellefontaine, Ohio, for

the practice of law. In 1842 he was appointed Commissioner of

Bankrupts for Logan County. In 1845 he was elected Prosecuting

Attorney, and in the same year became proprietor of the "Logan

Gazette," of which he was two years the editor. In 1846 he was elected

a Representative in the Legislature, and was re-elected in the

following year. In 1849 and 1850 he was a member of the Ohio Senate,

and again in 1854, having in the interval held the office of Reporter

for the Supreme Court. He was the originator of many legislative acts

of great importance to the State, among the rest one relating to land

titles, known as "Lawrence's Law," and the _Ohio Free Banking Law_,

similar in some respects to the existing National Banking Law. In 1854

he was one of the signers to a call for a State Convention in

opposition to the "Kansas-Nebraska Bill." In 1856 he was elected a

Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, and in 1861 was re-elected for a

term of five years. In 1862 he had command as Colonel of the

Eighty-Fourth Regiment of Ohio Volunteers for three months. In

September, 1863, President Lincoln gave him the commission of Judge of

the U. S. District Court of Florida, which he declined. In 1864 he was

elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-Ninth Congress, and

in 1866 he was re-elected.--343, 345, 520.

_FRANCIS C. Le BLOND_ was born in Ohio, and became a lawyer. In 1851

and in 1853 he was elected to the State Legislature and served as

Speaker. In 1862 he was elected a Representative from Ohio to the

Thirty-Eighth Congress, and was re-elected in 1864. His successor in

the Fortieth Congress is _William Mungen_.--243, 306, 519, 538, 547.

JOHN W. LEFTWICH was born in Bedford County, Virginia, September 7,

1826. He removed with his parents to Tennessee in 1834, and was

occupied in farm work in summer, and attending school in winter, until

twenty years of age. He served as a private in the Mexican War, and on

his return attended the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia,

where he graduated in 1850. He practiced medicine in Middle Tennessee

two years, and then removed to Memphis, where he was occupied with

mercantile pursuits until the breaking out of the war. Being loyal to

the Union, he found it necessary after the battle of Fort Donaldson to

cross the Federal lines. After the occupation of Memphis by the

Federal forces in June, 1862, he returned to find that his personal

property had been confiscated by the rebels. He resumed business,

however, and was elected President of the Memphis Chamber of Commerce

on its reörganization. He was elected a Representative from Tennessee

to the Thirty-Ninth Congress, to which, with his colleagues, he was

admitted in July, 1866. He was nominated for re-election by the

"Conservative Party," and was defeated by David A. Nunn.

BENJAMIN F. LOAN was born in Hardinsburg, Kentucky, in 1819. In 1838

he removed to Missouri and engaged in the practice of law. At the

breaking out of the rebellion he entered the army, and was appointed

Brigadier General. In 1862 he was elected a Representative from

Missouri to the Thirty-Eighth Congress, and was re-elected to the

Thirty-Ninth and Fortieth Congresses.

JOHN W. LONGYEAR was born in Shandaken, Ulster County, New York,

October 22, 1820. Having acquired an academical education, he removed

to Michigan in 1844. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar in

1846. In 1862 he was elected a Representative from Michigan to the

Thirty-Eighth Congress, and was re-elected in 1864. His successor in

the Fortieth Congress is Austin Blair.--447.

JOHN LYNCH was born in Portland, Maine, February 15, 1825. After

receiving an academical education he entered upon mercantile pursuits

in his native city. After serving two years in the State Legislature

he was, in 1864, elected a Representative from Maine to the

Thirty-Ninth Congress, and was re-elected in 1866.

_SAMUEL S. MARSHALL_ was born in Illinois, and was educated at

Cumberland College, Kentucky. He devoted himself to the practice of

law in Illinois, and was elected to the State Legislature in 1846. He

served two years as State Attorney, and, in 1851, was elected a Judge

of the Circuit Court, and held the office until 1854, when he was

elected a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty-Fourth Congress

and was re-elected in 1856. He was a delegate to the Chicago

Democratic Convention of 1864, and was the same year elected, a

Representative to the Thirty-Ninth Congress. He was re-elected in

1866.--148, 352.

GILMAN MARSTON was born in Orford, New Hampshire. In 1837 he graduated

at Dartmouth College, and in 1840 at the Dane Law School. He commenced

the practice of law in the following year, in 1845 he was elected to

the New Hampshire Legislature, and served four years. In 1859 he was

elected a Representative from New Hampshire to the Thirty-Sixth

Congress, and was re-elected in 1861. In June, 1861, he was appointed

Colonel of the Second Regiment of New Hampshire Volunteers, and in

1863 was promoted to the rank of Brigadier General. He participated in

many battles, and on the fall of Richmond retired from the army. Early

in 1865 he was re-elected a Representative in Congress from New

Hampshire. His successor in the Fortieth Congress is Jacob H.

Ela.--31.

JAMES M. MARVIN was born in Ballston, New York, February 27, 1809. He

spent his boyhood on a farm, and received an academical education.

When not in public life he has been occupied in managing a large

estate. In 1846 he was elected to the Legislature of New York, and

subsequently held, for three terms, the office of County Supervisor.

In 1862 he was elected a Representative from New York to the

Thirty-Eighth Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-Ninth and

Fortieth Congresses.

HORACE MAYNARD was born in Westborough, Massachusetts, August 30,

1814. He graduated at Amherst College in 1838. Soon after, he removed

to Tennessee, and was appointed Professor of Mathematics in the

University of East Tennessee. While holding this position he studied

law, and was admitted to the bar in 1844. He was a Presidential

Elector in 1852, and in 1856 was elected a Representative from

Tennessee to the Thirty-Fifth Congress, and was twice re-elected. He

was in Washington as a member of the Thirty-Seventh Congress when the

rebels took possession of Tennessee. His property was confiscated, and

his family was driven from their home in East Tennessee. He was a

delegate to the Baltimore Republican Convention of 1864, and was the

same year re-elected a Representative from Tennessee to the

Thirty-Ninth Congress, and was admitted to his seat in July, 1866. He

was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress.--17, 434, 478, 480, 506, 527.

JOSEPH W. McCLURG was born in St. Louis County, Missouri, February 22,

1818, and was educated at Miami University, Ohio. He subsequently

spent two years as a teacher in Louisiana and Mississippi. In 1841 he

went to Texas, where he was admitted to the bar, and became Clerk of a

Circuit Court. In 1844 he settled in Missouri as a merchant. At the

outbreak of the civil war he suffered severe losses at the hands of

rebels, and abandoning his business he served for a time as Colonel of

Cavalry. He was a member of the Missouri State Convention of 1862, and

was in that year elected a Representative from Missouri to the

Thirty-Eighth Congress, and was re-elected in 1864 and 1866.

_HIRAM McCULLOUGH_ was born in Cecil County, Maryland, September 20,

1813. He was educated at the Elkton Academy, studied law, and was

admitted to the bar in 1838. From 1845 to 1851 he was a member of the

Maryland Senate. In 1852 he was appointed by the Legislature one of

the codifiers of the laws of Maryland, and aided in making the present

code of that State. In 1864 he was elected a Representative from

Maryland to the Thirty-Ninth Congress, and was re-elected in 1866.

JAMES A. McDOUGALL was born at Bethlehem, New York, November 19, 1817,

and was educated at the Albany Grammar School. He assisted in the

survey of the first railroad ever built in this country. In 1837 he

removed to Illinois and engaged in the practice of law. In 1842 he was

chosen Attorney General of Illinois, and two years after was

re-elected. In 1849 he originated and accompanied an exploring

expedition to the far West. He soon after emigrated to California, and

in 1850 was elected Attorney General of that State. From 1853 to 1855

he served as a Representative in Congress from California. In 1861 he

was elected United States Senator for California for the term ending

with the expiration of the Thirty-Ninth Congress. He died in Albany,

New York, in the summer of 1867.--136, 137, 163, 277, 287, 432, 461,

533, 535.

WALTER D. McINDOE was born in Scotland, March 30, 1819. He emigrated

to New York City in his fifteenth year, and was a clerk in that city,

and afterwards in Charleston and St. Louis. He subsequently settled in

Wis-' cousin, and engaged in the lumber trade. In 1850 he was a member

of the Wisconsin Legislature, and was twice re-elected. In 1856, and

in 1860, he was a Presidential Elector. In 1862 he was elected a

Representative from Wisconsin to fill a vacancy in the Thirty-Seventh

Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-Eighth and Thirty-Ninth

Congresses. His successor in the Fortieth Congress is Cadwalader C.

Washburn.

SAMUEL McKEE was born in Montgomery County, Kentucky, November 4,

1833. In 1858 he graduated at the Miami University, Ohio, and

afterwards at the Cincinnati Law School in 1858. He subsequently

practiced law until 1862, when he entered the Union army as Captain of

the Fourteenth Kentucky Cavalry. He was thirteen months a prisoner in

Libby Prison. In 1865 he was elected a Representative from Kentucky to

the Thirty-Ninth Congress.--152, 361, 441.

DONALD McRUER was born in Maine in 1826. He received an academical

education, and engaged in mercantile pursuits. Removing to California,

he settled in San Francisco. He held for some time the office of

Harbor Commissioner for that State. In 1864 he was elected a

Representative from California to the Thirty-Ninth Congress. He was

succeeded by _Samuel B. Axtell_ in the Fortieth Congress.

ULYSSES MERCUR was born in Towanda, Pennsylvania, August 12, 1818. He

graduated at Jefferson College, in 1842, and was admitted to the bar

in the following year. In 1861 he was elected President Judge of the

Thirteenth Judicial District of Pennsylvania, for a term of ten years,

but resigned in 1864 when he was elected a Representative from

Pennsylvania to the Thirty-Ninth Congress. In 1866 he was re-elected

to the Fortieth Congress.

GEORGE F. MILLER was born in Chilisquaque, Northumberland County,

Pennsylvania, September 5, 1809. Having obtained an academical

education, he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1833. He was

for several years Secretary of the Lewisburg University. He took an

active interest in local politics, but frequently declined nominations

for County and State offices. In 1864 he was elected a Representative

from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-Ninth Congress, and was re-elected in

1866.--443, 510.

JAMES K. MOORHEAD was born in Pennsylvania, in 1806. He spent his

youth on a farm and as an apprentice to a tanner. He was a contractor

for building the Susquehanna branch of the Pennsylvania Canal, on

which he originated a passenger packet line. In 1836 he removed to

Pittsburg, where he became President of a company for the improvement

of the navigation of the Monongahela, and subsequently was President

of several telegraph companies. In 1859 he was re-elected a

Representative to the Thirty-Sixth Congress from Pennsylvania, and has

been re-elected to every succeeding Congress, including the

Fortieth.--31.

EDWIN D. MORGAN was born in Washington, Massachusetts, February 8,

1811. At the age of seventeen he became a clerk, and three years later

a partner in a wholesale grocery house in Hartford, Connecticut. In

1836 he settled in New York City, and embarked extensively in

mercantile pursuits. In 1849 he was chosen an Alderman of the city,

and soon after was elected a member of the State Senate, in which he

served two terms. Since 1856 he has been Chairman of the National

Republican Committee. In 1858 he was elected Governor of New York, and

re-elected in 1860. During his administration, 223,000 troops were

sent into the field from New York. Governor Morgan was appointed by

President Lincoln a Major General of Volunteers. In 1863 he was

elected United States Senator from New York for the term ending in

1869.

JUSTIN S. MORRILL was born in Strafford, Vermont, April 14, 1810. He

received an academical education, and subsequently gave his attention

to mercantile and agricultural pursuits. In 1854 he was elected a

Representative from Vermont to the Thirty-Fourth Congress, and was

re-elected to the Thirty-Fifth, Thirty-Sixth, Thirty-Seventh,

Thirty-Eighth and Thirty-Ninth Congresses. In 1867 he became a United

States Senator from Vermont for the term ending in 1873, succeeding

Luke P. Poland, who became the successor of Mr. Morrill as a

Representative in the Fortieth Congress.--17, 19, 29, 555.

LOT M. MORRILL was born at Belgrade, Maine, in 1815. He studied at

Waterville College, and was admitted to the bar in 1839. In 1854 he

was a member of the Maine Legislature, and in 1856 he was President of

the State Senate. In 1858 he was elected Governor of Maine, and was

twice re-elected. In 1861 he was elected United States Senator from

Maine for the unexpired term of Vice-President Hamlin. In 1863 he was

re-elected to the Senate for the term ending in 1869.--28, 204, 205,

207, 408, 484, 485, 489, 530.

DANIEL MORRIS was born in Seneca County, New York, January 4, 1812. He

was bred a farmer, taught school for a time, and finally became a

lawyer. Having been District Attorney for Yates County, and member of

the State Legislature, he was in 1862 elected a Representative from

New York to the Thirty-Eighth Congress, and in 1864 was re-elected.

His successor in the Fortieth Congress is William H. Kelsey.

SAMUEL W. MOULTON was born in Wareham, Massachusetts, January 20,

1822. Having acquired a common-school education, at the age of twenty

he emigrated to the West, and spent a year at Covington, Kentucky,

where he commenced the study of law. He subsequently went to

Mississippi, where he taught school, and continued the study of law.

In 1845 he settled in Illinois, and soon after commenced the practice

of law. In 1852 he was elected to the Legislature of Illinois, and was

continuously re-elected until 1859. He was the author of the

Free-School System of Illinois. He held the position of Chairman of

the Board of Education for a number of years. He was a candidate for

Presidential Elector on the Democratic ticket in 1856. On the breaking

out of the Rebellion he joined the Republican party, and was in 1863

elected President of the Union League of Illinois. In 1864 he was

elected Representative from the State at large to the Thirty-Ninth

Congress, and was succeeded by John A. Logan in the Fortieth

Congress.--149.

LEONARD MYERS was born in Attleborough, Pennsylvania, November 13,

1827. Having entered the profession of law, and settled in

Philadelphia, he became Solicitor for two municipal districts in that

city. He digested the ordinances for the consolidation of the city,

and has translated several works from the French. In 1862 he was

elected a member of the Thirty-Eighth Congress, and was re-elected to

the Thirty-Ninth and Fortieth Congresses.

_JAMES W. NESMITH_ was born in Washington County, Maine, July 23,

1820. When quite young, he removed to New Hampshire, emigrated to Ohio

in 1838, subsequently spent some time in Missouri, and finally settled

in Oregon in 1843. In 1853 he was appointed United States Marshal for

Oregon. In 1857 he was appointed Superintendent of Indian Affairs for

Oregon and Washington Territories. In 1861 he became United States

Senator from Oregon for the term ending in 1867, when he was succeeded

by Henry W. Corbett.

WILLIAM A. NEWELL is a native of Ohio, and a graduate of Rutger's

College. He studied medicine, and took up his residence in Allentown,

New Jersey. He was a member of Congress from that State from 1847 to

1851. In 1856 he was elected Governor of New Jersey, and held the

office till 1860. He was again elected a Representative to Congress in

1864, and was succeeded in the Fortieth Congress by _Charles Haight_.

_WILLIAM E. NIBLACK_ was born in Dubois County, Indiana, May 19, 1822,

and spent his early life on a farm. He attended the Indiana University

at intervals during three years, and afterwards devoted some time to

surveying and civil engineering. In 1845 he commenced the practice of

law, and in 1849 he was elected a Representative in the State

Legislature. In the following year he was elected to the State Senate.

In January, 1854, he was appointed Judge of the Third Judicial

Circuit, to fill a vacancy, and was, in the following fall, elected to

the office for the term of six years. In 1857 he was elected a

Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-Fifth Congress, and was

re-elected in 1859. After the close of the Thirty-Sixth Congress he

served one term in the State Legislature. In 1864 he was again elected

a Representative in Congress from Indiana, and was re-elected to the

Fortieth Congress.--526.

_JOHN A. NICHOLSON_ was born in Laurel, Delaware, November 17, 1827.

Having graduated at Dickinson College, Pennsylvania, he studied law,

and settled in Dover, Delaware, where he was admitted to the bar in

1850. In 1865 he entered Congress as a Representative from Delaware,

and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress.--361.

THOMAS E. NOELL was born in Perryville, Missouri, April 3, 1839. He

was admitted to the bar at nineteen years of age, and practiced until

1861, when he was appointed a Military Commissioner for the arrest of

disloyal persons. He subsequently went into the ranks of the State

militia, and reached the rank of Major. In 1862 he was appointed a

Captain in the Nineteenth Regiment of Regular United States Infantry.

In 1864 he was elected a Representative from Missouri to the

Thirty-Ninth Congress, and was re-elected in 1866.

DANIEL S. NORTON was born in Mount Vernon, Ohio, April 12, 1829. After

being educated at Kenyon College, he served in the Mexican War. He

subsequently went to California, and thence to Nicaragua, where he

spent a year. Returning to Ohio, he studied law, and was admitted to

the bar in 1852. He emigrated to Minnesota in 1855, and was, two years

after, elected to the State Senate, to which he was three times

re-elected. In 1865 he was elected a Senator in Congress from

Minnesota for the term ending in 1871.

JAMES W. NYE was born in Madison County, New York, June 10, 1815, and

entered the profession of law. In 1861 he was appointed by President

Lincoln Governor of Nevada Territory. He held this office until the

admission of Nevada into the Union, when he was elected a Senator from

the new State for the term ending in 1871.--425, 457.

CHARLES O'NEILL was born in Philadelphia, March 21, 1821. Having

graduated at Dickinson College, and studied law, he was admitted to

the bar in 1843. He served five years in the House of Representatives

and Senate of Pennsylvania. In 1862 he was elected a Representative to

the Thirty-Eighth Congress. In 1865 he entered upon his second term in

Congress, and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress.

GODLOVE S. ORTH was born near Lebanon, Pennsylvania, April 22, 1817.

He was educated at the Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg. In 1839 he

was admitted to the bar, and removed to Indiana, locating in

Lafayette. In 1843 he was elected to the Indiana Senate, and served

six years. A part of the time he was President of that body. In 1848

he was a Whig candidate for Presidential Elector. In 1861 he was a

member of the "Peace Congress." In 1862, Indiana being threatened with

a sudden invasion, the Governor made a call for volunteers to meet the

emergency. Mr. Orth immediately responded with two hundred men, who

elected him their Captain. He was placed in command of the U. S. Ram

"Horner," which cruised the Ohio river, and did much to restore and

maintain quiet along its shores. In 1862 he was elected a

Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-Eighth Congress, and was

re-elected to the Thirty-Ninth and Fortieth Congresses.--336.

HALBERT E. PAINE was born at Chardon, Ohio, February 4, 1826. Having

graduated at the Western Reserve College in 1845, he studied law, and

located in Cleveland. In 1857 he removed to Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He

entered the army in 1861 as Colonel of the Fourth Wisconsin Regiment,

and soon rose to the rank of Brigadier General. He lost a leg in June,

1863, at the last assault on Port Hudson. Resigning his commission in

1865, he was elected a Representative to the Thirty-Ninth Congress

from Wisconsin, and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress.--504,

506.

_DAVID T. PATTERSON_ was born at Cedar Creek, Green County, Tennessee,

February 28, 1819. He was educated at Meadow Creek Academy and

Greenville College. He followed for some time the business of a

paper-maker, but gave attention to the study of law, and was admitted

to the bar in 1841, and practiced in Greenville. Here he married a

daughter of Andrew Johnson. In 1854 he was elected Judge of the First

Judicial Circuit of Tennessee. In May, 1865, he was elected a United

States Senator from Tennessee for the term ending in 1869. After a

protracted consideration and discussion of his case, he was sworn in

near the close of the first session of the Thirty-Ninth

Congress.--478, 482.

JAMES W. PATTERSON was born in Hanniker, New Hampshire, July 2, 1823.

He graduated at Dartmouth College in 1848. He was Professor of

Mathematics in Dartmouth College from 1854 to 1859, and was then

transferred to the chair of Astronomy and Meteorology. He was four

years Secretary of the Board of Education of New Hampshire, and in

1862 he was a member of the State Legislature. He was elected a

Representative from New Hampshire to the Thirty-Eighth and

Thirty-Ninth Congresses. At the expiration of the latter Congress he

became United States Senator from Vermont for the term ending in 1873.

SIDNEY PERHAM was born in Woodstock, Maine, March 27, 1819. Until his

thirty-fourth year he was a farmer and a teacher. In 1852 he was

elected a member of the State Board of Agriculture, and served two

years. In 1855 he was a member of the Maine Legislature, and

officiated as Speaker. In 1856 he was a Presidential Elector. In 1858

he was elected Clerk of a County Court, which position he held until

1862, when he was elected a Representative from Maine to the

Thirty-Eighth Congress. He was re-elected to the Thirty-Ninth and

Fortieth Congresses.

CHARLES E. PHELPS was born in Guilford, Vermont, May 1, 1833. Having

graduated at Princeton College in 1853, he came to the Maryland bar in

1855. In 1862 he was made Lieutenant-Colonel of the Seventh Maryland

Volunteers, and was discharged, on account of wounds, in 1864. He was

elected a Representative from Maryland to the Thirty-Ninth Congress,

and was re-elected in 1866.--156.

FREDERICK A. PIKE was born in Calais, Maine, where he now resides. He

adopted the profession of law, and served some time as Attorney for

the County. He was several years a member, and during one term

Speaker, of the Maine House of Representatives. In 1862 he was elected

a Representative from Maine to the Thirty-Seventh Congress, and was

re-elected to the Thirty-Eighth, Thirty-Ninth, and Fortieth

Congresses.--348, 503, 504, 519, 553.

TOBIAS A. PLANTS was born in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, March 17,

1811. After teaching school for several years, he studied law, and was

admitted to the bar in 1841. Having settled in Ohio, he served in the

State Legislature from 1858 to 1861. In 1864 he was elected a

Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-Ninth Congress, and was

re-elected in 1866.--509.

LUKE P. POLAND was born in Westford, Vermont, November 1, 1815. Having

received an academical education he studied law, and was admitted to

the bar in 1836. In 1839 and 1840 he was Register of Probate for

Lamoille County. In 1843 he was a member of the State Constitutional

Convention, and in the following year was elected Prosecuting Attorney

for his County. In 1848 he was elected by the Legislature one of the

Judges of the Supreme Court of Vermont. This position he continued to

hold by annual elections until November, 1865, when he was appointed

to fill the vacancy in the United States Senate occasioned by the

death of Judge Collamer. His term of service in the Senate closing

March 4, 1867, he took his seat as a Representative from Vermont in

the Fortieth Congress.--28, 459.