[Picture: Decorative chapter heading]
The European powers who had taken the little nation of Greeks in charge,
finding that, as a republic with a president, they did nothing but
dispute and fight, insisted that the country should have a king, who
should govern by the help of a parliament.
But the difficulty was that nobody had any claim to be king, and the
Greeks were all so jealous of each other that there was no chance of
their submitting to one of themselves. The only royal family belonging
to their branch of the Church were the Russians; and France, England,
Austria, and all the rest were afraid of letting the great Russian power
get such a hold on the Mediterranean Sea as would come of Greece being
held by one of the brothers or sons of the Czar.
The first choice was very wise, for it was of one of the fittest men in
Europe, Prince Leopold of Saxe Coburg; and he accepted their offer at
first, but when he had had time to hear more in letters from Count Capo
d'Istrias, and found what a dreadful state the country was in, and how
little notion the people had of truth, honour, or obedience, he thought
he should be able to do nothing with them, and refused to come to Greece.
In the meantime the Greeks went on worse than ever. Capo d'Istrias was
murdered by the son and brother of a chief whom he had imprisoned; and
two bodies of men met, each calling itself a National Assembly--one at
Argos, the other at Megara--and there was a regular civil war, during
which the poor peasants had to hide in the woods and caves.
At last, in 1832, the second son of the king of Bavaria, Otho, a lad of
seventeen, was chosen king by the conference in London which was settling
the affairs of Greece. He was sent with a council to rule for him till
he should be of age, and with a guard of Bavarian soldiers, while the
French troops were sent home again; but the Ionian islands remained under
the British protection, and had an English Lord High Commissioner, and
garrisons of English troops.
Otho had been chosen so young that there might be the better chance of
his becoming one with his subjects, but he turned out very dull and
heavy, and caused discontent, because he gave all the offices he could
dispose of to his German friends rather than to Greeks, which perhaps was
the less wonderful that it was very hard to find a Greek who could be
trusted. At last, in 1843, the people rose upon him, forced him to send
away all his Bavarians, and to have Greek ministers to manage the
government, who should be removed at the will of the people.
His capital was at Athens, and as everyone wished to see the places which
had been made glorious by the great men of old Greece, there was such a
resort of travellers thither as soon to make the town flourish; but the
Government was so weak, and the whole people so used to a wild, outlaw
life, that the country still swarms everywhere with robbers, whom the
peasants shelter and befriend in spite of their many horrid crimes.
[Picture: The Isles of Greece]
When the English and French nations, in the year 1853, took up the cause
of Turkey against Russia, the Greeks much longed to have fought against
their old enemies; but the two allied nations sent a strong guard to
Athens, and kept them down. Otho had no children, and time did not draw
him and his people nearer together; and after a reign of about thirty
years, it was plain that the experiment had not succeeded. He resigned,
and went home to end his days in Bavaria.
The Greek crown was offered to several more princes, who refused it,
until George, the second son of the king of Denmark, accepted it in the
year 1868. At the same time the Ionian islands were made over by the
English Government to the crown of Greece, and the British troops
withdrawn. One of the first things that happened in King George's reign
was the murder of three English gentlemen--Mr. Herbert, Mr. Lloyd, and
Mr. Vyner--who had gone with a party to see the plain of Marathon. A
gang of robbers came and seized upon them and carried them off to the
hills, demanding a ransom. Lady Muncaster, who was of the party, was
allowed to return to Athens with her husband, the robbers intending that
the ransom should be collected; but troops were sent out to rescue the
prisoners, and in rage and disappointment the robbers shot them all
three. The robbers were captured and put to death, and the young king
was bitterly grieved at not having been able to prevent these horrors.
[Picture: Plain of Marathon]
Schools are doing what they can, and the Greeks are very quick-witted,
and learn easily. They are excellent sailors, clever merchants, and
ready linguists, and they get on and prosper very fast; but till they
learn truth, honesty, and mercy, and can clear their country of robbers,
it does not seem as if anything could go really well with their kingdom,
or as if it could make itself be respected. Yet we must recollect that
the old Eastern Empire, under which they were for many centuries, did not
teach much uprightness or good faith; and that since that time they have
had four hundred years of desperate fighting for their homes and their
creed with a cruel and oppressive enemy, and that they deserve honour for
their constancy even to the death. Let us hope they will learn all other
virtues in time.
[Picture: Decorative chapter ending]