AN OLD MAID
By Honore De Balzac
Translated by Katharine Prescott Wormeley
DEDICATION
To Monsieur Eugene-Auguste-Georges-Louis Midy de la Greneraye
Surville, Royal Engineer of the Ponts at Chausses.
As a testimony to the affection of his brother-in-law,
De Balzac
AN OLD MAID
CHAPTER I. ONE OF MANY CHEVALIERS DE VALOIS
Most persons have encountered, in certain provinces in France, a number
of Chevaliers de Valois. One lived in Normandy, another at Bourges,
a third (with whom we have here to do) flourished in Alencon, and
doubtless the South possesses others. The number of the Valesian
tribe is, however, of no consequence to the present tale. All these
chevaliers, among whom were doubtless some who were Valois as Louis XIV.
was Bourbon, knew so little of one another that it was not advisable
to speak to one about the others. They were all willing to leave the
Bourbons in tranquil possession of the throne of France; for it was too
plainly established that Henri IV. became king for want of a male heir
in the first Orleans branch called the Valois. If there are any Valois,
they descend from Charles de Valois, Duc d’Angouleme, son of Charles
IX. and Marie Touchet, the male line from whom ended, until proof to
the contrary be produced, in the person of the Abbe de Rothelin. The
Valois-Saint-Remy, who descended from Henri II., also came to an end
in the famous Lamothe-Valois implicated in the affair of the Diamond
Necklace.
Each of these many chevaliers, if we may believe reports, was, like
the Chevalier of Alencon, an old gentleman, tall, thin, withered, and
moneyless. He of Bourges had emigrated; he of Touraine hid himself; he
of Alencon fought in La Vendee and “chouanized” somewhat. The youth of
the latter was spend in Paris, where the Revolution overtook him when
thirty years of age in the midst of his conquests and gallantries.
The Chevalier de Valois of Alencon was accepted by the highest
aristocracy of the province as a genuine Valois; and he distinguished
himself, like the rest of his homonyms, by excellent manners, which
proved him a man of society. He dined out every day, and played cards
every evening. He was thought witty, thanks to his foible for relating
a quantity of anecdotes on the reign of Louis XV. and the beginnings
of the Revolution. When these tales were heard for the first time, they
were held to be well narrated. He had, moreover, the great merit of
not repeating his personal bons mots and of never speaking of
his love-affairs, though his smiles and his airs and graces were
delightfully indiscreet. The worthy gentleman used his privilege as a
Voltairean noble to stay away from mass; and great indulgence was shown
to his irreligion because of his devotion to the royal cause. One of his
particular graces was the air and manner (imitated, no doubt, from Mole)
with which he took snuff from a gold box adorned with the portrait of
the Princess Goritza,--a charming Hungarian, celebrated for her beauty
in the last years of the reign of Louis XV. Having been attached during
his youth to that illustrious stranger, he still mentioned her with
emotion. For her sake he had fought a duel with Monsieur de Lauzun.
The chevalier, now fifty-eight years of age, owned to only fifty; and he
might well allow himself that innocent deception, for, among the other
advantages granted to fair thin persons, he managed to preserve
the still youthful figure which saves men as well as women from an
appearance of old age. Yes, remember this: all of life, or rather
all the elegance that expresses life, is in the figure. Among the
chevalier’s other possessions must be counted an enormous nose with
which nature had endowed him. This nose vigorously divided a pale face
into two sections which seemed to have no knowledge of each other, for
one side would redden under the process of digestion, while the
other continued white. This fact is worthy of remark at a period when
physiology is so busy with the human heart. The incandescence, so to
call it, was on the left side. Though his long slim legs, supporting a
lank body, and his pallid skin, were not indicative of health, Monsieur
de Valois ate like an ogre and declared he had a malady called in the
provinces “hot liver,” perhaps to excuse his monstrous appetite. The
circumstance of his singular flush confirmed this declaration; but in a
region where repasts are developed on the line of thirty or forty dishes
and last four hours, the chevalier’s stomach would seem to have been a
blessing bestowed by Providence on the good town of Alencon. According
to certain doctors, heat on the left side denotes a prodigal heart.
The chevalier’s gallantries confirmed this scientific assertion, the
responsibility for which does not rest, fortunately, on the historian.
In spite of these symptoms, Monsieur de Valois’ constitution was
vigorous, consequently long-lived. If his liver “heated,” to use an
old-fashioned word, his heart was not less inflammable. His face was
wrinkled and his hair silvered; but an intelligent observer would have
recognized at once the stigmata of passion and the furrows of pleasure
which appeared in the crow’s-feet and the marches-du-palais, so prized
at the court of Cythera. Everything about this dainty chevalier bespoke
the “ladies’ man.” He was so minute in his ablutions that his cheeks
were a pleasure to look upon; they seemed to have been laved in some
miraculous water. The part of his skull which his hair refused to cover
shone like ivory. His eyebrows, like his hair, affected youth by the
care and regularity with which they were combed. His skin, already
white, seemed to have been extra-whitened by some secret compound.
Without using perfumes, the chevalier exhaled a certain fragrance of
youth, that refreshed the atmosphere. His hands, which were those of
a gentleman, and were cared for like the hands of a pretty woman,
attracted the eye to their rosy, well-shaped nails. In short, had it not
been for his magisterial and stupendous nose, the chevalier might have
been thought a trifle too dainty.
We must here compel ourselves to spoil this portrait by the avowal of a
littleness. The chevalier put cotton in his ears, and wore, appended to
them, two little ear-rings representing negroes’ heads in diamonds, of
admirable workmanship. He clung to these singular appendages, explaining
that since his ears had been bored he had ceased to have headaches (he
had had headaches). We do not present the chevalier as an accomplished
man; but surely we can pardon, in an old celibate whose heart sends
so much blood to his left cheek, these adorable qualities, founded,
perhaps, on some sublime secret history.
Besides, the Chevalier de Valois redeemed those negroes’ heads by so
many other graces that society felt itself sufficiently compensated. He
really took such immense trouble to conceal his age and give pleasure to
his friends. In the first place, we must call attention to the extreme
care he gave to his linen, the only distinction that well-bred men
can nowadays exhibit in their clothes. The linen of the chevalier was
invariably of a fineness and whiteness that were truly aristocratic. As
for his coat, though remarkable for its cleanliness, it was always half
worn-out, but without spots or creases. The preservation of that garment
was something marvellous to those who noticed the chevalier’s high-bred
indifference to its shabbiness. He did not go so far as to scrape the
seams with glass,--a refinement invented by the Prince of Wales; but
he did practice the rudiments of English elegance with a personal
satisfaction little understood by the people of Alencon. The world owes
a great deal to persons who take such pains to please it. In this there
is certainly some accomplishment of that most difficult precept of the
Gospel about rendering good for evil. This freshness of ablution and
all the other little cares harmonized charmingly with the blue eyes, the
ivory teeth, and the blond person of the old chevalier.
The only blemish was that this retired Adonis had nothing manly about
him; he seemed to be employing this toilet varnish to hide the ruins
occasioned by the military service of gallantry only. But we must hasten
to add that his voice produced what might be called an antithesis to his
blond delicacy. Unless you adopted the opinion of certain observers of
the human heart, and thought that the chevalier had the voice of
his nose, his organ of speech would have amazed you by its full and
redundant sound. Without possessing the volume of classical bass voices,
the tone of it was pleasing from a slightly muffled quality like that of
an English bugle, which is firm and sweet, strong but velvety.
The chevalier had repudiated the ridiculous costume still preserved by
certain monarchical old men; he had frankly modernized himself. He
was always seen in a maroon-colored coat with gilt buttons, half-tight
breeches of poult-de-soie with gold buckles, a white waistcoat without
embroidery, and a tight cravat showing no shirt-collar,--a last vestige
of the old French costume which he did not renounce, perhaps, because
it enabled him to show a neck like that of the sleekest abbe. His shoes
were noticeable for their square buckles, a style of which the present
generation has no knowledge; these buckles were fastened to a square of
polished black leather. The chevalier allowed two watch-chains to hang
parallel to each other from each of his waistcoat pockets,--another
vestige of the eighteenth century, which the Incroyables had not
disdained to use under the Directory. This transition costume, uniting
as it did two centuries, was worn by the chevalier with the high-bred
grace of an old French marquis, the secret of which is lost to France
since the day when Fleury, Mole’s last pupil, vanished.
The private life of this old bachelor was apparently open to all eyes,
though in fact it was quite mysterious. He lived in a lodging that was
modest, to say the best of it, in the rue du Cours, on the second floor
of a house belonging to Madame Lardot, the best and busiest washerwoman
in the town. This circumstance will explain the excessive nicety of his
linen. Ill-luck would have it that the day came when Alencon was guilty
of believing that the chevalier had not always comported himself as a
gentleman should, and that in fact he was secretly married in his old
age to a certain Cesarine,--the mother of a child which had had the
impertinence to come into the world without being called for.
“He had given his hand,” as a certain Monsieur du Bousquier remarked,
“to the person who had long had him under irons.”
This horrible calumny embittered the last days of the dainty chevalier
all the more because, as the present Scene will show, he had lost a hope
long cherished to which he had made many sacrifices.
Madame Lardot leased to the chevalier two rooms on the second floor of
her house, for the modest sum of one hundred francs a year. The worthy
gentleman dined out every day, returning only in time to go to bed. His
sole expense therefore was for breakfast, invariably composed of a cup
of chocolate, with bread and butter and fruits in their season. He made
no fire except in the coldest winter, and then only enough to get up
by. Between eleven and four o’clock he walked about, went to read the
papers, and paid visits. From the time of his settling in Alencon he had
nobly admitted his poverty, saying that his whole fortune consisted in
an annuity of six hundred francs a year, the sole remains of his former
opulence,--a property which obliged him to see his man of business (who
held the annuity papers) quarterly. In truth, one of the Alencon bankers
paid him every three months one hundred and fifty francs, sent down
by Monsieur Bordin of Paris, the last of the _procureurs du Chatelet_.
Every one knew these details because the chevalier exacted the utmost
secrecy from the persons to whom he first confided them.
Monsieur de Valois gathered the fruit of his misfortunes. His place at
table was laid in all the most distinguished houses in Alencon, and he
was bidden to all soirees. His talents as a card-player, a narrator, an
amiable man of the highest breeding, were so well known and appreciated
that parties would have seemed a failure if the dainty connoisseur was
absent. Masters of houses and their wives felt the need of his approving
grimace. When a young woman heard the chevalier say at a ball, “You are
delightfully well-dressed!” she was more pleased at such praise than she
would have been at mortifying a rival. Monsieur de Valois was the only
man who could perfectly pronounce certain phrases of the olden time.
The words, “my heart,” “my jewel,” “my little pet,” “my queen,” and the
amorous diminutives of 1770, had a grace that was quite irresistible
when they came from his lips. In short, the chevalier had the privilege
of superlatives. His compliments, of which he was stingy, won the good
graces of all the old women; he made himself agreeable to every one,
even to the officials of the government, from whom he wanted nothing.
His behavior at cards had a lofty distinction which everybody noticed:
he never complained; he praised his adversaries when they lost; he did
not rebuke or teach his partners by showing them how they ought to have
played. When, in the course of a deal, those sickening dissertations
on the game would take place, the chevalier invariably drew out his
snuff-box with a gesture that was worthy of Mole, looked at the Princess
Goritza, raised the cover with dignity, shook, sifted, massed the snuff,
and gathered his pinch, so that by the time the cards were dealt he
had decorated both nostrils and replaced the princess in his waistcoat
pocket,--always on his left side. A gentleman of the “good” century (in
distinction from the “grand” century) could alone have invented that
compromise between contemptuous silence and a sarcasm which might not
have been understood. He accepted poor players and knew how to make
the best of them. His delightful equability of temper made many persons
say,--
“I do admire the Chevalier de Valois!”
His conversation, his manners, seemed bland, like his person. He
endeavored to shock neither man nor woman. Indulgent to defects both
physical and mental, he listened patiently (by the help of the Princess
Goritza) to the many dull people who related to him the petty miseries
of provincial life,--an egg ill-boiled for breakfast, coffee with
feathered cream, burlesque details about health, disturbed sleep,
dreams, visits. The chevalier could call up a languishing look, he could
take on a classic attitude to feign compassion, which made him a most
valuable listener; he could put in an “Ah!” and a “Bah!” and a “What
DID you do?” with charming appropriateness. He died without any one
suspecting him of even an allusion to the tender passages of his romance
with the Princess Goritza. Has any one ever reflected on the service a
dead sentiment can do to society; how love may become both social and
useful? This will serve to explain why, in spite of his constant winning
at play (he never left a salon without carrying off with him about six
francs), the old chevalier remained the spoilt darling of the town. His
losses--which, by the bye, he always proclaimed, were very rare.
All who know him declare that they have never met, not even in the
Egyptian museum at Turin, so agreeable a mummy. In no country in
the world did parasitism ever take on so pleasant a form. Never did
selfishness of a most concentrated kind appear less forth-putting, less
offensive, than in this old gentleman; it stood him in place of devoted
friendship. If some one asked Monsieur de Valois to do him a little
service which might have discommoded him, that some one did not part
from the worthy chevalier without being truly enchanted with him, and
quite convinced that he either could not do the service demanded, or
that he should injure the affair if he meddled in it.
To explain the problematic existence of the chevalier, the historian,
whom Truth, that cruel wanton, grasps by the throat, is compelled to say
that after the “glorious” sad days of July, Alencon discovered that the
chevalier’s nightly winnings amounted to about one hundred and fifty
francs every three months; and that the clever old nobleman had had the
pluck to send to himself his annuity in order not to appear in the eyes
of a community, which loves the main chance, to be entirely without
resources. Many of his friends (he was by that time dead, you will
please remark) have contested mordicus this curious fact, declaring it
to be a fable, and upholding the Chevalier de Valois as a respectable
and worthy gentleman whom the liberals calumniated. Luckily for shrewd
players, there are people to be found among the spectators who will
always sustain them. Ashamed of having to defend a piece of wrong-doing,
they stoutly deny it. Do not accuse them of wilful infatuation; such
men have a sense of their dignity; governments set them the example of a
virtue which consists in burying their dead without chanting the Misere
of their defeats. If the chevalier did allow himself this bit of shrewd
practice,--which, by the bye, would have won him the regard of the
Chevalier de Gramont, a smile from the Baron de Foeneste, a shake of
the hand from the Marquis de Moncade,--was he any the less that amiable
guest, that witty talker, that imperturbable card-player, that famous
teller of anecdotes, in whom all Alencon took delight? Besides, in what
way was this action, which is certainly within the rights of a man’s own
will,--in what way was it contrary to the ethics of a gentleman? When
so many persons are forced to pay annuities to others, what more natural
than to pay one to his own best friend? But Laius is dead--
To return to the period of which we are writing: after about fifteen
years of this way of life the chevalier had amassed ten thousand and
some odd hundred francs. On the return of the Bourbons, one of his old
friends, the Marquis de Pombreton, formerly lieutenant in the Black
mousquetaires, returned to him--so he said--twelve hundred pistoles
which he had lent to the marquis for the purpose of emigrating. This
event made a sensation; it was used later to refute the sarcasms of
the “Constitutionnel,” on the method employed by some emigres in paying
their debts. When this noble act of the Marquis de Pombreton was lauded
before the chevalier, the good man reddened even to his right cheek.
Every one rejoiced frankly at this windfall for Monsieur de Valois,
who went about consulting moneyed people as to the safest manner of
investing this fragment of his past opulence. Confiding in the future of
the Restoration, he finally placed his money on the Grand-Livre at the
moment when the funds were at fifty-six francs and twenty-five centimes.
Messieurs de Lenoncourt, de Navarreins, de Verneuil, de Fontaine, and La
Billardiere, to whom he was known, he said, obtained for him, from the
king’s privy purse, a pension of three hundred francs, and sent him,
moreover, the cross of Saint-Louis. Never was it known positively by
what means the old chevalier obtained these two solemn consecrations of
his title and merits. But one thing is certain; the cross of Saint-Louis
authorized him to take the rank of retired colonel in view of his
service in the Catholic armies of the West.
Besides his fiction of an annuity, about which no one at the present
time knew anything, the chevalier really had, therefore, a bona fide
income of a thousand francs. But in spite of this bettering of his
circumstances, he made no change in his life, manners, or appearance,
except that the red ribbon made a fine effect on his maroon-colored
coat, and completed, so to speak, the physiognomy of a gentleman.
After 1802, the chevalier sealed his letters with a very old seal,
ill-engraved to be sure, by which the Casterans, the d’Esgrignons, the
Troisvilles were enabled to see that he bore: _Party of France, two
cottises gemelled gules, and gules, five mascles or, placed end to end;
on a chief sable, a cross argent_. For crest, a knight’s helmet. For
motto: “Valeo.” Bearing such noble arms, the so-called bastard of the
Valois had the right to get into all the royal carriages of the world.
Many persons envied the quiet existence of this old bachelor, spent
on whist, boston, backgammon, reversi, and piquet, all well played,
on dinners well digested, snuff gracefully inhaled, and tranquil walks
about the town. Nearly all Alencon believed this life to be exempt from
ambitions and serious interests; but no man has a life as simple as
envious neighbors attribute to him. You will find in the most out-of-the
way villages human mollusks, creatures apparently dead, who have
passions for lepidoptera or for conchology, let us say,--beings who will
give themselves infinite pains about moths, butterflies, or the concha
Veneris. Not only did the chevalier have his own particular shells,
but he cherished an ambitious desire which he pursued with a craft
so profound as to be worthy of Sixtus the Fifth: he wanted to marry a
certain rich old maid, with the intention, no doubt, of making her a
stepping-stone by which to reach the more elevated regions of the court.
There, then, lay the secret of his royal bearing and of his residence in
Alencon.