[1] For further information as to the evolution of the Athenian
constitution see ARCHON, AREOPAGUS, BOULE, ECCLESIA, STRATEGUS, and
articles on all the chief legislators.
[2] In the case of "animals," we may compare the Mosaic law of Exod.
xxxi. 28 and the old Germanic law (Grimm 664); and in that of
"inanimate objects," the English law of deodands (Blackstone i. 300),
repealed in 1846. See also Frazer on Pausanias, i. 28. 10.
[3] Cf. R. J. Bonner, in _Classical Philology_ (Chicago, 1907),
407-418, who urges that only cases belonging to the Forty were
subject to public arbitration.
[4] Connected either with [Greek: halizesthai], "to assemble," or
[Greek: helios], or [Greek: Helis] (cf. Curt Wachsmuth, _Stadt
Athen_, ii. (1) 359-364). The first is possibly right (cf. Rogers on
Aristoph. _Wasps_, xvii. f.); the second implies that this large
court was held in the open air (Lipsius, _Att. Recht_, 172).
GREEK LITERATURE.--The literature of the Greek language is broadly
divisible into three main sections: (1) Ancient, (2) Byzantine, (3)
Modern. These are dealt with below in that order.