principal wife, and all the others are subject to her. The King of
Tadore had a large house outside the city, where there were two hundred
of the ladies he was most fond of, and as many more to serve them. The
king eats alone, or with his principal wife, on a kind of raised dais,
from which he can see all the others sitting round, and he decides upon
the one who most pleases him to come to him. When the king’s dinner is
finished, the ladies all eat together if he permits it, or else each
one goes to eat in her own room. No one without special permission from
the king can see those ladies, and if anybody by day or by night were
found near their house he would be killed immediately. Each family is
bound to give one or two daughters to the king. Rajah Sultan Manzour
had twenty-six children, of whom eight were boys and eighteen girls. In
the island of Tadore there is a kind of bishop, and the one that was
there in our time had forty ladies and very many children.
On Tuesday, the 12th of November, the king had a house built in the
city for our merchandise, and it was built in one day. Thither we
carried all that we had to barter, and placed it in the custody of
three of our men, and the trade began at once. It was carried out in
this manner. For ten ells of red cloth of pretty good quality they
gave a bahar of cloves. A bahar is four quintals[369] and six pounds.
For fifteen ells of middling quality a bahar, for fifteen hatchets a
bahar, for thirty-five glass cups a bahar; and the king in this manner
had from us almost all our goblets: for seventeen cathils of cinnabar a
bahar; the same for as much quicksilver. For twenty-six ells of common
linen a bahar, and the same for twenty-five ells of finer linen; for
a hundred and fifty knives a bahar; for fifty scissors a bahar; for
forty caps a bahar; for ten Guzerat cloths a bahar; for three of their
cymbals two bahars: for a quintal of bronze a bahar. Almost all our
mirrors were broken, and the few that remained entire the king wished
to have. Many of the above-mentioned goods had been obtained by us by
the capture of the junks, which I have related; and the haste we were
in to return to Spain caused us to sell our goods at a lower price than
we should have done had we not been in a hurry.
Every day there came to the ships many boats laden with goats, fowls,
plantains, cocoanuts, and other victuals, that it was a wonder to see.
We supplied the ships with good water taken from a spring whence it
issued hot, but if it remains only one hour in the open air it becomes
very cold. They say that it comes out like that because it issues from
the mountain of the cloves. It may be seen from this how those lied
who said that fresh water had to be brought to Maluco from distant
countries.
The next day the king sent his son named Mossahap to the island of the
Mutir for cloves with which to freight our ships. We had spoken to the
king that day of some Indians whom we had captured, and he entreated us
to make a present of them to him, as he had the intention of sending
them back to their native country, accompanied by five men of Tadore,
who, on restoring them to their country, would praise and commend the
King of Spain and make a good name for the Spaniards. We gave him the
three ladies whom we had destined for the queen, as has been said
above, and all the men except those of Burné: he very much appreciated
this gift.
The king then asked another favour—that was, that we should kill all
the pigs we had on board, for which he would give an ample compensation
in fowls and goats. We gave him satisfaction in this, cutting their
throats and hanging them up under the deck, so that the Moors should
not have occasion to see them, since if by accident they see any pig
they covered their faces not to see it or perceive its smell.
In the evening of the same day Pedro Alfonso,[370] the Portuguese,
came in a prahu, but before he came on board the ships the king sent
to call him, and said to him, that although he belonged to Tarenate he
should take good care not to answer falsely to the questions we were
going to ask him. He indeed, after coming on board, told us that he
had come to India sixteen years ago, and of these years he had passed
ten in Maluco; and it was just ten years since those islands had been
discovered by the Portuguese, who kept the discovery secret from us. He
then related to us that a year, less fifteen days, had elapsed since
a large ship had come hither proceeding from Malacca, and had gone
away laden with cloves; but that, on account of the bad weather, she
had been obliged to remain some months at Bandam. He added that her
captain was Tristan de Meneses, a Portuguese, from whom, on asking what
news there was in Europe, he had heard that a squadron of five ships
had sailed from Seville to discover Maluco in the name of the King of
Spain, and that the captain of this squadron was Ferdinand Magellan,
a Portuguese, for which reason the King of Portugal, being angry that
a subject of his should attempt to do a thing so opposed to him, had
sent some ships to the cape of Good Hope, and others to the Cape Sta.
Maria,[371] where the cannibals are, to impede their passage, but they
had not fallen in with them. Having learned later that Magellan had
passed by another sea, and was making for Maluco by way of the west,
he had written to his Captain-Major of the Indies, named Diogo Lopez
de Sequeira, to send six ships to Maluco against the Spanish squadron.
But the captain-major, having at that time received information that
the Grand Turk was planning an expedition against Malacca, was obliged
to send against him sixty sail to the Straits of Mekkah, in the country
of Jiddah, where, however, they only found a few galleys which had
grounded near the beautiful and strong city of Aden, and they set fire
to them.
This enterprise, added De Lorosa, had prevented the captain-major
from immediately sending an expedition against Magellan; but a little
later he had sent to Maluco a great galloon with two rows of cannon,
commanded by Francisco Faria, a Portuguese: but neither did this one
come, for on account of the shoals and currents which are near Malacca,
and the contrary winds, it was unable to pass that promontory, and was
compelled to turn back.
He also related that a few days before a caravel with two junks had
come to these parts to get news of us. The junks had sailed to Bachian
to load cloves, with seven Portuguese on board. These men, who did
not respect the wives of the inhabitants, nor even those of the king,
notwithstanding the warning they had received from the king himself,
were all killed. The men of the caravel, on hearing of this, returned
in haste to Malacca, abandoning the junks with four hundred bahars of
cloves and as much merchandise as would have purchased another hundred
bahars. He also related that every year many junks go from Malacca to
Bandan to buy mace and nutmeg, and go thence to Maluco to purchase
cloves. They make the voyage from Bandan to Maluco in three days, and
employ fifteen in the voyage from Bandan to Malacca. He said, lastly,
that since ten years back the King of Portugal had derived great profit
from these islands, and he took especial care to keep these countries
concealed from and unknown to the Spaniards. He related many other
similar things, passing several hours in conversation with us: and we
said and did so much, offering him a large salary, that we made him
determine on coming with us to Spain.
Friday, the 15th of November, the king told us that he thought of
going himself to Bachian to get the cloves which the Portuguese had
left there, and asked us for presents to give to the two governors of
Mutir in the name of the King of Spain. Meanwhile, having come close to
our ships, he wished to see how we shot with the cross-bow, with guns,
and with a swivel gun, which is a weapon larger than an arquebuse. He
himself fired three times with a cross-bow, but he did not care to fire
with a gun.
Opposite Tadore there is another very large island, called
Giailolo[372], and it is so large that a prahu can with difficulty go
round it in four months. It is inhabited by Moors and Gentiles. The
Moors have two kings, one of whom, according to what the King of Tadore
related to us, has had six hundred children, and the other has had
five hundred and twenty-five. The Gentiles have not got so many women
as the Moors, and are less superstitious. The first thing they meet
in the morning when they go out of their houses is the object which
they worship throughout that day. The king of these Gentiles is named
Rajah Papua. He is very rich in gold, and inhabits the interior of the
island. There grow here among the rocks bamboos as thick as a man’s
leg, full of water, which is very good to drink. We purchased many of
them.
On Saturday the Moorish King of Giailolo came to the ships with many
prahus, and we made him a present of a green damask robe, two ells of
red cloth, some looking-glasses, scissors, knives, combs, and two gilt
goblets, which things pleased him very much, and he said to us that, as
we were friends of the King of Tadore, we were also his friends, since
he loved that king like one of his own sons. He invited us to come to
his country, promising to do us great honour. This king is powerful,
and held in sufficient respect throughout all these islands. He is very
old, and his name is Raja Jussu.
Sunday morning this same king came on board the ships and wished to
see how we fought, and how we discharged the bombards, at which he was
greatly pleased, for in his youth he had been a great warrior.
The same day I went on shore to see how the cloves grow, and this is
what I observed. The tree from which they are gathered is high, and its
trunk is as thick as a man’s body, more or less, according to the age
of the plant. Its branches spread out somewhat in the middle of the
tree, but near the top they form a pyramid. The bark is of an olive
colour, and the leaves very like those of the laurel. The cloves grow
at the end of little branches in bunches of ten or twenty. These trees
always bear more fruit on one side than on the other, according to the
seasons. The cloves are white when they first sprout, they get red as
they ripen, and blacken when dry. They are gathered twice in the year,
once about Christmas and the other time about St. John’s day, when the
air in these countries is milder, and it is still more so in December.
When the year is rather hot, and there is little rain, they gather in
each of these islands from three to four hundred bahars of cloves.
The clove tree does not live except in the mountains, and if it is
transferred to the plain it dies there.[373] The leaf, the bark, and
the wood, as long as they are green, have the strength and fragrance of
the fruit itself. If these are not gathered when just ripe they get so
large and hard that nothing of them remains good except the rind. It is
said that the mist renders them perfect, and indeed we saw almost every
day a mist descend and surround one or other of the above-mentioned
mountains. Among these people everyone possesses some of these trees,
and each man watches over his own trees and gathers their fruit, but
does not do any work round them to cultivate them. This tree does not
grow except in the five mountains of the five Maluco islands. There
are, however, a few trees in Giailolo and in a small island between
Tadore and Mutir named Mare, but they are not good.
There are in this island of Giailolo some trees of nutmegs. These are
like our walnuts, and the leaves also are similar. The nutmeg, when
gathered, is like the quince in form and colour, and the down which
covers it, but it is smaller. The outside rind is as thick as the green
rind of our walnuts, beneath which is a thin web, or rather cartilage,
under which is the mace, of a very bright red, which covers and
surrounds the rind of the nuts, inside which is the nutmeg properly so
called.
There also grows in Tadore the ginger, which we used to eat green;
instead of bread. Ginger is not a tree, but a shrub, which sends out
of the earth shoots a span long like the shoots of canes, which they
also resemble in the shape of the leaves, only those of the ginger are
narrower. The shoots are good for nothing; that which makes ginger is
the root. When green, it is not so strong as when it is dry, and to dry
it they use lime, or else it would not keep.
The houses of these people are built like those already described,
but are not so high above the ground, and are surrounded with canes
after the fashion of a hedge. The women here are ugly, and go naked
like the others, having only their middles covered with cloth made of
bark. The men also are naked, and notwithstanding that their women are
ugly, they are exceedingly jealous; and amongst other things which
displeased them, was that we came ashore without cloaks,[374] because
they imagined that might cause temptation to their wives. Both men and
women always go barefoot.
Since I have spoken of cloth, I will relate how they make it. They
take a piece of bark and leave it in water until it has grown soft;
they then beat it with wooden clubs to extend it in length and breadth,
as much as they please; thus it becomes like a veil of raw silk with
filaments enlaced within it, so that it appears as if it was woven.
Their bread is made with the wood of a tree like a palm tree, and
they make it in this way. They take a piece of this wood, and extract
from it certain long black thorns[375] which are situated there; then
they pound it, and make bread of it which they call sagu. They make
provisions of this bread for their sea voyages.
Every day there came from Tarenate many boats laden with cloves, but
we, because we were waiting for the king, would not traffic for those
goods, but only for victuals: and the men of Tarenate complained much
of this.
On Sunday night, the 24th of November, the king arrived, and on
entering the port had his drums sounded, and passed between our ships.
We fired many bombards to do him honour. He told us that for four days
we should be continually supplied with cloves.
In effect, on Monday he sent seven hundred and ninety one catils,
without taking tare. To take tare means to take spice for less than
what it weighs, and the reason of this is because when they are fresh,
every day they diminish in weight. As these were the first cloves which
we took on board, and the principal object of our voyage, we fired
our bombards for joy. Cloves are called _Gomode_ in this place; in
Sarangani where we took the two pilots they are called _Bonglavan_, and
in Malacca _Chianche_.[376]
Tuesday the 26th November the King came to tell us that for us he had
done what a King never does here, that was to leave his own island; but
he had gone to show the affection he had for the King of Castile, and
because when we had got our cargo, we could sooner return to Spain,
and afterwards return with greater forces to avenge the death of his
father, who had been killed in an island called Buru, and his body had
been thrown into the sea.
He afterwards added that it was the custom in Tadore, when the first
cloves were embarked in a vessel, or in junks, that the king gave a
feast to their crews and merchants, and they made prayers to God to
bring them in safety to their port. He wished to do the same for us,
and at the same time the feast would serve for the King of Bachian,
who was coming with a brother of his to pay him a visit, and on that
account he had the streets cleaned. Hearing this, some of us began
to suspect some treachery; all the more because we learned that, not
long before, three Portuguese of the companions of Francisco Serrano
had been assassinated at the place where we got water, by some of the
islanders concealed in the thickets; also we often saw them whispering
with the Indians whom we had made prisoners. Therefore, although some
of us were inclined to accept the invitation, we concluded not to
betake ourselves thither, recollecting the unfortunate feast given to
our men in the island of Zubu, and we decided on a speedy departure.
Meantime a message was sent to the king to thank him, and to ask
him to come soon to the ships, where we would deliver to him the
four men we had promised him, with the goods which we had destined
for him. The King came soon, and on entering the ship, as though he
had observed that we had doubts, said that he entered with as much
confidence and security as into his own house. He made us feel how
much he was displeased by our unexpected haste to depart, since ships
used to employ thirty days in taking in their cargo; and that if he
had made a journey out of the island, he certainly had not done it to
injure us but to assist us, so that we might more speedily obtain the
cloves which we required, and a part of which we were still expecting.
He added that it was not then a fit season for navigating in those
seas, on account of the many shoals near Bandan, and besides it would
be a likely thing that we should fall in with some Portuguese ships.
When, in spite of what he had said, he saw we were still determined on
going away, he said that we must take back all that we had given him,
since the Kings, his neighbours, would consider him as a man without
reputation for receiving so many presents in the name of so great a
king as the King of Spain, and he had given nothing in return, and
perhaps they would suspect that the Spaniards had gone away in such
haste for fear of some treachery, so that they would fix upon him the
name of traitor. Then, in order that no suspicion might remain in
our minds of his honesty and good faith, he ordered his Koran to be
brought, and kissing it devoutly he placed it four or five times on
his head whilst whispering certain words to himself, with a rite which
they call Zambehan,[377] and he said in the presence of us all, that
he swore by Allah and by the Koran, which he held in his hand, that
he would ever be faithful and a friend to the King of Spain. He said
all this almost weeping and with so great an appearance of sincerity
and cordiality, that we promised to prolong our sojourn at Tadore for
another fortnight. We then gave him the Royal signature and standard.
We learned later, by a sure and certain channel, that some of the
chiefs of those islands had indeed counselled him to kill all of us,
by which thing he would have acquired for himself great merit with the
Portuguese, who would have given him good assistance to avenge himself
on the King of Bachian, but he, loyal and constant to the King of
Spain, with whom he had sworn a peace, had answered that he would never
do such an act on any account whatever.
Wednesday, the 27th November, the king issued a proclamation that
whoever had cloves might freely sell them to us. For which reason all
that and the following day, we bought cloves like mad.[378]
Friday, in the afternoon, the governor of Machian came with many
prahus, but he would not come on shore, because his father and his
brother, who had been banished from Machian, had taken refuge here.
The following day the King of Tadore, with his nephew, the governor,
named Humai, a man of twenty-five years of age, came on board the
ships, and the king, on hearing that we had no more cloth, sent to
fetch from his house six ells of red cloth, and gave them to us in
order that we might, by adding other objects, make a fitting present to
the governor. We made him the present, and he thanked us much, and said
that soon he would send us plenty of cloves. At his departure from the
ship we fired several bombards.
Sunday the 1st day of December, the above-mentioned governor departed
from Tadore; and we were told that the king had made him a present of
some silk cloths and drums, for him to send us the cloves sooner. On
Monday, the king himself went again out of the island for the same
object. Wednesday morning, as it was the day of St. Barbara,[379] and
on account of the King’s arrival all the artillery was discharged. The
king came to the beach to see how we fired rockets and fire balls, and
took great pleasure in them.
Thursday and Friday we purchased a good many cloves both in the city
and at the ships at a much lower price, as the time of our departure
grew nearer. For four ells of riband[380] they gave a bahar of cloves,
for two little chains of brass which were worth a marcello,[381] they
gave us a hundred pounds; and at last each man being desirous of having
his portion of the cargo, and as there were no more goods to give in
exchange for cloves, one gave his cloak, another his coat, and another
a shirt or other clothes to obtain them.
On Saturday three sons of the King of Tarenate, with their wives, who
were daughters of our King of Tadore, and afterwards Pedro Alfonso,
the Portuguese, came to the ships. We gave a gilt glass goblet to each
of the brothers, and to the three wives scissors and other things;
and when they went away we fired several bombards in their honour. We
afterwards sent on shore a present of several things to the widow of
the King of Tarenate, daughter of the King Tadore, who had not ventured
to come on board the ships.
Sunday the 8th December, we fired many bombards, rockets, and fireballs
to celebrate the Conception of our Lady. Monday in the afternoon, the
King came to the ships with three women who carried his betel. It is to
be observed that no one can take women about with him except the king.
Afterwards the King of Giailolo came to see again our gun exercise.
Some days later, as the day of our departure grew near, the king
showed us a sincere affection, and among other obliging things, said to
us that it seemed to him that he was a sucking child whom its mother
was about to leave, and that he remained disconsolate all the more
now that he had become acquainted with us and liked several things of
Spain, for which reason he entreated us not to delay our return thence
to Tadore. Meantime, he begged us to leave him some of our swivel
guns[382] for his own defence. He warned us at the same time not to
navigate except by daylight, on account of the shoals and reefs which
exist in these seas; but we answered him that because of our need to
arrive in Spain as soon as possible, we were obliged to navigate night
and day: he then added that, being unable to do anything else, he would
pray God every day to bring us home in safety.
During this time Pedro Alfonso de Lorosa had come to the ships with his
wife and property to return with us. Two days after, Kechilideroix,
son of the King of Tarenate, came with a prahu well filled with men,
and approaching the ships requested Lorosa to come into his prahu;
but Lorosa, who suspected him, refused to do so, and told him he had
determined on going away with those ships to Spain. For the same
suspicion he advised us not to receive him in the ships; and we did
not choose that he should come on board when he asked to do so. It was
known later that Kechili was a great friend of the Portuguese captain
of Malacca, and had the intention of seizing Lorosa and of conducting
him thither; and on that account he severely reprimanded those persons
with whom this Portuguese lived, for having let him depart without his
permission.
The king had informed us that the King of Bachian would soon arrive,
with a brother of his who was going to marry one of his daughters, and
had asked us to do him honour by firing bombards on his arrival. He
arrived on Sunday the 15th of December, in the afternoon, and we did
him honour as the king had desired; we did not, however, discharge the
heavier cannon, as we were heavily laden. The king and his brother
came in a prahu with three banks of rowers on each side, a hundred
and twenty in number. The prahu was adorned with many streamers made
of white, yellow and red parrot’s feathers. They were sounding many
cymbals, and that sound served to give the measure to the rowers
to keep time. In two other prahus were the damsels who were to be
presented to the bride. They returned us the salute by going round the
ships and round the port.
As it is the custom that no king disembarks on the land of another
king, the King of Tadore came to visit him of Bachian in his own prahu:
this one, seeing the other coming, rose from the carpet on which he was
sitting, and placed himself on one side to make way for the king of the
country: but he, out of ceremony, would not sit on the carpet, but sat
on the other side of it, leaving the carpet between them. Then the King
of Bachian gave to him of Tadore five hundred _patol_, as if in payment
of the daughter he was giving as a wife to his brother. _Patols_ are
cloths of gold and silk worked in China, and are very much prized in
these islands. Each of these cloths is paid for with three bahars of
cloves more or less, according as they are more or less rich in gold
and embroidery. Whenever one of the chief men die, his relations put on
these cloths to do him honour.