knocking knocker, 423;
collective instinct of, 435, 436;
general remarks on psychology of, as influenced by
domestication, 437, 438;
memory of, 438;
emotions of, 438-45;
pride and sensitiveness, 439-42;
intolerance of pain, 441;
emulation and jealousy, 442, 443;
sense of justice, 443;
deceitfulness, 443, 444;
sense of ludicrous and dislike of ridicule, 444, 445;
general intelligence of, 445-70;
communicating ideas, 445-7;
instances of reason, 447-69
_Dolomedes fimbriata_, 213
_Doras_, 248
D'Osbonville, on monkeys administering corporal chastisement
to their young, 482, 483
Dreaming, of birds, 269, 312;
of ferrets, 347
Duchemin, M., on toads killing carp, 254
Duck, conjugal fidelity of, 270, 271;
conveying young on back, 289
Dugardin, on communication among ants, 49;
in bees, 156
Duncan, on cunning of a dog, 451
Dzierzon, on cause determining sex of bees' eggs, 162;
bees repairing injuries to their cells, 186
EAGLE, plundering instinct of white-headed, 284;
teaching young to fly, 290;
variations in nest-building, 299;
submitting to surgical operations, 313, 314
Earwig, 229, 230
Ebrard, on co-operation of ants, 132
_Echinodermata_, movements of, 23
Edmonson, Dr., on crows punishing offenders, 323, 324
Edward, on intelligence of frogs, 255;
sympathy of terns for wounded companion, 274, 275;
crows breaking shells by dropping them on stones, 283;
co-operation of turnstones, 321
Edward, H., on honey-making ants, 111-14
Eimer, Dr., on voluntary and involuntary movements of
_Medusæ_, 22, 23
Elephant, general remarks upon, 386;
memory of, 386, 387;
emotions of, 387-96;
vindictiveness, 387-9;
sympathy, 389-90;
rogue, 393, 394;
dying under effects of emotion, 395, 396;
general intelligence of, 396-410;
enduring surgical operations, 399-400;
vigilance, 401;
formation of abstract ideas, 401, 402;
intelligence of tame decoys, 402-6;
of tame workers, 306-8;
thatching their backs, 308, 309;
removing leeches, and fanning away flies, 309, 310;
concealing theft, 410
Ellendorf, Dr. F., on leaf-cutting ants, 95, 96;
on ants making a bridge, 137
Elliot, on collective instinct of wolves, 433
Emery, J., on powers of communication in bees, 157
Emulation, of birds, 277;
of dogs, 442
Encyclopædia Britannica, on bees following floating
hives, 149;
battles of queen-bees, 163, 164;
parasitic instincts in birds, 306
Endurance, of pain by wild dogs, 441;
of surgical operations by eagle, 313, 314;
by elephants, 399, 400;
by monkey, 482
Engelmann, on _Daphnia pulex_ seeking yellow light, 23
_Epeira aurelia_, Mr. F. Pollock on perfection of web built
by young, 217
Erb, G. S., on intelligence of deer, 338, 339
_Esox lucius_, 246
Espinas, on co-operation of ants, 130
FABRE, on instincts of sphex-wasp, 180, 181
Faister, Mdlle de, her tame weasel, 346
Falcon, variations in nest-building, 299
Faraday, J., on intelligence of skate, 251
Fascination, alleged, by snakes, 263, 264
Fayrer, Sir J., on fascination by and charming of snakes, 264
Fear, in horses, 329;
in ruminants, 334;
in rabbits, 355;
in rats, 360
excited in dogs by portraits, 455-7;
in monkey by snakes, 477,
and by imitation monkey, 495
Ferret, 347
Fire-flies, stuck on nests by baya-birds, 294
Fish, 241-53;
comparison of brain with that of invertebrata, 241;
emotions, 242-7;
nidification, courtship, and care of young, 242-6;
pugnacity, and social feelings, 242;
anger, 246, 247;
play, jealousy, curiosity, 247;
angler, 247, 248;
jaculator, 248;
travelling over land, 248;
climbing trees, 248, 249;
migrations, 249, 250;
general intelligence, 250-53
Fisher, J. F., on hen removing eggs with her neck, 288
Fleeson, Captain B., on honey-making ants, 111-14
Fleming, W. J., on intelligence of horse, 330
Fleury, Cardinal, on intelligence of ants in making bridges, 135
Forbes, on nidification of tailor-bird, 293
Forbes, James, on monkey begging for dead body of companion, 472
Forel, on ants;
recognising slaves, 43;
and fellow-citizens, 44;
swarming habits, 58;
experiment in rearing together hostile species, 59, 60;
tunnelling to obtain aphides, 61;
warfare, 68-77;
play, 88;
intelligence shown in architecture, 129
Forsteal, on termites, 198
Forster, W., on intelligence of a bull, 338
Fothergill, Percival, on reasoning power of a dog, 466
Fouillouse, J. de, on intelligence of hares, 357, 358
Fox, 426-33;
lying in wait for hares, 426, 427;
avoiding traps, 427-30;
allowing itself to be extricated from trap, 431;
catching crabs with tail, 432;
collective instinct in hunting, 433
Fox, C., on intelligence of porpoises, 328
Frankland, Mrs., on cock bullfinch recognising portrait of hen, 311
Franklin, on powers of communication in ants, 49
Franklin, Dr., on sympathy in parrots, 276
Frogs, 254, 255
Frost, Dr., on cat sprinkling crumbs to attract birds, 418, 419
Furniss, J. J., on elephants thatching their backs, 408, 409
GAD-FLY, instinct of, 230
Gander, _see_ Goose
Gaphaus, H. A., on cat opening thumb-latch, 421
Gardener, on intelligence of crab, 233
Garraway, Dr., on beetle concealing its store of food, 229
_Gasteropoda_, intelligence of, 26-29
_Gasterosteus pungitius_, 243;
_G. spinachia_, 243
Geer, M., on earwig incubating young, 229
_Gelasimus_, 233
Gentles, W. Laurie, on intelligence of a sheep-dog, 448, 449
Geoffrey, on pilot fish, 252
Gibbons, their sympathy for suffering companions, 472, 473
Gleditsch, on beetles undermining stick supporting a dead toad, 228;
on spiders weighting their webs, 221
Glutton, 347-50
Goat, intelligence of, 337, 338
Goat-sucker, removing eggs, 289;
nidification of, 292
Goldfinch, trained, 312
Goldsmith on habits of rooks, 322, 323
Goldsmith, Dr., on intelligence of otter, 346
Gollitz, Herr, on co-operation of beetles, 227
Goodbehere, S., on intelligence of a pony and ass, 332, 333;
on cunning of sheep-killing dogs, 450;
on dog knowing value of different coins, 452, 453
Goose, affection and sympathy of, 272, 273;
removing eggs from rats, 288;
noting time, 314;
opening latch of gate, 316
Gosse, on commensalism of crab and anemone, 234
Gould, on bower-bird, 279-81;
on humming-birds, 281;
on talegallus, 294, 295
Graber, Titus, on proportional size of ant's brain, 141
_Grapsus stringosus_, 231
Gray, Sir George, on nidification of talegallus, 295
Gredler, Vincent, on division of labour among leaf-cutting
ants, 99, 100
Green, on intelligence of pigs, 339
Green, Seth, on tactics displayed by hunting wasps, 193
Griffiths, on intelligence of elephant, 388, 389
Grosbeak, nidification of, 295, 296
Grouse, learning to avoid telegraph wires, 312, 313
Groves, J. B., on cat trying to catch image behind mirror, 416
Guana, _see_ Reptiles
Guerinzius, on wasps recognising persons, 188
Guillemots, plundering of by gulls, 283, 284;
mode of catching fish, 285
Gulls, plundering guillemots, 283, 284;
mode of challenge, 291;
nidification, 292
Guring, Thomas, on intelligence of geese, 314, 315
HAGEN, on termites, 202
Hague, on powers of communication in ants, 54-7
Hamilton, R., on fear exhibited by cattle in slaughterhouses, 334
Hancock, Dr., on fish quitting water, 248;
crows breaking shells by dropping them on stones, 283
Harding, S., on intelligence of a pig, 340
Hare, 357-60
Hartmann, Von, his definition of instinct, 15;
on fondness of spiders for music, 206
Harvesting-ants, 96-110;
mice, 365, 366
Hawkshaw, J. Clarke, on limpet remembering locality, 28-9
Hayden, on monkey keeping door open with blanket, 481
Hayes, Dr., on intelligence of Eskimo dogs, 462
_Helix pomatia_, intelligence of, 26, 27
_Hemerobius chrysops_, 240
Hen, maternal instinct of, 272;
removing eggs with neck, 288;
and young chicken on back, 288, 289
Henderson, on navigating habits of Iceland mice, 364, 365
Heron, variations in nest-building, 299
Hogg, on intelligence of his sheep-dog, 448
Holden, on starlings learning to avoid telegraph wires, 312, 313
Hollmann, on intelligence of _octopus_, 30
_Homarus marinus_, 233
Hooker, Sir Joseph, on navigating habits of Iceland mice, 364
Hooper, W. F., on intelligence of a dog, 463
Horn, Mrs., on reasoning powers of a dog, 462
Hornet, carrying heavy prey up an elevation in order to fly away
with it, 196
Horse, emotions of, 328-30;
memory, 330;
general intelligence, 328, 330-3
Horse-fly, tamed, 230, 231
Horsfall, on dog finding his way about by train, 467, 468
Hoste, Sir W., on wounded monkey showing its blood to the
sportsman, 476
Houzeau, on hen transporting young chicken on her back, 288, 289;
parrots not being deceived by mirrors, 310, 311;
birds dreaming, 312;
mules counting their journeys, 332;
monkeys destroying poison-fangs of snakes, 483
Hubbard, Mrs., on intelligence of a cat, 414
Huber, Bishop, on sympathy of elephant, 389
Huber, F. and P., on instinct, 16.
On ants:
sense of smell in, 33;
recognising companions, 41;
powers of communication, 49, 50;
observations on slave-making instinct, 65;
on warfare, 76;
play, 87, 88;
harvesting, 97;
carrying one another, 109;
intelligence shown in architecture, 128, 129.
On bees:
sense of hearing in, 144;
duration of memory, 155;
powers of communication, 156, 159;
manipulation and uses of propolis, 161;
battles of queen-bees, 164, 165;
form of cells, 173;
building cells, 177, 178;
barricading doors against moths, 184;
strengthening combs, 185;
biting holes in corollas, 189;
ventilating hives, 191, 192;
effects of removing antennæ of bees, 197
Hudson, on habits of _Melothrus_, 309, 310
Hugen, on termites, 198
Humboldt, on instincts of young turtles, 257
Humming-birds, æsthetic instincts of, 281
Hutchings, J., on intelligence of a cat, 417
Hutchinson, on alleged tendency of scorpion to commit suicide, 225
Hutchinson, Col., on reasoning power of a dog, 463, 464
Hutchinson, Dr. H. F., on wolf-spider stalking own image in
mirror, 213
Hutchinson, S. J., on intelligence of polar bear, 351, 352
Hutton, Mrs., on ants burying their dead, 91, 92
_Hydrargrza_, 248
_Hymenoptera_, _see_ Ants and Bees
IBEX, does assisting wounded buck to escape, 334
Idealism, cannot be refuted by argument, 6
Ideas, _see_ Association
Imitation, shown by talking birds, monkeys, and idiots, 477, 478
Instinct, defined and distinguished from reason and reflex
action, 10-17;
of medusæ, 23;
of worms, 24;
of mollusca, 25;
of ants with reference to colour, 32, 33;
to smell, 33-7;
to sense of direction, 37-9;
to recognising friends, 41-5;
to swarming, 57, 58;
to nursing, 58;
to education, 59, 60;
to keeping aphides, 60-4;
to making slaves, 64-8;
to wars, 68-83;
to keeping pets, 83, 84;
to sleep and cleanliness, 84-7;
to play and leisure, 87-9;
to treatment of dead, 89-93;
of leaf-cutting species, 93-6;
of harvesting species, 97-110;
of tree-inhabiting species, 110, 111;
of honey-making species, 111-14;
of ecitons, 114-22;
of driver and marching species, 121-2;
of bees and wasps, with reference to colour, 143-4;
to sense of direction, 144-51;
to food-collecting and wax-making, 160-2;
to propagation, 162-8;
of queens, 162-5;
of killing drones, 165-8;
with reference to wars, 169, 170;
to architecture, 170-80;
of sphex-wasp, 180, 181;
of termites, 198-203;
of spiders, 204-18;
of scorpion, 222-5;
of beetles, 226-9;
of earwig, 229, 230;
of flies, 230, 231;
of crustacea, 231, 232;
of larvæ, 234-40;
of fish, 242-53;
of batrachians, 254;
of reptiles, 256-9;
of birds, with reference to procuring food, 283-7;
to incubation, 287-91;
to nidification, 291-301;
of cuckoo, 301-10;
of marsupials, 320;
of whale, 327;
of ruminants, 335;
of swine, 339;
of bats, 341;
of seals, 341-8;
of wolverine, 348-50;
of rodents, 353, 354;
of rabbit, 354-7;
of hare, 354-9;
of rats, 360;
of mice, 364-5;
of rat-hare, 365, 366;
of beaver, mixed with intelligence, 367;
with reference to propagation and lodges, 367-71;
to procuring food, 371-3;
to dams, 373-80;
to canals, 380-4;
of cat, 411-12;
of dog, 437, 438;
of monkey, 471
JACKAL, 426;
collective instinct in hunting, 432-35
Jackdaw, gesticulating signs made by, 316;
congregation for court held by, 324
Jacob, Sir G. Le Grand, on crows punishing offender, 324-5;
ibexes assisting wounded mate to escape, 334
Japp, on dog spontaneously learning use of coin, 452
Jealousy, of fish, 242;
of birds, 276-7;
of horse, 329, 330;
of dogs, 442, 443;
of monkey, 493
Jenkins, H. L., on formation of abstract ideas by elephants, 401, 402
Jenner, on instinct of young cuckoo, 301-4
Jerdon, Dr., on harvesting-ants, 97;
on birds dreaming, 312
Jervoise, Sir J. C., on bee biting hole in a corolla, 189;
on combined action of rooks in obtaining food from pheasants, 321
Jesse, on intelligence of bees in adapting their combs to smooth
surface, 186;
spider protecting eggs from cold, 219;
tame house-fly, 230, 231;
affection of male for female pike, 246;
attachment between alligator and cat, 258, 259;
conjugal fidelity of swan, and pigeon, 271;
sympathy of rooks, 273, 274;
lapwing stamping on ground to make worms rise, 285;
goose removing eggs from rats, 288;
birds removing dung from neighbourhood of their nests, 290;
swallows killing and imprisoning hostile sparrows, 318, 319;
kangaroo throwing young from pouch when pursued, 326, 327;
stag shaking berries from trees, and manifesting intelligence
in escaping from dogs, 336;
intelligence of buffalo, 336, 337;
intelligence of rats, 360-2;
of elephants, 398;
collective instinct of foxes, 433;
wounded monkey showing its blood to the sportsman, 476
Jillson, Professor, on habits of the 'prairie-dog,' 366
John, St., on intelligence of fox, 426, 427;
idea of caste in dog, 442
Johnson, on termites, 198;
on orang-outangs removing their dead companions, 472
Johnson, Capt., on wounded monkey showing its blood to the
sportsman, 475
Johnson, Dr., his definition of reason, 14
KANGAROO, throwing young from pouch when pursued, 326, 327
Kaup, on fish, 246
Kemp, Dr. L., on battles of queen-bees, 164;
robber bees, 170;
on intelligence of decoy elephants, 402
Kent, Saville, on intelligence of porpoises, 327, 328
Kesteven, Dr. W. H., on cat knocking knocker, 424
Kingfisher, nidification of, 292
Kirby, on water-spider, 212;
shore crabs, 232;
migration of salmon, 249, 250;
intelligence of carp, 250
Kirby and Spence, on powers of communication in ants, 49;
sense of direction in bees, 148;
hexagonal form of bees' cells, 172;
ceasing to store honey in tropics, 188;
co-operation of beetles, 226;
caterpillars, 236, and 238, 239
Klein, Dr., on intelligence of a cat, 418, 419
Kleine, Herr, on behaviour of bees when finding empty combs
substituted for full ones, 186, 187
Klingelhöffer, Herr, on co-operation of beetles, 227-8
König, on termites, 198
Kreplin, Herr H., on ecitons, 139
_LABRUS_, 247
Lacepède, on fish coming to sound of bell, &c., 250
_Lacerta iguana_, 255
_Lagomys_, provident habits of, 365
Landois, on powers of communication in bees, 158
Langshaft, on bees recognising hive companions, 183;
on robber bees, 183-4
Lapwing, stamping on ground to make worms rise, 285;
intelligence of, 315, 316
Larvæ, of insects, intelligence of, 234-40
Latreille, on ants, sympathy of, 47
Lauriston, Baron, on sympathy of elephant, 390
Layard, Consul, on intelligence of cobra, 262;
on nidification of baya-bird, 294;
on cat pulling bell-wire, 424
Lee, Mrs., on intelligence of robin, 314;
of goats, 337;
of rats, 361;
on vindictiveness of elephant, 389
Leeches, apparent intelligence of, 24
Lefroy, Lieut-Gen, Sir John, on terrier communicating wants
by signs, 446
Lehr, Herr H., on bees draining their hive, 190
Leroy, C. G.,
on nidification of birds, 300;
on migration, 301;
on collective instinct of wolves, 436
Lespès,
on ants:
slave-making instinct, 65, 66;
warfare, 68, 69;
division of labour, 98, 99;
on termites, 198
Leuckart, Prof., on intelligence of ants in surmounting
obstacles, 135
Lever, Sir Ashton, his experiment on eccentricity of
nest-building instinct, 295
Limpet, remembering locality, 28, 29
Lincecum, Dr., on harvesting ants, 97 and 103-7;
carrying one another, 109
Lindsay, Dr. L., on birds dreaming, 312
Linnæus, on swallows imprisoning sparrows, 318
Linnet, intelligence of in not flying against mirror, 311;
trained, 312
_Liparis chrysorrhaca_, 238
Livingstone, Dr., on certain ants of Africa, 110;
honey-guide, 315;
intelligence of buffalo, 335, 336;
reasoning power of dog, 457
Lobster, 233
Lockman, J., on fondness of pigeon for a particular air of
music, 282
Lonsdale, on intelligence of snails, 27
_Lophius piscator_, 247-8
Lophobranchiate fish, incubating eggs in mouth, 245-6
Loudoun's 'Magazine of Natural History,' quotations from, 357
Love-bird, conjugal affection of, 270
Löwenfels, Herr H., on a wasp dismembering a fly to facilitate
carriage, 196.
Lubbock, Sir John,
on ants:
sense of sight in, 32;
of hearing, 33;
of smell, 33-7;
of direction, 37-8;
recognising companions and nest-mates, 41-3 and 44-5;
deficiency of affection and sympathy, 45-7;
powers of communication, 50-3;
collecting hatching eggs of aphides, 61-2;
keeping pets, 84;
general intelligence, 123-8.
On bees and wasps:
sense of sight in, 143;
of smell and hearing, 144;
of direction, 144-8;
memory, 151-4;
taming wasps, 153;
experiment on comparative intelligence of wasp and fly in
finding way out of a bell-jar, 153-4;
experiments to test sympathy, 155-6;
way-finding, 181-3;
recognising one another, 183-4.
On co-operation of beetles, 226.
Ludicrous, sense of,
in dogs, 444-5;
in monkeys, 476, 485, 487, and 490
Lukis, F. C., on limpet remembering locality, 29
MACLACHLAN, on caddis-worms, 244
Maclaurin, on mathematical principles observed by bees in
constructing their cells, 171
_Macropodus_, 244
Malcolm, Sir James, on sympathy shown by monkey, 474-5
Malle, Dureau de la, on dog knocking knocker, 423-4;
collective instinct of dogs, 435-6
Mammals, 326-498
Mann, Mr. and Mrs., their tame snakes, 256, 260-2
Mansfield, nest of fish, 242-43
Marsupials, 326-7
Martin, nidification of house, 292;
of land, 292
Martin, John, on reasoning power of cat, 415
MacCook, the Rev. Dr.,
on ants: recognising fellow-citizens, 44;
feeding comrades with aphides-secretion, 63-4;
keeping cocci and caterpillars, 64;
warfare, 78, 81-3;
sleep and cleanliness, 84-87;
play, 88;
funeral habits, 89-91;
agricultural, 97, 103-10;
modes of mining, 108;
swarming habits of agriculturals, 108-9;
carrying one another, 109-10;
removing nest from shade of tree, 131;
cutting leaves from shading tree, 131-2;
co-operation in cutting grass, 132
M'Crady, on larva of _Medusæ_ sucking nutriment from parent, 34
Meek, his cat trying to catch image behind mirror, 415-16
Meenan, on a wasp carrying heavy prey up an elevation in order
to fly away with it, 197
_Melanerpes formicivorus_, 285
_Melia tessellata_, 233-4
_Melipona domestica_, form of its cells, 173-6
_Melothrus_, 309-10
Memory,
of mollusca, 25-9;
of ants, 39-45;
of bees, 151-5;
of beetles and earwig, 226-30;
of batrachians, 255;
of reptiles, 259 _et seq._;
of birds, 266-70;
of horse, 330;
of elephant, 386-7;
of dog, 438;
of monkey, 497
Menault,
on eagle submitting to surgical operation, 313-14;
on mason bee, 178-9
Merian, Madame, on ants of visitation, 130;
mygale spider eating humming-birds, 208
Merrell, Dr., on instinct of American cuckoo, 305-6
Mice, 360-4
Migration,
of caterpillars, 238;
of crabs, 232;
of fish, 248-50;
of reptiles, 257-8;
of birds, 266;
of mammals, 341-50, and 368
Mildmay, Sir Henry, on pigs learning to point game, 339-40
Mill, John S., on instinct of cruelty in man, 413
Miller, Prof., calculations regarding form of bee's cell, 173
Mind, subjective and objective analysis of, 1;
evidence of, 2;
criterion of, 4-8
Mischievousness, fondness of, shown by monkeys, 485 _et seq._
Mitchell, on fish removing eggs from disturbed nest, 251
Mitchell, Major, on habits of _Conilurus constructor_, 326
Mivart, on instincts of sphex-wasps, 181
Mobbing instinct in birds, 291
Möbius, Prof., on commensalism between crab and anemone, 233
Moggridge,
on ants:
sympathy of, 48;
suggestion to Mr. Hague, 56;
warfare of, 79-81;
keeping pets, 83;
harvesting, 97-8 and 100-2;
division of labour, 98;
harvesters using burrows made by elater, 130;
intelligent adaptation to artificial conditions, 130;
co-operation in cutting grass, &c., 133.
On trap-door spiders covering trap-doors with moss, &c., 214-15;
making trap-door at exposed end of accidentally inverted
tube, 215-216;
perfection of dwellings built by young spiders, 216-17;
manner in which instinct of making trap-doors probably
arose, 217-18
Mollusca, intelligence of, 25-30
Monboddo, Lord, on snake finding way home, 262
Monkeys, 471-98;
general remarks on psychology of, 471 and 497-98;
emotions of, 471-8;
affection and sympathy, 471-5;
reproach, 475-6;
ludicrous, 476, 485, 487, 490;
play, 476-77;
curiosity, 477;
imitation, 477;
rage, jealousy, and revenge, 478;
memory of, 497;
general intelligence of, 478;
behaviour with mirror, 478-9 and 495-6;
picking shells off eggs, and taking care not to be stung
by wasps in paper, 479;
intelligence of Mr. Belt's, 480;
disentangling chains, 480 and 486-8;
raking in objects with sticks or cloths, 480 and 486;
drawing chair to stand upon, 481;
using levers, 481 and 492;
using hammers, 481 and 485;
divining principle of screw, 490-91;
keeping door open with blanket, 481-2;
allowing tooth to be drawn, 482;
punishing young, 482-3;
destroying snake's fangs, 483;
concerted action, 483;
love of mischief, 485 _et seq._;
throwing things in rage, 485 _et seq._;
pushing slab to which tied, 484-7;
capricious attachments and dislikes, 484 _et seq._;
trying to unlock a box, 492;
playing with fire, 493-4;
expression of emotions, 494-5;
dread of imitation monkey, 495
Morgan, L. A., on spider conveying insect to larder, 220
Morgan, L. H., on the beaver, 367-83
Moschkau, Dr., on intelligence shown by a spider which he
habitually fed, 218-19
Moseley, Lewin, performing operation on a monkey, 482
Moseley, Prof., on intelligence of crabs, 231-2
Mossman, Rev. J. W., on wasps coming out of small aperture
backwards, 192-3
Mule, alleged counting by, 332;
intelligence of, 333-4
Müller, Adolph, on instinct of cuckoo, 306-7
Müller, F.,
on powers of communication in bees, 157;
on termites, 198 and 201
Murray, S., intelligence of his dog, 450
Music, fondness of spiders for, 205-7;
of parrots and pigeon, 282
Mygale spider eating humming-birds, 208
_Myriophyllum spicatum_, 243
_Myrmeleon formicarium_, 234-5
NADAULT, Madame, the association of ideas shown by her
parrot, 269
Napier, Commander, on pigeon making a horse shake oats
from nose-bag, 317
Napier, Lady, recollection in parrot, 269, 270;
emulation in parrot, 276, 277
Nest, _see_ Nidification
Newall, R. S., on wasp dividing caterpillar to facilitate
carriage, 195, 196
Newbury, on absence of beaver dams in California, 370, 371
Newton, Professor A., on instincts of cuckoo, 306-9
Nichols, W. W., on intelligence of pigeons, 317
Nicols, A., on reasoning power of a retriever, 464, 465
_Nicrophorus_, 228
Nidification,
of crustacean, 232, 233;
of fish, 242-5;
of birds, 291-301;
petrels and puffins, 291, 292;
auks, curlew, goatsucker, ostrich, gulls, sandpipers, plovers,
kingfisher, Chinese swallow, house-martin, 292;
tomtit, woodpecker, starling, weaver, 293;
baya, talegallus, 294;
grosbeak, 295, 296;
swan, 296-8;
Wallace's theories concerning, 298, 299;
variability of 299-301;
of harvesting mice, 365
Nightingales, removing nest, 289
Niphon, Professor, on intelligence of a mule, 333, 334
_Noctua Ewingii_, 238
_Noctura verbasci_, 236
North, the Rev. W., on intelligence of mice, 361, 362
Nottebohm, Herr, on ants stocking trees with aphides, 63
OBSTETRIC-FISH, 246;
toad, 254
_Octopus_, intelligence of, 29, 30
_[OE]cypoda ippeus_, 231
Oldham, A., on jealousy in dog, 442, 443
Orang-outang, removing dead companions, 472;
sense of humour in, 476;
drawing chair to stand upon to reach high places, 481
_Orthotomus_, 293
Ostrich, conjugal affection of, 270;
nidification, 292
Otter, 346
Oyster, intelligence of, 25
PALLAS, on provident habits of Lagomys, 365
Parrot, memory of, 267-9;
recollection, 269, 270;
talking, &c., 267-70;
sympathy, 275, 276;
exultation on baffling imitative powers of master, 277;
vindictiveness, 277;
fondness of music, 282;
difficult to deceive by mirrors, 310, 311
Parry, Captain, on instincts of wild swan, 297
Partridge, removing eggs, 289
Peach, C. W., on dog recognising portrait, 453, 454
Peal, G. E., on elephants removing leeches and fanning away
flies, 409, 410
Pearson, Colonel, the reasoning power of his dog, 466, 467
Peeweet, _see_ Lapwing.
Pelicans, sympathy of for wounded companions, 275;
frigate, 284;
combined action of in fishing, 319
Penky, the Rev. Mr., on reasoning power of a dog, 466, 467
Pennant, on navigating habits of Iceland mice, 364
Pennent,
on domestication of toad, 255;
on fascination by rattle-snake, 263
_Perca scandens_, 248, 249
Perception, 9
Perch, climbing, 248, 249
Percival, Dr., on cock killing hen when she hatched out eggs
of partridge, 278
Petrels, nidification of, 291, 292
Phillips, J., his portrait-painting recognised by a dog, 454
Picton, Mrs. E., on sensitiveness of a terrier, 440, 441
_Pieris rapæ_, 236
Pigeon, memory of, 266;
conjugal affection and fidelity, 270, 271;
fondness for a particular air of music, 282;
intelligence in avoiding turtles, 317;
in making horse shake oats from nose-bag, 317
Pigs, 339-41
Pike, affection of male for female, 246
Pilot-fish, 251, 252
Pinnipeds, breeding habits of, 342, 346
Pipe-fish, 246
Piracy, instinct of, in birds, 283, 284, 301-7
_Pisces_, _see_ Fish
Play,
of ants, 87, 89;
of fish, 242;
of birds, 279;
of porpoise, 327, 328;
of dogs, 445;
of monkeys, 476, 477
Pliny, on ants burying their dead, 91;
sexual affection of snakes, 256;
on intelligence of elephant, 386;
on memory of elephant, 387
_Ploceus textor_, 293
Plover, _see_ Lapwing;
nidification of, 292
Plutarch, on intelligence of elephant, 386
_Podocerus capillatus_, 232
Polar bear, 352, 353
Polecat, curious instinct of, 347
_Polistes carnifex_, taking precise bearings to remember
locality, 150, 151
_Polistes Gallica_, tamed by Sir John Lubbock, 153;
robber, 169
Pollock, F., on perfection of webs built by young spiders, 217
Pollock, W., on association of ideas in parrot, 269
_Polydectes cupulifer_, 233
Pope, on instinct and reason, 15
Porpoise, intelligence of, 327, 328
Portraits, recognised by birds, 311;
by dogs, 453-7
Pouchet, on improvement in nidification of swallows, 300, 301
Powelsen, on navigating habits of Iceland mice, 364
Prairie dog, 366
Pride,
of birds, 279;
of horse, 330;
of ruminants, 334;
of dog, 439-42
_Prinia_, 293
_Protozoa_, movements of, 18;
apparent intelligence of, 19-21
Provident instincts,
of ants, 97-110;
of bees, 160-162;
of a bird, 285;
of rodents, 353, 354, and 365, 366;
of beaver, 368-70
Puffins, nidification of, 291, 292
Pugnacity,
of ants, 45;
of bees, 165-70;
of spiders, 204-5;
of fish, 242;
of seal, 341-6;
of rabbits, 355;
of rat-hare, 365, 366;
of canine animals, 426
Python, tame, affection of, &c., 256 and 260-2
QUARTERLY REVIEW, on intelligence of rats, 360, 361
Quatrefages, on termites, 198
RABBIT, 354-7
Rabigot, on fondness of spiders for music, 206
Rae, Dr. John, on intelligence of horse, 331;
of wolverine, 348;
of wolves and foxes, 429, 430;
of dog, 465, 466
Rae, on dog ringing bell, 423
Ransom, Dr., on sticklebacks, 245
Rarey, his method of taming horses, 328, 329
Rats, 360-3
Rattlesnake, alleged fascination by, 263
Ravens, breaking shells by dropping them on stones, 283
Razor-fish, intelligence of, 25
Reason, definition of, and distinguished from instinct, 13-17;
exhibitions of, by various animals, _see_ under sections
headed 'general intelligence'
Réaumur, on intelligence of ants, 128;
sympathy of bees, 156;
carpenter-bee, 179;
encasing snail with propolis, 190;
conveying carrion out of hive, 191;
experiments on instincts of caterpillars, 237;
on larvæ chasing aphides, 240
Reclain, Professor C., on spider descending to
violin-player, 205, 206
Recognition of persons,
by bees, 188;
by snakes and tortoises, 259-61;
of places, by mollusca, 27-9;
by ants, 33 _et seq._;
by bees, 144 _et seq._;
of offspring, by earwig, 229;
of portraits, _see_ Birds and Dogs;
of other members of a hive by ants and bees, _see_ Ants and Bees
Reeks, H., on collective instinct of wolves, 436
Reflex action, 2-4
Reid, Dr., on mathematical principles observed by bees in
constructing their cells, 171
Rengger, on maternal care and grief of a cebus, 472;
monkeys displaying intelligent observation, 479;
using levers, 481
Reproach, shown by gestures of monkeys 475-478
Reptiles, 255-265;
emotions of, 255, 256, and 260-2;
incubating eggs, sexual and parental affection of, 256;
general intelligence of, 256-263;
fascination by, 263, 264;
charming of, 264, 265
Reyne, his observations on snake-charming, 264, 265
_Rhizopoda_, apparent intelligence of, 19-21
Richards, Captain, on pilot-fish, 252
Richardson, Mrs. A. S. H.,
on elephant concealing theft, 410;
on dog finding its way home by train, 468, 469
Ridicule, dislike of, by dogs and monkeys, _see_ Ludicrous
Risso, M., on habits of pipe-fish, 246
Robertson, Professor G. Croora, on behaviour of an ape with
a mirror, 478, 479
Robin, intelligence of, 314
Rodents, 353
Rodwell, on intelligence of rats, 360-2
Rogue-elephants, _see_ Elephant
Romanes, Miss C.,
on dog recognising portrait, 455, 456;
on intelligence of cebus, 484-95
Romanes, G. J., on movements of rotifer, 18, 19;
of medusæ, 22;
of echinodermata, 23;
emotions of stickleback, 246, 247;
piracy of terns and gulls, 283-4;
mode of challenge practised by gulls, 291;
birds deceived by mirrors, 311;
grouse learning to avoid telegraph wires, 313;
intelligence of horse, 330;
intelligence of ferrets, 347;
instincts of rabbits, 354;
intelligence of rabbits, 354, 355;
rabbits fighting rats, 355;
drawing dead companions out of holes, 356, 357;
intelligence of hare, 357;
hares and rabbits allowing themselves to be caught by weasels, 359;
rats using their tails for feeding purposes, 363;
cat opening thumb-latch, 420, 421;
collective instinct of jackals, 434, 435;
of dogs, 435;
duration of memory in dog, 438;
pride and sensitiveness in dog, 439, 440;
intolerance of dog towards pain, 441;
emulation and jealousy in dog, 442;
deceitfulness and dislike of ridicule in dog, 444;
sense of ludicrous in dog, 444, 445;
dogs communicating ideas, 445, 446;
dogs slipping into their collars to conceal their sheep-killing,
&c., 435 and 450, 451;
dog recognising portrait, 456, 457;
reasoning of dog, 457, 458;
caution of a dog in killing snakes, 460;
sympathy of an Arabian baboon, 474;
sense of ludicrous and dislike of ridicule in monkey, 476;
intelligence of _Cebus fatuellus_, 484-98
Rooks, sympathy of, for wounded companions, 273, 274;
concerted action of, in obtaining food from dogs, 319, 320;
from pheasants, 321;
nesting habits and punishment of culprits, 322-5
_Rotifera_, movements of, 18
Ruminants, 334
Russell, Lord Arthur, witnessing tameness of snakes, 261
_SAGARTIA parasitica_, 234
Salmon, migration of, 249, 250
_Salticus scenicus_, 213
Sandpipers, nidification of, 292
_Sarsia_, seeking light, 23
Saunders, S. S., on trap-door spiders, 215
Savage, on play of chimpanzees, 476, 477
Schiller, on pride of bell-wether steers, 334
Schipp, Lieut., on combined action of baboons, 483
Schlosser, on jaculator-fish, 248
Schlüter, Herr A., on a hornet carrying heavy prey up an elevation
in order to fly away with it, 196
Schneider, on intelligence of _octopus_, 29, 30;
on fish guarding eggs, 242;
jealousy of fish, 247
Sclater, Dr., on instincts of cuckoo, 325;
lending a cebus for observation, 483
Scoresby, on maternal affection of whale, 327;
on intelligence of polar bear, 351
Scorpion, alleged suicide of, when surrounded by fire or heat, 222-25
Sea-anemones, 233, 234
Seals, intelligence of, and breeding-habits of pinnipeds, 341-6
Seebohm, on instincts of cuckoo, 325
_Semnopithecus entellus_, destroying poison fangs of snakes, 483
Sensation, 8
Severn, H. A., on nidification of baya-bird, 294
Severn, W., on snakes, 260, 261
Sheep, pride of leaders, 334
Shelley, lines on curiosity of fish, 247
Shipp, Capt.,
on vindictiveness of elephant, 387, 388;
on intelligence of elephant, 397, 398
Siebold, on robber-wasps, 169
Sieur, Roman, his trained birds, 312
Signs, made by ants, 49 _et seq._;
by bees, 157 _et seq._;
by termites, 200;
by birds, 315, 316;
by elephants, 391 and 401;
by cat, 416;
by dog, 445-7;
by monkey, 472, 475, 476
_Simiadæ_, _see_ Monkeys
Simonius, on fondness of spiders for music, 206
Sinclair, W., on intelligence of horse, 33
Skate, supposed intelligence of, 251
Skinner, Major,
on intelligent vigilance of elephants, 400, 401;
on training of cobra, 265
Slingsby, his experiment in training a house-fly, 230, 231
Smeathman, on termites, 198-203
Smeaton, Th. D., on dog making peace-offerings, 452
Smiles, Dr. S.,
on observation of Stephenson, 247;
on observations of Edward, 255, 275, 283, 321
Smith, A. P., on intelligence of a cat, 414
Smith, Colonel, on pilot-fish, 252
Smith, Colonel Hamilton, on intelligence of cattle-dogs, 449
Smith, Sir Andrew, on revenge of a baboon, 478
Snails, intelligence of, 26-28
Snakes, incubating eggs, sexual and parental affection of, 256;
tamed, 256, 260-3, 265;
finding way home, 262;
intelligence of, 262-3;
fascination by, 263-4;
charming of, 264-5
Social feelings, _see_ Sympathy and Affection;
habits common to Hymenoptera and termites, 202
Sow, pointing game, 339, 340
Sparman, on termites, 198
Spencer, Herbert,
on migration of salmon, 249;
on play as allied to artistic feeling, 279
Sphex, _see_ under Wasp
Spiders, emotions of, 204-7;
courtship, 204, 205;
strength of maternal instinct, 205;
fondness of music, 205-7;
web-building, 207-12;
geometric, 209;
water, 212;
wolf or vagrant, 213;
trap-door, 213-18;
admit of being tamed and distinguish persons, 218-19;
protecting eggs from cold, 219;
protecting themselves from ecitons, 219;
conveying prey to larder, 220;
suspending weights to steady web, 220-2;
wide geographical range of trap-door spiders, 216
Stag, intelligence of, 336
Starlings, nidification of, 293;
learning to avoid telegraph-wires, 312-13
Stephenson, on curiosity of fish, 247
Stevens, J. G., on intelligence of a cat, 417-18
Sticklebacks, 243-5, 246-7
Stickney, on bees remembering in successive years the position
of a disused hive, 154
Stodmann, on wasps recognising persons, 188
Stone, on reasoning power of a dog, 460
Stork, vindictiveness of, 277-8
Strachan, on elephants dying under emotional disturbance, 395-6
Strange, F., on habits of bower-bird, 281
Strauss, on co-operation of beetles, 228
Street, J., on blackbirds removing their young, 289
Strickland, on intelligence of a mare, 332
Swainson, on vindictiveness of elephant, 389
Swallows, memory of, 266;
improvement in their nidification and adopting new modes of, 300;
migration, 301;
making tunnels, 318;
killing imprisoned hostile sparrows, 318-19
Swan, conjugal fidelity of, 271;
mode of escaping with young, 290;
nidification, 496-8
Swine, 339-41
Sword-fish, 252-3
Sykes, Colonel,
on harvesting ants, 97;
on tree ants, 110-11;
intelligence of ants in getting at food in difficult
situations, 134, 135;
on nidification of tailor-bird, 293
_Sylvia_, 293
Sympathy,
of ants, 46-9;
of bees, 155-6;
of fish, 242;
of birds, 270-6;
of horse, 331-2;
of ruminants, 334;
of elephants, 387-92, and 397, 398;
of cat, 416;
of monkeys, 471-5
TAIT, LAWSON, on cat signing to have bell pulled, 423
_Talegallus_, nidification of, 294
Taylor, the Rev. Mr., cunning of his dog, 451
Tegetmeier, on amount of sugar required by bees to make honey, 176
Telescope-fish, 246
Tennent, Sir E., on apparent intelligence of land-leeches, 24;
intelligence of tree-ants, 134;
mygale eating humming birds, 208;
climbing-perch, 249;
sexual affection of cobra, 246;
snake-charming, 264, 265;
taming of cobra, 265;
nidification of baya-bird, 294;
combined action of crows, 319, 320;
of buffaloes, 335;
use of tame buffalo, 335;
on emotions and intelligence of elephant, 389, 390, 393-6, 400-8;
collective instinct of jackals, 432, 433
Tepper, Mr. Otto, on intelligence of a cat, 424
Termites, 198-203;
architecture, 198, 199, and 201, 202;
workers and soldiers, 200, 201;
swarming, breeding, &c., 202;
remarkable similarity of instincts to those of Hymenoptera, 202;
instincts detrimental to individual but beneficial to
species, 202, 203
Terns, sympathy of, for wounded companions, 274, 275;
robber, 284;
mobbing robber-terns, 291
_Theda isocrates_, 238
Theuerkauf, Herr G., on intelligence of ants in making a bridge
of aphides over tar, 136
Thompson, E. P.,
on bees remembering exact position of absent hive, 149;
on garden-spider's mode of web-building, 210, 211;
ant-lion, 234, 235;
emotions of guana, 255, 256;
fascination by snakes, 264;
nidification of sociable grosbeak, 295, 296;
birds dreaming, 312;
maternal affection of whale, 327;
bisons defending themselves from wolves, 334, 335;
pigs defending themselves from wolves, 339;
cleanliness of pig, 340, 341;
intelligence of weasel, 346;
of mouse, 361;
harvesting-mice, 365, 366
Thomson, Dr. Allen, on scorpions committing suicide, 223-5
Thornton, Colonel, his sow trained to point game, 340
Thresher-fish, 252, 253
Thrushes, breaking shells against stones, 283
_Tinea_, 237
Toads, 254, 255
Tomtit, nidification of, 293
Topham, Dr. J., on spiders weighting their webs, 222
Topham, Mr. J., on bees remembering exact position of absent
hive, 149
Tortoises, knowing persons, 259
Townsend, the Rev. W.,
on elephant concealing theft, 410;
on dog finding its way about by train, 468-9
Truro, Lord, on intelligence of a dog, 450
Turner, George, on bees remembering exact position of absent
hive, 149
Turnstones, intelligence of, 321
Turtles, 257, 258, and 262
VAILLANT, Le, on fascination by tree-snake, 263, 264
Valiant, L., on nidification of sociable grosbeak, 296
Venn, on association of ideas in parrot, 267, 268
Vigot, Dr., on snake finding way home, 262
Villiers, De, on instincts of larvæ of bombyx moth, 240
Vindictiveness,
of birds, 277, 278, and 318-25;
of horse, 330, 331;
of elephant, 387-9;
of monkeys, 478, and 484-96
Virchow, on difficulty of distinguishing between instinct an
reason, 12
Vogt, Karl, on duration of memory in ants, 41;
bridge-making, 136
Vultures, finding carrion by sight and not by smell, 286, 287;
intelligence, 314
WAFER, on monkeys hammering oyster-shells with stones, 481
Wakefield, P., on intelligence of goats, 337, 338
Wallace, A. R., on philosophy of birds'-nests, 298-300
Warden, on frogs going straight to nearest water, 254
Wasp-mason, 180;
butcher, 180, 181;
sphex, 181;
hunting, 193, 194;
common, tamed by Sir John Lubbock, 153
Wasps, sense of direction in, 147;
teaching themselves, 154;
killing larvæ, 167, 168;
making cells, 180;
instincts of neuters, 181;
recognising persons, 188;
coming out of small aperture backwards, 192, 193;
struggles with ants for secretion of frog-hoppers, 194, 195;
dismembering heavy prey for convenience of carriage, and
mounting eminences for same purpose, 195, 197
Wasser, on nidification of puffins, 291
Waterhouse, on hexagonal form of bee's cell, 173
Water-rail, its mode of escape, 289
Waterton, on nidification of swan, 295, 296
Watson, on spiders weighting their webs, 221;
cock killing hen on her hatching out eggs of other birds, 278;
intelligence of rats, 360-62;
vindictiveness of elephant, 389;
elephant enduring surgical operation, 399;
intelligence of sheep-dogs, 448;
of cattle-dogs, 449
Weasel, 346, 347
Weaver, nidification of, 293
Web, _see_ Spider
Web-building, _see_ Spiders
Webb, Dr., performing operation on elephant, 399
Weber, Professor E. H., on spiders weighting their webs, 221
Wedgwood, the Rev. R. H., on memory of horse, 330
Westlecombe, on reasoning power of a dog, 462, 463
Westropp, on intelligence of bear, 352
Westwood, on instinct of caterpillars, 288
Weygandt, on robber-bees, 170
Whale, maternal affection of, 327;
attacks on, by sword- and thresher-fish, 252, 253
Whately, Archbishop, on cat ringing bell, 423
White ants, _see_ Termites
White, the Rev. Gilbert, on nests of harvesting-mice, 365;
on nidification of house-martin, 292, 293
White, W., on intelligence of snails, 26
White, the Rev. W. W. F., on sympathy of ants, 49;
keeping pets, 84;
burying dead, 92, 93
White-headed eagle, _see_ Eagle
Wildman, his alleged training of bees, 189
Wilks, Dr. S., observations on talking of parrot, 267, 268;
on dog recognising a portrait, 455
Williams, on intelligence of sheep-dogs, 448
Williams, B., on cunning of sheep-killing dogs, 450, 451
Wilson, on memory of crow, 266
Wilson, Dr. Andrew, on reasoning power of a dog, 460
Wilson, Charles, on intelligence of swallows, 318
Wilson, Dr. D., on elephant enduring surgical operation, 399
Winkell, Dietrich aus dem, on intelligence of fox, 428
Wolf, 426-36; avoiding gun-traps, 431;
drawing up fish-lines to take fish, 431;
collective instinct in hunting, 433, 436
Wolverine, 347-50
Wood, Rev. G. J., on spiders weighting their webs, 221
Woodcock, conveying young on back, 289
Woodpecker, ant-eating, its instinct of storing food, 285;
nidification, 293
Words, understanding of,
by bees, 189;
by talking birds, 267-9
Worms, apparent intelligence of, 24
Wright, his portrait-painting recognised by a dog, 454-5
YARRELL,
on fish, 246;
on intelligence of hare, 358-9
Youatt, on pigs learning to point game, 340
Young, the Rev. Charles, on emotions and intelligence of
elephant, 390-92
Young, Miss E., on dog finding his way about by train, 468
Yule, Captain, on elephants dying under emotional disturbance, 395
THE END.
FOOTNOTES:
[282] January 14, 1881. The marble slab was left with him after the
chain had been fastened to the ring; but since that time he has never
attempted to move the marble.
ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE.
By GEORGE J. ROMANES, F.R.S.,
Zoölogical Secretary of the Linnæan Society, etc.
12MO. CLOTH, $1.75.
"My object in the work as a whole is twofold: First, I have thought it
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themselves with the particular level of intelligence to which this or
that species of animal attains. My second and much more important object
is that of considering the facts of animal intelligence in their
relation to the theory of descent."--_From the Preface._
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"The author believes himself, not without ample cause, to have
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"The chapter on monkeys closes this excellent work, and perhaps the most
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"One of the most interesting volumes of the series."--_New York
Christian at Work._
"Few subjects have a greater fascination for the general reader than
that with which this book is occupied."--_Good Literature, New York._
_For sale by all booksellers; or sent by mail, post-paid, on receipt of
price._
New York: D. APPLETON & CO., 1, 3, and 5 Bond Street.
ANTS, BEES, AND WASPS.
_A Record of Observations on the Habits of the Social Hymenoptera._
By Sir JOHN LUBBOCK, Bart., M. P., F. R. S., etc.,
Author of "Origin of Civilization, and the Primitive Condition of Man,"
etc., etc.
WITH COLORED PLATES. 12MO. Cloth, $2.00.
"This volume contains the record of various experiments made with ants,
bees, and wasps during the last ten years, with a view to test their
mental condition and powers of sense. The principal point in which Sir
John's mode of experiment differs from those of Huber, Forel, McCook,
and others, is that he has carefully watched and marked particular
insects, and has had their nests under observation for long periods--one
of his ants' nests having been under constant inspection ever since
1874. His observations are made principally upon ants because they show
more power and flexibility of mind; and the value of his studies is that
they belong to the department of original research."
"We have no hesitation in saying that the author has presented us with
the most valuable series of observations on a special subject that has
ever been produced, charmingly written, full of logical deductions, and,
when we consider his multitudinous engagements, a remarkable
illustration of economy of time. As a contribution to insect psychology,
it will be long before this book finds a parallel."--_London Athenæum._
"These studies, when handled by such a master as Sir John Lubbock, rise
far above the ordinary dry treatment of such topics. The work is an
effort made to discover what are the general, not the special, laws
which govern communities of insects composed of inhabitants as numerous
as the human beings living in London and Peking, and who labor together
in the utmost harmony for the common good. That there are remarkable
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If, according to Mr. Grote, 'positive morality under some form or other
has existed in every society of which the world has ever had
experience,' the present volume is an effort to show whether this
passage be correct or not."--_New York Times._
"In this work the reader will find the record of a series of experiments
and observations more thorough and ingenious than those instituted by
any of the accomplished author's predecessors. . . . Sir John has been a
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from thirty to forty communities under his notice, and not only watching
each of these in its carefully isolated glass house, but, by the use of
paint-marks, following the fortunes of individuals. . . . One notable
result of this system has been the correcting of previous theories as to
the age to which ants attain: instead of living merely a year, as the
popular belief has been, some of Sir John's queens and workers are
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World._
"Sir John Lubbock's book on 'Ants, Bees, and Wasps' is mainly devoted to
the crawlers, and not the fliers, though he has some observations upon
honey-bees and more interesting ones upon the unpopular wasp, which he
fondly deems to be capable of gratitude. Darwin made a strong case for
the monkeys, but Lubbock may yet make us out to be, as Irishmen say,
'The sons of our ants.' For he begins his entertaining book thus: 'The
anthropoid apes no doubt approach nearer to man in bodily structure than
do any other animals, but, when we consider the habits of ants, their
large communities and elaborate habitations, their roadways, their
possession of domestic animals, and, even in some cases, of slaves, it
must be admitted that they have a fair claim to rank next to man in the
scale of intelligence.'"--_Springfield Republican._
_For sale by all booksellers; or sent by mail, post-paid, on receipt of
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New York: D. APPLETON & CO., 1, 3, & 5 Bond Street.
* * * * *
Transcriber's Notes:
Obvious punctuation errors repaired. Sometimes the footnote number did
not appear with the footnote at the bottom of the page. (Page 27, 154)
In these cases it was replaced.
Page 76, "every" changed to "ever" (scarcely ever return)
Page 95, "1" changed to "I" (I now walked)
Page 119, "trucks" changed to "trunks" (under fallen trunks)
Page 177, "circumstancces" changed to "circumstances" (themselves to
circumstances)
Page 178, section header "Special Habits" was small-capped instead of
italic in the original. This was changed to italic to match the rest of
the text's usage.
Page 181, "betweeen" changed to "between" (saucer between them)
Page 213, this page had two footnote references but only one footnote
anchor. This footnote has been renamed "[A] _Loc. cit._, p. 323." It is
right after footnote [83].
Page 218, "tamd" changed to "tamed" (who has 'tamed' spiders)
Page 246, "Uunder" changed to "Under" (Under such circumstances)
Page 285, the footnote number was missing at the bottom of the page and
was inserted in the text.
Page 316, "shuuters" changed to "shutters" (these said shutters)
Page 322, "tri l" changed to "trial" (the work another trial)
Page 324, "appa ently" changed to "apparently" (apparently being tried)
Page 367, "pyschology" changed to "psychology" (of the psychology of
this)
Page 375, "eth" changed to "the" (the building of a stick)
Page 384, "once" changed to "one" (In one case Prof. Aggaziz)
Page 420, "intelgence" changed to "intelligence" (exerted upon their
intelligence)
Page 457, footnote originally at bottom of page (now on page 470),
"retreiver" changed to "retriever" (and retriever of my own)
Page 459, "Broun" changed to "Brown" (writing from Brown university)
Page 476, "on" changed to "an" (spends an hour or two)
Page 483, footnote missing number was added.
Index: when an entry was changed so that its correct spelling placed it
out of alphabetical order from its original location, it was relocated.
Page 500, "Atenchus" changed to "Ateuchus" (_Atenchus pilularius_, 226)
Page 501, "Blackhouse" changed to "Backhouse" to match usage in text
(Backhouse, R. O., on dog)
Page 502, under entry: "Büchner, Professor," "On termites" was
originally printed "on termites." As this was a subheading, the "On" was
capitalized to match the form of the rest of the index.
Page 503, under entry: "Cat, the", "42" changed to "25" (general
intelligence of, 413-25)
Page 504, entry: "_Corvus cornice_" was originally above "Couch". This
was adjusted.
Page 505, "Doldorff" changed to "Daldorff" (Daldorff, on climbing perch)
Pgae 507, "Gelasinnus" changed to "Gelasimus" (_Gelasimus_, 233)
Page 508, "Heber" changed to "Huber"; "289" changed to "389" (Huber,
Bishop, on sympathy of elephant, 389)
Page 509, "Hydrargyra" changed to "Hydrargzra" (_Hydrargrza_, 248)
Page 510, "Jilson" changed to "Jillson" (Jillson, Professor, on habits)
Page 511, "Lespes" changed to "Lespès."
Page 511, "MacLaurin" changed to "Maclaurin" (Maclaurin, on mathematical
principles)
Page 511, "Macropodos" changed to "Macropodus" (_Macropodus_, 244)
Page 511, "M'Cook" changed to "MacCook" (MacCook, the Rev. Dr.)
Page 512, "M'Cready" changed to "M'Crady" (M'Crady, on larva of
_Medusæ_)
Page 513, "Myrionphyllum" changed to "Myriophyllum" (_Myriophyllum
spicatum_, 243)
Page 513, "Ervingii" changed to "Ewingii" (_Noctua Ewingii_, 238)
Page 514, "capillata" changed to "capillatus"; "332" changed to "232"
(_Podocerus capillatus_, 232)
Page 515, entry under "Recognition," "by snakes and tortoises," "269"
changed to "259." (tortoises, 259-61)
Page 515, "Croom" changed to "Croora" (Robertson, Professor G. Croora)
Page 517, entry: "Strauss, on co-operation of beetles" was missing its
page reference. "228" added to text. (co-operation of beetles, 228)
Page 518, "Timea" changed to "Tinea" (_Tinea_, 237)
Page 519, "Wedgewood" changed to "Wedgwood" (Wedgwood, the Rev. R. H.,
on memory)
Ad for "Ants, Bees and Wasps," "communties" changed to "communities"
(govern communities of insects)
End of Project Gutenberg's Animal Intelligence, by George J. Romanes