Transcriber Note
Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.
GLACIÈRES
OR
FREEZING CAVERNS
[Illustration: ICE SLOPE AND BASIN, KOLOWRATSHÖHLE.]
GLACIÈRES
OR
FREEZING CAVERNS
BY
EDWIN SWIFT BALCH
A. B. (Harvard); F. R. G. S.
Member of the Franklin Institute
Of the Appalachian Mountain Club
Of the American Philosophical Society
Author of "Mountain Exploration," &c.
Philadelphia
ALLEN, LANE & SCOTT
1900
Copyright, 1900, by
EDWIN SWIFT BALCH.
Press of
ALLEN, LANE & SCOTT,
Philadelphia, Pa.
THIS BOOK IS
AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED TO
MY MOTHER,
WHOSE DEEP INTEREST IN
MY WORK HAS
HELPED ME GREATLY.
PRELIMINARY NOTE.
Many kind friends have given me information about glacières or
assistance in my work. I am especially indebted to Mr. Robert Butler,
of San José, Cal.; Mr. F. H. Cushing, of Washington, D. C.; Professor
Charles E. Fay, of Tufts College, Mass.; Professor Eberhard Fugger, of
Salzburg, Austria; Mr. Alois F. Kovarik, of Decorah, Iowa; Monsieur
E. A. Martel, of Paris, France; Mr. John Ritchie, Jr., of Boston,
Mass.; Professor I. C. Russell, of Ann Arbor, Mich.; Miss H. Varena,
of Wiesbaden, Germany; and Miss Mary Coxe, Mr. G. L. Farnum, Mr. J.
E. Farnum, Mr. F. L. Garrison, Mr. W. C. Hall, Mr. E. I. H. Howell,
Mrs. Horace Jayne, Mr. W. E. Meehan, Mr. C. J. Nicholson, Mr. G. B.
Phillips, Mr. Bunford Samuel, Mr. W. W. Wagner, and Dr. W. H. Wahl, of
Philadelphia. I wish to acknowledge also the help I have derived from
the Bibliothèque Nationale and the library of the British Museum.
E. S. B.
Philadelphia, February the 10th, 1900.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
Part I. Experiences in Glacières 1