doing what they know to be wrong--I could not help it? I was forced into
it. What would you have a man do? One must live; and so forth. One
finds himself in danger, and tries to lie himself out of it. Another
finds himself in difficulties, and begins playing ugly tricks in money
matters. Another finds himself in want, and steals. The general opinion
of the world is, that right-doing, justice, truth, and honesty, are very
graceful luxuries for those who can afford them; very good things when a
man is easy, prosperous, and well off, and without much serious business
on hand: but not for the real hard work of life; not for times of
ambition and struggle, any more than of distress and anxiety, or of
danger and difficulty. In such times, if a man may not lie a little,
cheat a little, do a questionable stroke of business now and then; how is
he to live? So it is in the world, so it always was; and so it always
will be. From statesmen ruling nations, and men of business "conducting
great financial operations," as the saying is now, down to the beggar-
woman who comes to ask charity, the rule of the world is, that honesty is
_not_ the best policy; that falsehood and cunning are not only
profitable, but necessary; that in proportion as a man is in trouble, in
that proportion he has a right to go wrong.
A right to go wrong. A right to make bad worse. A right to break God's
laws, because we are too stupid or too hasty to find out what God's laws
are. A right, as the wise man puts it, to draw bills on nature which she
will _not_ honour; but return them on a man's hands with "No effects"
written across them, leaving the man to pay after all, in misery and
shame. Truly said Solomon of old--The foolishness of fools is folly.
But the Psalmist, because he was inspired by the Spirit of God, was of
quite the opposite opinion. So far from thinking that his trouble gave
him a right to go wrong, he thought that his trouble laid on him a duty
to go right, more right than he had ever gone before; and that going
right was the only possible way of getting out of his troubles.
"Take from me," he cries, "the way of lying, and cause Thou me to make
much of Thy law.
"I have chosen the way of truth, and Thy judgments have I laid before me.
"Incline mine heart unto Thy testimonies, and not unto covetousness.
"Oh turn away mine eyes, lest they behold vanity, and quicken Thou me in
Thy way.
"Thy word is my comfort in my trouble; for Thy word hath quickened me.
"The proud have had me exceedingly in derision, yet have I not shrunk
from Thy law.
"For I remembered Thine everlasting judgments, O God, and received
comfort.
"Thy statutes have been my songs, in the house of my pilgrimage.
"I have thought upon Thy name, O Lord, in the night-season, and have kept
Thy law."
This was the Psalmist's plan for delivering himself out of trouble. A
very singular plan, which very few persons try, either now, or in any
age. And therefore it is, that so many persons are not delivered out of
their troubles, but sink deeper and deeper into them, heaping new
troubles on old ones, till they are crushed beneath the weight of their
own sins.
What the special trouble was, in which the Psalmist found himself, we are
not told. But it is plain from his words, that it was just that very
sort of trouble, in which the world is most ready to excuse a man for
lying, cringing, plotting, and acting on the old devil's maxim that
"Cunning is the natural weapon of the weak." For the Psalmist was weak,
oppressed and persecuted by the great and powerful. But his method of
defending himself against them was certainly not the way of the world.
Princes, he says, sat and spoke against him. But; instead of fawning on
them, excusing himself, entreating their mercy: he was occupied in God's
statutes.
The proud had him exceedingly in derision--as I am afraid too many
worldly men, poor as well as rich, working men as well as idlers, would
do now--seeing him occupied in God's statutes, when he might have been
occupied in winning money, and place, and renown for himself.
But he did not shrink from God's law. If it was true, he could afford to
be laughed at for obeying it.
The congregation of the ungodly robbed him. But he did not forget God's
law. If they did wrong, that was no reason why he should do wrong
likewise.
The proud imagined a lie against him. But he would keep God's
commandments with his whole heart, instead of breaking God's
commandments, and justifying their slander, and making their lie true.
Still, it went very hard with him. His honour and his faith were sorely
tried. He was dried up like a bottle in the smoke. It seems to have
been with him at times a question of life and death; till he had hardly
any hope left. He had to ask, almost in despair--How many are the days
of Thy servant? When wilt Thou be avenged of them that persecute me? The
proud dug pits for him, contrary to the law of God; contrary to honour
and justice; and almost made an end of him upon earth. The ungodly laid
wait to destroy him.
But against them all he had but one weapon, and one defence. However
much afraid he might be of his enemies, he was still more afraid of doing
wrong. His flesh, he said, trembled for fear of God; and he was afraid
of God's judgments. Therefore his only safety was, in pleasing God, and
not men. I deal, he says, with the thing that is lawful and right. Oh
give me not over to my oppressors. Make Thy servant to delight in what
is good, that the proud do me no wrong. If he could but keep right, he
would be safe at last.
I will consider Thy testimonies, O Lord. I see that all things come to
an end. Bad times, and bad chances, and still more bad men, and bad ways
for escaping out of trouble--they all come to an end. But Thy
commandment is exceeding broad. Exceeding broad. There are depths below
depths of meaning in that true saying; depths which you will find true,
if you will but read your Bibles, and obey your Bibles. For in them, I
tell you openly, you will find rules to guide you in every chance and
change of this mortal life. Truly said the good man that there were in
the Bible "shallows where a lamb may drink, and deeps wherein an elephant
may swim."
There are no possible circumstances, good or bad, pleasant or unpleasant,
in which you can find yourselves, be you rich or poor, young or old,
without finding in the Bible sound advice, and a clear rule, as to how
God would have you behave under those circumstances. For God's
commandments are exceeding broad, and take in all cases of conscience,
all details of duty; saying to each and every one of us, at every
turn--"This is the way, walk ye in it."
At least this is the teaching, this is the testimony, this is the life-
experience, of a true hero, namely, the man who wrote the 119th Psalm; a
hero according to God, but not according to the world, and the pomp and
glory of the world.
No great statesman was he, nor conqueror, nor merchant, nor financier
passing millions of money through his hands yearly; and all fancying that
they, and not God, govern the nations upon earth, and decide the fate of
empires.
He was a man who made no noise in the world: though the world, it seems,
made a little noise at him in his time, as it does often bark and yell at
those who will not go its way; as it barked at poor Christian, when he
went through Vanity Fair, and would not buy its wares, or join in its
frivolities. Such a man was this Psalmist; for whom the world had
nothing but scorn first, and then forgetfulness. We do not know his
name, or where he lived. We do not even know, within a few hundred
years, when he lived. I picture him to myself always as a poor,
shrivelled, stooping, mean-looking old man; his visage marred more than
any man, and his figure more than the sons of men; no form nor comeliness
in him, nor beauty that men should desire him; despised and rejected of
men: a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief, even as his Master was
after him.
And all that he has left behind him--as far as we can tell--is this one
psalm which he wrote, as may be guessed from its arrangement, slowly, and
with exceeding care, as the very pith and marrow of an experience spread
over many painful years of struggle and of humiliation.
I say of humiliation. For there is not a taint of self-conceit, not even
of self-satisfaction, in him. He only sees his own weakness, and want of
life, of spirit, of manfulness, of power. His soul cleaveth to the dust.
He is tempted, of course, again and again, to give way; to become low-
minded, cowardly, time-serving, covetous, worldly. But he dares not. He
feels that his only chance is to keep his honour unspotted; and he
cries--Whatever happens,--I must do right. I must learn to do right.
Teach me to do right. Teach me, O Lord, teach me; and strengthen me, O
Lord, strengthen me, and then all must come right at last. That was his
cry. And, be you sure, he did not cry in vain.
For this man had one precious possession; which he determined not to
lose, not though he died in trying to hold it fast; namely, the Eternal
Spirit of God; the Spirit of Righteousness, and Truth, and Justice, which
leads men into all truth. By that Spirit he saw into the Eternal Laws of
God. By that Spirit he saw who made and who administers those Eternal
Laws, even the Eternal Word of God, who endureth for ever in heaven. By
that Spirit he saw that his only hope was to keep those eternal laws. By
that Spirit he vowed to keep them. By that Spirit he had strength to
keep them. By that Spirit, when he failed he tried again; when he fell
he rose and fought on once more, to keep the commandments of the Lord.
And where is he now? Where is he now? Where those will never come--let
false preachers and false priests flatter them as they may--who fancy
that they can get to heaven without being good and doing good. Where
those will never come, likewise, who, when they find themselves in
trouble, try to help themselves out of it by false and mean methods; and
so begin worshipping the devil, just when they have most need to worship
God. He is where the fearful and unbelievers and all liars can never
come. He is with the Word of the Lord, who endureth for ever in heaven.
With the Word of the Lord, who endured awhile on earth, even as he the
Psalmist endured. Who before Pontius Pilate witnessed a good confession,
and endured the cross, despising the shame, because He cared neither for
riches, nor for pleasure, for power, nor for glory; but simply for His
Father's will, and His Father's law, that He might do to the uttermost
the will of His Father who sent Him, and keep to the uttermost that Law
of which His Father says to Him for ever--"Thou art my Son, to-day have I
begotten Thee."
Into His presence may we all come at last! But we shall never come
thither, unless we keep our honour bright, our courage unbroken, and
ourselves unspotted from the world. For so only will be fulfilled in us
the sixth Beatitude--Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see
God. Unto which may God of His free mercy bring us all. Amen.
SERMON XIV. THE WORD OF GOD.
PSALM CXIX. 89-96.
O Lord, Thy word endureth for ever in heaven. Thy truth also
remaineth from one generation to another: Thou hast laid the
foundation of the earth, and it abideth. They continue this day
according to Thine ordinance: for all things serve Thee. If my
delight had not been in Thy law, I should have perished in my trouble.
I will never forget Thy commandments: for with them Thou hast
quickened me. I am Thine, oh save me: for I have sought Thy
commandments. The ungodly laid wait for me to destroy me: but I will
consider Thy testimonies. I see that all things come to an end: but
Thy commandment is exceeding broad.
This text is of infinite importance, to you, and me, and all mankind. For
if the text is not true; if there is not a Word of God, who endures and
is settled for ever in heaven: then this world is a miserable and a mad
place; and the best thing, it seems to me, that we poor ignorant human
beings can do, is to eat and drink, for to morrow we die.
But that is not the best thing we can do; but the very worst thing. The
best thing that we can do, and the only thing worth doing is, to be good,
and do good, at all risks and all costs, trusting to the Word of God, who
endures for ever in heaven.
But who is this Word of God? I say who, not what. We often call the
Bible the Word of God: and so it is in one sense, because it tells us,
from beginning to end, about this other Word of God. It is, so to speak,
God's word or message about this Word. But it is plain that the Psalmist
is not speaking here of the Bible; for he says--
"Thy Word endureth for ever in Heaven:" and the Bible is not in heaven,
but on earth.
But in the Bible, usually, this Word of the Lord means not only the
message which God sends, but Him by whom God sends it. The Word of God,
Word of the Lord, is spoken of again and again, not as a thing, but as a
person, a living rational being, who comes to men, and speaks to them,
and teaches them; sometimes, seemingly, by actual word of mouth;
sometimes again, by putting thoughts into their minds, and words into
their mouths.
Recollect Samuel: how when he was young the Word of the Lord was
precious--that is, uncommon, and almost unknown in those days; and how
the Lord came and called Samuel, Samuel; and put a word into his mouth
against Eli. And so the Lord appeared again in Shiloh; for the Lord
revealed Himself to Samuel in Shiloh by The Word of the Lord. In
Samuel's case, there was, it seems, an actual voice, which fell on
Samuel's ears. In the case of the later prophets, we do not read that
they usually heard any actual voice, or saw any actual appearance. It
seems that the Word of the Lord who came to them inspired their minds
with true thoughts, and inspired their lips to speak those thoughts in
noble words, often in regular poetry. But He was The Word of the Lord,
nevertheless. Again and again, we read in those grand old prophets, "The
Word of the Lord came unto me, saying,"--or again, "The Word which came
to Jeremiah from the Lord, saying." It is not the Bible which is meant
by such words as these--I am sorry to have to remind a nineteenth century
congregation of this fact--but a living being, putting thoughts into the
prophets' minds, and words into their mouths, and a divine passion too,
into their hearts, which they could not resist; like poor Jeremiah of
old, when he was reproached and derided about The Word of the Lord, and
said, "I will not make mention of Him, nor speak any more in His name.
But He was in my heart as a burning fire shut up in my bones, and I was
weary with forbearing, and I could not hold my peace."
But now, what words are these which we read of this same Word of the
Lord, in the first chapter of St John's Gospel? "In the beginning was
The Word: and The Word was with God, and The Word was God. By Him all
things were made, and without Him was not anything made that was made.
And in Him was life, and the life was the light of men."
Thus--as always--the Old Testament and the New, the Psalmist and St John,
agree together.
This is the gospel and good news, which the Psalmist saw in part, but
which St John saw fully and perfectly. But because the Psalmist saw it
even in part, he saw that The Word of the Lord endured for ever in
heaven; and that therefore his only hope of safety was to listen eagerly
and reverently for what that Word might choose to say to him.
But why does the Psalmist seemingly go out of his way, as it were, to
say, "Thou hast laid the foundation of the earth, and it abideth. They
continue this day according to Thine ordinance, for all things serve
Thee"?
For the very same reason that St John goes, seemingly, out of his way to
say, "All things were made by The Word, and without Him was not anything
made that was made."
Why is this?
Look at it thus: What an important question it is, whether This Word of
God is a being of order; a regular being; a law-abiding being; a being on
whose actions men can count; who can be trusted, and depended on, not to
alter His own ways, not to deceive us poor mortal men.
The Psalmist wants to know his way through this world, and his duty in
this mortal life. Therefore he must learn the laws and rules of this
world. And he has the sense to see, that no one can teach him the rules
of the world, but the Ruler of the world, and the Maker of the world.
Then comes the terrible question--too many, alas! have not got it
answered rightly yet--
But are there any rules at all in the world? Does The Lord manage the
world by rules and laws? Or does He let things go by chance and
accident, and take no care about them? Is there such a thing as God's
Providence: or is there not? To that the Psalmist answers firmly,
because he is inspired by the Spirit of God--
O Lord, Thy Word endureth--is settled--for ever in heaven. In Thee is no
carelessness, neglect, slothfulness, nor caprice. Thou hast no
variableness, neither shadow of turning. Thou hast laid the foundation
of the earth, and it abideth. They continue this day according to Thine
ordinance; for all things serve Thee. The world is full of settled and
enduring rules and laws; and God keeps to them. The Psalmist looks at
the sun, moon and stars over his head, each keeping its settled course,
and its settled season: and he sees them all obeying law. He looks at
summer and winter, seedtime and harvest: and he sees them obeying law. He
looks at birth and growth, at decay and death; and sees them too, obeying
law. He looks at the very flowers beneath his feet, and the buds in the
woodland, and all the crowd of living things about him, animal, vegetable
and mineral: and they too obey law; each after their kind. The world, he
says, is full of law. It is a settled world, an orderly world, made and
governed by a Lord of order, who makes laws and enforces laws; a Lord
whose Word endures for ever in heaven. Therefore--he feels--I can trust
that Lord. If He has laws for the beasts and birds, He must have, much
more, laws for men. If He has laws for men's bodies, much more has He
laws for their souls. What I have to do, is to ask Him to teach me those
laws, that I may live.
But then comes another, and even a more awful question--If I ask Him,
will He teach me? Alas! alas! too many have not found the answer yet;
too many of those who know most about the Laws of Nature, and reverence
those laws most: and all honour to them for so doing; for, even though
they know it not, they are preparing the way of the Lord, and making His
paths straight. But they have not found the right answer to that
question yet. Still there the question is; and you and I, and every soul
of man, must get some reasonable answer or other to it, if we wish to be
men indeed, men in spirit and in truth; and it is this--
If I ask this Word of God to teach me His Laws--Will He teach me? Will
He hear me? Can He hear: or is He Himself a mere brute force, a law of
nature and necessity? And even if not, will He hear? Or is He, too,
like those Epicurean gods, of whom our great poet sings--a sad and
hopeless song:--
They lie beside their nectar, and the bolts are hurled
Far below them in the valleys, and the clouds are lightly curled
Round their golden houses, girdled with the gleaming world,
Where they smile in secret, looking over wasted lands,
Blight and famine, plague and earthquake, roaring deeps and fiery
sands,
Clanging fights, and flaming towns, and sinking ships, _and praying
hands_.
_And praying hands_. Oh, my friends, is not the question of all
questions for such poor mortal souls as you and me, beset by ignorance
and weakness, and passions which are our own worst enemies, and chances
and catastrophes which we cannot avert--Is not the question of all
questions for such as us--Will this same Word of God--will any unseen
being out of the infinite void which surrounds our little speck of a
planet, take any notice of our praying hands? Will He hear us, teach us,
when we cry? Or is God, and The Word of God, like those old heathen
gods? Is He a God who hides Himself, and leaves us to despair and
chance: or is He a God who hears, and gives us even a single ray of hope?
Is He a gracious God, who will hear every man's tale, however clumsily
told, and judge it according to its merits: or even--for that is better
than dead silence and carelessness--according to its demerits? Is He a
just God? Or has He likes and dislikes, favourites and victims; as human
rulers and statesmen, and human parties too, and mobs, are wont to have?
May He not, even, like those Epicurean gods, despise men? find a proud
satisfaction in deceiving them; or at least letting them deceive
themselves?--in playing with their ignorance, and leaving them to reap
the fruits of their own childishness?
To that the Psalmist answers--and I know not how he learnt to answer so,
save by the inspiration of the Spirit of God; for I know well that
neither flesh and blood, the experience of his own brain, thoughts, and
emotions, nor the world around him, either of nature or of man, would
ever have revealed that to him--to that he answers confidently, in spite
of all appearances--
Thy truth, O Lord, abideth from one generation to another. Thou art a
truthful God, a faithful God, whose word can be taken. A God in whom is
no variableness, neither shadow of turning; who keepeth His promise for
ever; true, as man can be true; and truer than the truest man. And I
know it, says he, by experience. God has actually taught me His law: for
if my delight had not been in it, I should have perished in my trouble. I
will never forget His commandments; for by them He has given me life; has
taught me what to do, and enabled me to do it, to prevent the death and
ruin of my body, and soul, and spirit.
Now for the very same reason it is, that St John is so careful, first to
tell us that The Word of God made all things; and then to tell us that He
is full of grace and truth.
He tells us that The Word made all things, that we may be sure that He is
a God of order, because all things which He has made are full of order; a
God who acts by rules and laws which we may trust. He tells us that The
Word made all things, that we may be sure that all things, being His
handy-work, will bear witness of Him and teach us about Him, and shew
forth His glory.
But he tells us moreover--Oh gospel, and good news for blind and weak
humanity!--that The Word's glory is full of grace; gracious; ready to
condescend; ready to teach us, and give us light to see our way through
this world which He has made.
He tells us that The Word's glory is full of truth; that He is truthful,
accurate, and to be depended on; and will tell us nothing but what is
true. That He is a true Word of God, and when He speaks to us of His
Father and of our Father, He tells the truth.
And so do St John and the Psalmist agree in the same gospel, and good
news, of the mystery of Christ The Word.
There is an eternal Being in heaven, who is called The Word of God;
because He speaks of, and reveals--that is, unveils and shews--to men,
and angels, and archangels, and all created beings, that God whom no man
hath seen, or can see; a Word who dwells for ever in the bosom of The
Father, in the light which no man can approach unto: but who for ever
comes forth from thence to proclaim to all created beings--There is a
God, and The Word is His likeness; the brightness of His glory, and the
express image of His person. None hath seen the Father at any time: but
the only-begotten Son, who is in the bosom of the Father, He hath
declared Him. None cometh to the Father, but through Him. But he who
hath seen Him, hath seen the Father; and He is none other than Jesus
Christ our Lord.
He is The Word of God, who speaks to men God's words, because He speaks
not His own words but His Father's, and does not His own will but His
Father's who sends Him.
He speaks to us and to all men, in many ways; and to each according to
his needs. To all men, Christ speaks through their consciences, shewing
them what is good, and warning them of what is evil; for He is the Light
that lighteth every man that cometh into the world. To Christians Christ
speaks in many ways--to which, alas, too few give heed--through the
Bible, through the sacraments, through sermons, through the thoughts and
words of all wise and holy men. To the good He speaks with gracious
encouragement; to the wicked with awful severity. To the hypocrites He
says at times, "Ye serpents, ye generation of vipers, how can ye escape
the damnation of hell?" To the self-satisfied and bigoted He says, "If
ye had been blind, ye had had no sin: but now ye say, We see; therefore
your sin remaineth." To the careless and worldly He says, "I know thy
works, that thou art neither cold nor hot. Thou sayest, I am rich and
increased with goods, I have need of nothing: and knowest not that thou
art wretched, and miserable, and poor, and blind, and naked."
To those who are ruining themselves by their own folly He says, "Why will
ye die? I have no pleasure in the death of him that dieth, saith the
Lord: but rather that he should be converted, and live." To those who
are tormented by their own passions He says, "Take My yoke upon you and
learn of Me, for I am meek and lowly of heart, and ye shall find rest
unto your souls." To those who are wearied with the burden of their own
sins He says, "Come unto Me, all ye that are weary, and heavy laden, and
I will give you rest."
To those who are struggling, however weakly, to do what is right He says,
"I know thy works. Behold, I have set before thee an open door, and none
can shut it; for thou hast a little strength, and hast kept My word, and
hast not denied My name. Because thou hast kept the word of My patience,
I also will keep thee from the hour of temptation."