STILL ON THE WAY TO THE BEAVER HOUSE--THE WINTER CAMP IN THE WOODS--WORK
FOR ALL--FEEDING THE DOGS--OUR BOYS GUARDING THEIR OWN TRAINS--THE
EVENING MEAL--BITTER COLD--MILK IN LUMPS OF ICE--EVENING PRAYERS--THE
WINTRY CAMP BED--TUCKED IN--MYSTERIOUS SOUNDS IN THE FOREST--SMOTHERING
SENSATIONS--SAM'S NIGHTMARE--BREAKFAST--TRICKY DOGS--METHODS OF
CAPTURE--CARIOLES AND SLEDS RELOADED--TRAINS HARNESSED--JOURNEY RESUMED.
A Winter camp in the North Land, and the temperature anywhere from
thirty to sixty below zero! cold? Yes, we think so, and so did Frank,
Alec, and Sam, as now they were passing through their first experience.
As was stated in our last chapter, to the guide was always assigned the
responsibility of selecting the camping place. The place here chosen by
Memotas was considered a very good one. First, because there was
abundance of dead, dry trees to serve as fuel. These had been killed a
year or so before by a great forest fire that had run through that
region of country. Second, there was a fine, dense balsam grove that
had escaped the fire. In one part of it there was sufficient space for
the camp. Then, in addition, by cutting down some of the smaller of
these evergreen trees, their branches, finely broken up, would help to
make the bed more comfortable.
These are the essentials for a good camp: plenty of fuel and a sheltered
spot. It is not always easy to find good camping places, so the guide
is generally on the lookout for such localities. The result is his
quick eye and good memory generally enable him to select all the camps
that will be required on a return journey.
When all the sleds were at the spot selected, the first thing done was
to unharness the dogs, the faithful animals that had so well done their
work. It seemed at first strange to the boys that the dogs could be
treated so differently from what horses would have been when the day's
work was done. Indeed, everything was novel and startling.
A days journey was ended, and they were about to take a night's rest.
But how different from travelling elsewhere. Here was no pleasant hotel
or country tavern in which they could find lodgings. Here were no
hospitable settlers to invite these strangers in to be their guests.
They were preparing to stop out here in the woods all night, where there
was neither hotel nor private dwelling place nearer than the home they
had left now so many miles behind.
No wonder Sam said, as he pulled a piece of ice as big as a pepper
caster off the fur edge of his cap, that had there formed from his
breath:
"This beats all the lodging houses I ever heard of. Faith, and where is
the landlord?"
Alec's practical reply was: "Well, there will be no bill to pay in the
morning, anyway."
"Pay or no pay," said Sam, "I would like to know where we are going to
sleep in such a place as this?"
"And where are we going to eat?" said Frank.
"Wait a little while," said Mr Ross, "and you will see a change that
will astonish you. In the meantime each of you take an axe and see
which of you can first cut down one of those trees. The exercise will
do you good, and then remember," he said with a laugh, "we have no
deadheads on this trip."
Eagerly the boys rushed off to the sleds for their axes, and, putting on
their snowshoes--for the snow was too deep for comfortable work without
them--they were soon busily engaged at what was Gladstone's favourite
exercise. In the meantime the men were hard at work in preparing the
camp. The snow was between three and four feet deep at the place
selected. Using their snowshoes as shovels, they vigorously attacked
the snow and threw it up on two sides and in the rear, making a snow
wall about five feet high on three sides. The two opposite walls were
about twelve feet apart, while the rear wall was perhaps ten feet back
from the front space where the snow was cleared away. Here a great log
heap was soon piled up. Dry splinters and chips were placed under, and
an Indian with his flint and steel soon had it ignited. In a little
while a glorious fire was blazing, lighting up the whole surroundings.
The sun had gone down in splendour and the stars one by one had quickly
come out, and now the whole heavens were aglow with them. On the space
between the snowbanks a heavy layer of the green balsam boughs were
evenly spread. On these the robes and blankets from each sled were
arranged by busy hands, while others attended to various other duties.
Some took large kettles and filled and refilled them up with snow, and
kept them on the blazing fire until they were nearly full of water.
Meat was cooked in some, while tea was made in others.
The dog-drivers looked after their own dogs. From the sleds sufficient
fish were taken to give to each dog two good whitefish. These were the
daily rations of the dogs. The invariable rule is when travelling to
give them but one meal a day, and that is given at the evening camp. So
severe is the frost that these fish are frozen as hard as rocks, and so
the drivers have to knock them off the sticks where in tens they were
strung when caught. Then they are placed against a log that is rolled
as near to the fire as it can be without burning. Against this log the
fish are stood up next to the fire, and well thawed out, ere they are
given to the dogs. Getting but one meal a day, they are naturally very
eager for it, and so it is no wonder if some of them get up an
occasional quarrel. Neither is it surprising if some of the stronger
and more greedy strive to steal some portion of the supper from those
not so active or quick in eating as themselves. One of the best times
to study dog nature is when they are being fed.
The boys, having each cut down a good, large tree, hugely enjoyed the
feeding of the thawed-out fish to their own dogs. They were greatly
amused at the efforts of the greedy ones to rob others. They had their
whips in hand, and while they each took good care not to strike his own
dogs, they rather enjoyed giving a crack to some cunning old rascals
from some of the older trains, that having in all probability imposed on
the youngsters all summer imagined they could with impunity keep it up
here.
"You would, would you, you thieving beast!" said Sam, as with hearty
good will he brought his whip vigorously down on a powerful old dog that
was making a cunning attempt to rob Spitfire of about half a fish.
With a howl of rage the baffled fellow quickly sprang back into the
gloom.
Frank and Alec also had to be equally alert, to see that their dogs were
not robbed by others.
Mr Ross and the Indians were much amused and pleased, to see the zeal
and promptness, with which the boys guarded the rights of their trains.
They said that this was always the way with old dogs; that they would
try most persistently for a few nights, in the beginning of winter, to
rob the younger animals. A few good thrashings generally cured them of
it; and sometimes, to the surprise of some of these old fellows, a
youngster would develop such spirit and strength that he would turn on
the would-be robber and give him a thrashing himself. Then there would
be no trouble from that old fellow afterward.
"I wonder where the dogs will sleep," said Frank.
"Wait a little while and you will see," was the reply from Memotas, the
guide.
Sure enough, it was evident that they knew how to look out for
themselves. The older ones, after being certain that all the fish had
been distributed, would lift up their heads and sniff the breeze. No
matter how slight it was they could easily detect it. Then they would
travel about the camp in the snow until they found a sheltered spot,
free from the wind. Here they would turn round and round until they had
made a hole in the snow, away down near the ground. Then down in it
they would curl themselves into as small a bundle as possible, with
their tails over their noses, and there they would shiver or sleep
through the night, as the cold would permit.
The younger dogs seemed at first very uncertain as to their movements.
Some of them followed the actions of the old dogs, but others, that had
but little of the Eskimo blood in them, clung to the fire and the
company of their masters. For these Mr Ross had a driver bring from
one of the sleds two or three extra buffalo skins, which he thoughtfully
had brought along. These were spread out near the fire, at a spot from
which the snow was partially cleared.
"Now tell your dogs to sleep there," said Mr Ross.
The boys quickly did so, and it was not long before those that had not
gone off and dug nests in the snow for themselves, were closely cuddled
together on the comfortable robes.
In the meantime supper was being prepared by others. Meat and fish in
generous quantities were cooked in the kettles. Bread and flat cakes,
well supplied with grease or fat, were being thawed out, and a large
quantity of good black tea was prepared.
A large deerskin robe was carefully spread out before the fire, and over
this a plain tablecloth was laid. Then the dishes, which were all
indestructible, were placed in position, and the fat meat, strong tea,
and hot rolls or buns were vigorously attacked by Mr Ross and the boys.
While they were thus enjoying their meal the rest of the party, not far
off, were similarly engaged.
There were several things about this camping out in the woods that much
surprised the boys. One was that the numerous sparks from the fire had
such long fiery tails. Another was that the frost so quickly froze up
the large pieces of meat, that often had to be thawed out two or three
times at each meal. Another was that the ice often formed on their cups
of tea, which had been taken boiling hot out of the kettle only a few
minutes before. Then they were startled by sharp reports, like pistol
or musket shots, that they kept hearing from places in the dark forest
all around them, as though some lurking savages were taking snap shots
at them. Two especially were so near, and so real, that Sam jumped up
so suddenly that he spilled his tea over the tablecloth.
"Faith, indeed," he exclaimed, "I don't want to be potted out here by
any wild huntsmen, or Northern desperado, or red Indian."
The other boys were also much startled, but Mr Ross quieted their fears
by telling them that these sounds were caused by the bursting in the
trees, as the result of the freezing sap. Water in freezing always
expands, and as there is sufficient sap in some trees, when it freezes,
it bursts them. It must expand, and tremendous is its power, as even
the burst rocks show.
"It is a good thing that the ice remains on the top of the water," said
Frank. "As it freezes it expands, and thus, being lighter than the
water, it comes to the top."
"What a mess we would be in," said Sam, "if as the ice froze in chunks
it sank to the bottom and kept at it all winter. Sure then, before
spring, in such a land as this, the lakes and rivers would all be one
solid mass of ice, and then what would become of the fish and us?"
"A sensible remark, Sam, and characteristically put," said Mr Ross.
"If the ice were heavier than the water, and continued sinking, the
colder regions would continually be encroaching on the warmer, to such a
degree that in time the earth's habitable portions would be very much
diminished."
"Why is it," said Alec, "that the milk which we are carrying in chunks,
wrapped up in paper bags, when put into our cups of tea, does not melt
as soon as do the lumps of white sugar of the same size?"
"Closely examine a lump of frozen milk, and also a lump of sugar, and
you will easily see the reason," said Mr Ross. "When milk is firmly
frozen it is very solid indeed--so solid that even hot water can only
melt it on its surface. With a lump of sugar it is very different, as
on account of its porousness the water at once forces its way through
it, and thus is able to quickly dissolve it."
Thus in pleasant chat the hour passed away in spite of the bitter cold.
They were all securely wrapped up, only portions of their faces being
visible. They regretted that they could not handle their knives and
forks with their heavy mittens on their hands, but were obliged to
exchange them for well-lined gloves while they ate. After all had eaten
their hearty supper, and were now gathered near the fire, one of the
Indians, who, like the rest of his country men in this party, was an
earnest, devout Christian, struck up in a strong, melodious voice the
Evening Hymn, translated into his own language.
Quickly the others joined in, while Mr Ross and the boys sang in unison
the English words. After the hymn was sung, and ended up with Ken's
beautiful doxology, "Praise God from whom all blessings flow," another
Indian devoutly prayed in his own language, after which the service
ended by all repeating together the Lord's Prayer in English.
The boys were very much pleased and delighted with this evening service
of praise and prayer. Their weird surroundings added to its
impressiveness. Then the fact that they were out in the cold forest,
with no roof above them but the starry heavens and no walls around them
but snowbanks, and the temperature so many degrees below zero, made the
petition in the beautiful hymn sung very appropriate:
Keep me, O keep me, King of kings,
Beneath thine own almighty wings!
After prayers the men made a thorough examination of the sleds and
harness, to see that everything was in good condition, as they intended,
if all was well, to start on the journey long hours before daylight.
Then the beds were made. This operation very much interested the boys.
The first thing the Indians did was to put everybody out of the camp;
then they scattered fresh green balsam boughs, finely broken up, over
the whole spot, from which the snow had nearly all been cleared. Then,
on the side where Mr Ross and the boys were to sleep, the Indian
bedmakers first spread out a deerskin wrapper, which during the day was
used to hold all the various articles constituting a sleigh load, the
whole then being securely lashed on by deerskin straps. It was made by
sewing several large, well-dressed deerskins together. This large
wrapper being made smooth and even, there was next spread out on it a
couple of splendid buffalo skins. Then on the top of these the warm,
thick blankets known as four-point Hudson Bay Company's blankets were
placed.
While the bed was being thus prepared Mr Ross and the three boys were
busily employed in preparing themselves to occupy it. It can be readily
understood that there was no such thing as "undressing" for bed in such
a cold bedroom.
"Unloose your collars and shirt bands," was all the directions given, as
far as disrobing was concerned.
The heavy travelling moccasins used during the day were exchanged either
for long fur boots that came up to the hips, or for much larger and
softer moccasins than those used during the day.
It generally added to the comfort if a few of the tightest buttons on
some of the inner garments were unloosed. Then the heavy blanket coats,
which had been well dried of all the perspiration absorbed during the
day, and well warmed, were put on. The heavy fur caps, with the big fur
ears, were well drawn down, while, over all, the warm capotes, as hoods,
were pulled up on the head and down in front to the nose. Great fur
mittens made of beaver and otter fur were then drawn on the hands, and
the night suit was complete.
Mr Ross took the outside place. Then Sam, Alec, and Frank cuddled down
in the order named. There they lay with their feet as near to the fire
as it was safe, so as not to burn the blankets or robes. Then the
Indians quickly threw some heavy blankets and fur robes over them and
began at their feet to tuck them in. Indians are very clever and handy
at all such work, their movements are all so gentle and skillful. They
would make the best nurses in the world. No woman is quieter, quicker,
or more prompt just to do the right thing in the right way than an
Indian attendant with a little training. It seems to come to them more
natural than to any other people. So here they so daintily, and yet so
thoroughly, tucked in the "master," as they called Mr Ross, and his
three young guests.
The boys enjoyed the operation hugely until they reached their heads.
Then, as the Indians began to tuck in both blankets and fur robes under
their heads, completely covering them up, it was a new experience, and
one not very pleasant to contemplate. Mr Ross, who was an old
traveller in this land, and one who had slept out hundreds of nights in
this way, was not at all discommoded by the tucking in. But it was too
much for the boys. They stood it as long as they could, and then almost
simultaneously they threw up their arms and pulled down the heavy
coverings from their faces.
"O dear!" said Sam. "Let me freeze to death, but for dear old Ireland's
sake don't smother me. If ye must send word to my mother that I have
been frozen to death or eaten by bears she will believe you, and
survive, but let it never be told that the Irish lad perished in this
country under fur robes and blankets."
This pathetic lament of Sam's brought forth roars of laughter from all
who could understand it.
"What have you to say, Alec?" said Mr Ross.
"Well, the fact is," he replied, "I was feeling about as Sam has
expressed it, only I put it in a different way. My thoughts were: `It
is queer that I should have escaped from the wolves to be suffocated in
this land for the want of fresh air!'"
"What say you, Frank. We may as well hear from all."
His answer was: "Well, as I lay there on that contracted place, and the
half-smothery sensation began to make life miserable, I remembered some
of the lessons we were taught at school about requiring so many cubic
feet of fresh air, and began to wonder if such laws were obsolete out
here."
With a little more freedom the boys were again tucked in, and it was not
long before they were sound asleep.
Memotas, the guide, rolled himself up in a woven rabbit skin robe, which
was made out of a hundred and twenty skins, sixty being the warp and
sixty the woof. His place was next to Frank. Then the other Indians,
in their blankets, when they had finished their smoking, laid down
wherever there was room. These hardy natives do not wear half of the
clothing by day that white people do, neither do they require such warm
beds at night.
The only disturbance in the night was caused by Sam. He set up a great
howling, which caused the guide to spring up in a hurry to see what was
the matter. In the morning, when Sam was questioned as to his troubles
in the night, he said he was dreaming that he was sliding down one of
the Rocky Mountains with an elephant after him, and just as he reached
the bottom the elephant tumbled on him, and there he lay yelling for
help, until at length some one came and drove the elephant away.
This was too much for even the sedate, clever Memotas, and as Mr Ross
noticed his hearty laugh, as a thing so unusual, he said:
"Come, Memotas, you must surely know something about this."
"Yes," he answered, "I saw the elephant. It was Spitfire, his dog. I
heard Alec moaning gently at first, and so I uncovered my head, for I
wake very easily, and there was his dog. He was coming up from his
feet, for the fire was burning low. He would take one or two steps and
then stop and smell. I saw he was trying to find his master, so I did
not disturb him. Soon he came up so far that he could lie down on Sam's
chest, on the outside on the robes. Then Sam, he began howling, and so
he had what you white people call the nightmare, but this time it was
the night-dog." And Memotas softly laughed again, and others joined
with him at Sam's expense.
At Mr Ross's request a large quantity of fuel had been cut the previous
evening, so that the fire was not allowed to go entirely out during the
whole night. The trees most common for fuel in all the North country
are the dry spruce and balsam. The guides, looking for the camp, love
to find a group of them where they are from fifty to seventy-five feet
high. All required are chopped down and then cut into lengths of from
ten to fifteen feet. They are easily handed by the stalwart men, and
make a bright fire. Generally the fire is allowed to go out after all
have retired to rest. However, if the wolves are howling around, the
fire is well looked after all night, as these vicious brutes are very
much afraid of a bright flame.
The stars were shining brightly, and there was no sign of light in the
eastern sky, when all were up and busy making preparations for the day's
journey. What most perplexed the boys was that there was no preparation
made for washing hands or faces. Towels and soap were not considered
essentials on such a journey. Each had in his pocket a comb and a
toothbrush, and with these and a cup of melted snow he had to be
content.
Frank, young Englishman that he was, dearly loved his tub, or bath, and
so it seemed about the hardest deprivation thus far presented that he
could neither wash his hands nor face.
"Too cold for that," said the guide. "A missionary once tried it,
although we warned him against it. He was three months healing up his
chapped and bleeding hands." Then the guide added, as a little
consolation, "If you like you can give yourself a dry rub with a piece
of deerskin."
The breakfast was similar to the supper of the previous evening.
Indeed, there was about the same bill of fare for every meal. It was
strong, hearty food, and everyone was ready to do ample justice to it.
After breakfast came prayers. A few verses from the good Book were read
by Memotas, and then prayers were offered. Twice every day do these
godly Indians thus worship God. They are the converts of self-
sacrificing missionaries who, coming into these lands, amid the
privations and hardships incident to such lonely, solitary places, here
patiently toiled and laboured to win these natives from their degrading,
superstitious, abominable old religion to a knowledge of the one living
and true God. They have not toiled in vain, as the true, noble,
consistent lives of hundreds of their converts now bear witness.
The catching and harnessing of the dogs is a matter of pleasure or
trouble, just as the dogs have been trained. Dogs kindly treated, and
taught to obey, give no trouble, but with many, where their training was
defective, there is constant annoyance and worry. The boys had treated
their dogs so kindly that the cheery call was all that was needed. So
with all the trains of Mr Ross's except one. These were what might be
called a scratch train. They had been bought singly from different
parties. When in harness they were the equal of any, but the trouble
was to get them into their harness. One was a white animal. At the
first sound or movement in the camp, he would sometimes quickly sneak
away from where he had nested all night, and then lie down quietly in
the snow. So white and still was he that it was impossible for the
keenest eye to detect him in the early morning starlight. No calling
would bring him. He just lay there perfectly still, and buried enough
to be even with the snow around him. When he had one of these skulking
tricks on him the quickest way to find him was for several Indians to
begin tramping in ever-widening circles around the camp until they ran
on him. He would never run away, but his cunning trick was really more
provoking than if he did. He was at length broken of it by being
thoroughly blackened. Then, of course, he could be easily seen. This
so grieved and humiliated him that he never tried the trick again, even
after his beautiful white coat was cleaned for him, much to his great
joy.
Some dogs, as soon as they hear the bells jingling in the morning as
their drivers come for them, will skulk off into dark places in the
forests. There it is often difficult to find them. Then again some are
so wild that a rope at least sixty feet in length is tied to their necks
in the evening as they are unharnessed. By tramping around them in the
morning the driver at length gets hold of the rope and draws in the
culprit.
A missionary who travelled some thousands of miles every winter with
dogs, had about the most satisfactory way of summarily dealing with
skulkers.
He had in his own team a powerful St. Bernard, so trained that all he
had to do was to show him the collar of the missing dog and then send
him after the truant. Hamilton gave one smell at the collar and then
was off. If that dog was anywhere within two miles he was driven into
the camp in a hurry. If a stubborn, obstinate dog objected to march in
before him, he gave him a shaking that never had to be repeated. Dogs
have good memories for various things.
The loading the sleds was not as easy a matter as some might imagine.
This the boys found out when they tried to attend to the work
themselves. As stated somewhere else, the sleds are only sixteen inches
wide and ten feet long. They are made of two oak boards lying on the
flat and well fastened together by crossbars. The front end is planed
thin and steamed, and is then curled up more or less gracefully,
according to the taste and skill of the maker. They have no runners on
them. They just glide along on the smooth flat under surface that by
wear becomes like polished glass. Along each side numerous loops are
securely fastened. When the empty sled is to be loaded, the first thing
is to spread out over it one of these large deerskin wrappers, the sled
being under the exact middle. Then the various articles constituting
the load, blankets, robes, provisions, kettles, guns, dog-fish, and
everything else, are carefully piled up, the heaviest at the bottom, to
make the upsets as few as possible. Then the great deerskin leather is
carefully and tightly folded over from both sides, and the whole is
securely lashed on by the strong deerskin ropes, which are passed from
side to side through the strong loops on the sled. An experienced
driver will so well tie on a great load of the most miscellaneous
articles that it will not give an inch, or be in the slightest degree
disarranged, no matter how many times it may upset, or roll over, or
tumble down hillsides, either end first, or sideways. So the boys,
after finding that their best handiwork in this line often came to grief
in bad places, were glad to avail themselves of the assistance of a
clever Indian, and there was no more trouble.
One careful look all around to see that nothing has been forgotten, and
the cheery "Marche!" is heard. Away rushes the guide, and another day's
journey is begun.