Bergson believes man knows incompletely through standing outside the
thing to be known, metaphorically walking around it, and observing it.
This analytical process, this viewing of a thing's many aspects, he
conceives as the habitual function of positive science. This is the
third phase of this phenomenological nursology method. Bergson says:
"... analysis multiplies endlessly the points of view ... to
complete the ever incomplete representation."
"All analysis is thus a translation, a development into
symbols, a representation taken from successive points of
view."
"Analysis ... is the operation which reduces the object to
elements already known, that is, common to that object and to
others."[17]
{73}
So phenomenological nursology proposes that after the studier has
experienced the other intuitively and absolutely, the experience be
conceptualized and expressed in accordance with the nurse's human
potential. Humanly we can express only sequentially while our actual
experienced lived worlds flow in an "all-at-once" fashion. Our words are
known symbols and categories used to convey the experience and thus deny
the uniqueness of each realized experience.
Buber's description of man's "I-It" way of relating to the world is in
agreement with Bergson. He conveys the necessity of this kind of
relating by man to his world; and despite its lacks proposes that man
prize his analytical ability. Like Bergson, Buber views knowing as a
movement from intuition to analysis, and not the other way around. Buber
sees knowledge expressed or science created through the knowing "I"
transcending itself, recollecting, reflecting on, and experiencing its
past "I-Thou" relation as an "It." This is man being conscious of,
looking at, himself and that which he has taken in, merged with, made
part of himself. This is the time when he mulls over, analyzes, sorts
out, compares, contrasts, relates, interprets, gives a name to, and
categorizes.
The third phase of this methodology is the same as that phase of
clinical nursing practice in which the nurse, removed from the nursing
arena, replays and reflects on this area and transcribes her angular
view of it. In this reflective state the nurse analyzes, considers
relationships between components, synthesizes themes or patterns, and
then conceptualizes or symbolically interprets a sequential view of this
past lived reality. The challenge of communicating a lived nursing
reality demands authenticity with the self and rigorous effort in the
selection of words, phrases, and precise grammar.