852. Fashion — N. fashion, style, ton, bon ton†, society; good society,

polite society; monde [Fr.]; drawing-room, civilized life,

civilization, town, beau monde [Fr.], high life, court; world;

fashionable world, gay world; Vanity Fair; show &c (ostentation) 822.

manners, breeding &c (politeness) 894; air, demeanor &c

(appearance) 448; savoir faire [Fr.]; gentlemanliness†, gentility,

decorum, propriety, bienséance [Fr.]; conventions of society; Mrs.

Grundy; punctilio; form, formality; etiquette, point of etiquette;

dress &c 225.

custom &c 613; mode, vogue, go; rage &c (desire) 865; prevailing

taste; fad, trend, bandwagon, furore†, thing, in thing, craze, chic,

last word.

man of fashion, woman of fashion, man of the world, woman of the

world; height of fashion, pink of fashion, star of fashion, glass of

fashion, leader of fashion; arbiter elegantiarum &c (taste) 850 [Lat.];

the beautiful people, the fashion set, upper ten thousand &c (nobility)

875; elite &c (distinction) 873; smart set; the four hundred [U.S.]; in

crowd.

V. be fashionable &c adj., be the rage &c n.; have a run, pass current.

follow the fashion, conform to the fashion, fall in with the

fashion, follow the trend, follow the crowd &c n.; go with the stream

&c (conform) 82; savoir vivre [Fr.], savoir faire [Fr.]; keep up

appearances, behave oneself.

set the fashion, bring in the fashion; give a tone to society, cut

a figure in society; keep one's carriage.

Adj. fashionable; in fashion &c n.; a la mode, comme il faut [Fr.];

admitted in society, admissible in society &c n.; presentable;

conventional &c (customary) 613; genteel; well-bred, well mannered,

well behaved, well spoken; gentlemanlike†, gentlemanly; ladylike; civil,

polite &c (courteous) 894.

polished, refined, thoroughbred, courtly; distingue [Fr.];

unembarrassed, degage [Fr.]; janty†, jaunty; dashing, fast.

modish, stylish, chic, trendy, recherche; newfangled &c

(unfamiliar) 83; all the rage, all the go†; with it, in, faddish.

in court, in full dress, in evening dress; en grande tenue [Fr.]

&c (ornament) 847.

Adv. fashionably &c adj.; for fashion's sake.

Phr. a la francaise, a la parisienne; a l' anglaise [Fr.], a l'

americaine [Fr.]; autre temps autre mauers [Fr.]; chaque pays a sa

guise [Fr.].

853. Ridiculousness — N. ridiculousness &c adj.; comicality, oddity &c

adj.; extravagance, drollery.

farce, comedy; burlesque &c (ridicule) 856; buffoonery &c (fun)

840; frippery; doggerel verses; absurdity &c 497; bombast &c

(unmeaning) 517; anticlimax, bathos; eccentricity, monstrosity &c

(unconformity) 83; laughingstock &c 857.

V. be ridiculous &c adj.; pass from the sublime to the ridiculous; make

one laugh; play the fool, make a fool of oneself, commit an absurdity.

Adj. ridiculous, ludicrous; comical; droll, funny, laughable, pour

rire, grotesque, farcical, odd; whimsical, whimsical as a dancing bear;

fanciful, fantastic, queer, rum, quizzical, quaint, bizarre; screaming;

eccentric &c (unconformable) 83; strange, outlandish, out of the way,

baroque, weird; awkward &c (ugly) 846.

extravagant, outre, monstrous, preposterous, bombastic, inflated,

stilted, burlesque, mock heroic.

drollish; seriocomic, tragicomic; gimcrack, contemptible &c

(unimportant) 643; doggerel; ironical &c (derisive) 856; risible.

Phr. risum teneatis amici [Lat.] [Horace]; rideret Heraclitus; du

sublime au ridicule il n'y a qu'un pas [Lat.] [Napoleon].

854. Fop — N. fop, fine gentleman; swell; dandy, dandiprat†; exquisite,

coxcomb, beau, macaroni, blade, blood, buck, man about town, fast man;

fribble, milliner†; Jemmy Jessamy†, carpet knight; masher, dude.

fine lady, coquette; flirt, vamp.

855. Affectation — N. affectation; affectedness &c adj.; acting a part

&c v.; pretense &c (falsehood) 544, (ostentation) 882; boasting &c 884.

charlatanism, quackery, shallow profundity; pretension, airs,

pedantry, purism, precisianism, euphuism; teratology &c (altiloquence)

577.

mannerism, simagree, grimace.

conceit, foppery, dandyism, man millinery, coxcombry, puppyism.

stiffness, formality, buckram; prudery, demureness, coquetry, mock

modesty, minauderie, sentimentalism; mauvais honte, false shame.

affector, performer, actor; pedant, pedagogue, doctrinaire,

purist, euphuist, mannerist; grimacier; lump of affectation, precieuse

ridicule [Fr.], bas bleu [Fr.], blue stocking, poetaster; prig;

charlatan &c (deceiver) 548; petit maitre &c (fop) 854; flatterer &c

935; coquette, prude, puritan.

V. affect, act a part, put on; give oneself airs &c (arrogance) 885;

boast &c 884; coquet; simper, mince, attitudinize, pose; flirt a fan;

overact, overdo.

Adj. affected, full of affectation, pretentious, pedantic, stilted,

stagy, theatrical, big-sounding, ad captandum; canting, insincere.

not natural, unnatural; self-conscious; maniere; artificial;

overwrought, overdone, overacted; euphuist &c 577.

stiff, starch, formal, prim, smug, demure, tire a quatre epingles,

quakerish, puritanical, prudish, pragmatical, priggish, conceited,

coxcomical, foppish, dandified; finical, finikin; mincing, simpering,

namby-pamby, sentimental.

Phr. conceit in weakest bodies strongest works [Hamlet].

856. Ridicule — N. ridicule, derision; sardonic smile, sardonic grin;

irrision†; scoffing &c (disrespect) 929; mockery, quiz†, banter, irony,

persiflage, raillery, chaff, badinage; quizzing &c v.; asteism†.

squib, satire, skit, quip, quib†, grin.

parody, burlesque, travesty, travestie†; farce &c (drama) 599;

caricature.

buffoonery &c (fun) 840; practical joke; horseplay.

scorn, contempt &c 930.

V. ridicule, deride, mock, taunt; snigger; laugh in one's sleeve; tease

[ridicule lightly], badinage, banter, rally, chaff, joke, twit, quiz,

roast; haze [U.S.]; tehee†; fleer†; show up.

play upon, play tricks upon; fool to the top of one's bent; laugh

at, grin at, smile at; poke fun at.

satirize, parody, caricature, burlesque, travesty.

turn into ridicule; make merry with; make fun of, make game of,

make a fool of, make an April fool of†; rally; scoff &c (disrespect)

929.

raise a laugh &c (amuse) 840; play the fool, make a fool of

oneself.

Adj. derisory, derisive; mock, mocking; sarcastic, ironic, ironical,

quizzical, burlesque, Hudibrastic†; scurrilous &c (disrespectful) 929.

Adv. in ridicule &c n..

857. [Object and cause of ridicule.] Laughingstock — N. laughingstock,

jestingstock†, gazingstock†; butt, game, fair game; April fool &c (dupe)

547 [Obs.].

original, oddity; queer fish, odd fish; quiz, square toes; old

monkey, old fogey, fogey monkey, fogy monkey; buffoon &c (jester) 844;

pantomimist &c (actor) 599.

schlemiel.

jest &c (wit) 842.

Phr. dum vitant stulti vitia in contraria currunt [Lat.].

3. PROSPECTIVE AFFECTIONS

858. Hope — N. hope, hopes; desire &c 865; fervent hope, sanguine

expectation, trust, confidence, reliance; faith &c (belief) 484;

affiance, assurance; secureness, security; reassurance.

good omen, good auspices; promise, well grounded hopes; good

prospect, bright prospect; clear sky.

assumption, presumption; anticipation &c (expectation) 507.

hopefulness, buoyancy, optimism, enthusiasm, heart of grace,

aspiration.

[person who is hopeful] optimist, utopian, utopist†.

castles in the air, castles in Spain, chateaux en Espagne [Fr.],

le pot aut lait [Fr.], Utopia, millennium; day dream, golden dream;

dream of Alnaschar†; airy hopes, fool's paradise; mirage &c (fallacies

of vision) 443; fond hope.

beam of hope, ray of hope, gleam of hope, glimmer of hope, flash

of hope, dawn of hope, star of hope; cheer; bit of blue sky, silver

lining, silver lining of the cloud, bottom of Pandora's box, balm in

Gilead; light at the end of the tunnel.

anchor, sheet anchor, mainstay; staff &c (support) 215; heaven &c

981.

V. hope, trust, confide, rely on, put one's trust in; lean upon; pin

one's hope upon, pin one's faith upon &c (believe) 484.

feel hope, entertain hope, harbor hope, indulge hope, cherish

hope, feed hope, foster hope, nourish hope, encourage hope, cling to

hope, live in hope, &c n.; see land; feel assured, rest assured, feel

confident, rest confident &c adj.. presume; promise oneself; expect &c

(look forward to) 507.

hope for &c (desire) 865; anticipate.

be hopeful &c adj.; look on the bright side of, view on the sunny

side, voir en couleur de rose [Fr.], make the best of it, hope for the

best; put a good face upon, put a bold face upon, put the best face

upon; keep one's spirits up; take heart, take heart of grace; be of

good heart, be of good cheer; flatter oneself, lay the flattering

unction to one's soul, catch at a straw, [Hamlet], hope against hope,

reckon one's chickens before they are hatched, count one's chickens

before they are hatched.

[cause hope] give hope, inspire hope, raise hope, hold out hope &c

n.; promise, bid fair, augur well, be in a fair way, look up, flatter,

tell a flattering tale; raise expectations (sentient subject);

encourage, cheer, assure, reassure, buoy up, embolden.

Adj. hoping &c v.; in hopes &c n.; hopeful, confident; secure &c

(certain) 484; sanguine, in good heart, buoyed up, buoyant, elated,

flushed, exultant, enthusiastic; heartsome†; utopian.

unsuspecting, unsuspicious; fearless, free from fear, free from

suspicion, free from distrust, free from despair, exempt from fear,

exempt from suspicion, exempt from distrust, exempt from despair;

undespairing†, self reliant.

probable, on the high road to; within sight of shore, within sight

of land; promising, propitious; of promise, full of promise; of good

omen; auspicious, de bon augure [Fr.]; reassuring; encouraging,

cheering, inspiriting, looking up, bright, roseate, couleur de rose

[Fr.], rose-colored.

Adv. hopefully &c adj..

Int. God speed!,

Phr. nil desperandum [Lat.] [Horace]; never say die, dum spiro spero

[Lat.], latet scintillula forsan [Lat.], all is for the best, spero

meliora [Lat.]; every cloud has a silver lining; the wish being father

to the thought [Henry IV]; hope told a flattering tale; rusticus

expectat dum defluat amnis [Lat.].

at spes non fracta [Lat.]; ego spem prietio non emo [Lat.]

[Terence]; un Dieu est ma fiance [Fr.]; hope! thou nurse of young

desire [Bickerstaff]; in hoc signo spes mea [Lat.]; in hoc signo vinces

[Lat.]; la speranza e il pan de miseri [It]; l'esperance est le songe

d'un homme eveille [Fr.]; the mighty hopes that make us men [Tennyson];

the sickening pang of hope deferred [Scott].

859. [Absence, want or loss of hope.] Hopelessness — N. hopelessness

&c adj.; despair, desperation; despondency, depression &c (dejection)

837; pessimism, pessimist; Job's comforter; bird of bad omen, bird of

ill omen.

abandonment, desolation; resignation, surrender, submission &c

725.

hope deferred, dashed hopes; vain expectation &c (disappointment)

509.

airy hopes &c &c 858; forlorn hope; gone case, dead duck, gone

coon [U.S.]; goner [Slang]; bad job, bad business; enfant perdu [Fr.];

gloomy horizon, black spots in the horizon; slough of Despond, cave of

Despair; immedicabile vulnus [Lat.].

V. despair; lose all hope, give up all hope, abandon all hope,

relinquish all hope, lose the hope of, give up the hope of, abandon the

hope of, relinquish the hope of; give up, give over; yield to despair;

falter; despond &c (be dejected) 837; jeter le manche apres la cognee

[Fr.].

inspire despair, drive to despair &c n.; disconcert; dash one's

hopes, crush one's hopes, destroy one's hopes; hope against hope.

abandon; resign, surrender, submit &c 725.

Adj. hopeless, desperate, despairing, gone, in despair, au desespoir

[Fr.], forlorn, desolate; inconsolable &c (dejected) 837; broken

hearted.

unpromising, unpropitious; inauspicious, ill-omened, threatening,

clouded over.

out of the question, not to be thought of; impracticable &c 471;

past hope, past cure, past mending, past recall; at one's last gasp &c

(death) 360; given up, given over.

incurable, cureless, immedicable, remediless, beyond remedy;

incorrigible; irreparable, irremediable, irrecoverable, irreversible,

irretrievable, irreclaimable, irredeemable, irrevocable; ruined,

undone; immitigable.

Phr. lasciate ogni speranza voi ch'entrate [Dante]; its days are

numbered; the worst come to the worst; no change, no pause, no hope,

yet I endure [Shelley]; O dark, dark, dark, amid the blaze of noon

[Milton]; mene mene tekel upharson [Old Testament].

860. Fear — N. fear, timidity, diffidence, want of confidence;

apprehensiveness, fearfulness &c adj.; solicitude, anxiety, care,

apprehension, misgiving; feeze [U.S.]; mistrust &c (doubt) 485;

suspicion, qualm; hesitation &c (irresolution) 605.

nervousness, restlessness &c adj.; inquietude, disquietude, worry,

concern; batophobia†; heartquake†; flutter, trepidation, fear and

trembling, perturbation, tremor, quivering, shaking, trembling,

throbbing heart, palpitation, ague fit, cold sweat; abject fear &c

(cowardice) 862; mortal funk, heartsinking†, despondency; despair &c

859.

fright; affright, affrightment†; boof alarm [U.S.], dread, awe,

terror, horror, dismay, consternation, panic, scare, stampede (of

horses).

intimidation, terrorism, reign of terror.

[Object of fear] bug bear, bugaboo; scarecrow; hobgoblin &c

(demon) 980; nightmare, Gorgon, mormo†, ogre, Hurlothrumbo†, raw head

and bloody bones, fee-faw-fum, bete noire [Fr.], enfant terrible [Fr.].

alarmist &c (coward) 862.

V. fear, stand in awe of; be afraid &c adj.; have qualms &c n.;

apprehend, sit upon thorns, eye askance; distrust &c (disbelieve) 485.

hesitate &c (be irresolute) 605; falter, funk, cower, crouch;

skulk &c (cowardice) 862; let 'I dare not' wait upon 'I would'

[Macbeth] take fright, take alarm; start, wince, flinch, shy, shrink;

fly &c (avoid) 623.

tremble, shake; shiver, shiver in one's shoes; shudder, flutter;

shake like an aspen leaf, tremble like an aspen leaf, tremble all over;

quake, quaver, quiver, quail.

grow pale, turn pale; blench, stand aghast; not dare to say one's

soul is one's own.

inspire fear, excite fear, inspire awe, excite awe; raise

apprehensions†; be in a daze, bulldoze [U.S.]; faze, feeze [U.S.]; give

an alarm, raise an alarm, sound an alarm; alarm, startle, scare, cry

'wolf', disquiet, dismay; fright, frighten, terrify; astound; fright

from one's propriety; fright out of one's senses, fright out of one's

wits, fright out of one's seven senses; awe; strike all of a heap,

strike an awe into, strike terror; harrow up the soul, appall, unman,

petrify, horrify; pile on the agony.

make one's flesh creep, make one's hair stand on end, make one's

blood run cold, make one's teeth chatter; take away one's breath, stop

one's breath; make one tremble &c; haunt; prey on the mind, weigh on

the mind.

put in fear, put in bodily fear; terrorize, intimidate, cow,

daunt, overawe, abash, deter, discourage; browbeat, bully; threaten &c

909.

Adj. fearing &c v.; frightened &c v.; in fear, in a fright &c n.;

haunted with the fear of &c n.; afeard†.

afraid, fearful; timid, timorous; nervous, diffident, coy, faint-

hearted, tremulous, shaky, afraid of one's shadow, apprehensive,

restless, fidgety; more frightened than hurt.

aghast; awe-stricken, horror-stricken, terror-stricken, panic-

stricken, awestruck, awe-stricken, horror-struck; frightened to death,

white as a sheet; pale, pale as a ghost, pale as death, pale as ashes;

breathless, in hysterics.

inspiring fear &c v.; alarming; formidable, redoubtable; perilous

&c (danger) 665; portentous; fearful; dread, dreadful; fell; dire,

direful; shocking; terrible, terrific; tremendous; horrid, horrible,

horrific; ghastly; awful, awe-inspiring; revolting &c (painful) 830;

Gorgonian.

Adv. in terrorem [Lat.].

Int. angels and ministers of grace defend us! [Hamlet].

Phr. ante tubam trepidat [Lat.]; horresco referens [Lat.], one's heart

failing one, obstupui steteruntque comae et vox faucibus haesit [Lat.]

[Vergil].

a dagger of the mind [Macbeth]; expertus metuit [Lat.] [Horace];

fain would I climb but that I fear to fall [Raleigh]; fear is the

parent of cruelty [Froude]; Gorgons and hydras and chimeras dire

[Paradise Lost]; omnia tuta timens [Lat.] [Vergil]; our fears do make

us traitors [Macbeth];

861. [Absence of fear.] Courage — N. courage, bravery, valor;

resoluteness, boldness &c adj.; spirit, daring, gallantry, intrepidity;

contempt of danger, defiance of danger; derring-do; audacity; rashness

&c 863; dash; defiance &c 715; confidence, self-reliance.

manliness, manhood; nerve, pluck, mettle, game; heart, heart of

grace; spunk, guts, face, virtue, hardihood, fortitude, intestinal

fortitude; firmness &c (stability) 150; heart of oak; bottom, backbone,

spine &c (perseverance) 604.1.

resolution &c (determination) 604; bulldog courage.

prowess, heroism, chivalry.

exploit, feat, achievement; heroic deed, heroic act; bold stroke.

man, man of mettle; hero, demigod, Amazon, Hector; lion, tiger,

panther, bulldog; gamecock, fighting-cock; bully, fire eater &c 863.

V. be courageous &c adj.; dare, venture, make bold; face danger, front

danger, affront danger, confront danger, brave danger, defy danger,

despise danger, mock danger; look in the face; look full in the face,

look boldly in the face, look danger in the face; face; meet, meet in

front; brave, beard; defy &c 715.

take courage, muster courage, summon up courage, pluck up courage;

nerve oneself, take heart; take heart, pluck up heart of grace; hold up

one's head, screw one's courage to the sticking place; come up to

scratch; stick to one's guns, standfire†, stand against; bear up, bear

up against; hold out &c (persevere) 604.1.

put a bold face upon; show a bold front, present a bold front;

show fight; face the music.

bell the cat, take the bull by the horns, beard the lion in his

den, march up to the cannon's mouth, go through fire and water, run the

gantlet.

give courage, infuse courage, inspire courage; reassure,

encourage, embolden, inspirit, cheer, nerve, put upon one's mettle,

rally, raise a rallying cry; pat on the back, make a man of., keep in

countenance.

Adj. courageous, brave; valiant, valorous; gallant, intrepid; spirited,

spiritful†; high-spirited, high-mettled†; mettlesome, plucky; manly,

manful; resolute; stout, stout-hearted; iron-hearted, lion-hearted;

heart of oak; Penthesilean.

bold, bold-spirited; daring, audacious; fearless, dauntless,

dreadless†, aweless; undaunted, unappalled, undismayed, unawed,

unblanched, unabashed, unalarmed, unflinching, unshrinking†,

unblanching†, unapprehensive; confident, self-reliant; bold as a lion,

bold as brass.

enterprising, adventurous; venturous, venturesome; dashing,

chivalrous; soldierly &c (warlike) 722; heroic.

fierce, savage; pugnacious &c (bellicose) 720.

strong-minded, hardy, doughty; firm &c (stable) 150; determined &c

(resolved) 604; dogged, indomitable &c (persevering) 604.1.

up to, up to the scratch; upon one's mettle; reassured &c v.;

unfeared†, undreaded†.

Phr. one's blood being up; courage sans peur [Fr.]; fortes fortuna

adjuvat [Lat.] [Terence]; have I not in my time heard lions roar

[Taming of the Shrew]; I dare do all that may become a man [Macbeth];

male vincetis sed vincite [Lat.] [Ovid]; omne solum forti patria

[Lat.]; self-trust is the essence of heroism [Emerson]; stimulos dedit

oemula virtus [Lat.] [Lucan]; strong and great, a hero [Longfellow];

teloque animus proestantior omni [Lat.] [Ovid]; there, is always safety

in valor [Emerson]; virtus ariete fortier [Lat.].

862. [Excess of fear.] Cowardice — N. cowardice, pusillanimity;

cowardliness &c adj.; timidity, effeminacy.

poltroonery, baseness; dastardness†, dastardy†; abject fear, funk;

Dutch courage; fear &c 860; white feather, faint heart; cold feet

[U.S.], yellow streak [Slang].

coward, poltroon, dastard, sneak, recreant; shy cock, dunghill

cock; coistril†, milksop, white liver, lily liver, nidget†, one that

cannot say 'boo' to a goose; slink; Bob Acres, Jerry Sneak.

alarmist, terrorist†, pessimist; runagate &c (fugitive) 623.

V. quail &c (fear) 860; be cowardly &c adj., be a coward &c n.; funk;

cower, skulk, sneak; flinch, shy, fight shy, slink, turn tail; run away

&c (avoid) 623; show, the white feather.

Adj. coward, cowardly; fearful, shy; timid, timorous; skittish; poor-

spirited, spiritless, soft, effeminate.

weak-minded; infirm of purpose &c 605; weak-hearted, fainthearted,

chickenhearted, henhearted†, lilyhearted, pigeon-hearted; white-

livered†, lily-livered, milk-livered†; milksop, smock-faced; unable to

say 'boo' to a goose.

dastard, dastardly; base, craven, sneaking, dunghill, recreant;

unwarlike, unsoldier-like.

in face a lion but in heart a deer.

unmanned; frightened &c 860.

Int. sauve qui peut! [Fr.], every man for himself! [Fr.Tr.]; devil take

the hindmost!,

Phr. ante tubam trepidat [Lat.], one's courage oozing out; degeneres

animos timor arguit [Lat.] [Vergil].

863. Rashness — N. rashness &c adj.; temerity, want of caution,

imprudence, indiscretion; overconfidence, presumption, audacity.

precipitancy, precipitation; impetuosity; levity; foolhardihood†,

foolhardiness; heedlessness, thoughtlessness &c (inattention) 458;

carelessness &c (neglect) 460; desperation; Quixotism, knight-errantry;

fire eating.

gaming, gambling; blind bargain, leap in the dark, leap of faith,

fool's paradise; too many eggs in one basket.

desperado, rashling†, madcap, daredevil, Hotspur, fire eater,

bully, bravo, Hector, scapegrace, enfant perdu [Fr.]; Don Quixote,

knight-errant, Icarus; adventurer; gambler, gamester; dynamitard†;

boomer [U.S.].

V. be rash &c adj.; stick at nothing, play a desperate game; run into

danger &c 665; play with fire, play with edge tools.

carry too much sail, sail too near the wind, ride at single

anchor, go out of one's depth.

take a leap in the dark, buy a pig in a poke.

donner tete baissee [Fr.]; knock, one's bead against a wall &c (be

unskillful) 699; rush on destruction; kick against the pricks, tempt

Providence, go on a forlorn hope, go on a fool's errand.

reckon one's chickens before they are hatched, count one's

chickens before they are hatched, reckon without one's host; catch at

straws; trust to a broken reed, lean on a broken reed.

Adj. rash, incautious, indiscreet; imprudent, improvident, temerarious;

uncalculating†; heedless; careless &c (neglectful) 460; without ballast,

heels over head, head over heels; giddy &c (inattentive) 458; wanton,

reckless, wild, madcap; desperate, devil-may-care.

hot-blooded, hotheaded, hotbrained†; headlong, headstrong;

breakneck; foolhardy; harebrained; precipitate, impulsive.

overconfident, overweening; venturesome, venturous; adventurous,

Quixotic, fire eating, cavalier; janty†, jaunty, free and easy.

off one's guard &c (inexpectant) 508 [Obs.].

Adv. post haste, a corps perdu [Fr.], hand over head, tete baissee

[Fr.], headforemost†; happen what may, come what may.

Phr. neck or nothing, the devil being in one; non semper temeritas est

felix [Lat.] [Livy]; paucis temeritas est bono multis malo [Lat.]

[Phaedrus].

864. Caution — N. caution; cautiousness &c adj.; discretion, prudence,

cautel†, heed, circumspection, calculation, deliberation.

foresight &c 510; vigilance &c 459; warning &c 668.

coolness &c adj.; self-possession, self-command; presence of mind,

sang froid [Fr.]; well-regulated mind; worldly wisdom, Fabian policy.

V. be cautious &c adj.; take care, take heed, take good care; have a

care mind, what one is about; be on one's guard &c (keep watch) 459;

make assurance doubly sure [Macbeth].

bespeak &c (be early) 132.

think twice, look before one leaps, count the cost, look to the

main chance, cut one's coat according to one's cloth; feel one's

ground, feel one's way; see how the land lies &c (foresight) 510; wait

to see how the cat jumps; bridle one's tongue; reculer pour mieux

sauter &c (prepare) 673 [Fr.]; let well alone, let well enough alone;

let sleeping dogs lie, ne pas reveiller le chat qui dort [Fr.], don't

wake a sleeping cat.

keep out of harm's way, keep out of troubled waters; keep at a

respectful distance, stand aloof; keep on the safe side, be on the safe

side.

husband one's resources &c 636.

caution &c (warn) 668.

Adj. cautious, wary, guarded; on one's guard &c (watchful) 459; cavendo

tutus [Lat.]; in medio tutissimus [Lat.]; vigilant.

careful, heedful; cautelous†, stealthy, chary, shy of, circumspect,

prudent, discreet, politic; sure-footed &c (skillful) 698.

unenterprising, unadventurous, cool, steady, self-possessed;

overcautious.

Adv. cautiously &c adj..

Int. have a care!,

Phr. timeo Danaos [Lat.] [Vergil]; festina lente [Lat.].

ante victoriam ne canas triumphum [Lat.], don't sing out victory

before the triumph; give, every man thine ear but few thy voice

[Hamlet]; he who laughs last laughs best, il rit bien qui rit le

dernier [Fr.]; ni firmes carta que no leas ni bebas agua que no veas

[Sp.]; nescit vox missa reverti [Lat.] [Horace]; love all, trust a few

[All's Well]; noli irritare leones [Lat.]; safe bind safe find; if it

ain't broke, don't fix it [Bert Lance].

865. Desire — N. desire, wish, fancy, fantasy; want, need, exigency.

mind, inclination, leaning, bent, animus, partiality, penchant,

predilection; propensity &c 820; willingness &c 602; liking, love,

fondness, relish.

longing, hankering, inkling; solicitude, anxiety; yearning,

coveting; aspiration, ambition, vaulting ambition; eagerness, zeal,

ardor, empressement [Fr.], breathless impatience, overanxiety;

impetuosity, &c 825.

appetite, appetition†, appetence†, appetency†; sharp appetite,

keenness, hunger, stomach, twist; thirst, thirstiness; drouth,

mouthwatering; itch, itching; prurience, cacoethes [Lat.], cupidity,

lust, concupiscence.

edge of appetite, edge of hunger; torment of Tantalus; sweet

tooth, lickerish tooth†; itching palm; longing eye, wistful eye, sheep's

eye.

[excessive desire for money] greed &c 817.1.

voracity &c (gluttony) 957.

passion, rage, furore†, mania, manie†; inextinguishable desire;

dipsomania, kleptomania.

[Person who desires] lover, amateur, votary, devotee, aspirant,

solicitant, candidate, applicant, supplicant; cormorant &c 957.

[Object of desire] desideratum; want &c (requirement) 630; a

consummation devoutly to be wished; attraction, magnet, allurement,

fancy, temptation, seduction, fascination, prestige, height of one's

ambition, idol; whim, whimsy, whimsey†; maggot; hobby, hobby-horse.

Fortunatus's cap; wishing cap, wishing stone, wishing well.

V. desire; wish, wish for; be desirous &c adj.. have a longing &c n.;

hope &c 858.

care for, affect, like, list; take to, cling to, take a fancy to;

fancy; prefer &c (choose) 609.

have an eye, have a mind to; find it in one's heart &c (be

willing) 602; have a fancy for, set one's eyes upon; cast a sheep's eye

upon, look sweet upon; take into one's head, have at heart, be bent

upon; set one's cap at, set one's heart upon, set one's mind upon;

covet.

want, miss, need, feel the want of, would fain have, would fain

do; would be glad of.

be hungry &c adj.; have a good appetite, play a good knife and

fork; hunger after, thirst after, crave after, lust after, itch after,

hanker after, run mad after; raven for, die for; burn to.

desiderate†; sigh for, cry for, gape for, gasp for, pine for, pant

for, languish for, yearn for, long, be on thorns for, hope for; aspire

after; catch at, grasp at, jump at.

woo, court, solicit; fish for, spell for, whistle for, put up for;

ogle.

cause desire, create desire, raise desire, excite desire, provoke

desire; whet the appetite; appetize†, titillate, allure, attract, take

one's fancy, tempt; hold out temptation, hold out allurement;

tantalize, make one's mouth water, faire venir l'eau a la bouche [Fr.].

gratify desire &c (give pleasure) 829.

Adj. desirous; desiring &c v.; inclined &c (willing) 602; partial to;

fain, wishful, optative†; anxious, wistful, curious; at a loss for,

sedulous, solicitous.

craving, hungry, sharp-set, peckish†, ravening, with an empty

stomach, esurient†, lickerish†, thirsty, athirst, parched with thirst,

pinched with hunger, famished, dry, drouthy†; hungry as a hunter, hungry

as a hawk, hungry as a horse, hungry as a church mouse, hungry as a

bear.

[excessively desirous] greedy &c 817.1.

unsatisfied, unsated, unslaked; unsaturated.

eager, avid, keen; burning, fervent, ardent; agog; all agog;

breathless; impatient &c (impetuous) 825; bent on, intent on, set on,

bent upon, intent upon, set upon; mad after, enrage, rabid, dying for,

devoured by desire.

aspiring, ambitious, vaulting, skyaspiring, high-reaching.

desirable; desired &c v.; in demand; pleasing &c (giving pleasure)

829; appetizing, appetible†; tantalizing.

Adv. wistfully &c adj.; fain.

Int. would that, would that it were!, O for!, esto perpetual [Lat.]

Phr. the wish being father to the thought; sua cuique voluptas [Lat.];

hoc erat in votis [Lat.], the mouth watering, the fingers itching; aut

Caesar aut nullus [Lat.].

Cassius has a lean and hungry look [Julius Caesar]; hungry as the

grave [Thomson]; I was born to other things [Tennyson]; not what we

wish but what we want [Merrick]; such joy ambition finds [Paradise

Lost]; the sea hath bounds but deep desire hath none [Venus and

Adonis]; ubi mel ibi apes [Lat.].

866. Indifference — N. indifference, neutrality; coldness &c adj.;

anaphrodisia†; unconcern, insouciance, nonchalance; want of interest,

want of earnestness; anorexy†, anorexia, inappetency†; apathy &c

(insensibility) 823; supineness &c (inactivity) 683; disdain &c 930;

recklessness &c 863; inattention &c 458.

anaphrodisiac†, antaphrodisiac†; lust-quencher, passion-queller†.

V. be indifferent &c adj.; stand neuter; take no interest in &c

(insensibility) 823; have no desire for &c 865, have no taste for, have

no relish for; not care for; care nothing for, care nothing about; not

care a straw about, not care a fig for, not care a whit about &c

(unimportance) 643; not mind.

set at naught &c (make light of) 483; spurn &c (disdain) 930.

Adj. indifferent, cold, frigid, lukewarm; cool, cool as a cucumber;

unconcerned, insouciant, phlegmatic, pococurante†, easygoing, devil-may-

care, careless, listless, lackadaisical; half-hearted; unambitious,

unaspiring, undesirous†, unsolicitous†, unattracted.

[indifferent toward people] aloof, unapproachable, remote;

uncaring.

unattractive, unalluring, undesired, undesirable, uncared for,

unwished†, unvalued, all one to.

insipid &c 391; vain.

Adv. for aught one cares.

Int. never mind; Who cares? whatever you like, whatever.

Phr. I couldn't care less, I could care less; anything will do; es

macht nichts [G.].

867. Dislike — N. dislike, distaste, disrelish, disinclination,

displacency†.

reluctance; backwardness &c (unwillingness) 603.

repugnance, disgust, queasiness, turn, nausea, loathing;

averseness†, aversation†, aversion; abomination, antipathy, abhorrence,

horror; mortal antipathy, rooted antipathy, mortal horror, rooted

horror; hatred, detestation; hate &c 898; animosity &c 900;

hydrophobia; canine madness; byssa†, xenophobia.

sickener†; gall and wormwood &c (unsavory) 395; shuddering, cold

sweat.

V. mislike misrelish†, dislike, disrelish; mind, object to; have rather

not, would rather not, prefer not to, not care for; have a dislike for,

conceive a dislike to, entertain a dislike for, take a dislike to, have

an aversion to, have an aversion for; have no taste for, have no

stomach for.

shun, avoid &c 623; eschew; withdraw from, shrink from, recoil

from; not be able to bear, not be able to abide, not be able to endure;

shrug the shoulders at, shudder at, turn up the nose at, look askance

at; make a mouth, make a wry face, make a grimace; make faces.

loathe, nauseate, abominate, detest, abhor; hate &c 898; take

amiss &c 900; have enough of &c (be satiated) 869.

wish away, unwish cause dislike, excite dislike; disincline,

repel, sicken; make sick, render sick; turn one's stomach, nauseate,

wamble†, disgust, shock, stink in the nostrils; go against the grain, go

against the stomach; stick in the throat; make one's blood run cold &c

(give pain) 830; pall.

Adj. disliking &c v.; averse from, loathe, loathe to, loth, adverse;

shy of, sick of, out of conceit with; disinclined; heartsick, dogsick†;

queasy.

disliked &c v.; uncared for, unpopular; out of favor; repulsive,

repugnant, repellant; abhorrent, insufferable, fulsome, nauseous;

loathsome, loathful†; offensive; disgusting &c v.; disagreeable c.

(painful) 830.

Adv. usque ad nauseam [Lat.].

Int. faugh!, foh!†, ugh!,

Phr. non libet [Lat.].

868. Fastidiousness — N. fastidiousness &c adj.; nicety,

hypercriticism, difficulty in being pleased, friandise [Fr.],

epicurism, omnia suspendens naso [Lat.].

epicure, gourmet.

[Excess of delicacy] prudery.

V. be fastidious &c adj.; have a sweet tooth.

mince the matter; turn up one's nose at &c (disdain) 930; look a

gift horse in the mouth, see spots on the sun.

Adj. fastidious, nice, delicate, delicat†, finical, finicky, demanding,

meticulous, exacting, strict, anal [Vulg.], difficult, dainty,

lickerish†, squeamish, thin-skinned; squeasy†, queasy; hard to please,

difficult to please; querulous, particular, straitlaced, scrupulous;

censorious &c 932; hypercritical; overcritical.

Phr. noli me tangere [Lat.].

869. Satiety — N. satiety, satisfaction, saturation, repletion, glut,

surfeit; cloyment†, satiation; weariness &c 841.

spoiled child; enfant gete [Fr.], enfant terrible [Fr.]; too much

of a good thing, toujours perdrix [Fr.]; crambe repetita [Lat.].

V. sate, satiate, satisfy, saturate; cloy, quench, slake, pall, glut.,

gorge, surfeit; bore &c (weary) 841; tire &c (fatigue) 688; spoil.

have enough of, have quite enough of, have one's fill, have too

much of; be satiated &c adj..

Adj. satiated &c v.; overgorged†; blase, used up, sick of, heartsick.

Int. enough!, hold!, eheu jam satis! [Lat.], basta!†,

4. CONTEMPLATIVE AFFECTIONS

870. Wonder — N. wonder, marvel; astonishment, amazement, wonderment,

bewilderment; amazedness &c adj.†; admiration, awe; stupor,

stupefaction; stound†, fascination; sensation; surprise &c

(inexpectation) 508 [Obs.].

note of admiration; thaumaturgy &c (sorcery) 992 [Obs.].

V. wonder, marvel, admire; be surprised &c adj.; start; stare; open

one's eyes, rub one's eyes, turn up one's eyes; gloar†; gape, open one's

mouth, hold one's breath; look aghast, stand aghast, stand agog; look

blank &c (disappointment) 509; tombe des nues [Fr.]; not believe one's

eyes, not believe one's ears, not believe one's senses.

not be able to account for &c (unintelligible) 519; not know

whether one stands on one's head or one's heels.

surprise, astonish, amaze, astound; dumfound, dumfounder; startle,

dazzle; daze; strike, strike with wonder, strike with awe; electrify;

stun, stupefy, petrify, confound, bewilder, flabbergast, stagger, throw

on one's beam ends, fascinate, turn the head, take away one's breath,

strike dumb; make one's hair stand on end, make one's tongue cleave to

the roof of one's mouth; make one stare.

take by surprise &c (be unexpected) 508.

be wonderful &c adj.; beggar description, beggar the imagination,

baffle description; stagger belief.

Adj. surprised &c v.; aghast, all agog, breathless, agape; open-

mouthed; awestruck, thunderstruck, moonstruck, planet-struck;

spellbound; lost in amazement, lost in wonder, lost in astonishment;

struck all of a heap, unable to believe one's senses, like a duck ion

thunder.

wonderful, wondrous; surprising &c v.; unexpected &c 508; unheard

of; mysterious &c (inexplicable) 519; miraculous.

indescribable, inexpressible, inaffable†; unutterable, unspeakable.

monstrous, prodigious, stupendous, marvelous; inconceivable,

incredible; inimaginable†, unimaginable; strange &c (uncommon) 83;

passing strange.

striking &c v.; overwhelming; wonder-working.

Adv. wonderfully, &c adj.; fearfully; for a wonder, in the name of

wonder; strange to say; mirabile dictu [Lat.], mirabile visu [Lat.]; to

one's great surprise.

with wonder &c n., with gaping mouth; with open eyes, with

upturned eyes.

Int. lo, lo and behold!, O!, heyday!, halloo!, what!, indeed!, really!,

surely!, humph!, hem!, good lack, good heavens, good gracious!, Ye

gods!, good Lord!, good grief!, Holy cow!, My word!, Holy shit!

[Vulg.], gad so!, welladay!†, dear me!, only think!, lackadaisy!†, my

stars, my goodness!, gracious goodness!, goodness gracious!, mercy on

us!, heavens and earth!, God bless me!, bless us, bless my heart!,

odzookens!†, O gemini!, adzooks!†, hoity-toity!, strong!, Heaven save

the mark, bless the mark!, can such things be!, zounds!, 'sdeath!

[Contr.], what on earth, what in the world!, who would have thought

it!, &c (inexpectation) 508 [Obs.]; you don't say so!, You're kidding!.

No kidding? what do you say to that!, nous verrons! [Fr.], how

now!, where am I?

Phr. vox faucibus haesit [Lat.]; one's hair standing on end.

871. [Absence of wonder.] Expectance — N. expectance &c (expectation)

507.

example, instance (conformity) 82.

normality (habit) 613.

nine days' wonder.

V. expect &c 507; not be surprised, not wonder &c 870; nil admirari

[Lat.], make nothing of.

Adj. expecting &c v.; unamazed, astonished at nothing; blase &c (weary)

841; expected &c v.; foreseen; unsurprising.

common, ordinary, normal, typical, usual &c (habitual) 613.

Adv. naturally, as a matter of course.

Int. no wonder; of course.

872. Prodigy — N. prodigy, phenomenon; wonder, wonderment; marvel,

miracle; monster &c (unconformity) 83; curiosity, lion, sight,

spectacle; jeu de theatre [Fr.], coup de theatre; gazingstock†; sign;

St.

Elmo's fire, St.

Elmo's light; portent &c 512.

bursting of a shell, bursting of a bomb; volcanic eruption, peal

of thunder; thunder-clap, thunder-bolt.

what no words can paint; wonders of the world; annus mirabilis

[Lat.]; dignus vindice nodus [Lat.].

Phr. natura il fece e poi roppe la stampa [It].

5. EXTRINSIC AFFECTIONS

873. Repute — N. distinction, mark, name, figure; repute, reputation;

good repute, high repute; note, notability, notoriety, eclat, the

bubble reputation [As You Like It], vogue, celebrity; fame, famousness;

renown; popularity, aura popularis [Lat.]; approbation &c 931; credit,

succes d'estime [Fr.], prestige, talk of the town; name to conjure

with.

glory, honor; luster &c (light) 420; illustriousness &c adj..

account, regard, respect; reputableness &c adj.†; respectability &c

(probity) 939; good name, good report; fair name.

dignity; stateliness &c adj.; solemnity, grandeur, splendor,

nobility, majesty, sublimity.

rank, standing, brevet rank, precedence, pas, station, place,

status; position, position in society; order, degree, baccalaureate,

locus standi [Lat.], caste, condition.

greatness &c adj.; eminence; height &c 206; importance &c 642;

preeminence, supereminence; high mightiness, primacy; top of the

ladder, top of the tree.

elevation; ascent &c 305; superaltation†, exaltation;

dignification†, aggrandizement.

dedication, consecration, enthronement, canonization, celebration,

enshrinement, glorification.

hero, man of mark, great card, celebrity, worthy, lion, rara avis

[Lat.], notability, somebody; classman†; man of rank &c (nobleman) 875;

pillar of the state, pillar of the church, pillar of the community.

chief &c (master) 745; first fiddle &c (proficient) 700; cynosure,

mirror; flower, pink, pearl; paragon &c (perfection) 650; choice and

master spirits of the age; elite; star, sun, constellation, galaxy.

ornament, honor, feather in one's cap, halo, aureole, nimbus; halo

of glory, blaze of glory, blushing honors; laurels &c (trophy) 733.

memory, posthumous fame, niche in the temple of fame; immortality,

immortal name; magni nominis umbra [Lat.] [Lucan].

V. be conscious of glory; be proud of &c (pride) 878; exult &c (boast)

884; be vain of &c (vanity) 880.

be distinguished &c adj.; shine &c (light) 420; shine forth,

figure; cut a figure, make a dash, make a splash.

rival, surpass; outshine, outrival, outvie†, outjump; emulate,

eclipse; throw into the shade, cast into the shade; overshadow.

live, flourish, glitter, flaunt, gain honor, acquire honor &c n.;

play first fiddle &c (be of importance) 642, bear the palm, bear the

bell; lead the way; take precedence, take the wall of; gain laurels,

win laurels, gain spurs, gain golden opinions &c (approbation) 931;

take one's degree, pass one's examination.

make a noise, make some noise, make a noise in the world; leave

one's mark, exalt one's horn, blow one's horn, star it, have a run, be

run after; come into vogue, come to the front; raise one's head.

enthrone, signalize, immortalize, deify, exalt to the skies; hand

one's name down to posterity.

consecrate; dedicate to, devote to; enshrine, inscribe, blazon,

lionize, blow the trumpet, crown with laurel.

confer honor on, reflect honor on &c v.; shed a luster on;

redound.to one's honor, ennoble.

give honor to, do honor to, pay honor to, render honor to; honor,

accredit, pay regard to, dignify, glorify; sing praises to &c (approve)

931; lock up to; exalt, aggrandize, elevate, nobilitate [Lat.].

Adj. distinguished, distingue [Fr.], noted; of note &c n.; honored &c

v.; popular; fashionable &c 852.

in good odor in; favor, in high favor; reputable, respectable,

creditable.

remarkable &c (important) 642; notable, notorious; celebrated,

renowned, ion every one's mouth, talked of; famous, famed; far-famed;

conspicuous, to the front; foremost; in the front rank, in the

ascendant.

imperishable, deathless, immortal, never fading, aere perennius

[Lat.]; time honored.

illustrious, glorious, splendid, brilliant, radiant; bright &c

420; full-blown; honorific.

eminent, prominent; high &c 206; in the zenith; at the head of, at

the top of the tree; peerless, of the first water.; superior &c 33;

supereminent, preeminent.

great, dignified, proud, noble, honorable, worshipful, lordly,

grand, stately, august, princely.

imposing, solemn, transcendent, majestic, sacred, sublime, heaven-

born, heroic, sans peur et sans reproche [Fr.]; sacrosanct.

Int. hail!, all hail!, ave!, viva!, vive! [Fr.], long life to!, banzai!

[Jap.]; glory be to, honor be to?

Phr. one's name being in every mouth, one's name living for ever; sic

itur ad astra [Lat.], fama volat [Lat.], aut Caesar aut nullus [Lat.];

not to know him argues oneself unknown; none but himself could be his

parallel, palmam qui meruit ferat [Lat.] [Nelson's motto].

above all Greek above all Roman fame [Pope]; cineri gloria sera

est [Lat.] [Martial]; great is the glory for the strife is hard

[Wordsworth]; honor virtutis praemium [Lat.] [Cicero]; immensum gloria

calcar habet [Ovid]; the glory dies not and the grief is past

[Brydges]; vivit post funera virtus [Lat.].

874. Disrepute — N. disrepute, discredit; ill repute, bad repute, bad

name, bad odor, bad favor, ill name, ill odor, ill favor;

disapprobation &c 932; ingloriousness, derogation; abasement,

debasement; abjectness &c adj.; degradation, dedecoration†; a long

farewell to all my greatness [Henry VIII]; odium, obloquy, opprobrium,

ignominy.

dishonor, disgrace; shame, humiliation; scandal, baseness,

vileness†; turpitude &c (improbity) 940 [Obs.]; infamy.

tarnish, taint, defilement, pollution.

stain, blot, spot, blur, stigma, brand, reproach, imputation,

slur.

crying shame, burning shame; scandalum magnatum [Lat.], badge of

infamy, blot in one's escutcheon; bend sinister, bar sinister;

champain†, point champain†; byword of reproach; Ichabod.

argumentum ad verecundiam [Lat.]; sense of shame &c 879.

V. be inglorious &c adj.; incur disgrace &c n.; have a bad name, earn a

bad name; put a halter round one's neck, wear a halter round one's

neck; disgrace oneself, expose oneself.

play second fiddle; lose caste; pale one's ineffectual fire;

recede into the shade; fall from one's high estate; keep in the

background &c (modesty) 881; be conscious of disgrace &c (humility)

879; look blue, look foolish, look like a fool; cut a poor figure, cut

a sorry figure; laugh on the wrong side of the mouth; make a sorry

face, go away with a flea in.

one's ear, slink away.

cause shame &c n.; shame, disgrace, put to shame, dishonor; throw

dishonor upon, cast dishonor upon, fling dishonor upon, reflect

dishonor upon &c n.; be a reproach &c n.. to; derogate from.

tarnish, stain, blot sully, taint; discredit; degrade, debase,

defile; beggar; expel &c (punish) 972.

impute shame to, brand, post, stigmatize, vilify, defame, slur,

cast a slur upon, hold up to shame, send to Coventry; tread under foot,

trample under foot; show up, drag through the mire, heap dirt upon;

reprehend &c 932.

bring low, put down, snub; take down a peg, take down a peg lower,

take down a peg or two.

obscure.

eclipse, outshine, take the shine out of; throw into the shade,

cast into the shade; overshadow; leave in the background, put in the

background; push into a corner, put one's nose out of joint; put out,

put out of countenance.

upset, throw off one's center; discompose, disconcert; put to the

blush &c (humble) 879.

Adj. disgraced &c v.; blown upon; shorn of its beams [Milton], shorn of

one's glory; overcome, downtrodden; loaded with shame &c n.; in bad

repute &c n.; out of repute, out of favor, out of fashion, out of

countenance; at a discount; under a cloud, under an eclipse; unable to

show one's face; in the shade, in the background; out at elbows, down

at the elbows, down in the world.

inglorious; nameless, renownless†; obscure; unknown to fame;

unnoticed, unnoted†, unhonored, unglorified†.

shameful; disgraceful, discreditable, disreputable; despicable;

questionable; unbecoming, unworthy; derogatory; degrading, humiliating,

infra dignitatem [Lat.], dedecorous†; scandalous, infamous, too bad,

unmentionable; ribald, opprobrious; errant, shocking, outrageous,

notorious.

ignominious, scrubby, dirty, abject, vile, beggarly, pitiful, low,

mean, shabby base &c (dishonorable) 940.

Adv. to one's shame be it spoken.

Int. fie!, shame!, for shame!, proh pudor! [Lat.], O tempora!†, O

mores!, ough!, sic transit gloria mundi! [Lat.],

875. Nobility — N. nobility, rank, condition, distinction, optimacy†,

blood, pur sang [Fr.], birth, high descent, order; quality, gentility;

blue blood of Castile; ancien regime [Fr.].

high life, haute monde [Fr.]; upper classes, upper ten thousand;

the four hundred [U.S.]; elite, aristocracy, great folks; fashionable

world &c (fashion) 852.

peer, peerage; house of lords, house of peers; lords, lords

temporal and spiritual; noblesse; noble, nobleman; lord, lordling†;

grandee, magnifico [Lat.], hidalgo; daimio [Jap.], daimyo [Jap.],

samurai [Jap.], shizoku [Jap.]; don, donship†; aristocrat, swell, three-

tailed bashaw†; gentleman, squire, squireen†, patrician, laureate.

gentry, gentlefolk; squirarchy [Slang], better sort magnates,

primates, optimates†; pantisocracy†.

king &c (master) 745; atheling†; prince, duke; marquis,

marquisate†; earl, viscount, baron, thane, banneret†; baronet,

baronetcy†; knight, knighthood; count, armiger†, laird; signior†,

seignior; esquire, boyar, margrave, vavasour†; emir, ameer†, scherif†,

sharif, effendi, wali; sahib; chevalier, maharaja, nawab, palsgrave†,

pasha, rajah, waldgrave†.

princess, begum†, duchess, marchioness; countess &c; lady, dame;

memsahib; Do$a, maharani, rani.

personage of distinction, man of distinction, personage of rank,

man of rank, personage of mark, man of mark; notables, notabilities;

celebrity, bigwig, magnate, great man, star, superstar; big bug; big

gun, great gun; gilded rooster [U.S.]; magni nominis umbra [Lat.]

[Lucan]; every inch a king [Lear].

V. be noble &c adj..

Adj. noble, exalted; of rank &c n.; princely, titled, patrician,

aristocratic; high-, well-born; of gentle blood; genteel, comme il faut

[Fr.], gentlemanlike†, courtly &c (fashionable) 852; highly respectable.

Adv. in high quarters.

Phr. Adel sitzt im Gemuthe nicht im Gebluete [G.]; adelig und edel sind

zweierlei [G.]; noblesse oblige [Fr.].

876. Commonalty — N. commonalty, democracy; obscurity; low condition,

low life, low society, low company; bourgeoisie; mass of the people,

mass of society; Brown Jones and Robinson; lower classes, humbler

classes, humbler orders; vulgar herd, common herd; rank and file, hoc

genus omne [Lat.]; the many, the general, the crowd, the people, the

populace, the multitude, the million, the masses, the mobility, the

peasantry; king Mob; proletariat; fruges consumere nati [Lat.], demos,

hoi polloi [Gr.], great unwashed; man in the street.

mob; rabble, rabble rout; chaff, rout, horde, canaille; scum of

the people, residuum of the people, dregs of the people, dregs of

society; swinish multitude, foex populi†; trash; profanum vulgus [Lat.],

ignobile vulgus [Lat.]; vermin, riffraff, ragtag and bobtail; small

fry.

commoner, one of the people, democrat, plebeian, republican,

proletary†, proletaire†, roturier†, Mr.

Snooks, bourgeois, epicier [Fr.], Philistine, cockney; grisette†,

demimonde.

peasant, countryman, boor, carle†, churl; villain, villein; terrae

filius [Lat.], son of the land; serf, kern†, tyke, tike, chuff†, ryot†,

fellah; longshoreman; swain, clown, hind; clod, clodhopper; hobnail,

yokel, bog-trotter, bumpkin; plowman, plowboy†; rustic, hayseed [Slang],

lunkhead [U.S.], chaw-bacon [Slang], tiller of the soil; hewers of wood

and drawers of water, groundling†; gaffer, loon, put, cub, Tony

Lumpkin†, looby†, rube [U.S.], lout, underling; gamin; rough; pot-

wallopper†, slubberdegullion†; vulgar fellow, low fellow; cad,

curmudgeon.

upstart, parvenu, skipjack†; nobody, nobody one knows; hesterni

quirites [Lat.], pessoribus orti [Lat.]; bourgeois gentilhomme [Fr.],

novus homo [Lat.], snob, gent, mushroom, no one knows who, adventurer;

man of straw.

beggar, gaberlunzie†, muckworm†, mudlark†, sans culotte, raff†,

tatterdemalion, caitiff, ragamuffin, Pariah, outcast of society, tramp,

vagabond, bezonian†, panhandler [Slang], sundowner†, chiffonnier,

Cinderella, cinderwench†, scrub, jade; gossoon†.

Goth, Vandal, Hottentot, Zulu, savage, barbarian, Yahoo; unlicked

cub†, rough diamond†.

barbarousness, barbarism; boeotia.

V. be ignoble &c adj., be nobody &c n..

Adj. ignoble, common, mean, low, base, vile, sorry, scrubby, beggarly;

below par; no great shakes &c (unimportant) 643; homely, homespun;

vulgar, low-minded; snobbish.

plebeian, proletarian; of low parentage, of low origin, of low

extraction, of mean parentage, of mean origin, of mean extraction;

lowborn, baseborn, earthborn†; mushroom, dunghill, risen from the ranks;

unknown to fame, obscure, untitled.

rustic, uncivilized; loutish, boorish, clownish, churlish,

brutish, raffish; rude, unlicked†.

barbarous, barbarian, barbaric, barbaresque†; cockney, born within

sound of Bow bells.

underling, menial, subaltern.

Adv. below the salt.

Phr. dummodo sit dives barbarus ipse placet [Lat.] [Ovid].

877. Title — N. title, honor; knighthood &c (nobility) 875.

highness, excellency, grace; lordship, worship; reverence,

reverend; esquire, sir, master, Mr., signor, senor, Mein Herr [G.],

mynheer†; your honor, his honor; serene highness; handle to one's name.

decoration, laurel, palm, wreath, garland, bays, medal, ribbon,

riband, blue ribbon, cordon, cross, crown, coronet, star, garter;

feather, feather in one's cap; epaulet, epaulette, colors, cockade;

livery; order, arms, shield, scutcheon; reward &c 973.

878. Pride — N. dignity, self-respect, mens sibi conscia recti [Lat.]

[Vergil].

pride; haughtiness &c adj.; high notions, hauteur; vainglory,

crest; arrogance &c (assumption) 885.

proud man, highflier†; fine gentleman, fine lady.

V. be proud &c adj.; put a good face on; look one in the face; stalk

abroad, perk oneself up; think no small beer of oneself; presume,

swagger, strut; rear one's head, lift up one's head, hold up one's

head; hold one's head high, look big, take the wall, bear like the Turk

no rival near the throne [Pope], carry with a high hand; ride the high

horse, mount on one's high horse; set one's back up, bridle, toss the

head; give oneself airs &c (assume) 885; boast &c 884.

pride oneself on; glory in, take a pride in; pique oneself, plume

oneself, hug oneself; stand upon, be proud of; put a good face on; not

hide one's light under a bushel, not put one's talent in a napkin; not

think small beer of oneself &c (vanity) 880.

Adj. dignified; stately; proud, proud-crested; lordly, baronial; lofty-

minded; highsouled, high-minded, high-mettled†, high-handed, high-

plumed, high-flown, high-toned.

haughty lofty, high, mighty, swollen, puffed up, flushed, blown;

vainglorious; purse-proud, fine; proud as a peacock, proud as Lucifer;

bloated with pride.

supercilious, disdainful, bumptious, magisterial, imperious, high

and mighty, overweening, consequential; arrogant &c 885; unblushing &c

880.

stiff, stiff-necked; starch; perked stuck-up; in buckram, strait-

laced; prim &c (affected) 855.

on one's dignity, on one's high horses, on one's tight ropes, on

one's high ropes; on stilts; en grand seigneur [Fr.].

Adv. with head erect.

Phr. odi profanum vulgus et arceo [Lat.] [Horace].

a duke's revenues on her back [Henry VI]; disdains the shadow

which he treads on at noon [Coriolanis]; pride in their port, defiance

in their eye [Goldsmith].

879. Humility — N. humility, humbleness; meekness, lowness; lowliness,

lowlihood†; abasement, self-abasement; submission &c 725; resignation.

condescension; affability &c (courtesy) 894.

modesty &c 881; verecundity†, blush, suffusion, confusion; sense of

shame, sense of disgrace; humiliation, mortification; let down, set

down.

V. be humble &c adj.; deign, vouchsafe, condescend; humble oneself,

demean oneself; stoop, stoop to conquer; carry coals; submit &c 725;

submit with a good grace &c (brook) 826; yield the palm.

lower one's tone, lower one's note; sing small, draw in one's

horns, sober down; hide one's face, hide one's diminished head; not

dare to show one's face, take shame to oneself, not have a word to say

for oneself; feel shame, be conscious of shame, feel disgrace, be

conscious of disgrace; drink the cup of humiliation to the dregs.

blush for, blush up to the eves; redden, change color; color up;

hang one's head, look foolish, feel small.

render humble; humble, humiliate; let down, set down, take down,

tread down, frown down; snub, abash, abase, make one sing small, strike

dumb; teach one his distance; put down, take down a peg, take down a

peg lower; throw into the shade, cast into the shade &c 874; stare out

of countenance, put out of countenance; put to the blush; confuse,

ashame†, mortify, disgrace, crush; send away with a flea in one's ear.

get a setdown†.

Adj. humble, lowly, meek; modest &c 881; humble minded, sober-minded;

unoffended†; submissive &c 725; servile, &c 886.

condescending; affable &c (courteous) 891.

humbled &c v.; bowed down, resigned; abashed, ashamed, dashed; out

of countenance; down in the mouth; down on one's knees, down on one's

marrowbones, down on one's uppers; humbled in the dust, browbeaten;

chapfallen†, crestfallen; dumfoundered†.

flabbergasted.

shorn of one's glory &c (disrepute) 874.

Adv. with downcast eyes, with bated breath, with bended knee; on all

fours, on one's feet.

under correction, with due deference.

Phr. I am your obedient servant, I am your very humble servant; my

service to you; da locum melioribus [Lat.] [Terence]; parvum parva

decent [Lat.] [Horace].

880. Vanity — N. vanity; conceit, conceitedness; self-conceit, self-

complacency, self-confidence, self-sufficiency, self-esteem, self-love,

self-approbation, self-praise, self-glorification, self-laudation,

self-gratulation†, self-applause, self-admiration; amour propre [Fr.];

selfishness &c 943.

airs, affected manner, pretensions, mannerism; egotism; priggism†,

priggishness; coxcombry, gaudery†, vainglory, elation; pride &c 878;

ostentation &c 882; assurance &c 885.

vox et praeterea nihil [Lat.]; cheval de bataille [Fr.].

coxcomb &c 854; Sir Oracle &c 887.

V. be vain &c adj., be vain of; pique oneself &c (pride) 878; lay the

flattering unction to one's soul.

have too high an opinion of oneself, have an overweening opinion

of oneself, have too high an opinion of one's talents; blind oneself as

to one's own merit; not think small beer of oneself, not think vin

ordinaire of oneself [Fr.]; put oneself forward; fish for compliments;

give oneself airs &c (assume) 885; boast &c 884.

render vain &c adj.; inspire with vanity &c n.; inflate, puff up,

turn up, turn one's head.

Adj. vain, vain as a peacock, proud as a peacock; conceited,

overweening, pert, forward; vainglorious, high-flown; ostentatious &c

882; puffed up, inflated, flushed.

self-satisfied, self-confident, self-sufficient, self-flattering,

self-admiring, self-applauding, self-glorious, self-opinionated;

entente &c (wrongheaded) 481; wise in one's own conceit, pragmatical†,

overwise†, pretentious, priggish; egotistic, egotistical; soi-disant &c

(boastful) 884 [Fr.]; arrogant &c 885.

unabashed, unblushing; unconstrained, unceremonious; free and

easy.

Adv. vainly &c adj..

Phr. how we apples swim! [Swift]; prouder than rustling in unpaid-for

silk [Cymbeline].

881. Modesty — N. modesty; humility &c 879; diffidence, timidity;

retiring disposition; unobtrusiveness; bashfulness &c adj.; mauvaise

honte [Fr.]; blush, blushing; verecundity†; self-knowledge.

reserve, constraint; demureness &c adj.; blushing honors [Henry

VIII].

V. be modest &c adj.; retire, reserve oneself; give way to; draw in

one's horns &c 879; hide one's face.

keep private, keep in the background, keep one's distance; pursue

the noiseless tenor of one's way, do good by stealth and blush to find

it fame [Pope], hide one's light under a bushel, cast a sheep's eye.

Adj. modest, diffident; humble &c 879; timid, timorous, bashful; shy,

nervous, skittish, coy, sheepish, shamefaced, blushing, overmodest.

unpretending†, unpretentious; unobtrusive, unassuming,

unostentatious, unboastful†, unaspiring; poor in spirit.

out of countenance &c (humbled) 879.

reserved, constrained, demure.

Adv. humbly &c adj.; quietly, privately; without ceremony, without beat

of drum; sans fa

Phr. not stepping o'er the bounds of modesty [Romeo and Juliet]; thy

modesty's a candle to thy merit [Fielding].

882. Ostentation — N. ostentation, display, show, flourish, parade,

etalage [Fr.], pomp, array, state, solemnity; dash, splash, splurge,

glitter, strut, pomposity; pretense, pretensions; showing off; fuss.

magnificence, splendor; coup d'oeil [Fr.]; grand doings.

coup de theatre; stage effect, stage trick; claptrap; mise en

scene [Fr.]; tour de force; chic.

demonstration, flying colors; tomfoolery; flourish of trumpets &c

(celebration) 883; pageant, pageantry; spectacle, exhibition,

exposition, procession; turn out, set out; grand function; fête, gala,

field day, review, march past, promenade, insubstantial pageant.

dress; court dress, full dress, evening dress, ball dress, fancy

dress; tailoring, millinery, man millinery, frippery, foppery,

equipage.

ceremony, ceremonial; ritual; form, formality; etiquette; puncto

[Lat.], punctilio, punctiliousness; starched stateliness, stateliness.

mummery, solemn mockery, mouth honor.

attitudinarian†; fop &c 854.

V. be ostentatious &c adj.; come forward, put oneself forward; attract

attention, star it.

cut a figure, make a dash, make a splash, make a splurge, cut a

dash, cut a splash, cut a splurge; figure, figure away; make a show,

make a display; glitter.

show off, show off one's paces; parade, march past; display,

exhibit, put forward, hold up; trot out, hand out; sport, brandish,

blazon forth; dangle, dangle before the eyes.

cry up &c (praise) 931; proner [Fr.], flaunt, emblazon, prink†, set

off, mount, have framed and glazed.

put a good face upon, put a smiling face upon; clean the outside

of the platter &c (disguise) 544.

Adj. ostentatious, showy, dashing, pretentious; janty†, jaunty; grand,

pompous, palatial; high-sounding; turgid &c (big-sounding) 577;

gairish†, garish; gaudy, gaudy as a peacock, gaudy as a butterfly, gaudy

as a tulip; flaunting, flashing, flaming, glittering; gay &c (ornate)

847.

splendid, magnificent, sumptuous.

theatrical, dramatic, spectacular; ceremonial, ritual.

solemn, stately, majestic, formal, stiff, ceremonious,

punctilious, starched.

dressed to kill, dressed to the nines, decjed out, all decked out,

en granite tenue [Fr.], in best bib and tucker, in Sunday best,

endimanché, chic.

Adv. with flourish of trumpet, with beat of drum, with flying colors.

ad captandum vulgus [Lat.].

Phr. honores mutant mores [Lat.].

883. Celebration — N. celebration, solemnization, jubilee,

commemoration, ovation, paean, triumph, jubilation, ceremony (rite)

998; holiday, fiesta, zarabanda†, revelry, feast (amusement) 840; china

anniversary, diamond anniversary, golden anniversary, silver

anniversary, tin anniversary, china jubilee, diamond jubilee, golden

jubilee, silver jubilee, tin jubilee, china wedding, diamond wedding,

golden wedding, silver wedding, tin wedding.

triumphal arch, bonfire, salute; salvo, salvo of artillery; feu de

joie [Fr.], flourish of trumpets, fanfare, colors flying,

illuminations.

inauguration, installation, presentation; coronation; Lord Mayor's

show; harvest-home, red-letter day; trophy &c 733; Te Deum &c

(thanksgiving) 990 [Lat.]; fete &c 882; holiday &c 840; Forefathers'

Day [U.S.].

V. celebrate keep, signalize, do honor to, commemorate, solemnize,

hallow, mark with a red letter.

pledge, drink to, toast, hob and nob†.

inaugurate, install, chair.

rejoice &c 838; kill the fatted calf, hold jubilee, roast an ox.

Adj. celebrating &c v.; commemorative, celebrated, immortal.

Adv. in honor of, in commemoration of.

Int. hail!, all hail!, io paean, io triumphe!†, see the conquering hero

comes!.

884. Boasting — N. boasting &c v.; boast, vaunt, crake†; pretense,

pretensions; puff, puffery; flourish, fanfaronade†; gasconade; blague†,

bluff, gas [Slang]; highfalutin, highfaluting†; hot air, spread-eagleism

[U.S.]; brag, braggardism†; bravado, bunkum, buncombe; jactitation†,

jactancy†; bounce; venditation†, vaporing, rodomontade, bombast, fine

talking, tall talk, magniloquence, teratology†, heroics; Chauvinism;

exaggeration &c 549.

vanity &c 880; vox et praeterea nihil [Lat.]; much cry and little

wool, brutum fulmen [Lat.].

exultation; gloriation†, glorification; flourish of trumpets;

triumph &c 883.

boaster; braggart, braggadocio; Gascon [Fr.], fanfaron†, pretender,

soi-disant [Fr.]; blower [U.S.], bluffer, Foxy Quiller†; blusterer &c

887; charlatan, jack-pudding, trumpeter; puppy &c (fop) 854.

V. boast, make a boast of, brag, vaunt, Puff, show off, flourish,

crake†, crack, trumpet, strut, swagger, vapor; blague†, blow, four-flush

[Slang], bluff.

exult, crow, crow over, neigh, chuckle, triumph; throw up one's

cap; talk big, se faire valoir [Fr.], faire claquer son fouet [Fr.],

take merit to oneself, make a merit of, sing Io triumphe†, holloa before

one is out of the wood†.

Adj. boasting &c v.; magniloquent, flaming, Thrasonic, stilted,

gasconading, braggart, boastful, pretentious, soi-disant [Fr.];

vainglorious &c (conceited) 880; highfalutin, highfaluting†; spread-

eagle [U.S.].

elate, elated; jubilant, triumphant, exultant; in high feather;

flushed, flushed with victory; cock-a-hoop; on stilts.

vaunted &c v..

Adv. vauntingly &c adj..

Phr. let the galled jade wince [Hamlet]; facta non verba [Lat.].

885. [Undue assumption of superiority.] Insolence — N. insolence;

haughtiness &c adj.; arrogance, airs; overbearance†; domineering &c v.;

tyranny &c 739.

impertinence; sauciness &c adj.; flippancy, dicacity†, petulance,

procacity†, bluster; swagger, swaggering &c v.; bounce; terrorism.

assumption, presumption; beggar on horseback; usurpation.

impudence, assurance, audacity, hardihood, front, face, brass;

shamelessness &c adj.; effrontery, hardened front, face of brass.

assumption of infallibility.

saucebox &c (blusterer) 887 [Obs.].

V. be insolent &c adj.; bluster, vapor, swagger, swell, give oneself

airs, snap one's fingers, kick up a dust; swear &c (affirm) 535; rap

out oaths; roister.

arrogate; assume, presume; make bold, make free; take a liberty,

give an inch and take an ell.

domineer, bully, dictate, hector; lord it over; traiter de haut en

bas [Fr.], regarder de haut en bas [Fr.]; exact; snub, huff., beard,

fly in the face of; put to the blush; bear down, beat down; browbeat,

intimidate; trample down, tread down, trample under foot; dragoon, ride

roughshod over.

out face, outlook, outstare, outbrazen†, outbrave†; stare out of

countenance; brazen out; lay down the law; teach one's grandmother to

suck eggs; assume a lofty bearing; talk big, look big; put on big

looks, act the grand seigneur [Fr.]; mount the high horse, ride the

high horse; toss the head, carry, with a high hand.

tempt Providence, want snuffing.

Adj. insolent, haughty, arrogant, imperious, magisterial, dictatorial,

arbitrary; high-handed, high and mighty; contumelious, supercilious,

overbearing, intolerant, domineering, overweening, high-flown.

flippant, pert, fresh [U.S.], cavalier, saucy, forward,

impertinent, malapert.

precocious, assuming, would-be, bumptious.

bluff; brazen, shameless, aweless, unblushlng†, unabashed; brazen,

boldfaced-, barefaced-, brazen-faced; dead to shame, lost to shame.

impudent, audacious, presumptuous, free and easy, devil-may-care,

rollicking; jaunty, janty†; roistering, blustering, hectoring,

swaggering, vaporing; thrasonic, fire eating, full of sound and fury

[Macbeth].

Adv. with a high hand; ex cathedra [Lat.].

Phr. one's bark being worse than his bite; beggars mounted run their

horse to death [Henry VI]; quid times? Caesarem vehis [Lat.]

[Plutarch]; wagahai wa [Jap.] (expressing superiority) [Jap.Tr.].

886. Servility — N. servility; slavery &c (subjection) 749;

obsequiousness &c adj.; subserviency; abasement; prostration,

prosternation†; genuflection &c (worship) 990; fawning &c v.; tuft-

hunting, timeserving†, flunkeyism†; sycophancy &c (flattery) 933;

humility &c 879.

sycophant, parasite; toad, toady, toad-eater; tufthunter†; snob,

flunky, flunkey, yes-man, lapdog, spaniel, lickspittle, smell-feast,

Graeculus esuriens [Lat.], hanger on, cavaliere servente [It], led

captain, carpet knight; timeserver, fortune hunter, Vicar of Bray, Sir-

Pertinax, Max Sycophant, pickthank†; flatterer &c 935; doer of dirty

work; ame damnee [Fr.], tool; reptile; slave &c (servant) 746;

courtier; beat [Slang], dead beat [Slang], doughface [U.S.], heeler

[U.S.], homme de cour [Fr.], sponger, sucker [Slang], tagtail†,

truckler.

V. cringe, bow, stoop, kneel, bend the knee; fall on one's knees,

prostrate oneself; worship &c 990.

sneak, crawl, crouch, cower, sponge, truckle to, grovel, fawn,

lick the feet of, kiss the hem of one's garment, kiss one's ass

[Vulg.], suck up.

pay court to; feed on, fatten on, dance attendance on, pin oneself

upon, hang on the sleeve of, avaler les couleuvres [Fr.], keep time to,

fetch and carry, do the dirty work of.

go with the stream, worship the rising sun, hold with the hare and

run with the hounds.

Adj. servile, obsequious; supple, supple as a glove; soapy, oily,

pliant, cringing, abased, dough-faced, fawning, slavish, groveling,

sniveling, mealy-mouthed; beggarly, sycophantic, parasitical; abject,

prostrate, down on ones marrowbones; base, mean, sneaking; crouching &c

v..

Adv. hat in hand, cap in hand.

887. Blusterer — N. blusterer, swaggerer, vaporer, roisterer†, brawler;

fanfaron†; braggart &c (boaster) 884; bully, terrorist, rough; bulldozer

[U.S.], hoodlum, hooligan [Slang], larrikin†, roarer [Slang]; Mohock,

Mohawk; drawcansir†, swashbuckler, Captain Bobadil, Sir Lucius

O'Trigger, Thraso, Pistol, Parolles, Bombastes Furioso†, Hector,

Chrononhotonthologos†; jingo; desperado, dare-devil, fire eater; fury,

&c (violent person) 173; rowdy; slang-whanger [Slang], tough [U.S.].

puppy &c (fop) 854; prig; Sir Oracle, dogmatist, doctrinaire,

jack-in-office; saucebox†, malapert, jackanapes, minx; bantam-cock.

SECTION III.

SYMPATHETIC AFFECTIONS

1. SOCIAL AFFECTIONS

888. Friendship — N. friendship, amity; friendliness &c adj.;

brotherhood, fraternity, sodality, confraternity; harmony &c (concord)

714; peace &c 721.

firm friendship, staunch friendship, intimate friendship, familiar

friendship, bosom friendship, cordial friendship, tried friendship,

devoted friendship, lasting friendship, fast friendship, sincere

friendship, warm friendship, ardent friendship.

cordiality, fraternization, entente cordiale [Fr.], good

understanding, rapprochement, sympathy, fellow-feeling, response,

welcomeness.

affection &c (love) 897; favoritism; good will &c (benevolence)

906.

acquaintance, familiarity, intimacy, intercourse, fellowship,

knowledge of; introduction.

V. be friendly &c adj., be friends &c 890, be acquainted with &c adj.;

know; have the ear of; keep company with &c (sociality) 892; hold

communication with, have dealings with, sympathize with; have a leaning

to; bear good will &c (benevolent) 906; love &c 897; make much of;

befriend &c (aid) 707; introduce to.

set one's horses together; have the latchstring out [U.S.]; hold

out the right hand of friendship, extend the right hand of friendship,

hold out the right hand of fellowship; become friendly &c adj.; make

friends with &c 890; break the lee, be introduced to; make acquaintance

with, pick acquaintance with, scrape acquaintance with; get into favor,

gain the friendship of.

shake hands with, fraternize, embrace; receive with open arms,

throw oneself into the arms of; meet halfway, take in good part.

Adj. friendly; amicable, amical†; well-affected, unhostile†, neighborly,

brotherly, fraternal, sympathetic, harmonious, hearty, cordial, warm-

hearted.

friends with, well with, at home with, hand in hand with; on good

terms, on friendly terms, on amicable terms, on cordial terms, on

familiar terms, on intimate terms, on good footing; on speaking terms,

on visiting terms; in one's good graces, in one's good books.

acquainted, familiar, intimate, thick, hand and glove, hail fellow

well met, free and easy; welcome.

Adv. amicably &c adj.; with open arms; sans ceremonie [Fr.]; arm in

arm.

Phr. amicitia semper prodest [Lat.] [Seneca]; a mystic bond of

brotherhood makes all men one [Carlyle]; friendship is love without

either flowers or veil [Hare]; trulgus amicitias utilitate probat

[Lat.] [Ovid].

889. Enmity — N. enmity, hostility; unfriendliness &c adj.; discord &c

713; bitterness, rancor.

alienation, estrangement; dislike &c 867; hate &c 898.

heartburning†; animosity &c 900; malevolence &c 907.

V. be inimical &c adj.; keep at arm's length, hold at arm's length; be

at loggerheads; bear malice &c 907; fall out; take umbrage &c 900;

harden the heart, alienate, estrange.

[not friendly, but not hostile]. (indifference). 866.

Adj. inimical, unfriendly, hostile; at enmity, at variance, at daggers

drawn, at open war with; up in arms against; in bad odor with.

on bad terms, not on speaking terms; cool; cold, cold hearted;

estranged, alienated, disaffected, irreconcilable.

890. Friend — N. friend, friend of one's bosom; alter ego; best

friend, bosom friend, soulmate, fast friend; amicus [Lat.]; usque ad

aras [Lat.]; fidus Achates [Lat.]; persona grata.

acquaintance, neighbor, next-door neighbor, casual acquaintance,

nodding acquaintance; wellwisher.

favorer, fautor†, patron, Mecaenas; tutelary saint, good genius,

advocate, partisan, sympathizer; ally; friend in need &c (auxiliary)

711.

comrade, mate, companion, familiar, confrere, comrade, camarade†,

confidante, intimate; old crony, crony; chum; pal; buddy, bosom buddy;

playfellow, playmate, childhood friend; bedfellow, bedmate; chamber

fellow.

associate, colleague, compeer.

schoolmate, schoolfellow†; classfellow†, classman†, classmate;

roommate; fellow-man, stable companion.

best man, maid of honor, matron of honor.

compatriot; fellow countryman, countryman.

shopmate, fellow-worker, shipmate, messmate†; fellow companion,

boon companion, pot companion; copartner, partner, senior partner,

junior partner.

Arcades ambo Pylades and Orestes Castor and Pollux†, Nisus and

Euryalus [Lat.], Damon and Pythias, par nobile fratrum [Lat.].

host, Amphitryon†, Boniface; guest, visitor, protégé.

Phr. amici probantur rebus adversis [Lat.]; ohne bruder kann man leben

nicht ohne Freund [G.]; best friend, my well-spring in the wilderness

[G.

Eliot]; conocidos muchos amigos pocos [Sp.]; friend more divine

than all divinities [G.

Eliot]; vida sin amigo muerte sin testigo [Sp.].

891. Enemy — N. enemy; antagonist; foe, foeman†; open enemy, bitter

enemy, opponent &c 710; back friend.

public enemy, enemy to society.

Phr. every hand being against one; he makes no friend who never made a

foe [Tennyson].

with friends like that, who needs enemies?; Lord protect me from

my friends; I can protect myself from my enemies.

892. Sociality — N. sociality, sociability, sociableness &c adj.;

social intercourse; consociation†; intercourse, intercommunity†;

consortship†, companionship, comradeship; clubbism†; esprit de corps.

conviviality; good fellowship, good company; joviality, jollity,

savoir vivre [Fr.], festivity, festive board, merrymaking; loving cup†;

hospitality, heartiness; cheer.

welcome, welcomeness; greeting; hearty welcome, hearty reception,

warm reception; urbanity &c (courtesy) 894; familiarity.

good fellow, jolly fellow; bon enfant [Fr.], bawcock†.

social circle, family circle; circle of acquaintance, coterie,

society, company.

social gathering, social reunion; assembly &c (assemblage) 72;

barbecue [U.S.], bee; corn-husking [U.S.], corn-shucking [U.S.]; house

raising, barn raising; husking, husking-bee [U.S.]; infare†.

party, entertainment, reception, levee, at, home, conversazione

[It], soiree, matinée; evening party, morning party, afternoon party,

bridge party, garden party, surprise party; kettle, kettle drum; partie

carrée [Fr.], dish of tea, ridotto†, rout†; housewarming; ball,

festival &c; smoker, smoker-party; sociable [U.S.], stag party, hen

party, tamasha†; tea-party, tea-fight [Slang].

(amusement) 840; the feast of reason and the flow of soul [Pope].

birthday party [parties for specific occasions], Christmas party,

New Year's Eve party, Thanksgiving Day Dinner; bonenkai [Jap.]; wedding

reception.

visiting; round of visits; call, morning call; interview &c

(conversation) 588; assignation; tryst, trysting place; appointment.

club &c (association) 712.

V. be sociable &c adj.; know; be acquainted &c adj.; associate with,

sort with, keep company with, walk hand in hand with; eat off the same

trencher, club together, consort, bear one company, join; make

acquaintance with &c (friendship) 888; make advances, fraternize,

embrace.

be at home with, feel at home with, make oneself at home with;

make free with; crack a bottle with; receive hospitality, live at free

quarters; find the latchstring out [U.S.].

visit, pay a visit; interchange visits, interchange cards; call

at, call upon; leave a card; drop in, look in; look one up, beat up

one's quarters.

entertain; give a party &c n.; be at home, see one's friends, hang

out, keep open house, do the honors; receive, receive with open arms;

welcome; give a warm reception &c n.. to kill the fatted calf.

Adj. sociable, companionable, clubbable, conversable†, cosy, cosey†,

chatty, conversational; homiletical.

convivial; festive, festal; jovial, jolly, hospitable.

welcome, welcome as the roses in May; fêted, entertained.

free and easy, hall fellow well met, familiar, on visiting terms,

acquainted.

social, neighborly; international; gregarious.

Adv. en famille [Fr.], in the family circle; sans fa [Fr.]; arm in arm.

Phr. a crowd is not company [Bacon]; be bright and jovial among your

guests tonight [Macbeth]; his worth is warrant for his welcome [Two

Gentlemen]; let's be red with mirth [Winter's Tale]; welcome the coming

speed the parting guest [Pope].

893. Seclusion. Exclusion — N. seclusion, privacy; retirement;

reclusion, recess; snugness &c adj.; delitescence†; rustication, rus in

urbe [Lat.]; solitude; solitariness &c (singleness) 87; isolation;

loneliness &c adj.; estrangement from the world, voluntary exile;

aloofness.

cell, hermitage; convent &c 1000; sanctum sanctorum [Lat.].

depopulation, desertion, desolation; wilderness &c (unproductive)

169; howling wilderness; rotten borough, Old Sarum.

exclusion, excommunication, banishment, exile, ostracism,

proscription; cut, cut direct; dead cut.

inhospitality†, inhospitableness &c adj.; dissociability†;

domesticity, Darby and Joan.

recluse, hermit, eremite, cenobite; anchoret†, anchorite; Simon

Stylites†; troglodyte, Timon of Athens†, Santon†, solitaire, ruralist†,

disciple of Zimmermann, closet cynic, Diogenes; outcast, Pariah,

castaway, pilgarlic†; wastrel, foundling, wilding†.

V. be secluded, live secluded &c adj.; keep aloof, stand, hold oneself

aloof, keep in the background, stand in the background; keep snug; shut

oneself up; deny oneself, seclude oneself creep into a corner,

rusticate, aller planter ses choux [Fr.]; retire, retire from the

world; take the veil; abandon &c 624; sport one's oak [Slang].

cut, cut dead; refuse to associate with, refuse to acknowledge;

look cool upon, turn one's back upon, shut the door upon; repel,

blackball, excommunicate, exclude, exile, expatriate; banish, outlaw,

maroon, ostracize, proscribe, cut off from, send to Coventry, keep at

arm's length, draw a cordon round.

depopulate; dispeople†, unpeople†.

Adj. secluded, sequestered, retired, delitescent†, private, bye; out of

the world, out of the way; the world forgetting by the world forgot

[Pope].

snug, domestic, stay-at-home.

unsociable; unsocial, dissocial†; inhospitable, cynical,

inconversable†, unclubbable, sauvage [Fr.], troglodytic.

solitary; lonely, lonesome; isolated, single.

estranged; unfrequented; uninhabitable, uninhabited; tenantless;

abandoned; deserted, deserted in one's utmost need; unfriended†;

kithless†, friendless, homeless; lorn†, forlorn, desolate.

unvisited, unintroduced†, uninvited, unwelcome; under a cloud, left

to shift for oneself, derelict, outcast.

banished &c v..

Phr. noli me tangere [Lat.].

among them but not of them [Byron]; and homeless near a thousand

homes I stood [Wordsworth]; far from the madding crowd's ignoble strife

[Gray]; makes a solitude and calls it peace [Byron]; magna civitas

magna solitudo [Lat.]; never less alone than when alone [Rogers]; O

sacred solitude! divine retreat! [Young].

894. Courtesy — N. courtesy; respect &c 928; good manners, good

behavior, good breeding; manners; politeness &c adj.; bienseance,

urbanity, comity, gentility, breeding, polish, presence; civility,

civilization; amenity, suavity; good temper, good humor; amiability,

easy temper, complacency, soft tongue, mansuetude; condescension &c

(humility) 879; affability, complaisance, prévenance, amability†,

gallantry; pink of politeness, pink of courtesy.

compliment; fair words, soft words, sweet words; honeyed phrases,

ceremonial salutation, reception, presentation, introduction, accueil†,

greeting, recognition; welcome, abord†, respects, devoir, regards,

remembrances; kind regards, kind remembrances; love, best love, duty;

empty encomium, flattering remark, hollow commendation; salaams.

obeisance &c (reverence) 928; bow, courtesy, curtsy, scrape,

salaam, kotow†, kowtow, bowing and scraping; kneeling; genuflection &c

(worship) 990; obsequiousness &c 886; capping, shaking hands, &c v.;

grip of the hand, embrace, hug, squeeze, accolade, loving cup, vin

d'honneur [Fr.], pledge; love token &c (endearment) 902; kiss, buss,

salute.

mark of recognition, nod; nods and becks and wreathed smiles

[Milton]; valediction &c 293; condolence &c 915.

V. be courteous &c adj.; show courtesy &c n.. mind one's P's and Q's,

behave oneself, be all things to all men, conciliate, speak one fair,

take in good part; make the amiable, do the amiable; look as if butter

would not melt in one's mouth; mend one's manners.

receive, do the honors, usher, greet, hail, bid welcome; welcome,

welcome with open arms; shake hands; hold out the hand, press the hand,

squeeze the hand, press the flesh; bid Godspeed; speed the parting

guest; cheer, serenade.

salute; embrace &c (endearment) 902; kiss, kiss hands; drink to,

pledge, hob and nob†; move to, nod to; smile upon.

uncover, cap; touch the hat, take off the hat; doff the cap;

present arms; make way for; bow; make one's bow, make a leg; scrape,

curtsy, courtesy; bob a curtsy, bob a courtesy; kneel; bow the knee,

bend the knee.

visit, wait upon, present oneself, pay one's respects, pay a visit

&c (sociability) 892; dance attendance on &c (servility) 886; pay

attentions to; do homage to &c (respect) 928.

prostrate oneself &c (worship) 990.

give one's duty to, send one's duty to, &c n.. render polite &c

adj.; polish, civilize, humanize.

Adj. courteous, polite, civil, mannerly, urbane; well-behaved, well-

mannered, well-bred, well-brought up; good-mannered, polished,

civilized, cultivated; refined &c (taste) 850; gentlemanlike &c

(fashion) 852 [Obs.]; gallant; on one's good behavior.

fine spoken, fair spoken, soft-spoken; honey-mouthed, honey-

tongued; oily, bland; obliging, conciliatory, complaisant, complacent;

obsequious &c 886.

ingratiating, winning; gentle, mild; good-humored, cordial,

gracious, affable, familiar; neighborly.

diplomatic, tactful, politic; artful &c 702.

Adv. courteously &c adj.; with a good grace; with open arms, with

outstretched arms; a bras ouverts [Fr.]; suaviter in modo [Fr.], in

good humor.

Int. hail!, welcome!, well met!, ave!, all hail!, good day, good

morrow!, Godspeed!, pax vobiscum! [Lat.], may your shadow never be

less!,

Phr. Tien de plus estimable que la ceremonie [Fr.]; the very pink of

courtesy [Romeo and Juliet].

895. Discourtesy — N. discourtesy; ill breeding; ill manners, bad

manners, ungainly manners; insuavity†; uncourteousness†, &c adj.;

rusticity, inurbanity†; illiberality, incivility displacency†.

disrespect &c 929; procacity†, impudence: barbarism, barbarity;

misbehavior, brutality, blackguardism†, conduct unbecoming a gentleman,

grossiereté, brusquerie†; vulgarity, &c 851.

churlishness &c adj.; spinosity†, perversity; moroseness &c

(sullenness) 901.1.

sternness &c adj.; austerity; moodishness†, captiousness &c 901;

cynicism; tartness &c adj.; acrimony, acerbity, virulence, asperity.

scowl, black looks, frown; short answer, rebuff; hard words,

contumely; unparliamentary language, personality.

bear, bruin, brute, blackguard, beast; unlicked cub†; frump,

crosspatch†; saucebox &c 887 [Obs.]; crooked stick; grizzly.

V. be rude &c adj.; insult &c 929; treat with discourtesy; take a name

in vain; make bold with, make free with; take a liberty; stare out of

countenance, ogle, point at, put to the blush.

cut; turn one's back upon, turn on one's heel; give the cold

shoulder; keep at a distance, keep at arm's length; look cool upon,

look coldly upon, look black upon; show the door to, send away with a

flea in the ear.

lose one's temper &c (resentment) 900; sulk &c 901.1; frown,

scowl, glower, pout; snap, snarl, growl.

render rude &c adj.; brutalize, brutify†.

Adj. discourteous, uncourteous†; uncourtly†; ill-bred, ill-mannered,

ill-behaved, ill-conditioned; unbred; unmannerly, unmannered; impolite,

unpolite†; unpolished, uncivilized, ungenteel; ungentleman-like,

ungentlemanly; unladylike; blackguard; vulgar &c 851; dedecorous†; foul-

mouthed foul-spoken; abusive.

uncivil, ungracious, unceremonious; cool; pert, forward,

obtrusive, impudent, rude, saucy, precocious.

repulsive; uncomplaisant†, unaccommodating, unneighborly,

ungallant; inaffable†; ungentle, ungainly; rough, rugged, bluff, blunt,

gruff; churlish, boorish, bearish; brutal, brusque; stern, harsh,

austere; cavalier.

taint, sour, crabbed, sharp, short, trenchant, sarcastic, biting,

doggish, caustic, virulent, bitter, acrimonious, venomous,

contumelious; snarling &c v.; surly, surly as a bear; perverse; grim,

sullen &c 901.1; peevish &c (irascible) 901.

untactful, impolitic, undiplomatic; artless &c 703;

Adv. discourteously &c adj.; with discourtesy &c n., with a bad grace.

896. Congratulation — N. congratulation, gratulation†; felicitation;

salute &c 894; condolence &c 915; compliments of the season.

V. congratulate, gratulate†; felicitate; give one joy, wish one joy;

compliment; tender one's congratulations, offer one's congratulations;

wish many happy returns of the day, wish a merry Christmas and a happy

new year.

praise, laud (commendation) 931.

congratulate oneself &c (rejoice) 838.

Adj. congratulatory, gratulatory†.

Phr. I wish you all the joy that you can wish [Merchant of Venice];

best wishes.

897. Love — N. love; fondness &c adj.; liking; inclination &c (desire)

865; regard, dilection†, admiration, fancy.

affection, sympathy, fellow-feeling; tenderness &c adj.; heart,

brotherly love; benevolence &c 906; attachment.

yearning, eros, tender passion, amour; gyneolatry†; gallantry,

passion, flame, devotion, fervor, enthusiasm, transport of love,

rapture, enchantment, infatuation, adoration, idolatry.

Cupid, Venus; myrtle; true lover's knot; love token, love suit,

love affair, love tale, love story; the, old story, plighted love;

courtship &c 902; amourette†; free love.

maternal love, storge [Gr.], parental love; young love, puppy

love.

attractiveness; popularity; favorite &c 899.

lover, suitor, follower, admirer, adorer, wooer, amoret†, beau,

sweetheart, inamorato [It], swain, young man, flame, love, truelove;

leman†, Lothario, gallant, paramour, amoroso†, cavaliere servente [It],

captive, cicisbeo†; caro sposo [It].

inamorata, ladylove, idol, darling, duck, Dulcinea, angel,

goddess, cara sposa [It].

betrothed, affianced, fiancee.

flirt, coquette; amorette†; pair of turtledoves; abode of love,

agapemone†.

V. love, like, affect, fancy, care for, take an interest in, be partial

to, sympathize with; affection; be in love with &c adj.; have a love &c

n.. for, entertain a love &c n.. for, harbor cherish a love &c n.. for;

regard, revere; take to, bear love to, be wedded to; set one's

affections on; make much of, feast one's eyes on; hold dear, prize;

hug, cling to, cherish, pet.

burn; adore, idolize, love to distraction, aimer eperdument [Fr.];

dote on, dote upon; take a fancy to, look sweet upon; become enamored

&c adj.; fall in love with, lose one's heart; desire &c 865.

excite love; win the heart, gain the heart, win the affections,

gain the affections, secure the love, engage the affections; take the

fancy of have a place in the heart, wind round the heart; attract,

attach, endear, charm, fascinate, captivate, bewitch, seduce, enamor,

enrapture, turn the head.

get into favor; ingratiate oneself, insinuate oneself, worm

oneself; propitiate, curry favor with, pay one's court to, faire

l'aimable [Fr.], set one's cap at, flirt.

Adj. loving &c v.; fond of; taken with, struck with; smitten, bitten;

attached to, wedded to; enamored; charmed &c v.; in love; love-sick;

over head and ears in love, head over heels in love.

affectionate, tender, sweet upon, sympathetic, loving; amorous,

amatory; fond, erotic, uxorious, ardent, passionate, rapturous,

devoted, motherly.

loved &c v.. beloved well beloved, dearly beloved; dear, precious,

darling, pet, little; favorite, popular.

congenial; after one's mind, after one's taste, after one's fancy,

after one's own heart, to one's mind, to one's taste, to one's fancy,

to one's own heart.

in one's good graces &c (friendly) 888; dear as the apple of one's

eye, nearest to one's heart.

lovable, adorable; lovely, sweet; attractive, seductive, winning;

charming, engaging, interesting, enchanting, captivating, fascinating,

bewitching; amiable, like an angel.

Phr. amantes amentes [Lat.] [Terence]; credula res amor est [Lat.]

[Ovid]; militat omnis amasius [Lat.] [Ovid]; love conquers all, omnia

vincit amor [Lat.] [Vergil]; si vis amari ama [Seneca]; the sweetest

joy, the wildest woe [Bailey].

898. Hate — N. hate, hatred, vials of hate.

disaffection, disfavor; alienation, estrangement, coolness; enmity

&c 889; animosity &c 900.

umbrage, pique, grudge; dudgeon, spleen bitterness, bitterness of

feeling; ill blood, bad blood; acrimony; malice &c 907; implacability

&c (revenge) 919.

repugnance &c (dislike) 867; misanthropy, demonophobia†,

gynephobia†, negrophobia†; odium, unpopularity; detestation, antipathy;

object of hatred, object of execration; abomination, aversion, bête

noire; enemy &c 891; bitter pill; source of annoyance &c 830.

V. hate, detest, abominate, abhor, loathe; recoil at, shudder at;

shrink from, view with horror, hold in abomination, revolt against,

execrate; scowl &c 895; disrelish &c (dislike) 867.

owe a grudge; bear spleen, bear a grudge, bear malice &c

(malevolence) 907; conceive an aversion to, take a dislike to.

excite hatred, provoke hatred &c n.; be hateful &c adj.; stink in

the nostrils; estrange, alienate, repel, set against, sow dissension,

set by the ears, envenom, incense, irritate, rile; horrify &c 830;

roil.

Adj. hating &c v.; abhorrent; averse from &c (disliking) 867; set

against.

bitter &c (acrimonious) 895; implacable &c (revengeful) 919.

unloved, unbeloved, unlamented, undeplored, unmourned†, uncared

for, unendeared†, un-valued; disliked &c 867.

crossed in love, forsaken, rejected, lovelorn, jilted.

obnoxious, hateful, odious, abominable, repulsive, offensive,

shocking; disgusting &c (disagreeable) 830; reprehensible.

invidious, spiteful; malicious &c 907.

insulting, irritating, provoking.

[Mutual hate] at daggers drawn; not on speaking terms &c (enmity)

889; at loggerheads.

Phr. no love lost between.

899. Favorite — N. favorite, pet, cosset, minion, idol, jewel, spoiled

child, enfant gaté [Fr.]; led captain; crony; fondling; apple of one's

eye, man after one's own heart; persona grata.

love, [person who is a favorite (terms of address)], dear,

darling, duck, duckey, honey, sugar, jewel; mopsey†, moppet, princess;

sweetheart, sweetie &c (love) 897.

teacher's pet.

general favorite, universal favorite; idol of the people.

900. Resentment — N. resentment, displeasure, animosity, anger, wrath,

indignation; exasperation, bitter resentment, wrathful indignation.

pique, umbrage, huff, miff, soreness, dudgeon, acerbity,

virulence, bitterness, acrimony, asperity, spleen, gall; heart-burning,

heart-swelling; rankling.

ill humor, bad humor, ill temper, bad temper; irascibility &c 901;

ill blood &c (hate) 898; revenge &c 919.

excitement, irritation; warmth, bile, choler, ire, fume, pucker,

dander, ferment, ebullition; towering passion, acharnement [Fr.], angry

mood, taking, pet, tiff, passion, fit, tantrums.

burst, explosion, paroxysm, storm, rage, fury, desperation;

violence &c 173; fire and fury; vials of wrath; gnashing of teeth, hot

blood, high words.

scowl &c 895; sulks &c 901.1.

[Cause of umbrage] affront, provocation, offense; indignity &c

(insult) 929; grudge, crow to pluck, bone to pick, sore subject, casus

belli [Lat.]; ill turn, outrage.

Furies, Eumenides.

buffet, slap in the face, box on the ear, rap on the knuckles.

V. resent, take amiss, take ill, take to heart, take offense, take

umbrage, take huff, take exception; take in ill part, take in bad part,

take in dudgeon; ne pas entendre raillerie [Fr.]; breathe revenge, cut

up rough.

fly into a rage, fall into a rage, get into a rage, fly into a

passion; bridle up, bristle up, froth up, fire up, flare up; open the

vials of one's wrath, pour out the vials of one's wrath.

pout, knit the brow, frown, scowl, lower, snarl, growl, gnarl,

gnash, snap; redden, color; look black, look black as thunder, look

daggers; bite one's thumb; show one's teeth, grind one's teeth; champ

the bit, champ at the bit.

chafe, mantle, fume, kindle, fly out, take fire; boil, boil over;

boil with indignation, boil with rage; rage, storm, foam, vent one's

rage, vent one's spleen; lose one's temper, stand on one's hind legs,

stamp the foot, stamp with rage, quiver with rage, swell with rage,

foam with rage; burst with anger; raise Cain.

have a fling at; bear malice &c (revenge) 919.

cause anger, raise anger; affront, offend; give offense, give

umbrage; anger; hurt the feelings; insult, discompose, fret, ruffle,

nettle, huff, pique; excite &c 824; irritate, stir the blood, stir up

bile; sting, sting to the quick; rile, provoke, chafe, wound, incense,

inflame, enrage, aggravate, add fuel to the flame, fan into a flame,

widen the breach, envenom, embitter, exasperate, infuriate, kindle

wrath; stick in one's gizzard; rankle &c 919; hit on the raw, rub on

the raw, sting on the raw, strike on the raw.

put out of countenance, put out of humor; put one's monkey up, put

one's back up; raise one's gorge, raise one's dander, raise one's

choler; work up into a passion; make one's blood boil, make the ears

tingle; throw, into a ferment, madden, drive one mad; lash into fury,

lash into madness; fool to the top of one's bent; set by the ears.

bring a hornet's nest about one's ears.

Adj. angry, wrath, irate; ireful, wrathful; cross &c (irascible) 901;

Achillean†; sulky, &c 901.1; bitter, virulent; acrimonious &c

(discourteous) &c 895; violent &c 173.

warm, burning; boiling, boiling over; fuming, raging; foaming,

foaming at the mouth; convulsed with rage.

offended &c v.; waxy, acharne; wrought, worked up; indignant,

hurt, sore; set against.

fierce, wild, rageful†, furious, mad with rage, fiery, infuriate,

rabid, savage; relentless &c 919.

flushed with anger, flushed with rage; in a huff, in a stew, in a

fume, in a pucker, in a passion, in a rage, in a fury, in a taking, in

a way; on one's high ropes, up in arms; in high dudgeon.

Adv. angrily &c adj.; in the height of passion; in the heat of passion,

in the heat of the moment.

Int. tantaene animis coelestibus irae! [Lat.], [Vergil], marry come

up!, zounds!, 'sdeath! [Contr.].

Phr. one's blood being up, one's back being up, one's monkey being up;

fervens difficili bile jecur [Lat.]; the gorge rising, eyes flashing

fire; the blood rising, the blood boiling; haeret lateri lethalis

arundo [Lat.] [Vergil]; beware the fury of a patient man [Dryden];

furor arma ministrat [Lat.] [Vergil]; ira furor brevis est [Lat.]

[Horace]; quem Jupiter vult perdere dementat prius [Lat.]; What, drunk

with choler? [Henry IV].

901. Irascibility — N. irascibility, irascibleness, temper; crossness

&c adj.; susceptibility, procacity, petulance, irritability, tartness,

acerbity, protervity; pugnacity &c (contentiousness) 720.

excitability &c 825; bad temper, fiery temper, crooked temper,

irritable &c adj.. temper; genus irritabile [Lat.], hot blood.

ill humor &c (sullenness) 901.1; asperity &c; churlishness &c

(discourtesy) 895.

huff &c (resentment) 900; a word and a blow.

Sir Fretful Plagiary; brabbler†, Tartar; shrew, vixen, virago,

termagant, dragon, scold, Xantippe; porcupine; spitfire; fire eater &c

(blusterer) 887; fury &c (violent person) 173.

V. be irascible &c adj.; have a temper &c n., have a devil in one; fire

up &c (be angry) 900.

Adj. irascible; bad-tempered, ill-tempered; irritable, susceptible;

excitable &c 825; thin-skinned &c (sensitive) 822; fretful, fidgety; on

the fret.

hasty, overhasty, quick, warm, hot, testy, touchy, techy†, tetchy;

like touchwood, like tinder; huffy, pettish, petulant; waspish,

snappish, peppery, fiery, passionate, choleric, shrewish, sudden and

quick in quarrel [As You Like It].

querulous, captious, moodish†; quarrelsome, contentious,

disputatious; pugnacious &c (bellicose) 720; cantankerous, exceptious†;

restiff &c (perverse) 901.1 [Obs.]; churlish &c (discourteous) 895.

cross, cross as crabs, cross as two sticks, cross as a cat, cross

as a dog, cross as the tongs; fractious, peevish, acariâtre†.

in a bad temper; sulky &c 901.1; angry &c 900.

resentful, resentive†; vindictive &c 919.

Int. pish!,

Phr. a vieux comptes nouvelles disputes [Fr.]; quamvis tegatur proditur

vultu furor [Lat.] [Seneca]; vino tortus et ira [Lat.] [Horace].

901a. Sullenness — N. sullenness &c adj.; morosity†, spleen;

churlishness &c (discourtesy) 895; irascibility &c 901.

moodiness &c adj.; perversity; obstinacy &c 606; torvity†,

spinosity†; crabbedness &c adj.. ill temper, bad temper, ill humor, bad

humor; sulks, dudgeon, mumps†, dumps, doldrums, fit of the sulks,

bouderie [Fr.], black looks, scowl; grouch; huff &c (resentment) 900.

V. be sullen &c adj.; sulk; frown, scowl, lower, glower, gloam†, pout,

have a hangdog look, glout†.

Adj. sullen, sulky; ill-tempered, ill-humored, ill-affected, ill-

disposed; grouty [U.S.]; in an ill temper, in a bad temper, in a

shocking temper, in an ill humor, in a bad humor, in a shocking humor;

out of temper, out of humor; knaggy†, torvous†, crusty, crabbed; sour,

sour as a crab; surly &c (discourteous) 895.

moody; spleenish†, spleenly†; splenetic, cankered.

cross, crossgrained†; perverse, wayward, humorsome†; restiff†,

restive; cantankerous, intractable, exceptious†, sinistrous†, deaf to

reason, unaccommodating, rusty, froward; cussed [U.S.].

dogged &c (stubborn) 606.

grumpy, glum, grim, grum†, morose, frumpish; in the sulks &c n.;

out of sorts; scowling, glowering, growling; grouchy.

peevish &c (irascible) 901.

902. [Expression of affection or love.] Endearment — N. endearment,

caress; blandishment, blandiment†; panchement, fondling, billing and

cooing, dalliance, necking, petting, sporting, sparking, hanky-panky;

caressing.

embrace, salute, kiss, buss, smack, osculation, deosculation†;

amorous glances.

courtship, wooing, suit, addresses, the soft impeachment;

lovemaking; serenading; caterwauling.

flirting &c v.; flirtation, gallantry; coquetry.

true lover's knot, plighted love; love tale, love token, love

letter; billet-doux, valentine.

honeymoon; Strephon and Chloe†.

V. caress, fondle, pet, dandle; pat, pat on the head, pat on the cheek;

chuck under the chin, smile upon, coax, wheedle, cosset, coddle,

cocker, cockle; make of, make much of; cherish, foster, kill with

kindness.

clasp, hug, cuddle; fold in one's arms, strain in one's arms;

nestle, nuzzle; embrace, kiss, buss, smack, blow a kiss; salute &c

(courtesy) 894; fold to the heart, press to the bosom.

bill and coo, spoon, toy, dally, flirt, coquet; gallivant,

galavant; philander; make love; pay one's court to, pay one's addresses

to, pay one's attentions to; serenade; court, woo; set one's cap at; be

sweet upon, look sweet upon; ogle, cast sheep's eyes upon; faire les

yeux doux [Fr.].

fall in love with, win the affections &c (love) 897; die for.

propose; make an offer, have an offer; pop the question; plight

one's troth, plight one's faith.

Adj. caressing &c v.; sighing like furnace [Shakespeare]; love-sick,

spoony.

caressed &c v..

Phr. faint heart neer won fair lady; kisses honeyed by oblivion [G.

Eliot].

903. Marriage — N. marriage, matrimony, wedlock, union, intermarriage,

miscegenation, the bonds of marriage, vinculum matrimonii [Lat.],

nuptial tie.

married state, coverture, bed, cohabitation.

match; betrothment &c (promise) 768; wedding, nuptials, Hymen,

bridal; espousals, spousals; leading to the altar &c v.; nuptial

benediction, epithalamium†; sealing.

torch of Hymen, temple of Hymen; hymeneal altar; honeymoon.

bridesmaid, bridesman†, best man; bride, bridegroom.

married man, married woman, married couple; neogamist†, Benedict,

partner, spouse, mate, yokemate†; husband, man, consort, baron; old man,

good man; wife of one's bosom; helpmate, rib, better half, gray mare,

old woman, old lady, good wife, goodwife.

feme [Fr.], feme coverte [Fr.]; squaw, lady; matron, matronage,

matronhood†; man and wife; wedded pair, Darby and Joan; spiritual wife.

monogamy, bigamy, digamy†, deuterogamy†, trigamy†, polygamy;

mormonism; levirate†; spiritual wifery†, spiritual wifeism†;

polyandrism†; Turk, bluebeard†.

unlawful marriage, left-handed marriage, morganatic marriage, ill-

assorted marriage; mesalliance; mariage de convenance [Fr.].

marriage broker; matrimonial agency, matrimonial agent,

matrimonial bureau, matchmaker; schatchen [G.].

V. marry, wive, take to oneself a wife; be married, be spliced; go off,

pair off; wed, espouse, get hitched [U.S.], lead to the hymeneal altar,

take 'for better for worse', give one's hand to, bestow one's hand

upon.

marry, join, handfast†; couple &c (unit) 43; tie the nuptial knot;

give away, give away in marriage; seal; ally, affiance; betroth &c

(promise) 768; publish the banns, bid the banns; be asked in church.

Adj. married &c v.; one, one bone and one flesh.

marriageable, nubile.

engaged, betrothed, affianced.

matrimonial, marital, conjugal, connubial, wedded; nuptial,

hymeneal, spousal, bridal.

Phr. the gray mare the better horse; a world-without-end bargain

[Love's Labor's Lost]; marriages are made in Heaven [Tennyson]; render

me worthy of this noble wife [Julius Caesar]; si qua voles apte nubere

nube pari [Lat.] [Ovid].

904. Celibacy — N. celibacy, singleness, single blessedness;

bachelorhood, bachelorship†; misogamy†, misogyny.

virginity, pucelage†; maidenhood, maidenhead.

unmarried man, bachelor, Coelebs, agamist†, old bachelor;

misogamist†, misogynist; monogamist; monk.

unmarried woman, spinster; maid, maiden, virgin, feme sole [Fr.],

old maid; bachelor girl, girl-bachelor; nun.

V. live single, live alone.

Adj. unmarried, unwed, unwedded†; wifeless, spouseless†; single.

905. Divorce — N. divorce, divorcement; separation; judicial

separation, separate maintenance; separatio a mensa et thoro [Lat.],

separatio a vinculo matrimonii [Lat.].

trial separation, breakup; annulment.

widowhood, viduity†, weeds.

widow, widower; relict; dowager; divorcee; cuckold; grass widow,

grass widower; merry widow.

V. live separate; separate, divorce, disespouse†, put away; wear the

horns.

2. DIFFUSIVE SYMPATHETIC AFFECTIONS

906. Benevolence — N. benevolence, Christian charity; God's love,

God's grace; good will; philanthropy &c 910; unselfishness &c 942.

good nature, good feeling, good wishes; kindness, kindliness &c

adj.; loving-kindness, benignity, brotherly love, charity, humanity,

fellow-feeling, sympathy; goodness of heart, warmth of heart; bonhomie;

kind-heartedness; amiability, milk of human kindness, tenderness; love

&c 897; friendship &c 888.

toleration, consideration, generosity; mercy &c (pity) 914.

charitableness &c adj.; bounty, almsgiving; good works,

beneficence, the luxury of doing good [Goldsmith].

acts of kindness, a good turn; good offices, kind offices good

treatment, kind treatment.

good Samaritan, sympathizer, bon enfant [Fr.]; altruist.

V. be benevolent &c adj.; have one's heart in the right place, bear

good will; wish well, wish Godspeed; view with an eye of favor, regard

with an eye of favor; take in good part; take an interest in, feel an

interest in; be interested in, feel interested in; sympathize with,

empathize with, feel for; fraternize &c (be friendly) 888.

enter into the feelings of others, do as you would be done by,

meet halfway.

treat well; give comfort, smooth the bed of death; do good, do a

good turn; benefit &c (goodness) 648; render a service, be of use; aid

&c 707.

Adj. benevolent; kind, kindly; well-meaning; amiable; obliging,

accommodating, indulgent, gracious, complacent, good-humored.

warm-hearted, kind-hearted, tender-hearted, large-hearted, broad-

hearted; merciful &c 914; charitable, beneficent, humane, benignant;

bounteous, bountiful.

good-natured, well-natured; spleenless†; sympathizing, sympathetic;

complaisant &c (courteous) 894; well-meant, well-intentioned.

fatherly, motherly, brotherly, sisterly; paternal, maternal,

fraternal; sororal†; friendly &c 888.

Adv. with a good intention, with the best intentions.

Int. Godspeed!, much good may it do!,

Phr. act a charity sometimes [Lamb]; a tender heart, a will inflexible

[Longfellow]; de mortuis nil nisi bonum [Lat.], say only good things

about the dead, don't speak ill of the dead; kind words are more than

coronets [Tennyson]; quando amigo pide no hay manana [Lat.]; the social

smile, the sympathetic tear [Gray].

907. Malevolence — N. malevolence; bad intent, bad intention;

unkindness, diskindness†; ill nature, ill will, ill blood; bad blood;

enmity &c 889; hate &c 898; malignity; malice, malice prepense†;

maliciousness &c adj.; spite, despite; resentment &c 900.

uncharitableness &c adj.; incompassionateness &c 914.1 [Obs.];

gall, venom, rancor, rankling, virulence, mordacity†, acerbity

churlishness &c (discourtesy) 895.

hardness of heart, heart of stone, obduracy; cruelty; cruelness &c

adj.; brutality, savagery; ferity†, ferocity; barbarity, inhumanity,

immanity†, truculence, ruffianism; evil eye, cloven foot; torture,

vivisection.

ill turn, bad turn; affront &c (disrespect) 929; outrage,

atrocity; ill usage; intolerance, persecution; tender mercies [Iron.];

unkindest cut of all [Julius Caesar].

V. be malevolent &c adj.; bear spleen, harbor spleen, bear a grudge,

harbor a grudge, bear malice; betray the cloven foot, show the cloven

foot.

hurt &c (physical pain) 378; annoy &c 830; injure., harm, wrong;

do harm to, do an ill office to; outrage; disoblige, malign, plant a

thorn in the breast.

molest, worry, harass, haunt, harry, bait, tease; throw stones at;

play the devil with; hunt down, dragoon, hound; persecute, oppress,

grind; maltreat; illtreat, ill-use.

wreak one's malice on, do one's worst, break a butterfly on the

wheel; dip one's hands in blood, imbrue one's hands in blood; have no

mercy &c 914.1.

Adj. malevolent, unbenevolent; unbenign; ill-disposed, ill-intentioned,

ill-natured, ill-conditioned, ill-contrived; evil-minded, evil-

disposed; black-browed†.

malicious; malign, malignant; rancorous; despiteful, spiteful;

mordacious, caustic, bitter, envenomed, acrimonious, virulent;

unamiable, uncharitable; maleficent, venomous, grinding, galling.

harsh, disobliging; unkind, unfriendly, ungracious; inofficious†;

invidious; uncandid; churlish &c (discourteous) 895; surly, sullen &c

901.1.

cold, cold-blooded, cold-hearted; black-hearted, hard-hearted,

flint-hearted, marble-hearted, stony-hearted; hard of heart, unnatural;

ruthless &c (unmerciful) 914.1; relentless &c (revengeful) 919.

cruel; brutal, brutish; savage, savage as a bear, savage as a

tiger; ferine†, ferocious; inhuman; barbarous, barbaric, semibarbaric,

fell, untamed, tameless, truculent, incendiary; bloodthirsty &c

(murderous) 361; atrocious; bloodyminded†.

fiendish, fiendlike†; demoniacal; diabolic, diabolical; devilish,

infernal, hellish, Satanic; Tartaran.

Adv. malevolently &c adj.; with bad intent &c n..

Phr. cruel as death; hard unkindness' alter'd eye [Gray]; homo homini

lupus [Lat.] [Plautus]; mala mens [Lat.], malus animus [Lat.]

[Terence]; rich gifts wax poor when givers prove unkind [Hamlet];

sharp-tooth'd unkindness [Lear].

908. Malediction — N. malediction, malison†, curse, imprecation,

denunciation, execration, anathema, ban, proscription, excommunication,

commination†, thunders of the Vatican, fulmination, maranatha†;

aspersion, disparagement, vilification, vituperation.

abuse; foul language, bad language, strong language,

unparliamentary language; billingsgate, sauce, evil speaking; cursing

&c v.; profane swearing, oath; foul invective, ribaldry, rude reproach,

scurrility.

threat &c 909; more bark than bite; invective &c (disapprobation)

932.

V. curse, accurse†, imprecate, damn, swear at; curse with bell book and

candle; invoke curses on the head of, call down curses on the head of;

devote to destruction.

execrate, beshrew†, scold; anathematize &c (censure) 932; bold up

to execration, denounce, proscribe, excommunicate, fulminate, thunder

against; threaten &c 909.

curse and swear; swear, swear like a trooper; fall a cursing, rap

out an oath, damn.

Adj. cursing, cursed &c v..

Int. woe to!, beshrew!†, ruat coelum! [Lat.], ill betide, woe betide;

confusion seize!, damn!, damn it!, damn you!, damn you to hell!, go to

hell!, go to blazes!, confound!, blast!, curse!, devil take!, hang!,

out with!, a plague upon!, out upon!, aroynt!†, honi soit! [Fr.],

parbleu! [Fr.],

Phr. delenda est Carthago [Lat.].

909. Threat — N. threat, menace; defiance &c 715; abuse, minacity†,

intimidation; denunciation; fulmination; commination &c (curse) 908

[Obs.]; gathering clouds &c (warning) 668.

V. threat, threaten; menace; snarl, growl, gnarl, mutter, bark, bully.

defy &c 715; intimidate &c 860; keep in terrorem [Lat.], hold up

in terrorem [Lat.], hold out in terrorem [Lat.]; shake the fist at,

double the fist at, clinch the fist at; thunder, talk big, fulminate,

use big words, bluster, look daggers, stare daggers.

Adj. threatening, menacing; minatory, minacious†; comminatory†, abusive;

in terrorem [Lat.]; ominous &c (predicting) 511; defiant &c 715; under

the ban.

Int. vae victis! [Lat.], at your peril!, do your worst!,

910. Philanthropy — N. philanthropy, humanity, humanitarianism

universal benevolence; endaemonism†, deliciae humani generis [Lat.];

cosmopolitanism utilitarianism, the greatest happiness of the greatest

number, social science, sociology common weal; socialism, communism,

Fourierism†, phalansterianism†, Saint Simonianism†.

patriotism, civism†, nationality, love of country, amor patriae

[Lat.], public spirit.

chivalry, knight errantry†; generosity &c 942.

philanthropist, endaemonist†, utilitarian, Benthamite, socialist,

communist, cosmopolite, citizen of the world, amicus humani generis

[Lat.]; knight errant; patriot.

Adj. philanthropic, humanitarian, utilitarian, cosmopolitan; public-

spirited, patriotic; humane, large-hearted &c (benevolent) 906;

chivalric; generous &c 942.

Adv. pro bono publico [Lat.], pro aris et focis [Cicero].

Phr. humani nihil a me alienum puto [Lat.] [Terence]; omne solum forti

patria [Lat.] [Ovid]; un bien fait n'est jamais perdu [Fr.].

911. Misanthropy — N. misanthropy, incivism; egotism &c (selfishness)

943; moroseness &c 901.1; cynicism.

misanthrope, misanthropist, egotist, cynic, man hater, Timon,

Diogenes.

woman hater, misogynist.

Adj. misanthropic, antisocial, unpatriotic; egotistical &c (selfish)

943; morose &c 901.1.

912. Benefactor — N. benefactor, savior, good genius, tutelary saint,

guardian angel, good Samaritan; pater patriae [Lat.]; salt of the earth

&c (good man);; 948; auxiliary &c 711.

913. [Maleficent being] Evil doer — N. evil doer, evil worker;

wrongdoer &c 949; mischief-maker, marplot; oppressor, tyrant;

destroyer, Vandal; iconoclast†.

firebrand, incendiary, fire bug [U.S.], pyromaniac; anarchist,

communist†, terrorist.

savage, brute, ruffian, barbarian, semibarbarian†, caitiff,

desperado; Apache†, hoodlum, hood, plug-ugly [U.S.], Red Skin, tough

[U.S.]; Mohawk, Mo-hock, Mo-hawk; bludgeon man, bully, rough, hooligan,

larrikin†, dangerous classes, ugly customer; thief &c 792.

cockatrice, scorpion, hornet.

snake, viper, adder, snake in the grass; serpent, cobra, asp,

rattlesnake, anaconda†.

canker-worm, wire-worm; locust, Colorado beetle; alacran†,

alligator, caymon†, crocodile, mosquito, mugger, octopus; torpedo; bane

&c 663.

cutthroat &c (killer) 461.

cannibal; anthropophagus†, anthropophagist†; bloodsucker, vampire,

ogre, ghoul, gorilla, vulture; gyrfalcon†, gerfalcon†.

wild beast, tiger, hyena, butcher, hangman; blood-hound, hell-

hound, sleuth-hound; catamount [U.S.], cougar, jaguar, puma.

hag, hellhag†, beldam, Jezebel.

monster; fiend &c (demon) 980; devil incarnate, demon in human

shape; Frankenstein's monster.

harpy, siren; Furies, Eumenides.

Hun, Attila†, scourge of the human race.

Phr. faenum habet in cornu [Lat.].

3. SPECIAL SYMPATHETIC AFFECTIONS

914. Pity — N. pity, compassion, commiseration; bowels, of compassion;

sympathy, fellow-feeling, tenderness, yearning, forbearance, humanity,

mercy, clemency; leniency &c (lenity) 740; charity, ruth, long-

suffering.

melting mood; argumentum ad misericordiam [Lat.], quarter, grace,

locus paenitentiae [Lat.].

sympathizer; advocate, friend, partisan, patron, wellwisher.

V. pity; have pity, show pity, take pity &c n.; commiserate,

compassionate; condole &c 915; sympathize; feel for, be sorry for,

yearn for; weep, melt, thaw, enter into the feelings of.

forbear, relent, relax, give quarter, wipe the tears, parcere

subjectis [Lat.], give a coup de grâce, put out of one's misery.

raise pity, excite pity &c n.; touch, soften; melt, melt the

heart; propitiate, disarm.

ask for mercy &c v.; supplicate &c (request) 765; cry for quarter,

beg one's life, kneel; deprecate.

Adj. pitying &c v.; pitiful, compassionate, sympathetic, touched.

merciful, clement, ruthful; humane; humanitarian &c

(philanthropic) 910; tender, tender hearted, tender as a chicken; soft,

soft hearted; unhardened†; lenient &c 740; exorable†, forbearing;

melting &c v.; weak.

Int. for pity's sake!, mercy!, have mercy!, cry you mercy!, God help

you!, poor thing!, poor dear!, poor fellow!, woe betide!, quis talia

fando temperet a lachrymiss! [Lat.] [Vergil].

Phr. one's heart bleeding for; haud ignara mali miseris succurrere

disco [Lat.] [Vergil]; a fellow feeling makes one wondrous kind; onor

di bocca assai giova e poco costa [It] [Garrick].

914a. Pitilessness — N. pitilessness &c adj.; inclemency; severity &c

739; malevolence &c 907.

V. have no mercy, shut the gates of mercy &c 914; give no quarter.

Adj. pitiless, merciless, ruthless, bowelless; unpitying, unmerciful,

inclement; grim-faced, grim-visaged; incompassionate†, uncompassionate;

inexorable; harsh &c 739; unrelenting &c 919.

915. Condolence — N. condolence; lamentation &c 839; sympathy,

consolation.

V. condole with, console, sympathize express pity, testify pity; afford

consolation, supply consolation; lament with &c 839; express sympathy

for; feel grief in common with, feel sorrow in common with; share one's

sorrow.

4. RETROSPECTIVE SYMPATHETIC AFFECTIONS

916. Gratitude — N. gratitude, thankfulness, feeling of obligation,

sense of obligation.

acknowledgment, recognition, thanksgiving, thanksgiving, giving

thanks; thankful good will.

thanks, praise, benediction; paean; Te Deum &c (worship) 990

[Lat.]; grace, grace before meat, grace after meat, grace before meals,

grace after meals; thank offering.

requital.

V. be grateful &c adj.; thank; give thanks, render thanks, return

thanks, offer thanks, tender thanks &c n.; acknowledge, requite.

feel under an obligation, be under an obligation, lie under an

obligation; savoir gré [Fr.]; not look a gift horse in the mouth;

never forget, overflow with gratitude; thank one's stars, thank one's

lucky stars, bless one's stars; fall on one's knees.

Adj. grateful, thankful, obliged, beholden, indebted to, under

obligation.

Int. thanks!, many thanks!, gramercy!†, much obliged!, thank you!, thank

you very much!, thanks a lot!, thanks a heap, thanks loads [Coll.];

thank Heaven!, Heaven be praised!, Gott sei Dank! [G.].

917. Ingratitude — N. ingratitude, thanklessness, oblivion of

benefits, unthankfulness†.

benefits forgot; thankless task, thankless office.

V. be ungrateful &c adj.; forget benefits; look a gift horse in the

mouth.

Adj. ungrateful, unmindful, unthankful; thankless, ingrate, wanting in

gratitude, insensible of benefits.

forgotten; unacknowledged, unthanked†, unrequited, unrewarded; ill-

requited.

Int. thank you for nothing!, thanks for nothing!, et tu Brute! [Julius

Caesar].

Phr. ingratitude! thou marble-hearted fiend [Lear].