propugnation†, preservation &c 670; guardianship.
area defense; site defense.
self-defense, self-preservation; resistance &c 719.
safeguard &c (safety) 664; balistraria†; bunker, screen &c
(shelter) 666; camouflage &c (concealment) 530; fortification;
munition, muniment†; trench, foxhole; bulwark, fosse†, moat, ditch,
entrenchment, intrenchment†; kila†; dike, dyke; parapet, sunk fence,
embankment, mound, mole, bank, sandbag, revetment; earth work, field-
work; fence, wall dead wall, contravallation†; paling &c (inclosure)
232; palisade, haha, stockade, stoccado†, laager†, sangar†; barrier,
barricade; boom; portcullis, chevaux de frise [Fr.]; abatis, abattis†,
abbatis†; vallum†, circumvallation†, battlement, rampart, scarp; escarp†,
counter-scarp; glacis, casemate†; vallation†, vanfos†.
buttress, abutment; shore &c (support) 215.
breastwork, banquette, curtain, mantlet†, bastion, redan†, ravelin†;
vauntmure†; advance work, horn work, outwork; barbacan†, barbican;
redoubt; fort-elage [Fr.], fort-alice; lines.
loophole, machicolation†; sally port.
hold, stronghold, fastness; asylum &c (refuge) 666; keep, donjon,
dungeon, fortress, citadel, capitol, castle; tower of strength, tower
of strength; fort, barracoon†, pah†, sconce, martello tower†, peelhouse†,
blockhouse, rath†; wooden walls.
[body armor] bulletproof vest, armored vest, buffer, corner stone,
fender, apron, mask, gauntlet, thimble, carapace, armor, shield,
buckler, aegis, breastplate, backplate†, cowcatcher, face guard,
scutum†, cuirass, habergeon†, mail, coat of mail, brigandine†, hauberk,
lorication†, helmet, helm, bassinet, salade†, heaume†, morion†, murrion†,
armet†, cabaset†, vizor†, casquetel†, siege cap, headpiece, casque,
pickelhaube, vambrace†, shako &c (dress) 225.
bearskin; panoply; truncheon &c (weapon) 727.
garrison, picket, piquet; defender, protector; guardian &c
(safety) 664; bodyguard, champion; knight-errant, Paladin; propugner†.
bulletproof window.
hardened site.
V. defend, forfend, fend; shield, screen, shroud; engarrison†; fend
round &c (circumscribe) 229; fence, entrench, intrench†; guard &c (keep
safe) 664; guard against; take care of &c (vigilance) 459; bear
harmless; fend off, keep off, ward off, beat off, beat back; hinder &c
706.
parry, repel, propugn†, put to flight; give a warm reception to
[Iron.]; hold at bay, keep at bay, keep arm's length.
stand on the defensive, act on the defensive; show fight; maintain
one's ground, stand one's ground; stand by; hold one's own; bear the
brunt, stand the brunt; fall back upon, hold, stand in the gap.
Adj. defending &c v.; defensive; mural†; armed, armed at all points,
armed cap-a-pie, armed to the teeth; panoplied†; iron-plated, ironclad;
loopholed, castellated, machicolated†, casemated†; defended &c v.; proof
against.
armored, ballproof†, bulletproof; hardened.
Adv. defensively; on the defense, on the defensive; in defense; at bay,
pro aris et focis [Lat.].
Int. no surrender!,
Phr. defense not defiance; Dieu defend le droit [Fr.]; fidei defensor
[Lat.], defender of the faith.
718. Retaliation — N. retaliation, reprisal, retort, payback; counter-
stroke, counter-blast, counterplot, counter-project; retribution, lex
talionis [Lat.]; reciprocation &c (reciprocity) 12.
tit for tat, give and take, blow for blow, quid pro quo, a Roland
for an Oliver, measure for measure, diamond cut diamond, the biter bit,
a game at which two can play; reproof valiant, retort courteous.
recrimination &c (accusation) 938; revenge &c 919; compensation &c
30; reaction &c (recoil) 277.
V. retaliate, retort, turn upon; pay, pay off, pay back; pay in one's
own coin, pay in the same coin; cap; reciprocate &c 148; turn the
tables upon, return the compliment; give a quid pro quo &c n., give as
much as one takes, give as good as one gets; give and take, exchange
fisticuffs; be quits, be even with; pay off old scores.
serve one right, be hoist on one's own petard, throw a stone in
one's own garden, catch a Tartar.
Adj. retaliating &c v.; retaliatory, retaliative; talionic†.
Adv. in retaliation; en revanche.
Phr. mutato nomine de te fabula narratur [Lat.] [Horace]; par pari
refero [Lat.] [Terence]; tu quoque [Lat.], you too; you're another; suo
sibi gladio hunc jugulo [Lat.]; a beau jeu beau retour [Fr.]; litem
[Lat.].
lite resolvit [Lat.] [Horace].
719. Resistance — N. resistance, stand, front, oppugnation†;
oppugnancy†; opposition &c 708; renitence†, renitency; reluctation†,
recalcitration†; kicking &c v.. repulse, rebuff.
insurrection &c (disobedience) 742; strike; turn out, lock out,
barring out; levee en masse [Fr.], Jacquerie; riot &c (disorder) 59.
V. resist; not submit &c 725; repugn†, reluct, reluctate†, withstand;
stand up against, strive against, bear up under, bear up against, be
proof against, make head against; stand, stand firm, stand one's
ground, stand the brunt of, stand out; hold one's grounds, hold one's
own, hold out, hold firm.
breast the wave, breast the current; stem the tide, stem the
torrent; face, confront, grapple with; show a bold front &c (courage)
861; present a front; make a stand, take one's stand.
kick, kick against; recalcitrate†, kick against the pricks; oppose
&c 708; fly in the face of; lift the hand against &c (attack) 716; rise
up in arms &c (war) 722; strike, turn out; draw up a round robin &c
(remonstrate) 932; revolt &c (disobey) 742; make a riot.
prendre le mors aux dents [Fr.], take the bit between the teeth;
sell one's life dearly, die hard, keep at bay; repel, repulse.
Adj. resisting &c v.; resistive, resistant; refractory &c (disobedient)
742; recalcitrant, renitent; up in arms.
repulsive, repellant.
proof against; unconquerable &c (strong) 159; stubborn,
unconquered; indomitable &c (persevering) 604.1; unyielding &c
(obstinate) 606.
Int. hands off!, keep off!,
720. Contention — N. contention, strife; contest, contestation†;
struggle; belligerency; opposition &c 708.
controversy, polemics; debate &c (discussion) 476; war of words,
logomachy†, litigation; paper war; high words &c (quarrel) 713; sparring
&c v.. competition, rivalry; corrivalry†, corrivalship†, agonism†,
concours†, match, race, horse racing, heat, steeple chase, handicap;
regatta; field day; sham fight, Derby day; turf, sporting, bullfight,
tauromachy†, gymkhana†; boat race, torpids†.
wrestling, greco-roman wrestling; pugilism, boxing, fisticuffs,
the manly art of self-defense; spar, mill, set-to, round, bout, event,
prize fighting; quarterstaff, single stick; gladiatorship†, gymnastics;
jiujitsu, jujutsu, kooshti†, sumo; athletics, athletic sports; games of
skill &c 840.
shindy†; fracas &c (discord) 713; clash of arms; tussle, scuffle,
broil, fray; affray, affrayment†; velitation†; colluctation†, luctation†;
brabble†, brigue†, scramble, melee, scrimmage, stramash†, bushfighting†.
free fight, stand up fight, hand to hand, running fight.
conflict, skirmish; rencounter†, encounter; rencontre†, collision,
affair, brush, fight; battle, battle royal; combat, action, engagement,
joust, tournament; tilt, tilting [Mediev.]; tournay†, list; pitched
battle.
death struggle, struggle for life or death, life or death
struggle, Armageddon†.
hard knocks, sharp contest, tug of war.
naval engagement, naumachia†, sea fight.
duel, duello [It]; single combat, monomachy†, satisfaction, passage
d'armes [Fr.], passage of arms, affair of honor; triangular duel;
hostile meeting, digladiation†; deeds of arms, feats of arms; appeal to
arms &c (warfare) 722.
pugnacity; combativeness &c adj.; bone of contention &c 713.
V. contend; contest, strive, struggle, scramble, wrestle; spar, square;
exchange blows, exchange fisticuffs; fib†, justle†, tussle, tilt, box,
stave, fence; skirmish; pickeer†; fight &c (war) 722; wrangle &c
(quarrel) 713.
contend with &c, grapple with, engage with, close with, buckle
with, bandy with, try conclusions with, have a brush &c n.. with, tilt
with; encounter, fall foul of, pitch into, clapperclaw†, run a tilt at;
oppose &c 708; reluct.
join issue, come to blows, go to loggerheads, set to, come to the
scratch, exchange shots, measure swords, meet hand to hand; take up the
cudgels, take up the glove, take up the gauntlet; enter the lists;
couch one's lance; give satisfaction; appeal to arms; &c (warfare) 722.
lay about one; break the peace.
compete with, cope with, vie with, race with; outvie†, emulate,
rival; run a race; contend for &c, stipulate for, stickle for; insist
upon, make a point of.
Adj. contending &c v.; together by the ears, at loggerheads.
at war.
at issue.
competitive, rival; belligerent; contentious, combative,
bellicose, unpeaceful†; warlike &c 722; quarrelsome &c 901; pugnacious;
pugilistic, gladiatorial; palestric†, palestrical†.
Phr. a verbis ad verbera [Lat.]; a word and a blow; a very pretty
quarrel as it stands [Sheridan]; commune periculum concordiam parit
[Lat.]; lis litem generat [Lat.].
721. Peace — N. peace; amity &c (friendship) 888; harmony &c (concord)
714; tranquility, calm &c (quiescence) 265; truce, peace treaty, accord
&c (pacification) 723; peace pipe, pipe of peace, calumet of peace.
piping time of peace, quiet life; neutrality.
[symbol of peace] dove of peace, white dove.
[person who favors peace] dove.
pax Romana [Lat.]; Pax Americana [Lat.].
V. be at peace; keep the peace &c (concord) 714.
make peace &c 723.
Adj. pacific; peaceable, peaceful; calm, tranquil, untroubled, halcyon;
bloodless; neutral.
dovish
Phr. the storm blown over; the lion lies down with the lamb; all quiet
on the Potomac; paritur pax bello [Lat.] [Nepos]; peace hath her
victories no less renowned than war [Milton]; they make a desert and
they call it peace.
722. Warfare — N. warfare; fighting &c v.; hostilities; war, arms, the
sword; Mars, Bellona, grim visaged war, horrida bella [Lat.];
bloodshed.
appeal to arms, appeal to the sword; ordeal of battle; wager of
battle; ultima ratio regum [Lat.], arbitrament of the sword.
battle array, campaign, crusade, expedition, operations;
mobilization; state of siege; battlefield, theater of operations &c
(arena) 728; warpath.
art of war, tactics, strategy, castrametation†; generalship;
soldiership; logistics; military evolutions, ballistics, gunnery;
chivalry.
gunpowder, shot.
battle, tug of war &c (contention) 720; service, campaigning,
active service, tented field; kriegspiel [G.], Kriegsspiel [G.]; fire
cross, trumpet, clarion, bugle, pibroch†, slogan; war-cry, war-whoop;
battle cry, beat of drum, rappel, tom-tom; calumet of war; word of
command; password, watchword; passage d-armes [Fr.].
war to the death, war to the knife; guerre a mort [Fr.], guerre a
outrance [Fr.]; open war, internecine war, civil war.
V. arm; raise troops, mobilize troops; raise up in arms; take up the
cudgels &c 720; take up arms, fly to arms, appeal to arms, fly to the
sword; draw the sword, unsheathe the sword; dig up the hatchet, dig up
the tomahawk; go to war, wage war, let slip the dogs of war [Julius
Caesar]; cry havoc; kindle the torch of war, light the torch of war;
raise one's banner, raise the fire cross; hoist the black flag; throw
away, fling away the scabbard; enroll, enlist; take the field; take the
law into one's own hands; do battle, give battle, join battle, engage
in battle, go to battle; flesh one's sword; set to, fall to, engage,
measure swords with, draw the trigger, cross swords; come to blows,
come to close quarters; fight; combat; contend &c 720; battle with,
break a lance with.
[pirates engage in battle] raise the jolly roger, run up the jolly
roger.
serve; see service, be on service, be on active service; campaign;
wield the sword, shoulder a musket, smell powder, be under fire; spill
blood, imbrue the hands in blood; on the warpath.
carry on war, carry on hostilities; keep the field; fight the good
fight; fight it out, fight like devils, fight one's way, fight hand to
hand; sell one's life dearly; pay the ferryman's fee.
Adj. contending, contentious &c 720; armed, armed to the teeth, armed
cap-a-pie; sword in hand; in arms, under arms, up in arms; at war with;
bristling with arms; in battle array, in open arms, in the field;
embattled; battled.
unpacific†, unpeaceful†; belligerent, combative, armigerous†,
bellicose, martial, warlike; military, militant; soldier-like,
soldierly.
chivalrous; strategical, internecine.
Adv. flagrante bello [Lat.], in the thick of the fray, in the cannon's
mouth; at the sword's point, at the point of the bayonet.
Int. vae victis! [Lat.], to arms!, to your tents O Israel!,
Phr. the battle rages; a la guerre comme a la guerre [Fr.]; bis peccare
in bello non licet [Lat.]; jus gladii [Lat.]; my voice is still for war
[Addison]; 'tis well that war is so terrible, otherwise we might grow
fond of it [Robert E.
Lee]; my sentence is for open war [Milton]; pride, pomp, and
circumstance of glorious war [Othello]; the cannons have their bowels
full of wrath [King John]; the cannons aspit forth their iron
indignation [King John]; the fire-eyed maid of smoky war [Henry IV];
silent leges inter arma [Lat.] [Cicero]; si vis pacem para bellum
[Lat.].
723. Pacification — N. pacification, conciliation; reconciliation,
reconcilement; shaking of hands, accommodation, arrangement,
adjustment; terms, compromise; amnesty, deed of release.
peace offering; olive branch; calumet of peace, preliminaries of
peace.
truce, armistice; suspension of arms, suspension of hostilities,
stand-down; breathing time; convention; modus vivendi [Lat.]; flag of
truce, white flag, parlementaire [Fr.], cartel†.
hollow truce, pax in bello [Lat.]; drawn battle.
V. pacify, tranquilize, compose; allay &c (moderate) 174; reconcile,
propitiate, placate, conciliate, meet halfway, hold out the olive
branch, heal the breach, make peace, restore harmony, bring to terms.
settle matters, arrange matters, accommodate matters, accommodate
differences; set straight; make up a quarrel, tantas componere lites
[Lat.]; come to an understanding, come to terms; bridge over, hush up;
make it, make matters up; shake hands; mend one's fences [U.S.].
raise a siege, lift a siege; put up the sword, sheathe the sword;
bury the hatchet, lay down one's arms, turn swords into plowshares;
smoke the calumet of peace, close the temple of Janus; keep the peace
&c (concord) 714; be pacified &c; come round.
Adj. conciliatory; composing &c v.; pacified &c v..
Phr. requiescat in pace [Lat.].
724. Mediation — N. mediation, mediatorship†, mediatization†;
intervention, interposition, interference, intermeddling, intercession;
arbitration; flag of truce &c 723; good offices, peace offering;
parley, negotiation; diplomatics†, diplomacy; compromise &c 774.
[person who mediates] mediator, arbitrator, intercessor,
peacemaker, makepeace†, negotiator, go-between; diplomatist &c
(consignee) 758; moderator; propitiator; umpire.
V. mediate, mediatize†; intercede, interpose, interfere, intervene; step
in, negotiate; meet halfway; arbitrate; magnas componere lites [Lat.].
bargain &c 794
Adj. mediatory.
725. Submission — N. submission, yielding; nonresistance; obedience &c
743.
surrender, cession, capitulation, resignation; backdown†.
obeisance, homage, kneeling, genuflexion†, courtesy, curtsy,
kowtow, prostration.
V. succumb, submit, yeild, bend, resign, defer to.
lay down one's arms, deliver up one's arms; lower colors, haul
down colors, strike one's flag, strike colors.
surrender, surrender at discretion; cede, capitulate, come to
terms, retreat, beat a retreat; draw in one's horns &c (humility) 879;
give way, give round, give in, give up; cave in; suffer judgment by
default; bend, bend to one's yoke, bend before the storm; reel back;
bend down, knuckle down, knuckle to, knuckle under; knock under.
eat dirt, eat the leek, eat humble pie; bite the dust, lick the
dust; be at one's feet, fall at one's feet; craven; crouch before,
throw oneself at the feet of; swallow the leek, swallow the pill; kiss
the rod; turn the other cheek; avaler les couleuvres [Fr.], gulp down.
obey &c 743; kneel to, bow to, pay homage to, cringe to, truckle
to; bend the neck, bend the knee; kneel, fall on one's knees, bow
submission, courtesy, curtsy, kowtow.
pocket the affront; make the best of, make a virtue of necessity;
grin and abide, grin and bear it, shrug the shoulders, resign oneself;
submit with a good grace &c (bear with) 826.
Adj. surrendering &c v.; submissive, resigned, crouching; downtrodden;
down on one's marrow bones; on one's bended knee; unresistant,
unresisting, nonresisting; pliant &c (soft) 324; undefended.
untenable, indefensible; humble &c 879.
Phr. have it your own way; it can't be helped; amen &c (assent) 488; da
locum melioribus [Lat.]; tempori parendum [Lat.].
726. Combatant — N. combatant; disputant, controversialist, polemic,
litigant, belligerent; competitor, rival, corrival†; fighter, assailant;
champion, Paladin; mosstrooper†, swashbuckler fire eater, duelist,
bully, bludgeon man, rough.
prize fighter, pugilist, boxer, bruiser, the fancy, gladiator,
athlete, wrestler; fighting-cock, game-cock; warrior, soldier, fighting
man, Amazon, man at arms, armigerent†; campaigner, veteran; swordsman,
sabreur†, redcoat, military man, Rajput.
armed force, troops, soldiery, military forces, sabaoth†, the army,
standing army, regulars, the line, troops of the line, militia,
yeomanry, volunteers, trainband, fencible†; auxiliary, bersagliere†,
brave; garde-nationale, garde-royale [Fr.]; minuteman [U.S.]; auxiliary
forces, reserve forces; reserves, posse comitatus [Lat.], national
guard, gendarme, beefeater; guards, guardsman; yeomen of the guard,
life guards, household troops.
janissary; myrmidon; Mama, Mameluke; spahee†, spahi†, Cossack,
Croat, Pandoz.
irregular, guerilla, partisan, condottiere†; franctireur [Fr.],
tirailleur†, bashi-bazouk; [guerilla organization names: list],
vietminh, vietcong; shining path; contras; huk, hukbalahap.
mercenary, soldier of fortune; hired gun, gunfighter, gunslinger;
bushwhacker, free lance, companion; Hessian.
hit man torpedo, soldier.
levy, draught; Landwehr [G.], Landsturm [G.]; conscript, recruit,
cadet, raw levies.
infantry, infantryman, private, private soldier, foot soldier;
Tommy Atkins†, rank and file, peon, trooper, sepoy†, legionnaire,
legionary, cannon fodder, food for powder; officer &c (commander) 745;
subaltern, ensign, standard bearer; spearman, pikeman†; spear bearer;
halberdier†, lancer; musketeer, carabineer†, rifleman, jager [G.],
sharpshooter, yager†, skirmisher; grenadier, fusileer†; archer, bowman.
horse and foot; horse soldier; cavalry, horse, artillery, horse
artillery, light horse, voltigeur [Fr.], uhlan, mounted rifles,
dragoon, hussar; light dragoon, heavy dragoon; heavy; cuirassier [Fr.];
Foot Guards, Horse Guards.
gunner, cannoneer, bombardier, artilleryman†, matross†; sapper,
sapper and miner; engineer; light infantry, rifles, chasseur [Fr.],
zouave; military train, coolie.
army, corps d'armee [Fr.], host, division, battalia†, column, wing,
detachment, garrison, flying column, brigade, regiment, corps,
battalion, sotnia†, squadron, company, platoon, battery, subdivision,
section, squad; piquet, picket, guard, rank, file; legion, phalanx,
cohort; cloud of skirmishers.
war horse, charger, destrier.
marine, man-of-war's man &c (sailor) 269; navy, wooden walls,
naval forces, fleet, flotilla, armada, squadron.
[ships of war] man-of-war; destroyer; submarine; minesweeper;
torpedo-boat, torpedo-destroyer; patrol torpedo boat, PT boat; torpedo-
catcher, war castle, H.M.S.; battleship, battle wagon, dreadnought,
line of battle ship, ship of the line; aircraft carrier, carrier.
flattop [Coll.]; helicopter carrier; missile platform, missile
boat; ironclad, turret ship, ram, monitor, floating battery; first-
rate, frigate, sloop of war, corvette, gunboat, bomb vessel; flagship,
guard ship, cruiser; armored cruiser, protected cruiser; privateer.
[supporting ships] tender; store ship, troop ship; transport,
catamaran; merchant marine.
727. Arms — N. arm, arms; weapon, deadly weapon; armament, armaments,
armature; panoply, stand of arms; armor &c (defense) 717; armory &c
(store) 636; apparatus belli [Lat.].
ammunition; powder, powder and shot; cartridge; ball cartridge,
cartouche, fireball; villainous saltpeter [Henry IV]; dumdum bullet.
explosive; gunpowder, guncotton; mercury fulminate; picrates;
pentaerythritol tetranitrate, PETN.
high explosive; trinitrotoluene, TNT; dynamite, melinite†, cordite,
lyddite, plastic explosive, plastique; pyroxyline†.
[knives and swords: list] sword, saber, broadsword, cutlass,
falchion†, scimitar, cimeter†, brand, whinyard, bilbo, glaive†, glave†,
rapier, skean, Toledo, Ferrara, tuck, claymore, adaga†, baselard†,
Lochaber ax, skean dhu†, creese†, kris, dagger, dirk, banger†, poniard,
stiletto, stylet†, dudgeon, bayonet; sword-bayonet, sword-stick; side
arms, foil, blade, steel; ax, bill; pole-ax, battle-ax; gisarme†,
halberd, partisan, tomahawk, bowie knife†; ataghan†, attaghan†,
yataghan†; yatacban†; assagai, assegai†; good sword, trusty sword, naked
sword; cold steel.
club, mace, truncheon, staff, bludgeon, cudgel, life preserver,
shillelah, sprig; hand staff, quarter staff; bat, cane, stick, knuckle
duster; billy, blackjack, sandbag, waddy†.
gun, piece [Fr.]; firearms; artillery, ordnance; siege train,
battering train; park, battery; cannon, gun of position, heavy gun,
field piece [Fr.], mortar, howitzer, carronade†, culverin†, basilisk;
falconet, jingal†, swivel, pederero†, bouche a feu [Fr.]; petard,
torpedo; mitrailleur [Fr.], mitrailleuse [Fr.]; infernal machine;
smooth bore, rifled cannon, Armstrong gun†, Lancaster gun, Paixhan gun,
Whitworth gun, Parrott gun, Krupp gun, Gatling gun, Maxim gun, machine
gun; pompom†; ten pounder.
small arms; musket, musketry, firelock†, fowling piece [Fr.],
rifle, fusil†, caliver†, carbine, blunderbuss, musketoon†, Brown Bess,
matchlock, harquebuss†, arquebus, haguebut†; pistol, postolet†; petronel;
small bore; breach-loader, muzzle-loader; revolver, repeater; Minis
rifle, Enfield rifle, Flobert rifle, Westley Richards rifle, Snider
rifle, Martini-Henry rifle, Lee-Metford rifle, Lee-Enfield rifle,
Mauser rifle, magazine rifle; needle gun, chassepot†; wind gun, air gun;
automatic gun, automatic pistol; escopet†, escopette†, gunflint, gun-
lock; hackbut†, shooter, shooting iron [U.S.], six-shooter [U.S.],
shotgun; Uzzi, assault rifle, Kalashnikov.
bow, crossbow, balister†, catapult, sling; battering ram &c
(impulse) 276; gunnery; ballistics &c (propulsion) 284.
missile, bolt, projectile, shot, ball; grape; grape shot, canister
shot, bar shot, cannon shot, langrel shot†, langrage shot†, round shot,
chain shot; balista†, ballista†, slung shot, trebucbet†, trebucket†;
bullet, slug, stone, brickbat, grenade, shell, bomb, carcass, rocket;
congreve†, congreve rocket†; shrapnel, mitraille [Fr.]; levin bolt†,
levin brand†; thunderbolt.
pike, lance, spear, spontoon†, javelin, dart, jereed†, jerid†,
arrow, reed, shaft, bolt, boomerang, harpoon, gaff; eelspear†, oxgoad†,
weet-weet, wommerah†; cattle prod; chemical mace.
Phr. en flute; nervos belli pecuniam infinitam [Lat.].
728. Arena — N. arena, field, platform; scene of action, theater;
walk, course; hustings; stare, boards &c (playhouse) 599; amphitheater;
Coliseum, Colosseum; Flavian amphitheater, hippodrome, circus, race
course, corso [Sp.], turf, cockpit, bear garden, playground, gymnasium,
palestra, ring, lists; tiltyard†, tilting ground; Campus Martins, Champ
de Allars†; campus [U.S.].
boxing ring, canvas.
theater of war, seat of war; battle-field, battle-ground; field of
battle, field of slaughter; Aceldama†, camp; the enemy's camp; trusting
place &c (place of meeting) 74.
SECTION V.
RESULTS OF VOLUNTARY ACTION
729. Completion — N. completion, accomplishment, achievement,
fulfillment; performance, execution; despatch, dispatch; consummation,
culmination; finish, conclusion; close &c (end) 67; terminus &c
(arrival) 292; winding up; finale, denouement, catastrophe, issue,
upshot, result; final touch, last touch, crowning touch, finishing
touch, finishing stroke; last finish, coup de grace; crowning of the
edifice; coping-stone, keystone; missing link &c 53; superstructure, ne
plus ultra [Lat.], work done, fait accompli [Fr.].
elaboration; finality; completeness &c 52.
V. effect, effectuate; accomplish, achieve, compass, consummate, hammer
out; bring to maturity, bring to perfection; perfect, complete;
elaborate.
do, execute, make; go through, get through; work out, enact; bring
about, bring to bear, bring to pass, bring through, bring to a head.
despatch, dispatch; knock off, finish off, polish off; make short
work of; dispose of, set at rest; perform, discharge, fulfill, realize;
put in practice, put in force; carry out, carry into effect, carry into
execution; make good; be as good as one's word.
do thoroughly, not do by halves, go the whole hog; drive home; be
in at the death &c (persevere) 604.1; carry through, play out, exhaust;
fill the bill [U.S.].
finish, bring to a close &c (end) 67; wind up, stamp, clinch,
seal, set the seal on, put the seal; give the final touch &c n.. to;
put the last, put the finishing hand to, put the finishing touches on;
crown, crown all; cap.
ripen, culminate; come to a head, come to a crisis; come to its
end; die a natural death, die of old age; run its course, run one's
race; touch the goal, reach the goal, attain the goal; reach &c
(arrive) 292; get in the harvest.
Adj. completing, final; concluding, conclusive; crowning &c v.;
exhaustive.
done, completed &c v.; done for, sped, wrought out; highly wrought
&c (preparation) 673; thorough &c 52; ripe &c (ready) 673.
Adv. completely &c (thoroughly) 52; to crown all, out of hand.
Phr. the race is run; actum est [Lat.]; finis coronat opus [Lat.];
consummatum est [Lat.]; c'en est fait [Fr.]; it is all over; the game
is played out, the bubble has burst; aussitot dit aussitot fait [Fr.];
aut non tentaris aut perfice [Lat.] [Ovid].
730. Noncompletion — N. noncompletion, nonfulfillment; shortcoming &c
304; incompleteness &c 53; drawn battle, drawn game; work of Penelope.
nonperformance, inexecution†; neglect &c 460.
V. not complete &c 729; leave unfinished &c adj., leave undone, drop,
put down; neglect &c 460; let alone, let slip; lose sight of (forget)
506.
fall short of &c 304; do things by halves, parboil, scotch the
snake not lull it; hang fire; be slow to; collapse &c 304.
drop out.
Adj. not completed &c v.; incomplete &c 53; uncompleted, unfinished,
unaccomplished, unperformed, unexecuted; sketchy, addle.
in progress, in hand; ongoing, going on, proceeding; on one's
hands; on the anvil; in the fire, in the oven.
parboiled, half-baked.
Adv. re infecta [Lat.].
731. Success — N. success, successfulness; speed; advance &c
(progress) 282.
trump card; hit, stroke, score; lucky hit, fortunate hit, good
hit, good stroke; direct hit, bull's eye; goal, point, touchdown; home
run, homer, hole-in-one, grand slam; killing [make money], windfall
bold stroke, master stroke; ten strike [U.S.]; coup de maitre [Fr.],
checkmate; half the battle, prize; profit &c (acquisition) 775.
continued success; good fortune &c (prosperity) 734; time well
spent.
advantage over; upper hand, whip hand; ascendancy, mastery;
expugnation†, conquest, victory, subdual†; subjugation &c (subjection)
749.
triumph &c (exultation) 884; proficiency &c (skill) 698.
conqueror, victor, winner; master of the situation, master of the
position, top of the heap, king of the hill; achiever, success, success
story.
V. succeed; be successful &c adj.; gain one's end, gain one's ends;
crown with success.
gain a point, attain a point, carry a point, secure a point, win a
point, win an object; get there [U.S.]; manage to, contrive to;
accomplish &c (effect) (complete) 729; do wonders, work wonders; make a
go of it.
come off well, come off successful, come off with flying colors;
make short work of; take by storm, carry by storm; bear away the bell;
win one's wings, win one's spurs, win the battle; win the day, carry
the day, gain the day, gain the prize, gain the palm; have the best of
it, have it all one's own way, have the game in one's owns hands, have
the ball at one's feet, have one on the hop; walk over the course;
carry all before one, remain in possession of the field; score a
success.
speed; make progress &c (advance) 282; win one's way, make one's
way, work one's way, find one's way; strive to some purpose; prosper &c
734; drive a roaring trade; make profit &c (acquire) 775; reap the
fruits, gather the fruits, reap the benefit of, reap the harvest;
strike oil [U.S.], gain a windfall; make one's fortune, get in the
harvest, turn to good account; turn to account &c (use) 677.
triumph, be triumphant; gain a victory, obtain a victory, gain an
advantage; chain victory to one's car; nail a coonskin to the wall.
surmount a difficulty, overcome a difficulty, get over a
difficulty, get over an obstacle &c 706; se tirer d'affaire [Fr.]; make
head against; stem the torrent, stem the tide, stem the current;
weather the storm, weather a point; turn a corner, keep one's head
above water, tide over; master; get the better of, have the better of,
gain the better of, gain the best of, gain the upper hand, gain the
ascendancy, gain the whip hand, gain the start of; distance; surpass &c
(superiority) 33.
defeat, conquer, vanquish, discomfit; euchre; overcome, overthrow,
overpower, overmaster, overmatch, overset†, override, overreach; outwit,
outdo, outflank, outmaneuver, outgeneral, outvote; take the wind out of
one's adversary's sails; beat, beat hollow; rout, lick, drub, floor,
worst; put down, put to flight, put to the rout, put hors de combat
[Fr.], put out of court.
silence, quell, nonsuit†, checkmate, upset, confound, nonplus,
stalemate, trump; baffle &c (hinder) 706; circumvent, elude; trip up,
trip up the heels of; drive into a corner, drive to the wall; run hard,
put one's nose out of joint.
settle, do for; break the neck of, break the back of; capsize,
sink, shipwreck, drown, swamp; subdue; subjugate &c (subject) 749;
reduce; make the enemy bite the dust; victimize, roll in the dust,
trample under foot, put an extinguisher upon.
answer, answer the purpose; avail, prevail, take effect, do, turn
out well, work well, take, tell, bear fruit; hit it, hit the mark, hit
the right nail on the head; nick it; turn up trumps, make a hit; find
one's account in.
Adj. succeeding &c v.; successful; prosperous &c 734; triumphant;
flushed with success, crowned with success; victorious, on top; set up;
in the ascendant; unbeaten &c (beat) &c v.; well-spent; felicitous,
effective, in full swing.
Adv. successfully &c adj.; well flying colors, in triumph, swimmingly;
a merveille [Fr.], beyond all hope; to some purpose, to good purpose;
to one's heart's content.
Phr. veni vidi vici [Lat.], the day being one's own, one's star in the
ascendant; omne tulit punctum [Lat.].
bis vincit qui se vincit in victoria [Lat.]; cede repugnanti
cedendo victor abibis [Lat.] [Ovid]; chacun est l'artisan de sa fortune
[Fr.]; dies faustus [Lat.]; l'art de vaincre est celui de mepriser la
mort [Fr.]; omnia vincit amor [Lat.], love conquers all; peace hath her
victories no less renowned than war [Milton]; the race by vigor not by
vaunts is won [Pope]; vincit qui patitur [Lat.]; vincit qui se vincit
[Lat.]; The race is not always to the swift, nor the battle to the
strong, but that's the way to bet [Mark Twain].
732. Failure — N. failure; nonsuccess†, nonfulfillment; dead failure,
successlessness†; abortion, miscarriage; brutum fulmen &c 158 [Lat.];
labor in vain &c (inutility) 645; no go; inefficacy†; inefficaciousness
&c adj.; vain attempt, ineffectual attempt, abortive attempt, abortive
efforts; flash in the pan, lame and impotent conclusion [Othello];
frustration; slip 'twixt cup and lip &c (disappointment) 509.
blunder &c (mistake) 495; fault, omission, miss, oversight, slip,
trip, stumble, claudication†, footfall; false step, wrong step; faux pas
[Fr.], titubation†, bévue [Fr.], faute [Fr.], lurch; botchery &c (want
of skill) 699 [Obs.]; scrape, mess, fiasco, breakdown; flunk [U.S.].
mishap &c (misfortune) 735; split, collapse, smash, blow,
explosion.
repulse, rebuff, defeat, rout, overthrow, discomfiture; beating,
drubbing; quietus, nonsuit†, subjugation; checkmate, stalemate, fool's
mate.
fall, downfall, ruin, perdition; wreck &c (destruction) 162;
deathblow; bankruptcy &c (nonpayment) 808.
losing game, affaire flambée.
victim; bankrupt; flunker†, flunky [U.S.].
V. fail; be unsuccessful &c adj.; not succeed &c 731; make vain efforts
&c n.; do in vain, labor in vain, toil in vain; flunk [U.S.]; lose
one's labor, take nothing by one's motion; bring to naught, make
nothing of; wash a blackamoor white &c (impossible) 471; roll the
stones of Sisyphus &c (useless) 645; do by halves &c (not complete)
730; lose ground &c (recede) 282; fall short of &c 304.
miss, miss one's aim, miss the mark, miss one's footing, miss
stays; slip, trip, stumble; make a slip &c n.. blunder &c 495, make a
mess of, make a botch of; bitch it†, miscarry, abort, go up like a
rocket and come down like the stick, come down in flames, get shot
down, reckon without one's host; get the wrong pig by the tail, get the
wrong sow by the ear &c (blunder), )mismanage) 699.
limp, halt, hobble, titubate†; fall, tumble; lose one's balance;
fall to the ground, fall between two stools; flounder, falter, stick in
the mud, run aground, split upon a rock; beat one's head against a
stone wall, run one's head against a stone wall, knock one's head
against a stone wall, dash one's head against a stone wall; break one's
back; break down, sink, drown, founder, have the ground cut from under
one; get into trouble, get into a mess, get into a scrape; come to
grief &c (adversity) 735; go to the wall, go to the dogs, go to pot;
lick the dust, bite the dust; be defeated &c 731; have the worst of it,
lose the day, come off second best, lose; fall a prey to; succumb &c
(submit) 725; not have a leg to stand on.
come to nothing, end in smoke; flat out†; fall to the ground, fall
through, fall dead, fall stillborn, fall flat; slip through one's
fingers; hang fire, miss fire; flash in the pan, collapse; topple down
&c (descent) 305; go to wrack and ruin &c (destruction) 162.
go amiss, go wrong, go cross, go hard with, go on a wrong tack; go
on ill, come off ill, turn out ill, work ill; take a wrong term, take
an ugly term; take an ugly turn, take a turn for the worse.
be all over with, be all up with; explode; dash one's hopes &c
(disappoint) 509; defeat the purpose; sow the wind and reap the
whirlwind, jump out of the frying pan into the fire, go from the frying
pan into the fire.
Adj. unsuccessful, successless†; failing, tripping &c v.; at fault;
unfortunate &c 735.
abortive, addle, stillborn; fruitless, bootless; ineffectual,
ineffective, inconsequential, trifling, nugatory; inefficient &c
(impotent) 158; insufficient &c 640; unavailing &c (useless) 645; of no
effect.
aground, grounded, swamped, stranded, cast away, wrecked,
foundered, capsized, shipwrecked, nonsuited†; foiled; defeated &c 731;
struck down, borne down, broken down; downtrodden; overborne,
overwhelmed; all up with; ploughed, plowed, plucked.
lost, undone, ruined, broken; bankrupt &c (not paying) 808; played
out; done up, done for; dead beat, ruined root and branch, flambe†,
knocked on the head; destroyed &c 162.
frustrated, crossed, unhinged, disconcerted dashed; thrown off
one's balance, thrown on one's back, thrown on one's beam ends†;
unhorsed, in a sorry plight; hard hit.
stultified, befooled†, dished, hoist on one's own petard;
victimized, sacrificed.
wide of the mark &c (error) 495; out of one's reckoning &c
(inexpectation) 508 [Obs.]; left in the lurch; thrown away &c (wasted)
638; unattained; uncompleted &c 730.
Adv. unsuccessfully &c adj.; to little or no purpose, in vain, re
infecta [Lat.].
Phr. the bubble has burst, the jig is up, the game is up [Cymbeline];
all is lost; the devil to pay; parturiunt montes &c (disappointment)
509 [Lat.]; dies infaustus [Lat.]; tout est perdu hors l'honneur [Fr.].
733. Trophy — N. trophy; medal, prize, palm, award; laurel, laurels;
bays, crown, chaplet, wreath, civic crown; insignia &c 550; feather in
one's cap &c (honor) 873; decoration &c 877; garland, triumphal arch,
Victoria Cross, Iron Cross.
triumph &c (celebration) 883; flying colors &c (show) 882.
monumentum aere perennius [Horace].
Phr. for valor
734. Prosperity — N. prosperity, welfare, well-being; affluence &c
(wealth) 803; success &c 731; thrift, roaring trade; good fortune,
smiles of fortune; blessings, godsend.
luck; good luck, run of luck; sunshine; fair weather, fair wind;
palmy days, bright days, halcyon days; piping times, tide, flood, high
tide.
Saturnia regna [Lat.], Saturnian age; golden time, golden age; bed
of roses, fat city [Coll.]; fat of the land, milk and honey, loaves and
fishes.
made man, lucky dog, enfant gate [Fr.], spoiled child of fortune.
upstart, parvenu, skipjack†, mushroom.
V. prosper, thrive, flourish; be prosperous &c adj.; drive a roaring
trade, do a booming business; go on well, go on smoothly, go on
swimmingly; sail before the wind, swim with the tide; run smooth, run
smoothly, run on all fours.
rise in the world, get on in the world; work one's way, make one's
way; look up; lift one's head, raise one's head, make one's fortune,
feather one's nest, make one's pile.
flower, blow, blossom, bloom, fructify, bear fruit, fatten.
keep oneself afloat; keep one's head above water, hold one's head
above water; land on one's feet, light on one's feet, light on one's
legs, fall on one's legs, fall on one's feet; drop into a good thing;
bear a charmed life; bask in the sunshine; have a good time of it, have
a fine time of it; have a run of luck; have the good fortune &c n.. to;
take a favorable turn; live on the fat of the land, live off the fat of
the land, live in clover.
Adj. prosperous; thriving &c v.; in a fair way, buoyant; well off, well
to do, well to do in the world; set up, at one's ease; rich &c 803; in
good case; in full, in high feather; fortunate, lucky, in luck; born
with a silver spoon in one's mouth, born under a lucky star; on the
sunny side of the hedge.
auspicious, propitious, providential.
palmy, halcyon; agreeable &c 829; couleur de rose [Fr.].
Adv. prosperously &c adj.; swimmingly; as good luck would have it;
beyond all hope.
Phr. one's star in the ascendant, all for the best, one's course runs
smooth.
chacun est l'artisan de sa fortune [Fr.]; donec eris felix multos
numerabis amicos [Lat.] [Ovid]; felicitas multos habet amicos [Lat.];
felix se nescit amari [Lat.] [Lucan]; good luck go with thee [Henry V];
nulli est homini perpetuum bonum [Lat.] [Plautus].
735. Adversity — N. adversity, evil &c 619; failure &c 732; bad luck,
ill luck, evil luck, adverse luck, hard fortune, hard hap, hard luck,
hard lot; frowns of fortune; evil dispensation, evil star, evil genius†;
vicissitudes of life, ups and downs of life, broken fortunes; hard
case, hard lines, hard life; sea of troubles; peck of troubles; hell
upon earth; slough of despond.
trouble, hardship, curse, blight, blast, load, pressure.
pressure of the times, iron age, evil day, time out of joint; hard
times, bad times, sad times; rainy day, cloud, dark cloud, gathering
clouds, ill wind; visitation, infliction; affliction &c (painfulness)
830; bitter pill; care, trial; the sport of fortune.
mishap, mischance, misadventure, misfortune; disaster, calamity,
catastrophe; accident, casualty, cross, reverse, check, contretemps,
rub; backset†, comedown, setback [U.S.].
losing game; falling &c v.; fall, downfall; ruination,
ruinousness; undoing; extremity; ruin &c (destruction) 162.
V. be ill off &c adj.; go hard with; fall on evil, fall on evil days;
go on ill; not prosper &c 734.
go downhill, go to rack and ruin &c (destruction) 162, go to the
dogs; fall, fall from one's high estate; decay, sink, decline, go down
in the world; have seen better days; bring down one's gray hairs with
sorrow to the grave; come to grief; be all over, be up with; bring a
wasp's nest about one's ears, bring a hornet's nest about one's ears.
Adj. unfortunate, unblest†, unhappy, unlucky; improsperous†,
unprosperous; hoodooed [U.S.]; luckless, hapless; out of luck; in
trouble, in a bad way, in an evil plight; under a cloud; clouded; ill
off, badly off; in adverse circumstances; poor &c 804; behindhand, down
in the world, decayed, undone; on the road to ruin, on its last legs,
on the wane; in one's utmost need.
planet-struck, devoted; born under an evil star, born with a
wooden ladle in one's mouth; ill-fated, ill-starred, ill-omened.
adverse, untoward; disastrous, calamitous, ruinous, dire,
deplorable.
736. Mediocrity — N. moderate circumstances, average circumstances;
respectability; middle classes; mediocrity; golden mean &c (mid-course)
628, (moderation) 174.
V. jog on; go fairly, go quietly, go peaceably, go tolerably, go
respectably, get on fairly, get on quietly, get on peaceably, get on
tolerably, get on respectably.
DIVISION II
INTERSOCIAL VOLITION
SECTION I.
GENERAL INTERSOCIAL VOLITION
737. Authority — N. authority; influence, patronage, power,
preponderance, credit, prestige, prerogative, jurisdiction; right &c
(title) 924; direction &c 693; government &c 737.1.
divine right, dynastic rights, authoritativeness; absoluteness,
absolutism; despotism; jus nocendi [Lat.]; jus divinum [Lat.].
mastery, mastership, masterdom†; dictation, control.
hold, grasp; grip, gripe; reach; iron sway &c (severity) 739;
fangs, clutches, talons; rod of empire &c (scepter) 747.
[Vicarious authority] commission &c 755; deputy &c 759; permission
&c 760.
V. authorize &c (permit) 760; warrant &c (right) 924; dictate &c
(order) 741.
be at the head of &c adj.; hold office, be in office, fill an
office; hold master, occupy master, a post master, be master &c 745.
have the upper hand, get the upper hand, have the whip, get the
whip; gain a hold upon, preponderate, dominate, rule the roost; boss
[U.S.]; override, overrule, overawe; lord it over, hold in hand, keep
under, make a puppet of, lead by the nose, turn round one's little
finger, bend to one's will, hold one's own, wear the breeches; have the
ball at one's feet, have it all one's own way, have the game in one's
own hand, have on the hip, have under one's thumb; be master of the
situation; take the lead, play first fiddle, set the fashion; give the
law to; carry with a high hand; lay down the law; ride in the whirlwind
and direct the storm [Addison]; rule with a rod of iron &c (severity)
739.
Adj. at the head, dominant, paramount, supreme, predominant,
preponderant, in the ascendant, influential; arbitrary; compulsory &c
744; stringent.
at one's command; in one's power, in one's grasp; under control.
Adv. in the name of, by the authority of, de par le Roi [Fr.], in
virtue of; under the auspices of, in the hands of.
at one's pleasure; by a dash if the pen, by a stroke of the pen;
ex mero motu [Lat.]; ex cathedra [Lat.], from the chair.
Phr. the gray mare the better horse; every inch a king [Lear].
780,
737a. Government — N. government, legal authority, soveriegn,
sovereign authority; authority &c 737; master &c 745; direction &c 693.
[nations] national government, nation, state, country, nation-
state, dominion, republic, empire, union, democratic republic; kingdom,
principality.
[subdivisions of nations] state government [Lat.], state; shire
[Brit.]; province [Can.]; county [Ire.]; canton [Switz.]; territory
[Austral.]; duchy, archduchy, archdukedom†; woiwodshaft; commonwealth;
region &c 181; property &c 780.
[smaller subdivisions] county, parish city, domain, tract,
arrondissement [Fr.], mofussil†, commune; wappentake, hundred, riding,
lathe, garth†, soke†, tithing; ward, precinct, bailiwick.
command, empire, sway, rule; dominion, domination; sovereignty,
supremacy, suzerainty; lordship, headship†; chiefdom†; seigniory,
seigniority†.
rule, sway, command, control, administer; govern &c (direct) 693;
lead, preside over, reign, possess the throne, be seated on the throne,
occupy the throne; sway the scepter, wield the scepter; wear the crown.
state, realm, body politic, posse comitatus [Lat.].
[person in the governing authority] judicature &c 965; cabinet &c
(council) 696; seat of government, seat of authority; headquarters.
[Acquisition of authority] accession; installation &c 755;
politics &c 737.1.
reign, regime, dynasty; directorship, dictatorship; protectorate,
protectorship; caliphate, pashalic†, electorate; presidency,
presidentship†; administration; proconsul, consulship; prefecture;
seneschalship; magistrature†, magistracy.
monarchy; kinghood†, kingship; royalty, regality; aristarchy†,
aristocracy; oligarchy, democracy, theocracy, demagogy; commonwealth;
dominion; heteronomy; republic, republicanism; socialism; collectivism;
mob law, mobocracy†, ochlocracy†; vox populi, imperium in imperio
[Lat.]; bureaucracy; beadledom†, bumbledom†; stratocracy; military
power, military government, junta; feodality†, feudal system, feudalism.
thearchy†, theocracy, dinarchy†; duarchy†, triarchy, heterarchy†;
duumvirate; triumvirate; autocracy, autonomy; limited monarchy;
constitutional government, constitutional monarchy; home rule;
representative government; monocracy†, pantisocracy†.
gynarchy†, gynocracy†, gynaeocracy†; petticoat government.
[government functions] legislature, judiciary, administration.
[Government agencies and institutions] office of the president,
office of the prime minister, cabinet; senate, house of
representatives, parliament; council &c 696; courts, supreme court;
[U.S. national government departments], state, interior, labor, health
and human services, defense, education, agriculture, justice, commerce,
treasury; Federal Bureau of Investigation, FBI; Central Intelligence
Agency, CIA; National Institutes of Health, NIH; Postal Service, Post
Office; Federal Aviation Administration, FAA.
[national government officials] president, vice president, cabinet
member, prime minister, minister; senator, representatative, president
pro tem [Lat.], speaker of the house; department head, section head,
section chief; federal judge, justice, justice of the supreme court,
chief justice; treasurer, secretary of the treasury; director of the
FBI.
[state government officials] governor, state cabinet member; state
senator, assemblyman, assemblywoman.
V. govern, rule, have authority, hold authority, possess authority,
exercise authority, exert authority, wield authority &c n.; reign, be
sovereign.
[acquire authority] ascend the throne, mount the throne; take the
reins, take the reins into one's hand; assume authority &c n., assume
the reins of government; take command, assume command.
[contend for authority] politics &c 737.1.
be governed by, be in the power of, be a subject of, be a citizen
of.
Adj. regal, sovereign, governing; royal, royalist; monarchical, kingly;
imperial, imperiatorial†; princely; feudal; aristocratic, autocratic;
oligarchic &c n.; republican, dynastic.
ruling &c v.; regnant, gubernatorial; imperious; authoritative,
executive, administrative, clothed with authority, official,
departmental, ex officio, imperative, peremptory, overruling, absolute;
hegemonic, hegemonical†; authorized &c (due) 924.
[pertaining to property owned by government] government, public;
national, federal; his majesty's [Brit.], her majesty's; state, county,
city, &c N..
Phr. a dog's obeyed in office [Lear]; cada uno tiene su alguazil [Sp.];
le Roi le veut [Fr.]; regibus esse manus en nescio longas [Lat.];
regnant populi [Lat.]; the demigod Authority [Lat.Tran] [Measure for
Measure]; the right divine of kings to govern wrong [Pope]; uneasy lies
the head that wears a crown [Henry IV].
737b. Politics [contention for governmental authority or influence]. —
N. politics; political science; candidacy, campaign, campaigning,
electioneering; partisanship, ideology, factionalism.
election, poll, ballot, vote, referendum, recall, initiative,
voice, suffrage, plumper, cumulative vote, plebiscitum [Lat.],
plebiscite, vox populi; electioneering; voting &c v.; elective
franchise; straight ticket [U.S.]; opinion poll, popularity poll.
issue; opinion, stand, position; program, platform; party line.
[ideologies] democracy, republicanism; communism, statism, state
socialism; socialism; conservatism, toryism; liberalism, whigism;
theocracy; constitutional monarchy.
[political parties] party &c 712; [U.S: Political parties list],
Democratic Party, Republican Party, Socialist Party; Communist Party;
[U.S. defunct parties: list], Federalist Party, Bull Moose Party,
Abolitionist Party; [Germany: list], Christian Democratic Party, Social
Democratic Party; National Socialist Worker's Party; [Germany, 1930-
1945], Nazi Party; [Great Britain:list], Liberal Party, Labor Party,
Conservative Party.
ticket, slate.
[person active in politics] politician activist; [specific
politicians: list], candidate, aspirant, hopeful, office-seeker, front-
runner, dark horse, long shot, shoo-in; supporter, backer, political
worker, campaign worker; lobbyist, contributor; party hack, ward
heeler; regional candidate, favorite son; running mate, stalking horse;
perpetual candidate, political animal.
political contribution, campaign contribution; political action
committee, PAC.
political district, electoral division, electoral district,
bailiwick.
electorate, constituents.
get-out-the-vote campaign, political education.
negative campaigning, dirty politics, smear campaign.
[unsuccessful candidate] also-ran, loser; has-been.
[successful candidate] office holder, official, occupant of a
position; public servant, incumbent; winner.
V. run for office, stand for office; campaign, stump; throw one's hat
in the ring; announce one's candidacy.
Adj. political, partisan.
Phr. Money is the mother's milk of politics [Tip O'Neill].
738. [Absence of authority] Laxity — N. laxity; laxness, looseness,
slackness; toleration &c (lenity) 740; freedom &c 748.
anarchy, interregnum; relaxation; loosening &c v.; remission; dead
letter, brutum fulmen [Lat.], misrule; license, licentiousness;
insubordination &c (disobedience) 742; lynch law &c (illegality) 964;
nihilism, reign of violence.
[Deprivation of power] dethronement, deposition, usurpation,
abdication.
V. be lax &c adj.; laisser faire [Fr.], laisser aller [Fr.]; hold a
loose rein; give the reins to, give rope enough, give a loose to;
tolerate; relax; misrule.
go beyond the length of one's tether; have one's swing, have one's
fling; act without instructions, act without authority, act outside of
one's authority; act on one's own responsibility, usurp authority.
dethrone, depose; abdicate.
Adj. lax, loose; slack; remiss &c (careless) 460; weak.
relaxed; licensed; reinless†, unbridled; anarchical; unauthorized
&c (unwarranted) 925; adespotic†.
739. Severity — N. severity; strictness, harshness &c adj.; rigor,
stringency, austerity; inclemency &c (pitilessness) 914.1; arrogance &c
885; precisianism†.
arbitrary power; absolutism, despotism; dictatorship, autocracy,
tyranny, domineering, oppression; assumption, usurpation; inquisition,
reign of terror, martial law; iron heel, iron rule, iron hand, iron
sway; tight grasp; brute force, brute strength; coercion &c 744; strong
hand, tight hand.
hard lines, hard measure; tender mercies [Iron.]; sharp practice;
pipe-clay, officialism.
tyrant, disciplinarian, precisian†, martinet, stickler, bashaw†,
despot, hard master, Draco, oppressor, inquisitor, extortioner, harpy,
vulture; accipitres†, birds of prey, raptorials†, raptors†.
V. be severe &c adj.. assume, usurp, arrogate, take liberties;
domineer, bully &c 885; tyrannize, inflict, wreak, stretch a point, put
on the screw; be hard upon; bear a heavy hand on, lay a heavy hand on;
be down upon, come down upon; ill treat; deal hardly with, deal hard
measure to; rule with a rod of iron, chastise with scorpions; dye with
blood; oppress, override; trample under foot; tread under foot, tread
upon, trample upon, tread down upon, trample down upon; crush under an
iron heel, ride roughshod over; rivet the yoke; hold a tight hand, keep
a tight hand; force down the throat; coerce &c 744; give no quarter &c
(pitiless) 914.1.
Adj. severe; strict, hard, harsh, dour, rigid, stiff, stern, rigorous,
uncompromising, exacting, exigent, exigeant†, inexorable, inflexible,
obdurate, austere, hard-headed, hard-nosed, hard-shell [U.S.],
relentless, Spartan, Draconian, stringent, strait-laced, searching,
unsparing, iron-handed, peremptory, absolute, positive, arbitrary,
imperative; coercive &c 744; tyrannical, extortionate, grinding,
withering, oppressive, inquisitorial; inclement &c (ruthless) 914.1;
cruel &c (malevolent) 907; haughty, arrogant &c 885; precisian†.
Adv. severely &c adj.; with a high hand, with a strong hand, with a
tight hand, with a heavy hand.
at the point of the sword, at the point of the bayonet.
Phr. Delirant reges plectuntur Achivi [Lat.]; manu forti [Lat.]; ogni
debole ha sempre il suo tiranno [It].
740. Lenity — N. lenity, lenience, leniency; moderation &c 174;
tolerance, toleration; mildness, gentleness; favor, indulgence,
indulgency†; clemency, mercy, forbearance, quarter; compassion &c 914.
V. be lenient &c adj.; tolerate, bear with; parcere subjectis [Lat.],
give quarter.
indulge, allow one to have his own way, spoil.
Adj. lenient; mild, mild as milk; gentle, soft; tolerant, indulgent,
easy-going; clement &c (compassionate) 914; forbearing; long-suffering.
741. Command — N. command, order, ordinance, act, fiat, hukm†, bidding,
dictum, hest†, behest, call, beck, nod.
despatch, dispatch; message, direction, injunction, charge,
instructions; appointment, fixture.
demand, exaction, imposition, requisition, claim, reclamation,
revendication†; ultimatum &c (terms) 770; request &c 765; requirement.
dictation; dictate, mandate; caveat, decree, senatus consultum
[Lat.]; precept; prescript, rescript; writ, ordination, bull, ex
cathedra pronouncement [Lat.], edict, decretal†, dispensation,
prescription, brevet, placit†, ukase, ukaz [Rus.], firman, hatti-
sherif†, warrant, passport, mittimus, mandamus, summons, subpoena, nisi
prius [Lat.], interpellation, citation; word, word of command; mot
d'ordre [Fr.]; bugle call, trumpet call; beat of drum, tattoo; order of
the day; enactment &c (law) 963; plebiscite &c (choice) 609.
V. command, order, decree, enact, ordain, dictate, direct, give orders.
prescribe, set, appoint, mark out; set a task, prescribe a task,
impose a task; set to work, put in requisition.
bid, enjoin, charge, call upon, instruct; require at the hands of;
exact, impose, tax, task; demand; insist on &c (compel) 744.
claim, lay claim to, revendicate†, reclaim.
cite, summon; call for, send for; subpoena; beckon.
issue a command; make a requisition, issue a requisition,
promulgate a requisition, make a decree, issue a decree, promulgate a
decree, make an order, issue an order, promulgate an order &c n.; give
the word of command, give the word, give the signal; call to order;
give the law, lay down the law; assume the command &c (authority) 737;
remand.
be ordered &c; receive an order &c n..
Adj. commanding &c v.; authoritative &c 737; decretory†, decretive†,
decretal†; callable, jussive†.
Adv. in a commanding tone; by a stroke of the pen, by a dash of the
pen; by order, at beat of drum, on the first summons.
Phr. the decree is gone forth; sic volo sic jubeo [Lat.]; le Roi le
veut [Fr.]; boutez en avant [Fr.].
742. Disobedience — N. disobedience, insubordination, contumacy;
infraction, infringement; violation, noncompliance; nonobservance &c
773.
revolt, rebellion, mutiny, outbreak, rising, uprising,
insurrection, emeute [Fr.]; riot, tumult &c (disorder) 59; strike &c
(resistance) 719; barring out; defiance &c 715.
mutinousness &c adj.; mutineering†; sedition, treason; high
treason, petty treason, misprision of treason; premunire [Lat.]; lese
majeste [Fr.]; violation of law &c 964; defection, secession.
insurgent, mutineer, rebel, revolter, revolutionary, rioter,
traitor, quisling, carbonaro†, sansculottes [Fr.], red republican,
bonnet rouge, communist, Fenian, frondeur; seceder, secessionist,
runagate, renegade, brawler, anarchist, demagogue; Spartacus,
Masaniello, Wat Tyler, Jack Cade; ringleader.
V. disobey, violate, infringe; shirk; set at defiance &c (defy) 715;
set authority at naught, run riot, fly in the face of; take the law
into one's own hands; kick over the traces.
turn restive, run restive; champ the bit; strike &c (resist) 719;
rise, rise in arms; secede; mutiny, rebel.
Adj. disobedient; uncomplying, uncompliant; unsubmissive†, unruly,
ungovernable; breachy†, insubordinate, impatient of control,
incorrigible; restiff†, restive; refractory, contumacious, recusant &c
(refuse) 764; recalcitrant; resisting &c 719; lawless, mutinous,
seditions, insurgent, riotous.
unobeyed†; unbidden.
Phr. seditiosissimus quisque ignavus [Lat.] [Tacitus]; unthread the
rude eye of rebellion [King John].
743. Obedience — N. obedience; observance &c 772; compliance;
submission &c 725; subjection &c 749; nonresistance; passiveness,
resignation.
allegiance, loyalty, fealty, homage, deference, devotion;
constancy, fidelity.
submissness†, submissiveness; ductility &c (softness) 324;
obsequiousness &c (servility) 886.
V. be obedient &c adj.; obey, bear obedience to; submit &c 725; comply,
answer the helm, come at one's call; do one's bidding, do what one is
told, do suit and service; attend to orders, serve faithfully.
follow the lead of, follow to the world's end; serve &c 746; play
second fiddle.
Adj. obedient; complying, compliant; loyal, faithful, devoted; at one's
call, at one's command, at one's orders, at one's beck and call; under
beck and call, under control.
restrainable; resigned, passive; submissive &c 725; henpecked;
pliant &c (soft) 324.
unresisted†.
Adv. obediently &c adj.; in compliance with, in obedience to.
Phr. to hear is to obey; as you please, if you please; your wish is my
command; as you wish; no sooner said than done.
744. Compulsion — N. compulsion, coercion, coaction†, constraint,
duress, enforcement, press, conscription.
force; brute force, main force, physical force; the sword, ultima
ratio [Lat.]; club law, lynch law, mob law, arguementum baculinum†, le
droit du plus fort [Fr.], martial law.
restraint &c 751; necessity &c 601; force majeure [Fr.]; Hobson's
choice.
V. compel, force, make, drive, coerce, constrain, enforce, necessitate,
oblige.
force upon, press; cram down the throat, thrust down the throat,
force down the throat; say it must be done, make a point of, insist
upon, take no denial; put down, dragoon.
extort, wring from; squeeze, put on the squeeze; put on the
screws, turn on the screw; drag into; bind, bind over; pin down, tie
down; require, tax, put in force; commandeer; restrain &c 751.
Adj. compelling &c v.; coercive, coactive†; inexorable &c 739;
compulsory, compulsatory†; obligatory, stringent, peremptory.
forcible, not to be trifled with; irresistible &c 601; compelled
&c v.; fain to.
Adv. by force &c n., by force of arms; on compulsion, perforce; vi et
armis [Lat.], under the lash; at the point of the sword, at the point
of the bayonet; forcibly; by a strong arm.
under protest, in spite of one's teeth; against one's will &c 603;
nolens volens &c (of necessity) 601 [Lat.]; by stress of circumstances,
by stress of weather; under press of; de rigueur.
with a gun to one's head.
Phr. I'll make him an offer he can't refuse.
745. Master — N. master, padrone; lord, lord paramount; commander,
commandant; captain; chief, chieftain; sirdar†, sachem, sheik, head,
senior, governor, ruler, dictator; leader &c (director) 694; boss,
cockarouse†, sagamore, werowance†.
lord of the ascendant; cock of the walk, cock of the roost; gray
mare; mistress.
potentate; liege, liege lord; suzerain, sovereign, monarch,
autocrat, despot, tyrant, oligarch.
crowned head, emperor, king, anointed king, majesty, imperator
[Lat.], protector, president, stadholder†, judge.
ceasar, kaiser, czar, tsar, sultan, soldan†, grand Turk, caliph,
imaum†, shah, padishah†, sophi†, mogul, great mogul, khan, lama, tycoon,
mikado, tenno [Jap.], inca, cazique†; voivode†; landamman†; seyyid†;
Abuna†, cacique†, czarowitz†, grand seignior.
prince, duke &c (nobility) 875; archduke, doge, elector; seignior;
marland†, margrave; rajah, emir, wali, sheik nizam†, nawab.
empress, queen, sultana, czarina, princess, infanta, duchess,
margravine†; czarevna†, czarita†; maharani, rani, rectrix†.
regent, viceroy, exarch†, palatine, khedive, hospodar†, beglerbeg†,
three-tailed bashaw†, pasha, bashaw†, bey, beg, dey†, scherif†, tetrarch,
satrap, mandarin, subahdar†, nabob, maharajah; burgrave†; laird &c
(proprietor) 779; collector, commissioner, deputy commissioner, woon†.
the authorities, the powers that be, the government; staff, etat
major [Fr.], aga†, official, man in office, person in authority;
sircar†, sirkar†, Sublime Porte.
[Military authorities] marshal, field marshal, marechal†; general,
generalissimo; commander in chief, seraskier†, hetman†; lieutenant
general, major general; colonel, lieutenant colonel, major, captain,
centurion, skipper, lieutenant, first lieutenant, second lieutenant,
sublieutenant, officer, staff officer, aide-de-camp, brigadier, brigade
major, adjutant, jemidar†, ensign, cornet, cadet, subaltern,
noncommissioned officer, warrant officer; sergeant, sergeant major;
color sergeant; corporal, corporal major; lance corporal, acting
corporal; drum major; captain general, dizdar†, knight marshal, naik†,
pendragon.
[Civil authorities] mayor, mayoralty; prefect, chancellor, archon,
provost, magistrate, syndic; alcalde†, alcaid†; burgomaster, corregidor†,
seneschal, alderman, councilman, committeeman, councilwoman, warden,
constable, portreeve†; lord mayor; officer &c (executive) 965; dewan†,
fonctionnaire [Fr.].
[Naval authorities] admiral, admiralty; rear admiral, vice
admiral, port admiral; commodore, captain, commander, lieutenant,
ensign, skipper, mate, master, officer of the day, OD; navarch†.
Phr. da locum melioribus [Lat.]; der Furst ist der erste Diener seines
Staats [G.], the prince is the first servant of his state; lord of thy
presence and no land beside [King John].
746. Servant — N. subject, liegeman†; servant, retainer, follower,
henchman, servitor, domestic, menial, help, lady help, employe,
attache; official.
retinue, suite, cortege, staff, court.
attendant, squire, usher, page, donzel†, footboy†; train bearer,
cup bearer; waiter, lapster†, butler, livery servant, lackey, footman,
flunky, flunkey, valet, valet de chambre [Fr.]; equerry, groom; jockey,
hostler, ostler†, tiger, orderly, messenger, cad, gillie†, herdsman,
swineherd; barkeeper, bartender; bell boy, boots, boy, counterjumper†;
khansamah†, khansaman†; khitmutgar†; yardman.
bailiff, castellan†, seneschal, chamberlain, major-domo†, groom of
the chambers.
secretary; under secretary, assistant secretary; clerk;
subsidiary; agent &c 758; subaltern; underling, understrapper; man.
maid, maidservant; handmaid; confidente [Fr.], lady's maid,
abigail, soubrette; amah†, biddy, nurse, bonne [Fr.], ayah†; nursemaid,
nursery maid, house maid, parlor maid, waiting maid, chamber maid,
kitchen maid, scullery maid; femme de chambre [Fr.], femme fille [Fr.];
camarista†; chef de cuisine, cordon bleu [Fr.], cook, scullion,
Cinderella; potwalloper†; maid of all work, servant of all work;
laundress, bedmaker†; journeyman, charwoman &c (worker) 690; bearer,
chokra†, gyp (Cambridge), hamal†, scout (Oxford).
serf, vassal, slave, negro, helot; bondsman, bondswoman†;
bondslave†; ame damnee [Fr.], odalisque, ryot†, adscriptus gleboe
[Lat.]; villian†, villein; beadsman†, bedesman†; sizar†; pensioner,
pensionary†; client; dependant, dependent; hanger on, satellite;
parasite &c (servility) 886; led captain; protege [Fr.], ward,
hireling, mercenary, puppet, tool, creature.
badge of slavery; bonds &c 752.
V. serve; wait upon, attend upon, dance attendance upon, pin oneself
upon; squire, tend, hang on the sleeve of; chore [U.S.].
Adj. in the train of; in one's pay, in one's employ; at one's call &c
(obedient) 743; in bonds.
747. [Insignia of authority.] Scepter — N. scepter, regalia, caduceus;
Mercury's rod, Mercury's staff, Mercury's wand; rod of empire, mace,
fasces†, wand; staff, staff of office; baton, truncheon; flag &c
(insignia) 550; ensign of authority, emblem of authority, badge of
authority, insignia of authority.
throne, chair, musnud†, divan, dais, woolsack†.
toga, pall, mantle, robes of state, ermine, purple.
crown, coronet, diadem, tiara, cap of maintenance; decoration;
title &c 877; portfolio.
key, signet, seals, talisman; helm; reins &c (means of restraint)
752.
748. Freedom — N. freedom, liberty, independence; license &c
(permission) 760; facility &c 705.
scope, range, latitude, play; free play, full play, free scope,
full scope; free stage and no favor; swing, full swing, elbowroom,
margin, rope, wide berth; Liberty Hall.
franchise, denization†; free man, freed man, livery man; denizen.
autonomy, self-government, liberalism, free trade; noninterference
&c 706; Monroe Doctrine [U.S.].
immunity, exemption; emancipation &c (liberation) 750;
enfranchisement, affranchisement†.
free land, freehold; allodium†; frankalmoigne [Fr.], mortmain
[Fr.].
bushwhacker; freelance, free thinker, free trader; independent.
V. be free &c adj.; have scope &c n., have the run of, have one's own
way, have a will of one's own, have one's fling; do what one likes, do
what one wishes, do what one pleases, do what one chooses; go at large,
feel at home, paddle one's own canoe; stand on one's legs, stand on
one's rights; shift for oneself.
take a liberty; make free with, make oneself quite at home; use a
freedom; take leave, take French leave.
set free &c (liberate) 750; give a loose to &c (permit) 760; allow
scope &c n.. to, give scope &c n.. to; give a horse his head.
make free of; give the freedom of, give the franchise;
enfranchise, affranchise†.
laisser faire [Fr.], laisser aller [Fr.]; live and let live; leave
to oneself; leave alone, let alone.
Adj. free, free as air; out of harness, independent, at large, loose,
scot-free; left alone, left to oneself.
in full swing; uncaught, unconstrained, unbuttoned, unconfined,
unrestrained, unchecked, unprevented†, unhindered, unobstructed,
unbound, uncontrolled, untrammeled.
unsubject†, ungoverned, unenslaved†, unenthralled†, unchained,
unshackled, unfettered, unreined†, unbridled, uncurbed, unmuzzled.
unrestricted, unlimited, unmitigated, unconditional; absolute;
discretionary &c (optional) 600.
unassailed, unforced, uncompelled.
unbiassed†, spontaneous.
free and easy; at ease, at one's ease; degage [Fr.], quite at
home; wanton, rampant, irrepressible, unvanquished†.
exempt; freed &c 750; freeborn; autonomous, freehold, allodial†;
gratis &c 815; eleutherian†.
unclaimed, going a begging.
Adv. freely &c adj.; ad libitum &c (at will) 600.
Phr. ubi libertas ibi patria [Lat.]; free white and twenty-one.
749. Subjection — N. subjection; dependence, dependency;
subordination; thrall, thralldom, thraldom, enthrallment, subjugation,
bondage, serfdom; feudalism, feudality†; vassalage, villenage; slavery,
enslavement, involuntary servitude; conquest.
service; servitude, servitorship†; tendence†, employ, tutelage,
clientship†; liability &c 177; constraint &c 751; oppression &c
(severity) 739; yoke &c (means of restraint) 752; submission &c 725;
obedience &c 743.
V. be subject &c adj.; be at the mercy of, lie at the mercy of; depend
upon, lean upon, hang upon; fall a prey to, fall under; play second
fiddle.
be a mere machine, be a puppet, be a football; not dare to say
one's soul is his own; drag a chain.
serve &c 746; obey &c 743; submit &c 725.
break in, tame; subject, subjugate; master &c 731; tread down,
tread under foot; weigh down; drag at one's chariot wheels; reduce to
subjection, reduce to slavery; enthrall, inthrall†, bethrall†; enslave,
lead captive; take into custody &c (restrain) 751; rule &c 737; drive
into a corner, hold at the sword's point; keep under; hold in bondage,
hold in leading strings, hold in swaddling clothes.
Adj. subject, dependent, subordinate; feudal, feudatory; in subjection
to, under control; in leading strings, in harness; subjected, enslaved
&c v.; constrained &c 751; downtrodden; overborne, overwhelmed; under
the lash, on the hip, led by the nose, henpecked; the puppet of, the
sport of, the plaything of; under one's orders, under one's command,
under one's thumb; a slave to; at the mercy of; in the power of, in the
hands of, in the clutches of; at the feet of; at one's beck and call &c
(obedient) 743; liable &c 177; parasitical; stipendiary.
Adv. under.
Phr. slaves - in a land of light and law [Whittier].
750. Liberation — N. liberation, disengagement, release, enlargement,
emancipation; disenthrallment†, disenthralment†; affranchisement†,
enfranchisement; manumission; discharge, dismissal.
deliverance &c 672; redemption, extrication, acquittance,
absolution; acquittal &c 970; escape &c 671.
V. liberate, free; set free, set clear, set at liberty; render free,
emancipate, release; enfranchise, affranchise†; manumit; enlarge;
disband, discharge, disenthrall, disenthral, dismiss; let go, let
loose, loose, let out, let slip; cast adrift, turn adrift; deliver &c
672; absolve &c (acquit) 970.
unfetter &c 751, untie &c 43; loose &c (disjoin) 44; loosen,
relax; unbolt, unbar, unclose, uncork, unclog, unhand, unbind, unchain,
unharness, unleash; disengage, disentangle; clear, extricate, unloose.
gain one's liberty, obtain one's liberty, acquire one's liberty &c
748; get rid of, get clear of; deliver oneself from; shake off the
yoke, slip the collar; break loose, break prison; tear asunder one's
bonds, cast off trammels; escape &c 671.
Adj. liberated &c v.; out of harness &c (free) 748.
Int. unhand me!, let me go!,
751. Restraint — N. restraint; hindrance &c 706; coercion &c
(compulsion) 744; cohibition†, constraint, repression, suppression;
discipline, control.
confinement; durance, duress; imprisonment; incarceration,
coarctation†, entombment, mancipation†, durance vile, limbo, captivity;
blockade.
arrest, arrestation†; custody, keep, care, charge, ward,
restringency†.
curb &c (means of restraint) 752; lettres de cachet [Fr.].
limitation, restriction, protection, monopoly; prohibition &c 761.
prisoner &c 754; repressionist†.
V. restrain, check; put under restraint, lay under restraint; enthral,
enthrall, inthral†, inthrall†, bethral†, bethrall†; restrict; debar &c
(hinder) 706; constrain; coerce &c (compel) 744; curb, control; hold
back, hold from, hold in, hold in check, hold within bounds, keep back,
keep from, keep in, keep in check, keep within bounds; hold in leash,
hold in leading strings; withhold.
keep under; repress, suppress; smother; pull in, rein in; hold,
hold fast; keep a tight hand on; prohibit &c 761; inhibit, cohibit†.
enchain; fasten &c (join) 43; fetter, shackle; entrammel†; bridle,
muzzle, hopple†, gag, pinion, manacle, handcuff, tie one's hands,
hobble, bind hand and foot; swathe, swaddle; pin down, tether; picket;
tie down, tie up; secure; forge fetters; disable, hamstring
(incapacitate) 158.
confine; shut up, shut in; clap up, lock up, box up, mew up,
bottle up, cork up, seal up, button up; hem in, bolt in, wall in, rail
in; impound, pen, coop; inclose &c (circumscribe) 229; cage; incage†,
encage†; close the door upon, cloister; imprison, immure; incarcerate,
entomb; clap under hatches, lay under hatches; put in irons, put in a
strait-waistcoat; throw into prison, cast into prison; put into
bilboes.
arrest; take up, take charge of, take into custody; take prisoner,
take captive, make prisoner, make captive; captivate; lead captive,
lead into captivity; send to prison, commit to prison; commit; give in
charge, give in custody; subjugate &c 749.
Adj. restrained, constrained; imprisoned &c v.; pent up; jammed in,
wedged in; under lock and key, under restraint, under hatches; in
swaddling clothes; on parole; in custody, doing time &c (prisoner) 754;
cohibitive†; coactive &c (compulsory) 744 [Obs.].
stiff, restringent†, strait-laced, hidebound, barkbound†.
ice bound, wind bound, weather bound; cabined cribbed confined
[Macbeth]; in Lob's pound, laid by the heels.
752. [Means of restraint.] Prison — N. prison, prison house; jail,
gaol, cage, coop, den, cell; stronghold, fortress, keep, donjon,
dungeon, Bastille, oubliette, bridewell†, house of correction, hulks,
tollbooth, panopticon†, penitentiary, guardroom, lockup, hold; round
house, watch house, station house, sponging house; station; house of
detention, black hole, pen, fold, pound; inclosure &c 232; isolation
(exclusion) 893; penal settlement, penal colony; bilboes, stocks,
limbo, quod [Lat.]; calaboose, chauki†, choky†, thana†; workhouse [U.S.].
Newgate, Fleet, Marshalsea; King's Bench, Queen's Bench.
bond; bandage; irons, pinion, gyve, fetter, shackle, trammel,
manacle, handcuff, straight jacket, strait jacket, strait-jacket,
strait-waistcoat, hopples†; vice, vise.
yoke, collar, halter, harness; muzzle, gag, bit, brake, curb,
snaffle, bridle; rein, reins; bearing rein; martingale; leading string;
tether, picket, band, guy, chain; cord &c (fastening) 45; cavesson†,
hackamore [U.S.], headstall, jaquima [U.S.], lines, ribbons.
bolt, deadbolt, bar, lock, police lock, combination lock, padlock,
rail, wall, stone wall; paling, palisade; fence, picket fence, barbed
wire fence, Cyclone fence, stockade fence, chain-link fence; barrier,
barricade.
drag &c (hindrance) 706.
753. Keeper — N. keeper, custodian, custos [Lat.], ranger, warder,
jailer, gaoler, turnkey, castellan†, guard; watchdog, watchman; Charley;
chokidar†, durwan†, hayward†; sentry, sentinel; watch and ward;
concierge, coast guard, guarda costa [Sp.], game keeper.
escort, bodyguard.
protector, governor, duenna [Sp.]; guardian; governess &c
(teacher) 540; nurse, nanny, babysitter, catsitter, dogsitter, bonne
[Fr.], ayah†.
754. Prisoner — N. prisoner, prisoner of war, POW, captive, inmate,
detainee, hostage, abductee†, detenu [Fr.], close prisoner.
jail bird, ticket of leave man, chevronne [Fr.].
V. stand committed; be imprisoned &c 751.
take prisoner, take hostage (capture) 789.
Adj. imprisoned &c 751; in prison, in quod [Lat.], in durance vile, in
limbo, in custody, doing time, in charge, in chains; under lock and
key, under hatches; on parole.
755. [Vicarious authority.] Commission — N. commission, delegation;
consignment, assignment; procuration†; deputation, legation, mission,
embassy; agency, agentship†; power of attorney; clerkship; surrogacy.
errand, charge, brevet, diploma, exequatur [Lat.], permit &c
(permission) 760.
appointment, nomination, designation, return; charter; ordination;
installation, inauguration, investiture, swearing-in; accession,
coronation, enthronement.
vicegerency; regency, regentship.
viceroy &c 745; consignee &c 758; deputy &c 759.
[person who receives a commission] agent, delegate, consignee &c
758.
V. commission, delegate, depute; consign, assign; charge; intrust,
entrust; commit, commit to the hands of; authorize &c (permit) 760.
put in commission, accredit, engage, hire, bespeak, appoint, name,
nominate, return, ordain; install, induct, inaugurate, swear in,
invest, crown; enroll, enlist; give power of attorney to.
employ, empower; set over, place over; send out.
be commissioned, be accredited; represent, stand for; stand in the
stead of, stand in the place of, stand in the shoes of.
Adj. commissioned &c v..
Adv. per procurationem [Lat.].
756. Abrogation — N. abrogation, annulment, nullification, recision;
vacatur [Lat.]; canceling &c v.; cancel; revocation, revokement†;
repeal, rescission, defeasance.
dismissal, conge [Fr.], demission†; bounce [U.S.]; deposal,
deposition; dethronement; disestablishment, disendowment†;
deconsecration; sack [Slang], walking papers, pink slip, walking
ticket; yellow cover [Slang].
abolition, abolishment; dissolution.
counter order, countermand; repudiation, retraction, retractation†;
recantation &c (tergiversation) 607; abolitionist.
V. abrogate, annul, cancel; destroy &c 162; abolish; revoke, repeal,
rescind, reverse, retract, recall; abolitionize†; overrule, override;
set aside; disannul, dissolve, quash, nullify, declare null and void;
disestablish, disendow†; deconsecrate.
disclaim &c (deny) 536; ignore, repudiate; recant &c 607; divest
oneself, break off.
countermand, counter order; do away with; sweep away, brush away;
throw overboard, throw to the dogs; scatter to the winds, cast behind.
dismiss, discard; cast off, turn off, cast out, cast adrift, cast
out of doors, cast aside, cast away; send off, send away, send packing,
send about one's business; discharge, get rid of &c (eject) 297; bounce
[U.S.]; fire [Slang], fire out [Slang]; sack [Slang].
cashier; break; oust; unseat, unsaddle; unthrone†, dethrone,
disenthrone†; depose, uncrown†; unfrock, strike off the roll; disbar,
disbench†.
be abrogated &c; receive its quietus; walk the plank.
Adj. abrogated &c v.; functus officio [Lat.].
Int. get along with you!, begone!, go about your business!, away with!,
757. Resignation — N. resignation, retirement, abdication,
renunciation, abjuration; abandonment, relinquishment.
V. resign; give up, throw up; lay down, throw up the cards, wash one's
hands of, abjure, renounce, forego, disclaim, retract; deny &c 536.
abrogate &c 756; desert &c (relinquish) 624; get rid of &c 782.
abdicate; vacate, vacate one's seat; accept the stewardship of the
Chiltern Hundreds; retire; tender one's resignation.
Adj. abdicant†.
Phr. Othello's occupation's gone [Othello].
758. Consignee — N. consignee, trustee, nominee, committee.
agent, delegate; commissary, commissioner; emissary, envoy,
commissionaire [Fr.]; messenger &c 534.
diplomatist, diplomat, diplomate, corps diplomatique [Fr.],
embassy; ambassador, embassador†; representative, resident, consul,
legate, nuncio, internuncio†, charge d'affaires [Fr.], attache.
vicegerent &c (deputy) 759; plenipotentiary.
functionary, placeman†, curator; treasurer &c 801; factor, bailiff,
clerk, secretary, attorney, advocate, solicitor, proctor, broker,
underwriter, commission agent, auctioneer, one's man of business;
factotum &c (director) 694; caretaker; dalal†, dubash†, garnishee,
gomashta†.
negotiator, go-between; middleman; under agent, employe; servant
&c 746; referee, arbitrator &c (judge) 967.
traveler, bagman, commis-voyageur [Fr.], touter†, commercial
traveler, drummer [U.S.], traveling man.
newspaper correspondent, own correspondent, special correspondent.
759. Deputy — N. deputy, substitute, vice, proxy, locum tenens, badli†,
delegate, representative, next friend, surrogate, secondary.
regent, viceregent†, vizier, minister, vicar; premier &c (director)
694; chancellor, prefect, provost, warden, lieutenant, archon, consul,
proconsul; viceroy &c (governor) 745; commissioner &c 758; Tsung-li
Yamen, Wai Wu Pu; plenipotentiary, alter ego.
team, eight, eleven; champion.
V. be deputy &c n.; stand for, appear for, hold a brief for, answer
for; represent; stand in the shoes of, walk in the shoes of; stand in
the stead of.
ablegate†, accredit.
Adj. acting, vice, vice regal; accredited to.
Adv. in behalf of.
SECTION II.
SPECIAL INTERSOCIAL VOLITION
760. Permission — N. permission, leave; allowance, sufferance;
tolerance, toleration; liberty, law, license, concession, grace;
indulgence &c (lenity) 740; favor, dispensation, exemption, release;
connivance; vouchsafement†.
authorization, warranty, accordance, admission.
permit, warrant, brevet, precept, sanction, authority, firman;
hukm†; pass, passport; furlough, license, carte blanche [Fr.], ticket of
leave; grant, charter; patent, letters patent.
V. permit; give permission &c n., give power; let, allow, admit;
suffer, bear with, tolerate, recognize; concede &c 762; accord,
vouchsafe, favor, humor, gratify, indulge, stretch a point; wink at,
connive at; shut one's eyes to.
grant, empower, charter, enfranchise, privilege, confer a
privilege, license, authorize, warrant; sanction; intrust &c
(commission) 755.
give carte blanche [Fr.], give the reins to, give scope to &c
(freedom) 748; leave alone, leave it to one, leave the door open; open
the door to, open the flood gates; give a loose to.
let off; absolve &c (acquit) 970; release, exonerate, dispense
with.
ask permission, beg permission, request permission, ask leave, beg
leave, request leave.
Adj. permitting &c v.; permissive, indulgent; permitted &c v.; patent,
chartered, permissible, allowable, lawful, legitimate, legal; legalized
&c (law) 963; licit; unforbid†, unforbidden†; unconditional.
Adv. by leave, with leave, on leave &c n.; speciali gratia [It]; under
favor of; pace; ad libitum &c (freely) 748, (at will) 600; by all means
&c (willingly) 602; yes &c (assent) 488.
Phr. avec permissin [Fr.]; brevet d'invention [Fr.].
761. Prohibition — N. prohibition, inhibition; veto, disallowance;
interdict, interdiction; injunction, estoppel [Law]; embargo, ban,
taboo, proscription; index expurgatorius [Lat.]; restriction &c
(restraint) 751; hindrance &c 706; forbidden fruit; Maine law [U.S.].
V. prohibit, inhibit; forbid, put one's veto upon, disallow, enjoin,
ban, outlaw, taboo, proscribe, estop [Law]; bar; debar &c (hinder) 706,
forefend.
keep in, keep within bounds; restrain &c 751; cohibit†, withhold,
limit, circumscribe, clip the wings of, restrict; interdict, taboo; put
under an interdiction, place under an interdiction; put under the ban,
place under the ban; proscribe; exclude, shut out; shut the door, bolt
the door, show the door; warn off; dash the cup from one's lips; forbid
the banns.
Adj. prohibitive, prohibitory; proscriptive; restrictive, exclusive;
forbidding &c v.. prohibited &c v.; not permitted &c 760; unlicensed,
contraband, impermissible, under the ban of; illegal &c 964;
unauthorized, not to be thought of, uncountenanced, unthinkable, beyond
the pale.
Adv. on no account &c (no) 536.
Int. forbid it heaven!, &c (deprecation) 766.
hands off!, keep off!, hold!, stop!, desist!, cease and desist!,
avast!,
Phr. that will never do; don't you dare; forget it; don't even think
about doing it; go ahead; make my day [Dirty Harry] [Iron.].
762. Consent — N. consent; assent &c 488; acquiescence; approval &c
931; compliance, agreement, concession; yieldance†, yieldingness†;
accession, acknowledgment, acceptance, agnition†.
settlement, ratification, confirmation, adjustment.
permit &c (permission) 760; promise &c 768.
V. consent; assent &c 488; yield assent, admit, allow, concede, grant,
yield; come round, come over; give into, acknowledge, agnize†, give
consent, comply with, acquiesce, agree to, fall in with, accede,
accept, embrace an offer, close with, take at one's word, have no
objection.
satisfy, meet one's wishes, settle, come to terms &c 488; not
refuse &c 764; turn a willing ear &c (willingness) 602; jump at; deign,
vouchsafe; promise &c 768.
Adj. consenting &c v.; squeezable; agreed &c (assent) 488;
unconditional.
Adv. OK, yes &c (assent) 488; by all means &c (willingly) 602; no
problem; if you please, as you please; be it so, so be it, well and
good, of course; please do; don't hesitate.
Phr. chi tace accousente [It].
763. Offer — N. offer, proffer, presentation, tender, bid, overture;
proposal, proposition; motion, invitation; candidature; offering &c
(gift) 784.
V. offer, proffer, present, tender; bid; propose, move; make a motion,
make advances; start; invite, hold out, place in one's way, put
forward.
hawk about; offer for sale &c 796; press &c (request) 765; lay at
one's feet.
offer oneself, present oneself; volunteer, come forward, be a
candidate; stand for, bid for; seek; be at one's service; go a begging;
bribe &c (give) 784.
Adj. offering, offered &c v.; in the market, for sale, to let,
disengaged, on hire.
764. Refusal — N. refusal, rejection; noncompliance, incompliance†;
denial; declining &c v.; declension; declinature†; peremptory refusal,
flat refusal, point blank refusal; repulse, rebuff; discountenance.
recusancy, abnegation, protest, disclaimer; dissent &c 489;
revocation &c 756.
V. refuse, reject, deny, decline, turn down; nill, negative; refuse
one's assent, withhold one's assent; shake the head; close the hand,
close the purse; grudge, begrudge, be slow to, hang fire; pass (at
cards).
be deaf to; dismiss, turn a deaf ear to, turn one's back upon; set
one's face against, discountenance, not hear of, have nothing to do
with, wash one's hands of, stand aloof, forswear, set aside, cast
behind one; not yield an inch &c (obstinacy) 606.
resist, cross; not grant &c 762; repel, repulse, shut the door in
one's face, slam the door in one's face; rebuff; send back, send to the
right about, send away with a flea in the ear; deny oneself, not be at
home to; discard, spurn, &c (repudiate) 610; rescind &c (revoke) 756;
disclaim, protest; dissent &c 489.
Adj. refusing &c v.; restive, restiff†; recusant; uncomplying,
unconsenting; not willing to hear of, deaf to.
refused &c v.; ungranted, out of the question, not to be thought
of, impossible.
Adv. no &c 536; on no account, not for the world; no thank you, thanks
but no thanks.
Phr. non possumus [Lat.]; your humble servant [Iron.]; bien oblige
[Fr.]; not on your life [U.S.]; no way; not even if you beg on your
knees.
765. Request — N. request, requisition; claim &c (demand) 741;
petition, suit, prayer; begging letter, round robin.
motion, overture, application, canvass, address, appeal,
apostrophe; imprecation; rogation; proposal, proposition.
orison &c (worship) 990; incantation &c (spell) 993.
mendicancy; asking, begging &c v.; postulation, solicitation,
invitation, entreaty, importunity, supplication, instance, impetration†,
imploration†, obsecration†, obtestation†, invocation, interpellation.
V. request, ask; beg, crave, sue, pray, petition, solicit, invite, pop
the question, make bold to ask; beg leave, beg a boon; apply to, call
to, put to; call upon, call for; make a request, address a request,
prefer a request, put up a request, make a prayer, address a prayer,
prefer a prayer, put up a prayer, make a petition, address a petition,
prefer a petition, put up a petition; make application, make a
requisition; ask trouble, ask one for; claim &c (demand) 741; offer up
prayers &c (worship) 990; whistle for.
beg hard, entreat, beseech, plead, supplicate, implore; conjure,
adjure; obtest†; cry to, kneel to, appeal to; invoke, evoke; impetrate†,
imprecate, ply, press, urge, beset, importune, dun, tax, clamor for;
cry aloud, cry for help; fall on one's knees; throw oneself at the feet
of; come down on one's marrowbones.
beg from door to door, send the hat round, go a begging;
mendicate†, mump†, cadge, beg one's bread.
dance attendance on, besiege, knock at the door.
bespeak, canvass, tout, make interest, court; seek, bid for &c
(offer) 763; publish the banns.
Adj. requesting &c v.; precatory†; suppliant, supplicant, supplicatory;
postulant; obsecratory†.
importunate, clamorous, urgent; cap in hand; on one's knees, on
one's bended knees, on one's marrowbones.
Adv. prithee, do, please, pray; be so good as, be good enough; have the
goodness, vouchsafe, will you, I pray thee, if you please.
Int. for God's sake!, for heaven's sake!, for goodness' sake!, for
mercy's sake!,
Phr. Dieu vous garde [Fr.]; dirigenos Domine [Lat.]; would you be so
kind as to.
766. [Negative request.] Deprecation — N. deprecation, expostulation;
intercession, mediation, protest, remonstrance.
V. deprecate, protest, expostulate, enter a protest, intercede for;
remonstrate.
Adj. deprecatory, expostulatory†, intercessory, mediatorial†.
deprecated, protested.
unsought, unbesought†; unasked &c (ask) &c 765.
Int. cry you mercy!, God forbid!, forbid it Heaven!, Heaven forefend,
Heaven forbid!, far be it from!, hands off!, &c (prohibition) 761;
please don't.
767. Petitioner — N. petitioner, solicitor, applicant; suppliant,
supplicant; suitor, candidate, claimant, postulant, aspirant,
competitor, bidder; place hunter, pot hunter; prizer†; seeker.
beggar, mendicant, moocher, panhandler, freeloader, sponger,
mumper†, sturdy beggar, cadger; hotel runner, runner, steerer [U.S.],
tout, touter†.
[poor person] pauper, homeless person, hobo, bum, tramp, bindle
stiff, bo, knight of the road (poverty) 804; hippie, flower child; hard
core unemployed; welfare client, welfare case.
canvasser, bagman &c 758; salesman.
SECTION III.
CONDITIONAL INTERSOCIAL VOLITION
768. Promise — N. promise, undertaking, word, troth, plight, pledge,
parole, word of honor, vow; oath &c (affirmation) 535; profession,
assurance, warranty, guarantee, insurance, obligation; contract &c 769;
stipulation.
engagement, preengagement; affiance; betroth, betrothal,
betrothment.
V. promise; give a promise &c n.; undertake, engage; make an
engagement, form an engagement; enter into an engagement, enter on an
engagement; bind oneself, tie oneself, pledge oneself, commit oneself,
take upon oneself; vow; swear &c (affirm) 535, give one's word, pass
one's word, pledge one's word, plight one's word, give one's honor,
pass one's honor, pledge one's honor, plight one's honor, give credit,
pass credit, pledge credit, plight credit, give troth, pass troth,
pledge troth, plight troth; betroth, plight faith.
assure, warrant, guarantee; covenant &c 769; attest &c (bear
witness) 467.
hold out an expectation; contract an obligation; become bound to,
become sponsor for; answer for, be answerable for; secure; give
security &c 771; underwrite.
adjure, administer an oath, put to one's oath, swear a witness.
Adj. promising &c v.; promissory; votive; under hand and seal, upon
oath.
promised &c v.; affianced, pledged, bound; committed, compromised;
in for it.
Adv. as one's head shall answer for.
Phr. in for a penny in for a pound; ex voto [Lat.]; gage d'amour.
768a. Release from engagement — N. release &c (liberation) 750.
Adj. absolute; unconditional &c (free) 748.
769. Compact — N. compact, contract, agreement, bargain; affidation†;
pact, paction†; bond, covenant, indenture; bundobast†, deal.
stipulation, settlement, convention; compromise, cartel.
Protocol, treaty, concordat, Zollverein [G.], Sonderbund [G.],
charter, Magna Charta [Lat.], Progmatic Sanction, customs union, free
trade region; General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, GATT; most
favored nation status.
negotiation &c (bargaining) 794; diplomacy &c (mediation) 724;
negotiator &c (agent) 758.
ratification, completion, signature, seal, sigil [Lat.], signet.
V. contract, covenant, agree for; engage &c (promise) 768.
treat, negotiate, stipulate, make terms; bargain &c (barter) 794.
make a bargain, strike a bargain; come to terms, come to an
understanding; compromise &c 774; set at rest; close, close with;
conclude, complete, settle; confirm, ratify, clench, subscribe,
underwrite; endorse, indorse; put the seal to; sign, seal &c (attest)
467; indent.
take one at one's word, bargain by inch of candle.
Adj. agreed &c v.; conventional; under hand and seal.
Phr. caveat emptor.
770. Conditions — N. conditions, terms; articles, articles of
agreement; memorandum.
clauses, provisions; proviso &c (qualification) 469; covenant,
stipulation, obligation, ultimatum, sine qua non; casus foederris
[Lat.].
V. make terms, come to terms &c (contract) 769; make it a condition,
stipulate, insist upon, make a point of; bind, tie up.
Adj. conditional, provisional, guarded, fenced, hedged in.
Adv. conditionally &c (with qualification) 469; provisionally, pro re
nata [Lat.]; on condition; with a string to it.
771. Security — N. security; guaranty, guarantee; gage, warranty,
bond, tie, pledge, plight, mortgage, collateral, debenture,
hypothecation, bill of sale, lien, pawn, pignoration†; real security;
vadium†.
stake, deposit, earnest, handsel, caution.
promissory note; bill, bill of exchange; I.O.U.; personal
security, covenant, specialty; parole &c (promise) 768.
acceptance, indorsement†, signature, execution, stamp, seal.
sponsor, cosponsor, sponsion†, sponsorship; surety, bail;
mainpernor†, hostage; godchild, godfather, godmother.
recognizance; deed of indemnity, covenant of indemnity.
authentication, verification, warrant, certificate, voucher,
docket, doquet†; record &c 551; probate, attested copy.
receipt; acquittance, quittance; discharge, release.
muniment†, title deed, instrument; deed, deed poll; assurance,
indenture; charter &c (compact) 769; charter poll; paper, parchment,
settlement, will, testament, last will and testament, codicil.
V. give security, give bail, give substantial bail; go bail; pawn,
impawn†, spout, mortgage, hypothecate, impignorate†.
guarantee, warrant, warrantee, assure; accept, indorse,
underwrite, insure; cosign, countersign, sponsor, cosponsor.
execute, stamp; sign, seal &c (evidence) 467.
let, sett†; grant a lease, take a lease, hold a lease; hold in
pledge; lend on security &c 787.
Phr. bonis avibus [Lat.]; gone where the woodbine twineth.
772. Observance — N. observance, performance, compliance,
acquiescence, concurrence; obedience &c 743; fulfillment, satisfaction,
discharge; acquittance, acquittal.
adhesion, acknowledgment; fidelity &c (probity) 939; exact &c 494;
observance.
V. observe, comply with, respect, acknowledge, abide by; cling to,
adhere to, be faithful to, act up to; meet, fulfill; carry out, carry
into execution; execute, perform, keep, satisfy, discharge; do one's
office.
perform an obligation, fulfill an obligation, discharge an
obligation, acquit oneself of an obligation; make good; make good one's
word, make good one's promise, keep one's word, keep one's promise;
redeem one's pledge; keep faith with, stand to one's engagement.
Adj. observant, faithful, true, loyal; honorable &c 939; true as the
dial to the sun, true as the needle to the pole; punctual, punctilious;
literal &c (exact) 494; as good as one's word.
Adv. faithfully &c adj..
Phr. ignoscito saepe alteri nunquam tibi [Lat.]; tempori parendum
[Lat.]; to God, thy country, and thy friend be true [Vaughan].
773. Nonobservance — N. nonobservance &c 772; evasion, inobservance,
failure, omission, neglect, laches [Law], laxity, informality.
infringement, infraction; violation, transgression; piracy.
retraction, retractation†, repudiation, nullification; protest;
forfeiture.
lawlessness; disobedience &c 742; bad faith &c 940.
V. fail, neglect, omit, elude, evade, give the go-by to, set aside,
ignore; shut one's eyes to, close one's eyes to.
infringe, transgress, violate, pirate, break, trample under foot,
do violence to, drive a coach and six through.
discard, protest, repudiate, fling to the winds, set at naught,
nullify, declare null and void; cancel &c (wipe off) 552.
retract, go back from, be off, forfeit, go from one's word,
palter; stretch a point, strain a point.
Adj. violating &c v.; lawless, transgressive; elusive, evasive.
unfulfilled &c (fulfill) &c 772.
774. Compromise — N. compromise, commutation, composition; middle
term, mezzo termine [It]; compensation &c 30; abatement of differences,
adjustment, mutual concession.
V. compromise, commute, compound; take the mean; split the difference,
meet one halfway, give and take; come to terms &c (contract) 769;
submit to arbitration, abide by arbitration; patch up, bridge over,
arrange; straighten out, adjust, differences, agree; make the best of,
make a virtue of necessity; take the will for the deed.
SECTION IV.
POSSESSIVE RELATIONS
1. Property in general
775. Acquisition — N. acquisition; gaining &c v.; obtainment;
procuration†, procurement; purchase, descent, inheritance; gift &c 784.
recovery, retrieval, revendication†, replevin [Law], restitution &c
790; redemption, salvage, trover [Law].
find, trouvaille†, foundling.
gain, thrift; money-making, money grubbing; lucre, filthy lucre,
pelf; loaves and fishes, the main chance; emolument &c (remuneration)
973.
profit, earnings, winnings, innings, pickings, net profit; avails;
income &c (receipt) 810; proceeds, produce, product; outcome, output;
return, fruit, crop, harvest; second crop, aftermath; benefit &c (good)
618.
sweepstakes, trick, prize, pool; pot; wealth &c 803.
subreption [Fraudulent acquisition]; obreption†; stealing &c 791.
V. acquire, get, gain, win, earn, obtain, procure, gather; collect &c
(assemble) 72; pick, pickup; glean.
find; come upon, pitch upon, light upon; scrape up, scrape
together; get in, reap and carry, net, bag, sack, bring home, secure;
derive, draw, get in the harvest.
profit; make profit, draw profit, turn a quick profit; turn to
profit, turn to account; make capital out of, make money by; obtain a
return, reap the fruits of; reap an advantage, gain an advantage; turn
a penny, turn an honest penny; make the pot boil, bring grist to the
mill; make money, coin money, raise money; raise funds, raise the wind;
fill one's pocket &c (wealth) 803.
treasure up &c (store) 636; realize, clear; produce &c 161; take
&c 789.
get back, recover, regain, retrieve, revendicate†, replevy [Law],
redeem, come by one's own.
come by, come in for; receive &c 785; inherit; step into a
fortune, step into the shoes of; succeed to.
get hold of, get between one's finger and thumb, get into one's
hand, get at; take possession, come into possession, enter into
possession.
be profitable &c adj.; pay, answer.
accrue &c (be received) 785.
Adj. acquiring, acquired &c v.; profitable, advantageous, gainful,
remunerative, paying, lucrative.
Phr. lucri causa [Lat.].
776. Loss — N. loss; deperdition†, perdition; forfeiture, lapse.
privation, bereavement; deprivation &c (dispossession) 789;
riddance; damage, squandering, waste.
V. lose; incur a loss, experience a loss, meet with a loss; miss;
mislay, let slip, allow to slip through the fingers; be without &c
(exempt) 777.1; forfeit.
get rid of &c 782; waste &c 638.
be lost; lapse.
Adj. losing &c v.; not having &c 777.1.
shorn of, deprived of; denuded, bereaved, bereft, minus, cut off;
dispossessed &c 789; rid of, quit of; out of pocket.
lost &c v.; long lost; irretrievable &c (hopeless) 859; off one's
hands.
Int. farewell to!, adieu to.
777. Possession — N. possession, seizin [Law], seisin [Law]; ownership
&c 780; occupancy; hold, holding; tenure, tenancy, feodality†,
dependency; villenage, villeinage†; socage†, chivalry, knight service.
exclusive possession, impropriation†, monopoly, retention &c 781;
prepossession, preoccupancy†; nine points of the law; corner,
usucaption†.
future possession, heritage, inheritance, heirship, reversion,
fee, seigniority†; primogeniture, ultimogeniture†.
futures contract [right of future possession; financial
instruments], warrant, put, call, option; right of first refusal.
bird in hand, uti possidetis [Lat.], chose in possession.
V. possess, have, hold, occupy, enjoy; be possessed of &c adj.; have in
hand &c adj.; own &c 780; command.
inherit; come to, come in for.
engross, monopolize, forestall, regrate†, impropriate†, have all to
oneself; corner; have a firmhold of &c (retain) 781 [Obs.]; get into
one's hand &c (acquire) 775.
belong to, appertain to, pertain to; be in one's possession &c
adj.; vest in.
Adj. possessing &c v.; worth; possessed of, seized of, master of, in
possession of; usucapient†; endowed with, blest with, instinct with,
fraught with, laden with, charged with.
possessed &c v.; on hand, by one; in hand, in store, in stock; in
one's hands, in one's grasp, in one's possession; at one's command, at
one's disposal; one's own &c (property) 780.
unsold, unshared.
Phr. entbehre gern was du nicht hast [G.]; meum et tuum [Lat.]; tuum
est [Lat.].
777a. Exemption — N. exemption; absence &c 187; exception, immunity,
privilege, release.
V. not have &c 777; be without &c adj.; excuse.
Adj. exempt from, devoid of, without, unpossessed of†, unblest with†;
immune from.
not having &c 777; unpossessed†; untenanted &c (vacant) 187;
without an owner.
unobtained†, unacquired.
778. [Joint possession.] Participation — N. participation; cotenancy†,
joint tenancy; occupancy in common, possession in common, tenancy in
common; joint stock, common stock; co-partnership, partnership;
communion; community of possessions, community of goods; communism,
socialism; cooperation &c 709.
snacks, coportion†, picnic, hotchpot†; co-heirship, co-parceny†, co-
parcenary; gavelkind†.
participator, sharer; co-partner, partner; shareholder; co-tenant,
joint tenant; tenants in common; co-heir, co-parcener†.
communist, socialist.
V. participate, partake; share, share in; come in for a share; go
shares, go snacks, go halves; share and share alike.
have in common, possess in common, be seized in common, have as
joint tenants, possess as joint tenants, be seized as joint tenants &c
n.. join in; have a hand in &c (cooperate) 709.
Adj. partaking &c v.; communistic.
Adv. share and share alike.
779. Possessor — N. possessor, holder; occupant, occupier; tenant;
person in possession, man in possession &c 777; renter, lodger, lessee,
underlessee†; zemindar†, ryot†; tenant on sufferance, tenant at will,
tenant from year to year, tenant for years, tenant for life.
owner; proprietor, proprietress, proprietary; impropriator†,
master, mistress, lord.
land holder, land owner, landlord, land lady, slumlord; lord of
the manor, lord paramount; heritor, laird, vavasour†, landed gentry,
mesne lord†; planter.
cestui-que-trust [Fr.], beneficiary, mortgagor.
grantee, feoffee†, releasee [Law], relessee†, devisee; legatee,
legatary†.
trustee; holder of the legal estate &c; mortgagee.
right owner, rightful owner.
[Future possessor] heir presumptive, heir apparent; heiress;
inheritor, inheritress, inheritrix; reversioner†, remainderman†.
780. Property — N. property, possession, suum cuique [Lat.], meum et
tuum [Lat.].
ownership, proprietorship, lordship; seignority†; empire &c
(dominion) 737.
interest, stake, estate, right, title, claim, demand, holding;
tenure &c (possession) 777; vested interest, contingent interest,
beneficial interest, equitable interest; use, trust, benefit; legal
estate, equitable estate; seizin [Law], seisin [Law].
absolute interest, paramount estate, freehold; fee tail, fee
simple; estate in fee, estate in tail, estate tail; estate in tail
male, estate in tail female, estate in tail general.
limitation, term, lease, settlement, strict settlement, particular
estate; estate for life, estate for years, estate pur autre vie [Fr.];
remainder, reversion, expectancy, possibility.
dower, dowry, jointure†, appanage, inheritance, heritage,
patrimony, alimony; legacy &c (gift) 784; Falcidian law, paternal
estate, thirds.
assets, belongings, means, resources, circumstances; wealth &c
803; money &c 800; what one is worth, what one will cut up for; estate
and effects.
landed property, landed real estate property; realty; land, lands;
tenements; hereditaments; corporeal hereditaments, incorporeal
hereditaments; acres; ground &c (earth) 342; acquest†, messuage, toft†.
territory, state, kingdom, principality, realm, empire,
protectorate, sphere of influence.
manor, honor, domain, demesne; farm, plantation, hacienda;
allodium &c (free) 748 [Obs.]; fief, fieff†, feoff†, feud, zemindary†,
dependency; arado†, merestead†, ranch.
free lease-holds, copy lease-holds; folkland†; chattels real;
fixtures, plant, heirloom; easement; right of common, right of user.
personal property, personal estate, personal effects; personalty,
chattels, goods, effects, movables; stock, stock in trade; things,
traps, rattletraps, paraphernalia; equipage &c 633.
parcels, appurtenances.
impedimenta; luggage, baggage; bag and baggage; pelf; cargo,
lading.
rent roll; income &c (receipts) 810; maul and wedges [U.S.].
patent, copyright; chose in action; credit &c 805; debt &c 806.
V. possess &c 777; be the possessor of &c 779, own; have for one's own,
have for one's very own; come in for, inherit.
savor of the realty.
be one's property &c n.; belong to; appertain to, pertain to.
Adj. one's own; landed, predial†, manorial, allodial†; free lease-hold,
copy lease-hold; feudal, feodal†.
Adv. to one's credit, to one's account; to the good.
to one and his heirs for ever, to one and the heirs of his body,
to one and his heirs and assigns, to one and his executors
administrators and assigns.
781. Retention — N. retention; retaining &c v.; keep, detention,
custody; tenacity, firm hold, grasp, gripe, grip, iron grip.
fangs, teeth, claws, talons, nail, unguis, hook, tentacle,
tenaculum; bond &c (vinculum) 45.
clutches, tongs, forceps, pincers, nippers, pliers, vice.
paw, hand, finger, wrist, fist, neaf†, neif†.
bird in hand; captive &c 754.
V. retain, keep; hold fast one's own, hold tight one's own, hold fast
one's ground, hold tight one's ground; clinch, clench, clutch, grasp,
gripe, hug, have a firm hold of.
secure, withhold, detain; hold back, keep back; keep close;
husband &c (store) 636; reserve; have in stock, have on hand, keep in
stock &c (possess) 777; entail, tie up, settle.
Adj. retaining &c v.; retentive, tenacious.
unforfeited†, undeprived, undisposed, uncommunicated.
incommunicable, inalienable; in mortmain [Fr.]; in strict
settlement.
Phr. uti possidetis [Lat.].
782. Relinquishment — N. relinquishment, abandonment &c (of a course)
624; renunciation, expropriation†, dereliction; cession, surrender,
dispensation; quitclaim deed; resignation &c 757; riddance.
derelict &c adj.; foundling; jetsam, waif.
discards, culls, rejects; garbage, refuse, rubbish.
V. relinquish, give up, surrender, yield, cede; let go, let slip;
spare, drop, resign, forego, renounce, abandon, expropriate†, give away,
dispose of, part with; lay aside, lay apart, lay down, lay on the shelf
&c (disuse) 678; set aside, put aside, put away; make away with, cast
behind; maroon.
give notice to quit, give warning; supersede; be rid of, get rid
of, be quit of, get quit of; eject &c 297.
rid oneself of, disburden oneself of, divest oneself of,
dispossess oneself of; wash one's hands of.
discard, cast off, dismiss; cast away, throw away, pitch away,
fling away, cast aside, cast overboard, cast to the dogs, throw aside,
throw overboard, throw to the dogs, pitch aside, pitch overboard, pitch
to the dogs, fling aside, fling overboard, fling to the dogs; cast to
the winds, throw to the winds, sweep to the winds; put away, turn away,
sweep away; jettison; reject.
quit one's hold, quitclaim.
Adj. relinquished &c v.; cast off, derelict; unowned, unappropriated,
unculled; left &c (residuary) 40.
Int. away with!,
2. Transfer of Property
783. Transfer — N. transfer, conveyance, assignment, alienation,
abalienation†; demise, limitation; conveyancing†; transmission &c
(transference) 270; enfeoffment†, bargain and sale, lease and release;
exchange &c (interchange) 148; barter &c 794; substitution &c 147.
succession, reversion; shifting use, shifting trust; devolution.
V. transfer, convey; alienate, alien; assign; grant &c (confer) 784;
consign; make over, hand over; pass, hand, transmit, negotiate; hand
down; exchange &c (interchange) 148.
change hands, change hands from one to another; devolve, succeed;
come into possession &c (acquire) 775.
abalienate†; disinherit; dispossess &c 789; substitute &c 147.
Adj. alienable, negotiable.
Phr. estate coming into possession.
784. Giving — N. giving &c v.; bestowal, bestowment†, donation;
presentation, presentment; accordance; concession; delivery,
consignment, dispensation, communication, endowment; investment,
investiture; award.
almsgiving†, charity, liberality, generosity.
[Thing given] gift, donation, present, cadeau†; fairing; free gift,
boon, favor, benefaction, grant, offering, oblation, sacrifice,
immolation; lagniappe [U.S.], pilon [U.S.].
grace, act of grace, bonus.
allowance, contribution, subscription, subsidy, tribute,
subvention.
bequest, legacy, devise, will, dotation†, dot, appanage; voluntary
settlement, voluntary conveyance &c 783; amortization.
alms, largess, bounty, dole, sportule†, donative†, help, oblation,
offertory, honorarium, gratuity, Peter pence, sportula†, Christmas box,
Easter offering, vail†, douceur [Fr.], drink money, pourboire, trinkgeld
[G.], bakshish†; fee &c (recompense) 973; consideration.
bribe, bait, ground bait; peace offering, handsel; boodle [Slang],
graft, grease [Slang]; blat [Rus.].
giver, grantor &c v.; donor, feoffer†, settlor.
V. deliver, hand, pass, put into the hands of; hand over, make over,
deliver over, pass over, turn over; assign dower.
present, give away, dispense, dispose of; give out, deal out, dole
out, mete out, fork out, squeeze out.
pay &c 807; render, impart, communicate.
concede, cede, yield, part with, shed, cast; spend &c 809.
give, bestow, confer, grant, accord, award, assign.
intrust, consign, vest in.
make a present; allow, contribute, subscribe, furnish its quota.
invest, endow, settle upon; bequeath, leave, devise.
furnish, supply, help; administer to; afford, spare; accommodate
with, indulge with, favor with; shower down upon; lavish, pour on,
thrust upon.
tip, bribe; tickle the palm, grease the palm; offer &c 763;
sacrifice, immolate.
Adj. giving &c v.; given &c v.; allowed, allowable; concessional†;
communicable; charitable, eleemosynary, sportulary†, tributary; gratis
&c 815; donative†.
Phr. auctor pretiosa facit [Lat.]; ex dono [Lat.]; res est ingeniosa
dare [Lat.] [Ovid].
785. Receiving — N. receiving &c v.; acquisition &c 775; reception &c
(introduction) 296; suscipiency†, acceptance, admission.
recipient, accipient†; assignee, devisee; legatee, legatary†;
grantee, feoffee†, donee [Fr.], releasee [Law], relessee†, lessee;
receiver.
sportulary†, stipendiary; beneficiary; pensioner, pensionary†;
almsman†.
income &c (receipt) 810.
V. receive; take &c 789; acquire &c 775; admit.
take in, catch, touch; pocket; put into one's pocket, put into
one's purse; accept; take off one's hands.
be received; come in, come to hand; pass into one's hand, fall
into one's hand; go into one's pocket; fall to one's lot, fall to one's
share; come to one, fall to one; accrue; have given to one &c 784.
Adj. receiving &c v.; recipient, suscipient†.
received &c v.; given &c 784; secondhand.
not given, unbestowed &c (give), (bestow) &c 784.
786. Apportionment — N. apportionment, allotment, consignment,
assignment, appointment; appropriation; dispensation, distribution;
division, deal; repartition, partition; administration.
dividend, portion, contingent, share, allotment, fair share,
allocation, lot, measure, dose; dole, meed, pittance; quantum, ration;
ratio, proportion, quota, modicum, mess, allowance; suerte†.
V. apportion, divide; distribute, administer, dispense; billet, allot,
detail, cast, share, mete; portion out, parcel out, dole out; deal,
carve.
allocate, ration, ration out; assign; separate &c 44.
partition, assign, appropriate, appoint.
come in for one's share &c (participate) 778.
Adj. apportioning &c v.; respective.
Adv. respectively, each to each.
787. Lending — N. lending &c v.; loan, advance, accommodation,
feneration†; mortgage, second mortgage, home loan &c (security) 771;
investment; note, bond, commercial paper.
mont de piete [Fr.], pawnshop, my uncle's.
lender, pawnbroker, money lender; usurer, loan shark.
loaner (of item loaned).
V. lend, advance, accommodate with; lend on security; loan; pawn &c
(security) 771.
intrust, invest; place out to interest, put out to interest.
let, demise, lease, sett†, underlet.
Adj. lending &c v.; lent &c v.; unborrowed &c (borrowed) &c 788 [Obs.].
Adv. in advance; on loan, on security.
788. Borrowing — N. borrowing, pledging.
borrowed plumes; plagiarism &c (thieving) 791.
replevin [Law].
V. borrow, desume†.
hire, rent, farm; take a lease, take a demise; take by the hour,
take by the mile, take by the year &c; hire by the hour, hire by the
mile, hire by the year &c; adopt, apply, appropriate, imitate, make use
of, take.
raise money, take up money; raise the wind; fly a kite, borrow
from Peter to pay Paul; run into debt &c (debt) 806.
replevy [Law].
789. Taking — N. taking &c v.; reception &c (taking in) 296;
deglutition &c (taking food) 298; appropriation, prehension,
prensation†; capture, caption; apprehension, deprehension†; abreption†,
seizure, expropriation, abduction, ablation; subtraction, withdrawal &c
38; abstraction, ademption†; adrolepsy†.
dispossession; deprivation, deprivement†; bereavement; divestment;
disherison†; distraint, distress; sequestration, confiscation; eviction
&c 297.
rapacity, rapaciousness, extortion, vampirism; theft &c 791.
resumption; reprise, reprisal; recovery &c 775.
clutch, swoop, wrench; grip &c (retention) 781; haul, take, catch;
scramble.
taker, captor.
[Descent of one of the earth's crustal plates under another plate]
subduction [Geol.].
V. take, catch, hook, nab, bag, sack, pocket, put into one's pocket;
receive; accept.
reap, crop, cull, pluck; gather &c (get) 775; draw.
appropriate, expropriate, impropriate†; assume, possess oneself of;
take possession of; commandeer; lay one's hands on, clap one's hands
on; help oneself to; make free with, dip one's hands into, lay under
contribution; intercept; scramble for; deprive of.
take away, carry away, bear away, take off, carry off, bear off;
adeem†; abstract; hurry off with, run away with; abduct; steal &c 791;
ravish; seize; pounce upon, spring upon; swoop to, swoop down upon;
take by storm, take by assault; snatch, reave†.
snap up, nip up, whip up, catch up; kidnap, crimp, capture, lay
violent hands on.
get hold of, lay hold of, take hold of, catch hold of, lay fast
hold of, take firm hold of; lay by the heels, take prisoner; fasten
upon, grip, grapple, embrace, gripe, clasp, grab, clutch, collar,
throttle, take by the throat, claw, clinch, clench, make sure of.
catch at, jump at, make a grab at, snap at, snatch at; reach, make
a long arm, stretch forth one's hand.
take from, take away from; disseize†; deduct &c 38; retrench &c
(curtail) 201; dispossess, ease one of, snatch from one's grasp; tear
from, tear away from, wrench from, wrest from, wring from; extort;
deprive of, bereave; disinherit, cut off with a shilling.
oust &c (eject) 297; divest; levy, distrain, confiscate;
sequester, sequestrate; accroach†; usurp; despoil, strip, fleece, shear,
displume†, impoverish, eat out of house and home; drain, drain to the
dregs; gut, dry, exhaust, swallow up; absorb &c (suck in) 296; draw
off; suck the blood of, suck like a leech.
retake, resume; recover &c 775.
Adj. taking &c v.; privative†, prehensile; predaceous, predal†,
predatory, predatorial†; lupine, rapacious, raptorial; ravenous;
parasitic.
bereft &c 776.
Adv. at one fell swoop.
Phr. give an inch and take an ell.
790. Restitution — N. restitution, return; rendition, reddition†;
restoration; reinvestment, recuperation; rehabilitation &c
(reconstruction) 660; reparation, atonement; compensation,
indemnification.
release, replevin [Law], redemption; recovery &c (getting back)
775; remitter, reversion.
V. return, restore; give back, carry back, bring back; render, render
up; give up; let go, unclutch; disgorge, regorge†; regurgitate; recoup,
reimburse, compensate, indemnify; remit, rehabilitate; repair &c (make
good) 660.
reinvest, revest, reinstate.
redeem, recover &c (get back) 775; take back again.
revest, revert.
Adj. restoring &c v.; recuperative &c 660.
Phr. suum cuique [Lat.].