_#_Climate: tropical; hot, rainy season (November to April); cool,
dry season (May to October)
_#_Terrain: volcanic origin; low hills
_#_Natural resources: negligible
_#_Land use: arable land 5%; permanent crops 20%; meadows and pastures
0%; forest and woodland 0%; other 75%
_#_Environment: both island groups have fringing reefs
_#_Note: located 4,600 km southwest of Honolulu in the South Pacific
Ocean about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
_*_People
_#_Population: 16,590 (July 1991), growth rate 3.0% (1991)
_#_Birth rate: 28 births/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Death rate: 6 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Net migration rate: 8 migrants/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Infant mortality rate: 30 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Life expectancy at birth: 70 years male, 71 years female (1991)
_#_Total fertility rate: 3.7 children born/woman (1991)
_#_Nationality: noun--Wallisian(s), Futunan(s), or Wallis and Futuna
Islanders; adjective--Wallisian, Futunan, or Wallis and Futuna Islander
_#_Ethnic divisions: almost entirely Polynesian
_#_Religion: largely Roman Catholic
_#_Language: French, Wallisian (indigenous Polynesian language)
_#_Literacy: 50% (male 50%, female 51%) at all ages can read and write
(1969)
_#_Labor force: NA
_#_Organized labor: NA
_*_Government
_#_Long-form name: Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands
_#_Type: overseas territory of France
_#_Capital: Mata-Utu (on Ile Uvea)
_#_Administrative divisions: none (overseas territory of France)
_#_Independence: none (overseas territory of France)
_#_Constitution: 28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
_#_Legal system: French
_#_National holiday: Taking of the Bastille, 14 July (1789)
_#_Executive branch: French president, high administrator; note--there
are three traditional kings with limited powers
_#_Legislative branch: unicameral Territorial Assembly
(Assemblee Territoriale)
_#_Judicial branch: none; justice generally administered under French
law by the chief administrator, but the three traditional kings
administer customary law and there is a magistrate in Mata-Utu
_#_Leaders:
Chief of State--President Francois MITTERRAND
(since 21 May 1981);
Head of Government--Chief Administrator Roger DUMEC
(since 15 July 1988)
_#_Political parties and leaders:
Rally for the Republic (RPR);
Union Populaire Locale (UPL);
Union Pour la Democratie Francaise (UDF);
Lua kae tahi (Giscardians);
Mouvement des Radicaux de Gauche (MRG)
_#_Suffrage: universal adult at age 18
_#_Elections:
Territorial Assembly--last held 15 March 1987
(next to be held March 1992);
results--percent of vote by party NA;
seats--(20 total) RPR 7, UPL 6, UDF and Lua kae tahi 7;
French Senate--last held NA September 1989
(next to be held by September 1992);
results--percent of vote by party NA;
seats--(1 total) RPR 1;
French National Assembly--last held 12 June 1988 (next to be held
by September 1992);
results--percent of vote by party NA;
seats--(1 total) MRG 1
_#_Member of: FZ, SPC
_#_Diplomatic representation: as an overseas territory of France,
local interests are represented in the US by France
_#_Flag: the flag of France is used
_*_Economy
_#_Overview: The economy is limited to traditional subsistence
agriculture, with about 80% of the labor force earning its livelihood
from agriculture (coconuts and vegetables), livestock (mostly pigs),
and fishing. About 4% of the population is employed in government.
Revenues come from French Government subsidies, licensing of fishing
rights to Japan and South Korea, import taxes, and remittances from
expatriate workers in New Caledonia. Wallis and Futuna imports food,
fuel, clothing, machinery, and transport equipment, but its exports
are negligible, consisting of copra and handicrafts.
_#_GDP: $7.5 million, per capita $470; real growth rate NA%
(1990 est.)
_#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA%
_#_Unemployment rate: NA%
_#_Budget: revenues $2.7 million; expenditures $2.7 million,
including capital expenditures of $NA (1983)
_#_Exports: negligible;
commodities--copra, handicrafts;
partners--NA
_#_Imports: $6.9 million (c.i.f., 1983);
commodities--foodstuffs, manufactured goods, transportation
equipment, fuel;
partners--France, Australia, New Zealand
_#_External debt: $NA
_#_Industrial production: growth rate NA%
_#_Electricity: 1,200 kW capacity; 1 million kWh produced,
70 kWh per capita (1990)
_#_Industries: copra, handicrafts, fishing, lumber
_#_Agriculture: dominated by coconut production, with subsistence
crops of yams, taro, bananas, and herds of pigs and goats
_#_Economic aid: Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral
commitments (1970-88), $118 million
_#_Currency: Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (plural--francs);
1 CFP franc (CFPF) = 100 centimes
_#_Exchange rates: Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (CFPF) per
US$1--93.28 (January 1991), 99.0 (1990), 115.99 (1989), 108.30 (1988),
109.27 (1987), 125.92 (1986), 163.35 (1985); note--linked at the rate of
18.18 to the French franc
_#_Fiscal year: NA
_*_Communications
_#_Highways: 100 km on Ile Uvea, 16 km sealed; 20 km earth surface
on Ile Futuna
_#_Inland waterways: none
_#_Ports: Mata-Utu, Leava
_#_Airports: 2 total; 2 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runways;
none with runways over 2,439 m; 1 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
_#_Telecommunications: 225 telephones; stations--1 AM, no FM, no TV
_*_Defense Forces
_#_Note: defense is the responsibility of France
_%_
_@_West Bank
_#_Note: The war between Israel and the Arab states in June 1967 ended
with Israel in control of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, the Sinai,
and the Golan Heights. As stated in the 1978 Camp David Accords and
reaffirmed by President Reagan's 1 September 1982 peace initiative, the
final status of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, their relationship with
their neighbors, and a peace treaty between Israel and Jordan are to be
negotiated among the concerned parties. Camp David further specifies
that these negotiations will resolve the respective boundaries. Pending
the completion of this process, it is US policy that the final status of
the West Bank and the Gaza Strip has yet to be determined. In the view
of the US, the term West Bank describes all of the area west of the
Jordan River under Jordanian administration before the 1967
Arab-Israeli war. However, with respect to negotiations envisaged in the
framework agreement, it is US policy that a distinction must be made
between Jerusalem and the rest of the West Bank because of the city's
special status and circumstances. Therefore, a negotiated solution for
the final status of Jerusalem could be different in character from that
of the rest of the West Bank.
_*_Geography
_#_Total area: 5,860 km2; land area: 5,640 km2; includes West Bank,
East Jerusalem, Latrun Salient, Jerusalem No Man's Land, and the
northwest quarter of the Dead Sea, but excludes Mt. Scopus
_#_Comparative area: slightly larger than Delaware
_#_Land boundaries: 404 km total; Israel 307 km, Jordan 97 km;
_#_Coastline: none--landlocked
_#_Maritime claims: none--landlocked
_#_Disputes: Israeli occupied with status to be determined
_#_Climate: temperate, temperature and precipitation vary with
altitude, warm to hot summers, cool to mild winters
_#_Terrain: mostly rugged dissected upland, some vegetation in west,
but barren in east
_#_Natural resources: negligible
_#_Land use: arable land 27%, permanent crops 0%, meadows and pastures
32%, forest and woodland 1%, other 40%
_#_Environment: highlands are main recharge area for Israel's coastal
aquifers
_#_Note: landlocked; there are 175 Jewish settlements in the West Bank
and 14 Israeli-built Jewish neighborhoods in East Jerusalem
_*_People
_#_Population: 1,086,081 (July 1991), growth rate 2.6% (1991);
in addition, there are 90,000 Jewish settlers in the West Bank and
120,000 in East Jerusalem (1990 est.)
_#_Birth rate: 37 births/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Death rate: 6 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Net migration rate: - 4 migrants/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Infant mortality rate: 47 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
_#_Life expectancy at birth: 65 years male, 69 years female (1991)
_#_Total fertility rate: 4.9 children born/woman (1991)
_#_Nationality: NA
_#_Ethnic divisions: Palestinian Arab and other 88%, Jewish 12%
_#_Religion: Muslim (predominantly Sunni) 80%, Jewish 12%, Christian
and other 8%
_#_Language: Arabic, Israeli settlers speak Hebrew, English widely
understood
_#_Literacy: NA% (male NA%, female NA%)
_#_Labor force: NA; excluding Israeli Jewish settlers--small industry,
commerce, and business 29.8%, construction 24.2%, agriculture 22.4%,
service and other 23.6% (1984)
_#_Organized labor: NA
_*_Government
_#_Long-form name: none
_#_Note: The West Bank is currently governed by Israeli military
authorities and Israeli civil administration. It is US policy that the
final status of the West Bank will be determined by negotiations among
the concerned parties. These negotiations will determine how the area
is to be governed.
_*_Economy
_#_Overview: Economic progress in the West Bank has been hampered by
Israeli military occupation and the effects of the Palestinian uprising.
Industries using advanced technology or requiring sizable financial
resources have been discouraged by a lack of financial resources and
Israeli policy. Capital investment has largely gone into residential
housing, not into productive assets that could compete with Israeli
industry. A major share of GNP is derived from remittances of workers
employed in Israel and neighboring Gulf states but remittances from the
Gulf dropped dramatically in the wake of Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in
August 1990. Israeli reprisals against Palestinian unrest in the West
Bank since 1987 have pushed unemployment up and lowered living standards.
The Persian Gulf crisis of 1990-91 also dealt a blow to the economy.
Many Palestinians returned from the Gulf, exacerbating unemployment.
Export revenues have plunged because of the loss of export markets in
Jordan and the Gulf.
_#_GNP: $1.0 billion, per capita $1,000; real growth rate - 15% (1988
est.)
_#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA%
_#_Unemployment rate: 40% (1990 est.)
_#_Budget: revenues $47.4 million; expenditures $45.7 million,
including capital expenditures of NA (FY86)
_#_Exports: $150 million (f.o.b., 1988 est.); commodities--NA;
partners--Jordan, Israel
_#_Imports: $410 million (c.i.f., 1988 est.); commodities--NA;
partners--Jordan, Israel
_#_External debt: $NA
_#_Industrial production: growth rate NA%
_#_Electricity: power supplied by Israel
_#_Industries: generally small family businesses that produce cement,
textiles, soap, olive-wood carvings, and mother-of-pearl souvenirs; the
Israelis have established some small-scale modern industries in the
settlements and industrial centers
_#_Agriculture: olives, citrus and other fruits, vegetables, beef,
and dairy products
_#_Economic aid: none
_#_Currency: new Israeli shekel (plural--shekels) and Jordanian dinar
(plural--dinars); 1 new Israeli shekel (NIS) = 100 new agorot and
1 Jordanian dinar (JD) = 1,000 fils
_#_Exchange rates: new Israeli shekels (NIS) per US$1--2.35 (May
1991), 2.0161 (1990), 1.9164 (1989), 1.5989 (1988), 1.5946 (1987), 1.4878
(1986), 1.1788 (1985); Jordanian dinars (JD) per US$1--0.6670 (January
1991), 0.6636 (1990), 0.5704 (1989), 0.3709 (1988), 0.3387 (1987), 0.3499
(1986), 0.3940 (1985)
_#_Fiscal year: previously 1 April-31 March; FY91 will be
1 April-31 December and starting 1 January 1992 the fiscal year will
conform to the calendar year
_*_Communications
_#_Highways: small indigenous road network, Israelis developing
east-west axial highways
_#_Airports: 2 total, 2 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways;
none with runways over 2,439 m; 1 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
_#_Telecommunications: open-wire telephone system currently being
upgraded; stations--no AM, no FM, no TV
_*_Defense Forces
_#_Branches: NA
_#_Manpower availability: males 15-49, 257,740; NA fit for military
service
_#_Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP
_%_
_@_Western Sahara
_*_Geography
_#_Total area: 266,000 km2; land area: 266,000 km2
_#_Comparative area: slightly smaller than Colorado
_#_Land boundaries: 2,046 km total; Algeria 42 km, Mauritania
1,561 km, Morocco 443 km
_#_Coastline: 1,110 km
_#_Maritime claims: contingent upon resolution of sovereignty issue
_#_Disputes: claimed and administered by Morocco, but sovereignty is
unresolved and guerrilla fighting continues in the area
_#_Climate: hot, dry desert; rain is rare; cold offshore currents
produce fog and heavy dew
_#_Terrain: mostly low, flat desert with large areas of rocky or
sandy surfaces rising to small mountains in south and northeast
_#_Natural resources: phosphates, iron ore
_#_Land use: arable land NEGL%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and
pastures 19%; forest and woodland 0%; other 81%
_#_Environment: hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind can occur
during winter and spring; widespread harmattan haze exists 60% of time,
often severely restricting visibility; sparse water and arable land
_*_People
_#_Population: 196,737 (July 1991), growth rate 2.6% (1991)
_#_Birth rate: 48 births/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Death rate: 23 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Net migration rate: 1 migrant/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Infant mortality rate: 177 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
_#_Life expectancy at birth: 39 years male, 41 years female (1991)
_#_Total fertility rate: 7.3 children born/woman (1991)
_#_Nationality: noun--Saharan(s), Moroccan(s); adjective--Saharan,
Moroccan
_#_Ethnic divisions: Arab and Berber
_#_Religion: Muslim
_#_Language: Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic
_#_Literacy: NA% (male NA%, female NA%)
_#_Labor force: 12,000; 50% animal husbandry and subsistence farming
_#_Organized labor: NA
_*_Government
_#_Long-form name: none
_#_Type: legal status of territory and question of sovereignty
unresolved; territory contested by Morocco and Polisario Front (Popular
Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro), which
in February 1976 formally proclaimed a government in exile of the
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR); territory partitioned between
Morocco and Mauritania in April 1976, with Morocco acquiring northern
two-thirds; Mauritania, under pressure from Polisario guerrillas,
abandoned all claims to its portion in August 1979; Morocco moved to
occupy that sector shortly thereafter and has since asserted
administrative control; the Polisario's government in exile was seated as
an OAU member in 1984; guerrilla activities continue sporadically.
_#_Capital: none
_#_Administrative divisions: none (under de facto control of Morocco)
_#_Leaders: none
_#_Member of: none
_#_Diplomatic representation: none
_*_Economy
_#_Overview: Western Sahara, a territory poor in natural resources
and having little rainfall, has a per capita GDP of just a few hundred
dollars. Fishing and phosphate mining are the principal industries and
sources of income. Most of the food for the urban population must be
imported. All trade and other economic activities are controlled by the
Moroccan Government.
_#_GDP: $NA, per capita $NA; real growth rate NA%
_#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA%
_#_Unemployment rate: NA%
_#_Budget: revenues $NA; expenditures $NA, including capital
expenditures of $NA
_#_Exports: $8 million (f.o.b., 1982 est.);
commodities--phosphates 62%;
partners--Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so
trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts
_#_Imports: $30 million (c.i.f., 1982 est.);
commodities--fuel for fishing fleet, foodstuffs;
partners--Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so
trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts
_#_External debt: $NA
_#_Industrial production: growth rate NA%
_#_Electricity: 60,000 kW capacity; 79 million kWh produced,
425 kWh per capita (1989)
_#_Industries: phosphate, fishing, handicrafts
_#_Agriculture: limited largely to subsistence agriculture; some
barley is grown in nondrought years; fruit and vegetables are grown in
the few oases; food imports are essential; camels, sheep, and goats are
kept by the nomadic natives; cash economy exists largely for the garrison
forces
_#_Economic aid: NA
_#_Currency: Moroccan dirham (plural--dirhams);
1 Moroccan dirham (DH) = 100 centimes
_#_Exchange rates: Moroccan dirhams (DH) per US$1--8.071 (January
1991), 8.242 (1990), 8.488 (1989), 8.209 (1988), 8.359 (1987), 9.104
(1986), 10.062 (1985)
_#_Fiscal year: NA
_*_Communications
_#_Highways: 6,100 km total; 1,350 km surfaced, 4,750 km improved and
unimproved earth roads and tracks
_#_Ports: El Aaiun, Ad Dakhla
_#_Airports: 16 total, 14 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways;
none with runways over 3,659 m; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m;
6 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
_#_Telecommunications: sparse and limited system; tied into Morocco's
system by radio relay, tropospheric scatter, and 2 Atlantic Ocean
INTELSAT earth stations linked to Rabat, Morocco; 2,000 telephones;
stations--2 AM, no FM, 2 TV
_*_Defense Forces
_#_Branches: NA
_#_Manpower availability: NA
_#_Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP
_%_
_@_Western Samoa
_*_Geography
_#_Total area: 2,860 km2; land area: 2,850 km2
_#_Comparative area: slightly smaller than Rhode Island
_#_Land boundaries: none
_#_Coastline: 403 km
_#_Maritime claims:
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm;