_#_Disputes: short section of the boundary with The Gambia is
indefinite; the International Court of Justice (ICJ) rendered its
decision on the Guinea-Bissau/Senegal maritime boundary in favor
of Senegal--that decision has been rejected by Guinea-Bissau;
boundary with Mauritania
_#_Climate: tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (December to April) has
strong southeast winds; dry season (May to November) dominated by hot,
dry harmattan wind
_#_Terrain: generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills in
southeast
_#_Natural resources: fish, phosphates, iron ore
_#_Land use: arable land 27%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and
pastures 30%; forest and woodland 31%; other 12%; includes irrigated
1%
_#_Environment: lowlands seasonally flooded; deforestation;
overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification
_#_Note: The Gambia is almost an enclave
_*_People
_#_Population: 7,952,657 (July 1991), growth rate 3.1% (1991)
_#_Birth rate: 44 births/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Death rate: 13 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Infant mortality rate: 86 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
_#_Life expectancy at birth: 54 years male, 56 years female (1991)
_#_Total fertility rate: 6.2 children born/woman (1991)
_#_Nationality: noun--Senegalese (sing. and pl.);
adjective--Senegalese
_#_Ethnic divisions: Wolof 36%, Fulani 17%, Serer 17%, Toucouleur
9%, Diola 9%, Mandingo 9%, European and Lebanese 1%, other 2%
_#_Religion: Muslim 92%, indigenous beliefs 6%, Christian 2%
(mostly Roman Catholic)
_#_Language: French (official); Wolof, Pulaar, Diola, Mandingo
_#_Literacy: 38% (male 52%, female 25%) age 15 and over can
read and write (1990 est.)
_#_Labor force: 2,509,000; 77% subsistence agricultural workers;
175,000 wage earners--private sector 40%, government and parapublic 60%;
52% of population of working age (1985)
_#_Organized labor: majority of wage-labor force represented by
unions; however, dues-paying membership very limited; major confederation
is National Confederation of Senegalese Labor (CNTS), an affiliate of
governing party
_*_Government
_#_Long-form name: Republic of Senegal
_#_Type: republic under multiparty democratic rule
_#_Capital: Dakar
_#_Administrative divisions: 10 regions (regions,
singular--region); Dakar, Diourbel, Fatick, Kaolack, Kolda, Louga,
Saint-Louis, Tambacounda, Thies, Ziguinchor
_#_Independence: 4 April 1960 (from France); The Gambia and Senegal
signed an agreement on 12 December 1981 (effective 1 February 1982) that
called for the creation of a loose confederation to be known as
Senegambia, but the agreement was dissolved on 30 September 1989
_#_Constitution: 3 March 1963, last revised in 1984
_#_Legal system: based on French civil law system; judicial review of
legislative acts in Supreme Court, which also audits the government's
accounting office; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
_#_National holiday: Independence Day, 4 April (1960)
_#_Executive branch: president, prime minister, Council of Ministers
(cabinet)
_#_Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (Assemblee
Nationale)
_#_Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)
_#_Leaders:
Chief of State--President Abdou DIOUF (since 1 January 1981);
Head of Government--Prime Minister Habib THIAM (since 7 April
1991)
_#_Political parties and leaders:
Socialist Party (PS), President Abdou DIOUF;
Senegalese Democratic Party (PDS), Abdoulaye WADE;
13 other small uninfluential parties
_#_Suffrage: universal at age 21
_#_Elections:
President--last held 28 February 1988 (next to be held February
1993);
results--Abdou DIOUF (PS) 73%, Abdoulaye WADE (PDS) 26%, other 1%;
National Assembly--last held 28 February 1988 (next to be
held February 1993);
results--PS 71%, PDS 25%, other 4%;
seats--(120 total) PS 103, PDS 17
_#_Communists: small number of Communists and sympathizers
_#_Other political or pressure groups: students, teachers, labor,
Muslim Brotherhoods
_#_Member of: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEAO, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-77,
GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO,
INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LORCS, NAM,
OAU, OIC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIIMOG, UPU, WADB, WCL,
WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
_#_Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Ibra Deguene KA; Chancery at
2112 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone (202) 234-0540
or 0541;
US--Ambassador George E. MOOSE; Embassy on Avenue Jean XXIII at the
corner of Avenue Kleber, Dakar (mailing address is B. P. 49, Dakar);
telephone [221] 23-42-96 or 23-34-24
_#_Flag: three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and
red with a small green five-pointed star centered in the yellow band;
uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
_*_Economy
_#_Overview: The agricultural sector accounts for about 20% of GDP and
provides employment for about 75% of the labor force. About 40% of the
total cultivated land is used to grow peanuts, an important export crop.
The principal economic resource is fishing, which brought in about $200
million or about 25% of total foreign exchange earnings in 1987. Mining
is dominated by the extraction of phosphate, but production has faltered
because of reduced worldwide demand for fertilizers in recent years. Over
the past 10 years tourism has become increasingly important to the
economy.
_#_GDP: $4.6 billion, per capita $615; real growth rate 0.6% (1989)
_#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 0.4% (1989 est.)
_#_Unemployment rate: 3.5% (1987)
_#_Budget: revenues $921 million; expenditures $1,024 million;
including capital expenditures of $14 million (FY89 est.)
_#_Exports: $801 million (f.o.b., 1989 est.);
commodities--manufactures 30%, fish products 27%, peanuts 11%,
petroleum products 11%, phosphates 10%;
partners--US, France, other EC, Ivory Coast, India
_#_Imports: $1.0 billion (c.i.f., 1989 est.);
commodities--semimanufactures 30%, food 27%, durable consumer
goods 17%, petroleum 12%, capital goods 14%;
partners--US, France, other EC, Nigeria, Algeria, China, Japan
_#_External debt: $4.1 billion (1989)
_#_Industrial production: growth rate 4.7% (1989); accounts for
17% of GDP
_#_Electricity: 210,000 kW capacity; 760 million kWh produced,
100 kWh per capita (1989)
_#_Industries: fishing, agricultural processing, phosphate mining,
petroleum refining, building materials
_#_Agriculture: including fishing, accounts for 20% of GDP and more
than 75% of labor force; major products--peanuts (cash crop), millet,
corn, sorghum, rice, cotton, tomatoes, green vegetables; estimated
two-thirds self-sufficient in food; fish catch of 299,000 metric tons
in 1987
_#_Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $551
million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
(1970-88), $4.8 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $589 million;
Communist countries (1970-89), $295 million
_#_Currency: Communaute Financiere Africaine franc
(plural--francs); 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes
_#_Exchange rates: Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF)
per US$1--256.54 (January 1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85
(1988), 300.54 (1987), 346.30 (1986), 449.26 (1985)
_#_Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June
_*_Communications
_#_Railroads: 1,034 km 1.000-meter gauge; all single track except
70 km double track Dakar to Thies
_#_Highways: 14,000 km total; 3,770 km paved, 10,230 km laterite or
improved earth
_#_Inland waterways: 900 km total; 785 km on the Senegal, 115 km
on the Saloum
_#_Ports: Dakar, Kaolack
_#_Merchant marine: 3 ships (1,000 GRT and over) totaling 9,263
GRT/15,167 DWT; includes 2 cargo, 1 bulk
_#_Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft
_#_Airports: 25 total, 20 usable; 10 with permanent-surface runways;
none with runways over 3,659 m; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m;
15 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
_#_Telecommunications: above-average urban system, using radio relay
and cable; 40,200 telephones; stations--8 AM, no FM, 1 TV; 3 submarine
cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station
_*_Defense Forces
_#_Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary Gendarmerie;
Surete Nationale
_#_Manpower availability: males 15-49, 1,749,540; 913,806 fit for
military service; 91,607 reach military age (18) annually
_#_Defense expenditures: $100 million, 2% of GDP (1989 est.)
_%_
_@_Seychelles
_*_Geography
_#_Total area: 455 km2; land area: 455 km2
_#_Comparative area: slightly more than 2.5 times the size of
Washington, DC
_#_Land boundaries: none
_#_Coastline: 491 km
_#_Maritime claims:
Continental shelf: edge of continental margin or 200 nm;
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm;