JUDEA UNDER THE YOKE OF SYRIA.
The Bright Horseman—The Temple Profaned—The Image
of Jupiter—The Mother and her Seven Sons.
Antiochus the Great died, 187 B.C., and Seleucus Philopater succeeded.
It is during the reign of this monarch that some remarkable events are
said to have occurred, as related in the book of the Maccabees.
Simon, a Benjamite, having been appointed governor of the temple,
some disputes arose between him and Onias, who was high priest at the
time. Finding that he was unable to prevail against him whom the Jews
regarded as their lawful chief, Simon fled to Apollonius, the governor
of Cœle-Syria and Palestine, under King Seleucus, and informed him
that great treasures were laid up in the temple at Jerusalem. This
account, as was probably intended, excited the cupidity of the king,
and Heliodoros his treasurer was despatched to seize upon the coveted
wealth.
Heliodoros arrived at Jerusalem, and was courteously received by Onias.
The treasurer declared to him the purpose of his journey, and asked
him whether the report were true that much gold was to be found in the
temple.
Onias replied that there was indeed money laid up there for the relief
of widows and orphans, but earnestly expostulated against any attempt
to carry away from the temple the treasure committed to his trust.
Heliodoros had, however, received the positive commands of the king,
and was resolved to carry them into execution.
The high priest was in the deepest distress; and his horror and
indignation at the intended robbery and sacrilege were shared by the
priests and the people. Women, girded with sackcloth, mourned in the
streets; the priests prostrated themselves before the altar—all,
lifting up their hands, implored the Lord to keep safe and sure that
intrusted treasure which they were themselves unable to defend.
[Illustration: HELIODOROS DRIVEN FROM THE TEMPLE.]
Then, as is related, there appeared before Heliodoros[3] a horse, on
which sat a terrible rider, arrayed in bright armour of glittering
gold; and beside him glorious beings, who, with scourges, sorely
chastised the mortal who had dared to profane the sanctity of the
temple. Overpowered by the vision, Heliodoros fell to the ground, thick
darkness seemed to surround him, and he was carried, fainting and
almost dying, from the treasury which he had impiously entered.
[Illustration: ANTIOCHUS EPIPHANES.]
Seleucus was succeeded, in 175 B.C., by his brother Antiochus
Epiphanes, one of the most base and cruel tyrants that ever disgraced a
throne. As soon as he was settled in the kingdom, Jason, the unworthy
brother of Onias, by underhand means contrived not only to induce
the monarch to let him supplant his brother, but to banish Onias to
Antioch, where this good man was subsequently murdered.
Jason was now high priest, and the use which he made of his power was
such as might have been expected from his treacherous mode of obtaining
it. Honour, patriotism, religion were all sacrificed to his desire to
retain the favour of the king. He erected a gymnasium for games, after
the fashion of the Greeks, whom he sought in all things to imitate.
Jason did all in his power to induce his countrymen to abandon the
customs of their fathers, to break their covenant with God, and to
conform to the manners of the heathen. The services of the temple were
abandoned, and corruption spread amongst the people.
Retribution soon overtook the wicked Jason, and as he had meted to
another it was measured to him again. His brother Menelaus supplanted
him in the same manner that he had supplanted Onias, and succeeded to
his title and his power, more than emulating him in his impiety and
guilt.
Jason was not disposed easily to yield up his ill-acquired dignity.
Taking recourse to arms, in 171 B.C., he marched with a thousand men
against his own city, took possession of Jerusalem, drove Menelaus to
seek shelter in its castle, and committed great cruelties on such of
the citizens as he deemed the partizans of his brother.
The just chastisements of the Almighty were now descending upon his
backsliding people. Antiochus hearing of what had occurred, and deeming
that the whole Jewish nation had revolted, hastened to Jerusalem with
his forces, and slew in the devoted city no fewer than four thousand
persons. As many were sold as slaves. Conducted by the impious
Menelaus, Antiochus forced his way into the temple, plundered it of
vast treasures, and polluted the altar of God by offering on it a sow,
which was held in abomination by the Jews. Well might the miserable
descendants of Abraham think that the Almighty whom they had forsaken,
had utterly forsaken them now; that His mercy had left them for ever;
and that, after so many deliverances, they were finally given up for
their sins to destruction.
But there were yet amongst the Jews those who clung to the faith of
their fathers, and rested with earnest hope on the promises given
through the prophets. Jerusalem still was the guardian of the light of
Truth in a world that lay in darkness, and neither the powers of earth
nor hell could prevail to quench it.
[Illustration: IMAGE OF JUPITER.]
Dark and fearful, indeed, was the cloud of tribulation which rested
upon Jerusalem. Antiochus, not contented with his late fearful
cruelties, sent Apollonius, his general, to wreak yet further vengeance
on the city of David. After having slain great multitudes of the
people, and sent away ten thousand captives, Apollonius plundered the
town, set it on fire, and demolished the wall. The daily sacrifices
ceased in the temple; Jerusalem was deserted. Officers were appointed
to compel the miserable Jews to sacrifice to idols. The Samaritans
consented to receive an image of the false god Jupiter into their
temple on Mount Gerizim; and another, to the horror of all true
children of Abraham, was placed in the temple of Jerusalem!
In this period of awful trial, glorious saints and noble martyrs were
found ready rather to suffer unto death than to deny the God whom they
adored. Such a spirit of devotion as that which had supported Shadrach,
Meshach, and Abed-nego, when the fiery furnace glowed before them,
animated still the faithful servants of the Lord.
An example of noble constancy was given by Eleazar, an aged scribe, who
was urged by his persecutors to break the law of Moses. The noble old
man was scourged to death, bravely enduring to the end.
A mother and her seven sons were brought before Antiochus, and
threatened with the most fearful tortures should they disobey his
unlawful commands. One and all this devoted family preferred death to
apostasy. The mother, with refined cruelty, was made to witness the
dying agonies of her sons. Far from weakening their courage by tears
and lamentations, the Jewish matron exhorted her children to keep
faithful to their God, cheering them in that awful hour by hopes of
a joyful resurrection. Faith and strength from above supported these
glorious martyrs. One of the young men exclaimed, as he stretched forth
his hands for the torture, “These I had from Heaven, and for His laws
I despise them, and from Him I hope to receive them again!” One after
another, six of the sons closed their eyes in death, committing their
souls to their Creator. One only, the youngest, remained, and even
the tyrant appears to have been touched with some compassion for his
tender years, for he promised the youth with oaths to make him a rich
and happy man, if he would turn from the laws of his fathers. When the
young Jew refused to hearken to his offers, the king bade the mother,
already bereaved of so many children, use her endeavours to save the
last by counselling submission and obedience.
But she, strong in faith, addressed her son in the Hebrew language,
conjuring him, even by his love to her who had borne him, to endure any
amount of suffering rather than sin. “Fear not this tormentor,” she
cried; “but being worthy of thy brethren, take thy death, that I may
receive thee again in mercy with thy brethren.”
While his mother was yet speaking these words, the noble youth turned
to the executioners. “Whom wait ye for?” he exclaimed; “I will not
obey the king’s commandment, but I will obey the commandments of the
law that was given unto our fathers by Moses. And thou,” he continued,
looking at the tyrant, “shalt not escape the hands of God. For we
suffer because of our sins; and though the living God be angry with
us a little while for our chastening and correction, yet shall He be
at one with His servants. But thou, O godless man! be not lifted up
without a cause, or puffed up with uncertain hopes, lifting up thy hand
against the servants of God, for thou hast not yet escaped the judgment
of Almighty God, who seeth all things. For our brethren who now have
suffered a short pain, are dead under God’s covenant of everlasting
life; but thou, through the judgment of God, shall receive just
punishment for thy pride. But I, as my brethren, offer up my body and
life for the laws of my fathers, beseeching God that He would speedily
be merciful unto my nation.”
The tyrant, enraged at the fearless words of the youth, put him to
death by tortures more dreadful even than those that his brothers had
endured; and then the devoted mother, faithful unto death, and under a
trial more terrible than death, followed her glorious sons by the same
brief and bloody path, to the haven of eternal rest prepared for those
who, like them, count God’s service as dearer than life.
The dying prayer of the young martyr had been heard. The Lord was
preparing a deliverance for his persecuted people.
The Jews, quiet and peaceful as they had shown themselves to be under
the sway of their rulers—Assyrian, Persian, and Egyptian—had at length
been goaded beyond their power of endurance; or rather, the Almighty
having compassion on their sufferings, was pleased again, as in the
days of old, to raise up for them mighty deliverers.
CONTEMPORANEOUS EVENTS.
205-170 B.C.
B.C.
Battle of Zama 202
Sparta subdued by the Romans 194