satisfaction with the land defenses at New Orleans, 213; evacuates
the city, 217; at New Orleans after the fleet passed the forts, 222;
withdraws his force, and public property, 223.
"_Loyal_," the word, its signification, 581.
"_Loyalty or disloyalty_," the only distinction among citizens of the
Northern States, in their relation to the Government of the United
States, 488.
MADISON, James, statement regarding war between the States, 5.
MAFFITT, Captain JOHN N., takes command of the cruiser Florida, 259;
detained in Nassau by yellow fever, 259; sails for Havana, 260; goes
to Mobile for equipment of his vessel, 260; enemy's fleet gather off
the harbor to prevent his escape, 260; runs the blockade and
skillfully evades the enemy, 260; his cruises, 261; fits out the
tender Clarence, 261; captures of the Florida, 261; Maffit, through
sickness, relieved of the command, 261.
MAGRUDER, General JOHN B., in command on the Virginia Peninsula, 83;
constructs an intrenched line across the Peninsula at Warwick River,
83; his force, 83; the form and construction of the line to resist
McClellan's advance, 83; other means of defense, 84; a second line
constructed near Williamsburg, 84; his position on the arrival of
General McClellan, 84; its advantages, 85; falls back to the line of
Warwick River, 85; his labor in constructing and strengthening his
defenses, 86; statement of General Early, 86; attempts to break his
line, 88; he orders sorties, 88; the enemy in strong force, 89;
compelled by illness to leave his division, 94; deficiency of land
transportation on the withdrawal from Yorktown, 94; constructed
defenses at Williamsburg, 94; ordered to pursue the enemy, 141;
attacks, 141; gallant attack at Malvern Hill, 148; assigned command
of the Department of Texas, 233; his conflict in Galveston Harbor
with the enemy's fleet, 234; his success, 234; his report, 235.
_Magruder, Fort_, the largest work at Williamsburg, 94.
_Malvern Hill_, its situation, 147; occupied by McClellan's army,
147; its position, 147; arrangement of our army, 147; use of
artillery impracticable, 148; a general advance ordered, 148; not
simultaneous, 148; the attack on the right, 148; approach of
darkness, 149; nearness of the combatants after the conflict closed,
149; an informal truce established, 140; rain in the morning, and the
enemy's position entirely deserted, 149; evidence of precipitate
retreat, 149; the foe at Harrison's Landing, 150.
MALLORY, Secretary S. R., his efforts to complete the construction of
vessels for the defense of New Orleans, 226, 227; inquiries relative
to the raft below New Orleans, 229.
_Manassas_, the second battle at, 324: retreat of the enemy, 326;
night put an end to the pursuit, 327.
MANN, DUDLEY, our representative in Belgium, 368.
_Mansfield_, battle at, between the forces of General Taylor and
General Banks, 542.
_Maritime war_, the losses of, briefly stated, 282.
MARCY, WILLIAM E., on the capture of private property in war, 163.
_Marque, letters of_, issued by the President of the Confederate
States, 582; vessels captured, 582; treatment of the prisoners, 582;
opinion of United States Court, 582.
MARSHALL, General HUMPHREY, opposed to Colonel Garfield in Kentucky,
18; strength of his force, 18; falls back as Garfield advances, 18;
takes position at at Middle Creek, 19; attacked by Garfield, 19;
report of Marshall, 19; result, 19.
MARSHALL, Chief-Justice JOHN, on the capture and confiscation of
private property, 163.
_Marshals, Provost-General_ and special, appointed by the Government
of the United States in all the Northern States, 495; their duties,
495; civil officers and soldiers made subject to their orders, 495; a
military control established in every Northern State by the
Government of the United States, 496.
_Maryland_, a military force of United States Government occupies
Baltimore, 460; order of the commander declaring martial law, 461;
this force had no constitutional permission to come into Maryland,
461; the civil government suspended, 461; where were the "just
powers" of the State government at this time, 461; suspended by the
commanding General, 461; invasion of some of the unalienable rights
of the citizens, 461; provisions of the United States Constitution,
462; instances of the violations of personal liberty, 462; case of
John Merryman, 463; number of personal arrests in one month, 464;
seizure of newspapers, 464; houses searched for arms, 464;
interference with the State elections by armed force of the United
States Government, 464, 465; President declines to prevent it, 465;
proclamation of the Governor, 465, 466; result, 466; Constitutional
Convention assembled, 467; objections to the Constitution, 467;
voters required to take an oath previous to voting at an election
where the adoption or rejection of the oath was one of the issues,
467; the so-called Constitution declared adopted and the slaves
emancipated, 467; cautious and stealthy proceedings of the United
States Government, 468.
MASON, JOHN M., our representative in London, 368.
MAURY, Captain W. L., commands the cruiser Georgia, 263.
_McAllister, Fort_, taken by Sherman's force, 572.
MCCLELLAN, General GEORGE B., cautions the authorities at Washington
against their emancipation measures, 9; assigned to the chief command
of army of the United States, 18; presents an argument to President
Lincoln against an advance by Centreville and Manassas, but in favor
of a movement down the Chesapeake Bay into the Rappahannock River,
82; his reconnaissance, 82; its results stated by him in a letter,
82; the latter movement approved, 82; reason for ordering his
transports to Washington, 83; concentrates at Fortress Monroe, 83,
84; advances up the Peninsula, 85; repulsed in several assaults at
Yorktown, commences a siege by regular approaches, 85; letter to
Secretary Stanton on the strength of our forces, 85; reports the
strength of his own force, 86; his views at Yorktown, 89; testimony
before the Committee on the Conduct of the War, 89; report on the
affair between Hancock and Early at Williamsburg, 94; statement of
General Early, 94; testimony at the court-martial of McDowell, 105;
his position regarded as critical, 135; reasons, 135; his failure
apparently anticipated by the United States Government, 135;
reënforcements to, cut off, 135; position behind Powhite Creek, 136;
retreats from Frazier's Farm to Malvern Hill, 147; its situation,
147; his position, 147; his letter on the manner of conducting the
war, 314; part of his forces leave Westover, 320; report of his
strength at Sharpsburg, 342; moves his army southward from
Sharpsburg, 351; approaches Fredericksburg, 351; removed from
command, 351.
MCCOWN, Brigadier-General J. P., as signed to command of Island No.
10, 52.
MCCULLOCH, General BEN, killed in the battle of Pea Ridge, 50.
MCLAWS, General, ordered to seize Maryland Heights, 330; embarrassed
by the presence of the enemy, 333; marches to Sharpsburg, 333.
MCRAE, Colonel, succeeds to the command after General Early retires
wounded at Williamsburg, 96; report of subsequent events, 96.
MEADE, General GEORGE G., succeeds General Hooker, 443; his position
at Gettysburg, 443; continues to strengthen his line, 444; his
opinion that an attack on Lee would have resulted disastrously, 445;
his testimony, 447; moves a force to Madison Court-House, 504; a
feint to engage the attention of Lee, 504; other plans for the
surprise and capture of Richmond, 504.
_Medicines_, proposal by our commissioner to purchase medicines of
the United States authorities, to be used exclusively for the relief
of the Union prisoners, 602; no reply ever received, 602.
_Memphis_, advance of the enemy's fleet toward, 77; encounters our
fleet and has one ram disabled, 77; our fleet retires, 77; occupation
of the town by the enemy no longer disputed, 77.
MERRYMAN, JOHN, seized in his bed by an armed force of the United
States Government, 463; writ of _habeas corpus_ granted, 463;
disobeyed, 463; decision of Chief-Justice Taney, 463.
_Military commissions_, two trials before, filled the country with
horror, 496; specification in the first, 496; for the assassination
of the President, 496; the sentence, 496; insertion of the name of
the President of the Confederate States among those of the
conspirators, an exhibition of the malignancy of the Government of
the United States, 496; the case of Mrs. Surratt awakened much
sympathy, 497; efforts to obtain a respite, 497; the trial of Major
Wirz, 497; proclamation of President Johnson against the President of
the Confederate States, 497; the condemnation of Wirz, 498; efforts
to prevail upon him to implicate the President of the Confederate
States in the great mortality of Northern soldiers as prisoners, 498;
declaration of Mr. Louis Schade, of Washington, 498; letter of
Captain C. B. Winder, 499; do. of Rev. F. E. Boyle, 499; order of
General Burnside in Ohio, 501; comments of C. L. Vallandigham on the
order, 501, 502; his arrest, trial, and sentence to imprisonment in
Boston Harbor, 502; letter of Governor Seymour on the military
usurpation, 502; similar proceedings in Indiana, Illinois,
Pennsylvania, New Hampshire, and Vermont, 502, 503.
_Military power_, its attempt to administer civil affairs, 290; a
subversion of fundamental principles, 290.
_Mine Run_, unsuccessful movement of General Meade, 449; his loss,
450.
_Mississippi, west of_, active operations in the beginning of 1862,
49.
_Mississippi River_ surrendered by the loss of Vicksburg and Port
Hudson, 425.
_Missouri_, proposal of President Lincoln to make an irrepealable
compact with, 180; forbidden by the Constitution, 180; its words,
180; a proposal to the State to surrender its sovereignty, 180; most
conciliatory propositions of the Governor rejected by the Government
of the United States, 473; he calls fifty thousand State militia into
active service for the purpose of repelling invasion and for the
protection of the lives, liberty, and property of the citizens, 473;
his words, 473; order from Washington to the commanding General, 474;
this order a pretext for domestic violence, 474; terms of the
Constitution on which the Government of the United States may
interfere in a State, 474; the bravery of the Governor, 474; charged
by the Government of the United States with purposes of treason, 474,
475; words of the military commander, 475; troops of United States
Government poured into the State, 475; proceedings of the State
Convention, 475; violations of constitutional principles committed,
475; final proceedings, 476.
_Mexico_, our treatment of private property in the war with, 8.
_Mobile Harbor_, its defenses, 205; torpedoes also used, 205; combat
with Admiral Farragut's fleet, 206; quite creditable to the
Confederacy, 206; bombardment of the forts, 207; torpedoes, 209.
_Money in the Confederate Treasury_, transferred to the financial
agent of the Government by Secretary Reagan, 695.
MONROE, JOHN T., the Mayor of New Or leans, 231; reply to the demands
of Commodore Farragut, 231.
_Monstrous crime, A_, fearlessly charged as committed by the
Government of the United States against Constitutional liberty in the
subversion and subjugation of the State governments, 453.
MORGAN, General, attacks a brigade of the enemy at Hartsville, 384;
the brigade surrenders, 384; defeats the efforts of the enemy in the
Shenandoah Valley, 527.
MORRIS, Captain C. M., commands the cruiser Florida, 261; enters the
harbor of Bahia, 262; ship seized by the enemy, 262.
MOTT, Colonel CHRISTOPHER, killed at Williamsburg, 99; a brave
soldier in the war with Mexico, 99.
MUMFORD, WILLIAM B., his cold-blooded execution by Major-General
Butler at New Orleans, 289; letter of General Lee to General Halleck,
relative to the execution of, 590.
_Murfreesboro_, position of General Bragg at, 384; his strength. 384;
Rosecrans advances to attack him, 384; Rosecrans's strength, 384;
position of our line, 384; conflict begun by General Bragg, 385;
result of the series of engagements, 385.
MURRAY, E. C, contracts for building the Louisiana at New Orleans,
225; his testimony, 225.
_Muskets_ of obsolete patterns and shotguns used by our soldiers at
Fishing Creek, 22.
_Nashville_, effect of its evacuation by General A. S. Johnston, 40;
demands for his removal, 40; Congress takes the matter in hand, 40.
_Navy Department, The_, its organization, 194; two classes of vessels,
104; discussions and experiments relative to floating batteries, 194;
agreement relative to Norfolk Navy-Yard, 195; disregarded, 195;
destruction of property, 196; the Merrimac transformed into the
ironclad Virginia, 196; her trial-trip, 196; her consorts, 196; fleet
of the enemy, 197; the Virginia makes an attack, 197; destruction of
the frigate Cumberland, 197; destruction of the frigate Congress,
198; Buchanan wounded, 199; appearance of the Monitor, 199; Virginia
attacks and drives her into shoal water, 200.
"_Necessity_," pleaded by Congress to justify its usurpations of
power, 161; extent of this power from necessity, 179; the existence
of the necessity tested, 187; the doctrine of, incorporated as an
unwritten clause of the Constitution of the United States, 293; what
is this necessity? 293; a fundamental maxim, 293; no man can be
trusted with the exercise of power and be the judge of its limits,
293; the grants of power in the Constitution limited, 293; limits all
disregarded, and the people accepted the plea of necessity, 293; a
fatal subversion of the United States Constitution, 293; the sole
issue of the war, 293; the question still lives, 294; all nations and
peoples that adopt a confederated agent of government will become
champions of our cause, 295.
_Neutrality, Peaceful, of a State_, all propositions for, refused by
the Government of the United States, 2.
_Neutral nations_, what is their duty under international law with
regard to the construction and equipment of cruisers for either
belligerent, and the supply of warlike stores, 269; proceedings of
the United States after the Revolutionary War, 269; demands of the
British plenipotentiary, 269; reply of Mr. Jefferson, 269; the
admission of Washington, 270; attempt of United States Government to
contract, if successful, would have been a direct violation of
international law, 270; circumstances of the construction of our
cruisers, 270; Minister Adams's claim for damages, 270; Earl
Russell's reply, 270; Mr. Seward's answer to Earl Russell, 271; the
response of the latter, 271; views of Chancellor Kent, 271; views of
President Pierce in a message to Congress, 272; charge of the Lord
Chief Baron of the Exchequer, 272, 273.
_New Ironsides_, attacks on her with torpedoes, 208.
_New Madrid_, assaulted by Major-General Pope, 76; assault repulsed
three times, 76; the place evacuated, 76.
_New Orleans_, its importance, 210; numerous approaches for an
attacking party, 210; an attack apprehended to come from up the
river, 210; the bar at the mouth of the river, 211; means of defense
in preparation, 211; the forts, 211; their armament, 211; their
condition stated by General Duncan, 212; the garrisons, 212; the
construction of a raft, 212; repeated failures, 212; general plan of
defense for the city, 213; two lines of works, 213; course of the
exterior one, 213; course of the interior one, and its location, 213;
opinion of General Lovell, 213; guns on the interior line of defense,
213; the ironclads, 214; the main reliance for defense on the forts,
with the obstructions, 214; force of the enemy's fleet, 214;
bombardment of the forts, 214; preparations to pass the forts, 214;
movements of the fleet, 215; Duncan's report of its passage of the
forts, 215; further movements of the fleet, 216; statement of General
Smith respecting the forts on the river, 216; do. of General Duncan,
216; the effect of the darkness of the night, 216; surrender of the
city demanded, 217; evacuated by General Lovell, 217; surrender of
the forts demanded, 217; refused, 217; address of General Duncan to
the garrisons, 217; skill and gallantry of Colonel Higgins, 218;
revolt of the garrison of Fort Jackson, 218; forts surrendered, 219;
destruction of the Louisiana, 219; state of the other defenses
afloat, 220; damage to the enemy's fleet, 221; loss of the Varuna,
221; action of other vessels, 221; confusion in the city when the
fleet arrived, 222; batteries below the city, 222; the city saved
from bombardment, 223; General Lovell retires with his force, 223;
causes assigned for the fall of, 224; their consideration, 224; its
fall a great disaster, 225; attack on the naval constructors and
Secretary of the Navy, 225; testimony, 226; efforts of the Secretary,
226; number of guns sent to, 228; iron plates not to be procured,
228; laboratory at, 228; Commodore Farragut demands the surrender of
the city, 231; request that the United States flag shall be hoisted
on public buildings, 231; reply of the Mayor, 231; Farragut sends a
detachment to hoist and guard the flag, 231; arrival of General
Butler, 232; a reign of terror, pillage, and a long train of
infamies, 232; brief reference to the history of the city, 231.
_New York_, its subjugation, 477; unalienable right of the people
left without a protector, 477; ringing of a little bell, 478;
proceedings at the arrest and imprisonment of an individual, 478;
number arrested and imprisoned, 478; safeguards of the citizen for
the protection of his unalienable rights, 479; what they were in New
York, 479; worthless as the paper on which they were printed, 479;
further safeguards in the Constitution of the United States, 479; the
writ of _habeas corpus_ and the only conditions on which it can be
suspended, 480; instances of the violations of the safeguards of the
citizens in New York by the Government of the United States, 481;
President Lincoln adopts them as his act, 481; utter disregard of the
writ of _habeas corpus_ in New York, 481; the Constitution, the laws,
the courts, the Executive authority of the State, subverted and
turned from the end for which they were instituted, 482; opinion of
Mr. Justice Nelson on the military proceedings of the Government of
the United States, 482; prison of New York Harbor overflows, 482;
surplus sent to Boston Harbor, or Washington, or Baltimore prisons,
482; attempt to relieve them by sending persons to investigate the
cases of those willing to take an oath of allegiance to the
Government of the United States, 482; made a condition precedent that
the prisoner should take the oath, 482; the oath, 483; case of
Messrs. Flanders who refuse the oath, 483; words of the Constitution
declaring that the accused shall have the right of counsel, 484;
Government of the United States refuses to recognize the counsel of
prisoners, and looks with distrust on all such applications, 484;
victims of this violence found in almost every Northern State, 484;
result of the elections causes an order for the release of prisoners
to be issued by the Government of the United States, 484; the order,
485; another step for the subjugation of the judiciary of the State,
485; an act of Congress authorizes the removal of all actions against
officers of the Government for tests in arrests, for trial to the
Circuit Court of the Government itself, 485; its command to the State
courts, 485; the obedience of the New York courts to the command,
486; subjugation of New York and the Northern States by the
suspension of the writ of _habeas corpus_ in their limits, 486; two
facts required to exist before Congress could pass such an act, 486;
Congress violates the Constitution, 487; what was New York? 488; the
proclamation of the President suspending the writ of _habeas corpus_
throughout all the Northern States, 488; no autocrat ever issued an
edict more destructive of the natural right to personal liberty, 488;
the subversion of the governments of the Northern States, 488; all
those liberties of conduct and action which stamp the true freeman
were gone, 488; another step in the subjugation of the State of New
York, 488; letter of the commanding General of the United States
forces in New York to the Governor of the State, 488; reply of the
Governor, 489; response of the commanding General, 489; rejoinder of
the Governor, 489; the commanding General now states to the Governor
that the Government of the United States has sent to him "a force
adequate to the object," 490; forty-two regiments and two batteries
sent to New York, 490; another act manifesting the subjugation of the
government of the State by the military power of the Government of
the United States, 490; seizure of newspaper offices in New York by
soldiers under the orders of the Government of the United States,
490; the Governor of the State causes the commanding General to be
taken into custody, 491; the instructions sent by the Government of
the United States to the commanding General that "he must not be
deprived of his liberty to obey any order of a military nature which
the President directs him to execute," 491; the authority of New York
was subjugated, 491; another act of subjugation was the interference
of the Government of the United States with the Presidential election
in the State, 491; a pretended necessity worked up, 491; details of
the preparations, 492; military force increased, 492; vote of the
soldiers in the field to be taken, 492; agents sent by the State to
take the vote seized by soldiers of the Government of the United
States and imprisoned, 492; the description of the imprisonment, 493;
demands of the State in behalf of their agents, 493; refused by the
Government of the United States, 494; tried before a military
commission, 494; terms upon which the State acceded to the Union, 623.
_Norfolk_, its evacuation delayed for the removal of property, 93; an
expedition by the enemy against, contemplated, 100; account of the
Comte de Paris, 100; its evacuation and occupation by the enemy, 100;
detachments previously sent to General Anderson, near Fredericksburg
and elsewhere, 101.
_Norfolk Navy-Yard_, destruction at, 195.
_North Carolina_, efforts to concentrate our troops to resist the
army of General Sherman, 630.
_Northern people_, amazing insensibility to the crisis before them,
4; would not realize the resistance that would be made, 4; blind to
palpable results, 4; a league with the spirit of evil, 4; its
condition, 4; slow to comprehend the reality of armed resistance, 5.
_Northern States_, provisions for the freedom of speech, of the
press, and the personal liberty of the citizen daily violated in, 8;
the events in them similar to those in New York, 494; sovereignty of
the people entirely disregarded by the Government of the United
States, 494; the operation of the institutions established for the
protection of the rights of the people, nullified by the military
force of the Government of the United States, 495; a military
domination established, 495; general and special provost-marshals
appointed in every State, 495; their duties, 496; the forces granted
to aid them, 495; military control established in every Northern
State, by the usurpation of the Government of the United States, 496.
_Oath_, the voters in Maryland required to take an oath previous to
voting at an election where one of the questions was the adoption or
rejection of the oath, 467.
_Object of the war_, the declaration of Congress, 189.
_Objects_ for which the Government of the United States was
instituted, stated in the preamble of the Constitution, 454.
_Obstinacy, extreme_, observable in the original party of abolition,
4.
_Offensive-defensive policy_, how inaugurated at Richmond, 132; its
successful result, 132.
"_Offensively_," signification of the word as used by General Grant
relative to the exchange of prisoners, 599.
_Open brow and fearless tread of the American citizen_, all were gone
in the Northern States, 488.
_Organization of "just powers_" the object for which it is done, 452.
_Origin of the United States Government,_ sprang from certain
circumstances, which existed in the course of human affairs, 453; the
articles of agreement made by certain friendly States proposing to
form a society of States, 453.
"_Other purposes_" the signification of the words explained in an act
of the United States Congress, 345.
OULD, ROBERT C, our commissioner for the exchange of prisoners, 595;
his proposals to the United States commissioner, 598; no reply ever
made, 598; his communication relative to conferences with General
Butler, the United States commissioner of exchange, 598.
_Outrages in Kentucky_, by the soldiers of the Government of the
United States, described by the Governor, 470.
_Panic at Washington_, its cause, 106; movements of Jackson in the
Shenandoah Valley, 106; pursues General Banks across the Potomac,
106; excitement with General Geary, 106; alarm of the enemy at
Catlett's Station, 107; retreat of Duryea to Centreville and telegram
to Washington for help, 107; telegrams of Secretary Stanton to
Northern Governors for militia to defend Washington, 107; call of the
Governor of New York, 107; call of the Governor of Pennsylvania, 107;
call of the Governor of Massachusetts, 108; call of the Governor of
Ohio, 108; order of Secretary Stanton taking military possession of
all the Northern railroads, 109; order of President Lincoln to
General McDowell, 109.
_Paris Congress, The_, its declaration of principles, 372.
_Paul Jones_, destroyed many of his prizes 281; all ports closed to
us, 370.
_Peace negotiations_, our subjugation was the purpose of the
Government of the United States, 608; established by the terms and
conditions offered to us, 608; Major Pitcairn's words, 609;
commissioners sent before hostilities, 609; next a letter sent, 609;
the third time a commissioner sent, 609; not allowed to pass, 609;
the next movement was the appearance of two persons from Washington,
610; their propositions, 610; Mr. Lincoln's views, 610; they depart,
611; Three commissioners appointed to visit Canada, 611; announcement
of Mr. Lincoln, 612; visit of Mr. Francis P. Blair, 612; confidential
conversation with the President, 612, 615; letter given to Mr. Blair,
615; answer of Mr. Lincoln, 616; return of Mr. Blair, 616; his
statements, 616; military convention suggested, 617; com missioners
appointed, 617; their commission, 617; objections, 617; meeting at
Hampton Roads, 618; Mr. Seward's version, 618; change of Mr.
Lincoln's views as to the place of meeting, 618; Mr. Blair's visit,
618; statement of Mr. Hunter, 618; remarks, 619; report of the
commissioners, 619; closing of negotiations, 620; statement of Judge
Campbell, 620; terms of peace stated in Mr. Lincoln's message to
Congress on December 6, 1864, 620; his actions compared with the
Constitution, 621; reserved rights of the States, 622; terms on which
Now York ratified the Constitution, 623; who violated the
Constitution? 624; who is responsible for the war? 624; terms of
surrender offered to our soldiers, 624.
PEGRAM, Commander R. B., sails the Nashville, 264.
PEMBERTON, General J. C, holds a position on the Tallahatchie and
Yazoo Rivers, 392; ingenious device to turn it, 392; in command at
Vicksburg, 395; sends General Bowen to Grand Gulf, 397; assigns
troops to respective positions after crossing the Big Black River,
399; concentrates all troops for the defense of Vicksburg, in rear,
400; instructions to his officers, 401; dispatches to other
commanders, 401; the policy manifested of meeting the enemy in the
hills east of the point of debarkation, 402; his want of cavalry,
402; letter to General Johnston, 402; reply, 402; report on the
advance of the enemy from Bruinsburg, 403; concentrates his forces to
cheek the invading army, 403; telegram to General Johnston, 403;
instructions to General Stevenson, 404; dispatch from General
Johnston, 405; answer, 405; calls a council of officers, 405;
dispatch to General Johnston, 406; moves his force, 406; appearance
of the enemy, 406; dispatch from General Johnston, 406; reply and a
retrograde movement, 407; encounters the enemy, 407; orders to
General Loring, 407; not obeyed, 407; the day lost, 408; dispatches
from General Johnston, 408; considerations, 408; concentrates at
Vicksburg, 410; remarks on a communication from General Johnston,
413; a former correspondence with the President, 413; his confidence
that the siege would be raised, 413; his decision to hold Vicksburg,
413; progress of the siege, 413; states the causes that led to the
capitulation, 415; resigns his rank, 526; shells Grant's army as it
crosses a bridge of the James River, 526.
PENDLETON, General W. N., strives to bring long-range guns to bear on
Malvern Hill, 148; his statement of the appearance at Gettysburg,
441; presents considerations to General J. E. Johnston, 548.
_Peninsula The Virginia_, all our disposable forces ordered there,
83; its topography and means of defense, 83, 84; movements, 85, 88;
strengthening the defenses continued, 88; new defenses constructed,
88; attempts to break Magruder's line at Dam No. 1, 88; the enemy in
strong force, 89; our forces continue the retreat toward Richmond,
98; flank of our line of march threatened by General Franklin, 98;
driven to the protection of his gunboats, 98; army retreat to the
Baltimore Cross-Roads and Long Bridge, 98.
_Perryville_, its location, 383; the battle at, 383; its result, 384.
_Persons_ seized in Baltimore by an armed force of the United States
Government, 464.
_Personal liberty_, proclamation of President Lincoln suspending the
writ of _habeas corpus_ in the Northern States, 488; no autocrat ever
issued an edict more destructive of the natural right to personal
liberty, 488; every Northern State government subverted, 488.
_Petersburg_, an assault by the advance of Grant's army, 638;
repulsed, 638; another assault with a large force, 638; a failure
everywhere, with an extraordinary sacrifice of life, 639; repeated
attacks, with increased carnage, 639; a heavy force advanced to our
right, 639; an interval of the enemy's force penetrated by General A.
P. Hill, and his flanks doubled up with great loss, 639; a cavalry
expedition to the Weldon and other railroads, 639; a fight near
Ream's station, 639; enemy retreat in confusion, 639; a method of
slow approaches adopted by Grant, 640; his object to obtain
possession of the Weldon and Southside Railroads, 640; Grant menaces
Richmond, 640; his line, 640; General Lee's line, 640; movement to
attack the works at Richmond, 641; defeated, 641; a mine run under
one of our forts, 641; a description, 642; a question relative to
negro troops, 642; results of the explosion, 643; repeated attacks on
our lines made and repulsed, 644; force of General Lee at the opening
of the campaign, 644; do. of General Grant, 644; a movement against
Fort Fisher, 644; opening of the campaign of 1865, 647; Grant extends
his line to the left and gains the Weldon Railroad, 647; the troops
in Richmond, 647; capacity of the Richmond and Danville Railroad
increased, 647; diminution of General Lee's forces, 647; his
conference with the President, 648; general view of the state of
affairs, 648; a sortie against Grant's lines determined on by General
Lee, 648; commanded by General John B. Gordon, 649; its failure, 650;
letter of General Gordon, 650-654; an extensive attack by the enemy
follows, 654; secret concentration of the enemy's forces, 654; more
determined effort to gain the right of Lee, 655; the advance repulsed
by General Lee, 655; our strong position at Five Forks assaulted and
carried by the enemy, 655; Battery Gregg makes an obstinate defense,
655; Lieutenant-General A. P. Hill killed, retreat became a
necessity, 655; inner lines held during the day, 655; army retires at
night toward Amelia Court-House, 656; Grant's advantages of position,
656; his movements, 656; Lee's subsequent conference with his
officers, 657; their plan, 657; frustrated, 657; position of Lee's
forces, 657; movements of his advance and rear, 657, 658; condition
of General Lee's army and its weakness, 658; sends a communication to
General Grant, 658; a conference, 658; terms of surrender agreed
upon, 659; the terms, 659; Lee's letter to the President, 660.
PETTUS, Lieutenant-Colonel E. W., leads volunteers to recover a
redoubt at Vicksburg, 415.
PIERCE, President, remarks in his annual message on the rights of
belligerents, 272.
_Pillow, Fort_, its situation, 76; bombardment by the enemy's fleet
commenced, 76; it becomes untenable and is evacuated, 76; captured by
General N. B. Forrest, 545.
PILLOW, General GIDEON J., commands at Fort Donelson, 29; retires
from Fort Donelson, 34; correspondence relative to his course at
Donelson, 40, 41.
_Pirate, A_, who is one? 280; statement of the Attorney-General of
Great Britain, 280.
_Pirates_, some of the Southern people denounced as, 2.
_Pittsburg Landing_, topographical description, 52, 53.
_Plan, The_, of President Lincoln to make a Union State out of a
fragment of a Confederate State, 297; the war-power his main
reliance, 298; does not contain a single feature to secure a
republican form of government, nor a single provision authorized by
the Constitution of the United States, 298.
_Pleasant Hill_, General Banks routed by the force of General Taylor,
544.
_Plunder, A system of_, the order of President Lincoln to military
commanders, 588.
_Policy and purposes of the United States Government_, their odious
features revealed, 3.
POLK, Major-General LEONIDAS, evacuates Columbus, 51; his account of
his movement, 52; commands a corps at battle of Shiloh, 55; commands
the attack on the enemy at Perryville, 383; commands the right wing
at Chickamauga, 432; command of the Department of Mississippi and
East Louisiana transferred to him, 547; killed at an outpost on Pine
Mountain, 554; the greatness of his loss, 554.
POPE, Major-General JOHN, assaults New Madrid and is repulsed, 76;
occupies the place after evacuation, 76; assigned to the command of
the Army of Virginia, 135; commands the Army of Virginia, 312;
advances south from Washington, 312; order to his army to subsist on
the country, 312; order to dispense with supply or baggage trains,
313; order to hold the inhabitants responsible for all assaults,
etc., 313; order "to arrest all disloyal citizens," etc., 314; thus
announces a policy of pillage, outrage on unarmed citizens, and
arson, 314; letter of General McClellan, 314; his forces near
Culpeper Court-House, 317; defeated at Cedar Run, 320; losses, 320;
his forces increased by Burnside's corps, 320; Jackson advances
against him, 320; reënforcements sent to, 322; his subsequent
movements, 323, 327.
_Port Hudson_, its situation, 420; defenses, 420; assaulted by
General Banks, 420; resort to regular approaches, 420; after the
capitulation of Vicksburg, its importance ceased, 420; surrendered by
Major-General Gardner, 420; losses, 420; the gallantry of its
defense, 421.
_Port Republic_, its position, 112; battle near, 212; defeat of the
enemy, 117; prisoners, 117; pursuit, 117.
_Port Royal_, a harbor of South Carolina, 77; its situation, 77; its
defenses, 78; strength of the enemy's fleet, 78; their attack, 78;
the forts abandoned, 78.
PORTER, Admiral, statement of the efficiency of torpedoes used by us
for naval defense, 207; relieves his fleet by a dam above Alexandria
on the Red River, 544.
_Ports, Southern,_ blockaded for the destruction of their commerce, 2.
_Power, where found_, for the United States to coöperate with a State
in emancipation? 179.
_Powhite Creek_, the position of McClellan behind, 136.
PRICE, Major-General STERLING, commands in Missouri, 50; his
movements, 50; battle at Pea Ridge, 50; commands in West Tennessee,
386; moves to Iuka, 386; enemy abandons stores and retires, 386;
letter from General Ord, 387; reply, 387; unites with General Van
Dorn, 387; the combined force, 388; moves upon Corinth, 388; the
battle fought at first mainly by his division, 389; the enemy
reënforced, 389; army retires, 390.
PRINCE de JOINVILLE on the junction of McDowell with McClellan, 105.
_Prisoners, Exchange of_, increase in their numbers in 1861, 13;
vacillating and cruel conduct of the United States Government, 13;
their false theory of combinations, 13; its obstacle, 13; if the
theory was true, hanging was the legitimate punishment, 13; why were
not their prisoners hung? 13; tenacity with which the enemy clung to
the theory, 13; the issues involved 14; further obstacles to
exchange, 14; moved by clamors of the people, United States
Government shut its eyes, 14; some exchanged by military commanders,
14; condition of captured soldiers at the close of 1861, 14; citizens
arrested and held as prisoners, 14; violations of the Constitution,
14; object to clothe the Government with absolute power, 15; efforts
of the Government of the United States to implicate the President of
the Confederate States in the mortality of Northern prisoners, 497;
declarations of Major-General Grant, 497; captures of, in our
privateers, 582; treatment, 582; opinion of United States court, 582,
583; communication sent to President Lincoln by special messenger,
583; the communication, 583; no answer made, 584; act of Confederate
Congress, 584; United States Government refuses to consider the
question of exchange, 585; some exchanges made by officers, 585;
exchange proposed to General Grant in 1861, 585; subsequently offers
to surrender some, 586; reply of General Polk, 586; agreement of
Fremont with General Price, 586; repudiated by General Hunter, 686;
"fire up the Northern heart," 586; commissioners sent from Washington
to Norfolk, 586; the result, 586; difficulties, 587; arrangement of
Generals Cobb and Wool, 587; abruptly broken off, 587; suspension
ensued, 688; indignation at the North, 588; a cartel executed, based
on that of 1812, 588; order of President Lincoln to military
commanders, issued on the same day, to seize and use our property,
588; a system of plunder, 588; order of General Pope to murder
peaceful inhabitants as spies, 588; letter of General Lee to General
Halleck, 589; answer, 590; proceedings of General Hunter, 589; of
Brigadier-General Phelps, 589; retaliatory orders, 590; letter of
General Lee to General Halleck relative to the execution of William
B. Mumford, 590; result, 590; efforts to seek an adjustment of
difficulties through the authorities at Washington, 591;
Vice-President Stephens sent as a commissioner, 591; instructions,
591: letter to President Lincoln, 593; Stephens not allowed to
proceed beyond Newport News, 595; correspondence of our exchange
commissioners, 595; demands of the authorities at Washington, 596;
the wish of the Confederate Government, 596; Andersonville, the
occasion of its selection, 596; advantages of its location, 596; its
preparation, 597; diseases, 597; successful efforts of Major Wirz for
the benefit of the prisoners, 597; humane and kind treatment by
General Winder, 597; statement of Adjutant-General Cooper, 598; a
proposal made to the United States commissioner that all prisoners on
each side should be attended by a proper number of their own
surgeons, 598; further proposals, 598; no reply ever made, 598;
statements of General Butler, 598; letters between Generals Lee and
Grant, 600; dispatch of General Grant to General Butler, 600; another
proposal to the United States Government, 600; no answer received,
601; the offer would have released every soldier of the United States
in our prisons, 601; other offers, 601; requested to send the worst
cases, 602; photographs taken at Annapolis and circulated, 602; worse
cases received by us, 602; proposal to purchase medicines from the
United States authorities to be used exclusively for the relief of
the Union prisoners, 602; no reply ever received, 602; a delegation
of the prisoners at Andersonville sent to Washington to plead their
cause, 602; President Lincoln refuses to see them, 602; their return
and report, 602; letter from the wife of the chairman, 603; letter
from another prisoner, 603; extracts from the official report of
Major-General Butler to the Committee on the Conduct of the War,
603-605; our readiness to surrender for exchange all the prisoners in
our possession, 605; Northern prisons full of our soldiers, 606;
cotton sent by us to New York, and sold to purchase clothing for our
soldiers, 606; report of Secretary Stanton, 607; number of prisoners
that died in our hands, 607; number that died in the hands of the
United States Government, 607; report of Surgeon-General Barnes, 607;
number of Confederate prisoners, 607; number of United States
prisoners, 607; further considerations, 607, 608; the number paroled
at the close of the war, 699.
_Private property_, its pillage and destruction not permitted by the
laws of war, 8; our war with Mexico, how conducted, 8; action of
Great Britain around Point Comfort in 1781, 8; restoration stipulated
in the Treaty of Ghent in 1815, 8; correspondence of John Quincy
Adams with the British Secretary of State, on the deportation of, 8,
9; order of President Lincoln to arrest all persons who arrested
slaves as fugitives, 9; language of General McClellan, 9; action of
Fremont in Missouri, 10; of General T. W. Sherman in South Carolina,
10; do. of others, 10; how made subject to confiscation by United
States Congress, 168; conditions upon which its inviolability might
be broken under the Constitution of the United States, 173.
_Privateering not piracy_, remarks of Earl Derby, 12; do. of the Lord
Chancellor of England, 12.
_Privateers_, resorted to not for purposes of gain, 10; a small fleet
soon fitted out, 10; their cruises, 10; proclamation of President
Lincoln, 10; another violation of international law, 11; its threat
not executed, 11; the case of the schooner Savannah, 11; retaliation
threatened, 11; the case of the schooner Jefferson Davis, 11; remarks
of Earl Derby, 12; do. of the Lord Chancellor of England, 12.
_Prize court_, the attempt to get our private property into, to be
tried by the laws of war, 169.
_Prizes_, captured by foreign-built cruisers of the United States
during the Revolutionary War, 276; more than six hundred, 276; both
belligerents forbidden by European nations to bring prizes into their
ports, 370.
_Queen's proclamation, The_, the force ascribed to it by the United
States Government, 277.
RAINS, General G. R., inventor of sub-terra shells, 97; describes
their use in the retreat from Williamsburg and its effect, 97, 98;
placed in charge of our submarine defenses, 208.
RAINS, Brigadier-General J. G., ordered to report to General Johnston
at Jackson, in connection with torpedoes and sub-terra shells, 424.
RANDOLPH, General, Secretary of War, his testimony relative to
affairs at Norfolk and the position of Yorktown, 93.
RANSOM, Major-General, Summoned to Richmond from Drury's Bluff to
resist an impending assault of General Sheridan, 508; his movements
and success, 508; his position and force, 510; reports to General
Beauregard at Drury's Bluff, 512; his part in the action with
Butler's force, 514.
READ, Lieutenant C. W., commands the tender Clarence, 261.
REAGAN, Secretary JOHN H., transfers the money in the Confederate
Treasury, 695.
_Reconnaissances_, made by the enemy with the design to take and keep
control of the seacoast of Georgia, 78.
_Records of property_, kept under the authority of the State
government, 452.
_Republican government_, the whole science of, where found, 298;
words of the Declaration of Independence, 298; civil and political
sovereignty is in the individual, 299; no human government has any
inherent, original sovereignty, 299; derives its just powers from the
consent of the governed, 299; all other powers than those thus
derived are not just powers, 299; a government exercising powers not
just has no right to survive, 299; who, then, had a right to
institute a government for a State? 239; only the people of the
State,299; how could the Government of the United States appear in a
State and attempt to institute a State government? 299; only as an
invader and a usurper, 299; how could an invader institute a
republican State government, which can be done only by the free
consent of the people themselves? 300; the absurdity of the
pretension, 300; President Lincoln's plan of one tenth, 300; one
tenth of the voters can not establish a republican State government,
300; an effort to enforce a fiction, 300; who were the voters? 301;
those whose consent had been bound by the oath given by the usurper,
301; such a Government derives its powers from the consent of the
usurper, 301; an attempt to destroy true republicanism, 301; a true,
its source, 452; how secured, 452.
_Reserved powers of the Constitution_, sovereignty of the States
therein. 622.
_Revolutionists_, who were the? 170.
_Richmond_, removal of the Government to, authorized, 3; detached
works around it perfected by Lee, 119; intrenched line commenced by
Lee, 130; position of hostile forces, 130; conversations relative to
its defense and the defeat of the enemy, 131; offensive-defensive
policy adapted, 132; preparations for the campaign after Seven Pines
battle, 133; reënforcement sent to Jackson in the Valley, 133;
noticed by the enemy, 133; his unsuccessful attack on Williamsburg
road, 133; route of Jackson covered by Stuart, 133; directions to
Jackson under the order of battle, 133; the order of battle, 133;
position of the respective troops, 134; Hill forces the enemy to take
refuge on the left bank of Beaver Dam, 134; a strong position, 134;
movement of other forces, 134; engagement closes at dark, 134;
critical position of McClellan, 135; action of the United States
Government, 135; renewal of the battle at dawn, 135; arrival of
Jackson, 136; enemy abandons his works, 136; advance of our forces
resumed according to the order, 136; destruction of munitions by the
retreating enemy, 136; takes a position behind Powhite Creek, 136; A.
P. Hill hotly engages, 137; enemy north of the Chickahominy, 137;
fierce battle, 137; Longstreet ordered to make a diversion, 137;
strength of the enemy's position, 137; Jackson's right division forms
on Longstreet's left, 137: position of D. H. Hill, 137; completion of
the lines, 138; a general advance, 138; enemy back to the woods on
the bank of the Chickahominy, 138; night put an end to pursuit, 138;
in the morning none of the enemy north of the Chickahominy, 139; York
River Railroad, 139; enemy in motion south of the river, 139; the
line abandoned, 139; position of the enemy, 139; topography of the
country, 139; on the next morning enemy's works found to be
evacuated, 140; movement of our forces, 140; condition of the enemy's
works, 140; enemy's position, 141; Savage Station, 141; darkness,
141; enemy crosses White-Oak Swamp, 142; resist the rebuilding the
bridge, 142; enemy at Frazier's Farm, 142; we had no maps of the
country in which we were operating, 142; consequent mistakes, 142;
battle at Frazier's Farm, 145; nearly the entire field in our
possession at its close, 146; the siege of, raised, 152; McClellan at
Westover, and his expedition frustrated, 153; prisoners captured in
the battles around Richmond, 153; losses, 153; statement of the
strength of our army at different periods, 153, 154; suggestions on
the delay of Lee, 155; other details relative to the strength of our
army, 156, 157; effective force of General McClellan, 158; the most
effective way to relieve was to reënforce Jackson and advance on
General Pope, 320; its evacuation advised by General Lee, 661; lack
of transportation, 661; movement of the troops, 666; Ewell's corps,
662; G. W. C. Lee's and Kershaw's, 662; other forces, 662; the rear
followed by the enemy, 663; frequent combats, 663; Ewell captured,
664; G. W. C. Lee's division captured, 664; engagement at Sailor's
Creek, 664; the naval force, 665; their retreat to Danville, 665;
troops in and around Richmond, 665; orders given to destroy certain
property of the Confederate States, 666; the conflagration did not
result from any act of the public authorities, 666; distinction from
the case of Harper's Ferry, 666; the troops of neither army
considered responsible, 667; notice of General Lee's withdrawal sent
to the President at church, 667; his proceedings, 667; removal of
families, 668; the President starts for Danville, 668; the supplies
prepared for Lee's army, 669; report of General St. John, in charge
of the commissary bureau, 669; extracts, 669; the daily delivery by
cars and canal-boats, 670; further evidence to expose unfounded
statements, 671; rations on the line of retreat, 671; letter of
General Breckinridge, 672; letter of the assistant commissary-general,
672; other letters, 673, 674.
_Richmond, Kentucky_, enemy routed by General E. E. Smith, 382.
_Rights unalienable_, shall man no more take up arms in defense of?
182.
_Rights of belligerents_, letter of Earl Russell, 271; views of
Chancellor Kent, 271; of President Pierce, 272; charge of the Lord
Chief Baron of the Exchequer, 272, 273.
_Rivers_, the principal difficulty in the way of a successful defense
of, by us, 25; preparations made for resistance, 25.
_Roanoke River_, torpedoes planted there, 209; effect on the enemy,
209.
RODES, General, statement of the obstacles to General Huger's
movement at Seven Pines, 126; in command at Sharpsburg, 336; captures
Martinsburg, with stores, artillery, and a body of the enemy, 439.
RODGERS, Colonel W. P., killed at Corinth, 390; his character, 390.
ROSECRANS, General, succeeds General Buell, 384; advances upon the
position of General Bragg at Murfreesboro, 384; a battle ensues, 385;
subsequently assigned to the command of the force under General Grant
in West Tennessee, 385; his character, 389; treatment of the dead and
wounded at Corinth, 390; occupies Chattanooga, 429; moves on the rear
of General Bragg, 429; concentrates before General Bragg, 432;
concentrates in Chattanooga, 433; reënforcements sent to him, and
Grant assigned to the command, 434.
RUSSELL, Lord JOHN, answer to the demand of the Government of the
United States for the sailors rescued from the sinking Alabama, 258;
his letter stating that the United States Government profited most by
unjustifiable maritime practices, 268; on the principle contended for
by her Majesty's Government, 271.
_Sabine Pass_, its importance, 236; appearance of the enemy's fleet,
236; only means of defense, 236; a report of the engagement, 237; two
gunboats surrendered to forty-two men, 238; the fleet retires, 238;
names of the defenders, 239; success in holding their prisoners, 239;
an unparalleled feat, 239; mistaken reports of the enemy, 239.
_Safeguards_, for the protection of the personal liberty of the
citizen in New York, 479; worthless as the paper on which they were
printed, 479.
_Savage Station_, numbers found in the hospital, 141.
_Savannah, The_, schooner, treatment of her crew by the United States
Government, 11; its harbor defenses, 205; their condition, 205.
SCHOPF, General, commands a force of the enemy at Fishing Creek, 23.
_Security, perfect and complete_, duty of the State government to
give to all its citizens, 452.
SEDDON, JAMES A., Secretary of War, replies to General Johnston as to
the numbers of his army near Vicksburg, 412.
_Self-defense_ of the Government, how authorized by the Constitution,
159.
SEMMES, Commander RAPHAEL, resigns at Washington, 246; enters
Confederate service, 240; obtains the Sumter for a cruiser, 246;
description of her and her preparation, 246; runs the blockade, 247;
career on the sea, 247; her captures, 247; takes command of the
Alabama, 250; collects the old officers of the Sumter, 250; sails for
Terceira, 250; his first impressions on seeing his ship, 251;
proceeds to sea and reads his commission and enrolls his men, 251;
sails for Galveston, 252; decoys out one of the blockading ships,
252; fights and sinks the Hatteras, 253; captures and bonds the
steamer Ariel, 254; a cruise in every sea, 254; arrives at Cherbourg
to repair his ship, 255; appearance of the Kearsarge, 255; a notice
to her captain, 255; defective powder of the Alabama, 255; questions
considered, 256; his report of the engagement with the Kearsarge,
256; Alabama sinks and crew rescued by an English vessel, 257; narrow
escape of the Kearsarge, 257; clad in secret armor, 258; the
Government of the United States demands the rescued sailors, 258;
answer of Lord John Russell, 258; his statement of closed ports, 282;
commands the naval fores at Richmond, 665; order to him from the
Secretary of the Navy, 665.
_Seven Pines_, position of the respective forces, 121; movements of
the enemy, 122; unexpected firing heard, 122; the line of battle,
122, 123; General Johnston wounded and removed, 123; events on the
left, 124; most serious conflict on the right, 124; report of
Longstreet, 124; Huger's delay, 127; Longstreet waits, 127; why did
not the left coöperate? 127; no way appears to have been practicable
to put the enemy to flight, 127; our losses, 127; that of the enemy,
128; evidence of our success, 128; our aggregate force, 128; that of
the enemy, 128; cause of the withdrawal of our forces on the day
after the battle, 128; position of the forces, 130.
SEWARD, Secretary, letter on the export of cotton, 344.
_Sharpsburg_, General Hood's account of the contest on the left, 339;
an account by Colonel Taylor, 241; testimony of General Sumner, 341;
do. of General McClellan, 342; strength of the armies, 343; Lee
concentrates his forces at, 333; address to the people of Maryland,
333; the battle at, 335-338.
_Shenandoah Valley_, operations by which it was cleared of the
enemy's forces, 439; enemy's losses, 439; movements of the enemy to
destroy the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad, 527.
SHERIDAN, General, moves with a large force around and to the rear of
General Lee's army, 508; pursued by Stuart, 509; strength of the
respective forces, 509; Stuart places himself in front and resists
the advance of Sheridan, 509; he retires, 509; appears in the Valley
with a large force, 535.
SHERMAN, General W. T., leads a division up the Tennessee, 52;
disembarks at Pittsburg Landing, 52; report of advance on Corinth,
72; its evacuation, 73; enters the Yazoo River to reduce Haines's
Bluff and attack Vicksburg in the rear, 392; repulsed with heavy
loss, 392; reaches Chattanooga with his force, 435; his movements,
436; prepares to march northward through the Carolinas, 625; position
of our forces, 625, 626; leaves Savannah, 626; his movements, 626;
arrives at Columbia, 627; the Mayor surrenders the city. 627; unites
with General Schofield at Goldsboro, 636.
SHIELDS, General, advances toward Jackson's position at Port
Republic, 113; conflict at the bridge, 113; his position, 114;
attacked by Jackson, 114.
"_Shields's brave boys_" preserve their organization to the last,
117; tough work, if Shields had been on the field, 117.
_Shiloh_, description of the battle-field, 52, 53; the battle of--
advance of our forces, 56; delay, 56; cause, 56; importance of attack
at the earliest moment, 57; Buell's advance, 58; result of an earlier
or later attack, 59; purpose of General Johnston, 59; his order of
attack, 59; monograph of General Bragg, 59; result of the first day,
60; one encampment of the enemy not taken, 61; the disastrous
consequences, 61; causes of the failure, 61; statement of the author
of the "Life of General Johnston," 61; report of General Chalmers on
the failure, 62; report of Brigadier-General Jackson, 62; report of
General Hardee, 63; report of Major-General Polk, 63; report of
General Gilmer, chief engineer, 63; statement of General Bragg, 64;
statement of Colonel Geddes, of the Eighth Iowa Volunteers, 65;
report of General Beauregard, 66; some remote causes of this failure,
66; death of General Johnston, 66; its circumstances, 66;
consequences to be expected from Grant's defeat, 68; instance of
Marshal Turenne, 68; Buena Vista, 68; fate of an army and fortunes of
a country hung on one man, 69; confidence in his capacity, 69; at
nightfall our vantage-ground abandoned, 70; the enemy reoccupy, 70;
statement of Buell as to the condition of Grant's army, 70;
reënforcements of the enemy cross the river, 70; advance of the enemy
in the morning, 71; our retreat was a necessity, 71; strength of our
army, 71; casualties, 71; effective force of General Grant, 71; his
casualties, 71; his army reorganized under General Halleck, 71;
advance on Corinth, 71.
_Ships of war_, equipped and sent from ports of the United States to
Brazil in her struggle with Spain for independence, 276; do. sold to
Russia in her war with England and France, 276.
_Six million people_, the number of persons subject to be acted upon
by the confiscation act of the United States Congress, 167.
_Slavery_, declared by Congress to be the cause of all the troubles,
159; wise and patriotic statesmen might easily have furnished relief,
159.
_Slaves_, unconstitutional measures taken by Congress to effect the
emancipation of, 159; grounds upon which its proceedings were based,
159; their power found in the plea of necessity, 161; emancipation by
confiscation, 162; emancipation in the District of Columbia, 172;
prohibition of the extension of slavery to the Territories, 174;
prohibiting the return of fugitives by military or naval officers,
174; another instance of the flagrant violation of the Constitution,
175; declaration by Congress of the objects for which the war was
waged, 189; unconstitutional measures taken by President Lincoln to
effect the emancipation of, 179; message recommending the coöperation
of the United States for the emancipation of, in any State, 179;
countermands the order of General Hunter, and claims for himself to
issue one for emancipation, 181; conference with Senators and
Representatives of the border States to effect emancipation, 183; an
attempt to effect emancipation by compensation, 184; issues a
preliminary proclamation for emancipation, 187; the final
proclamation emancipation, 192; his declaration in the proclamation
calling for seventy-five thousand men, 189.
SLIDELL, JOHN, our representative in Paris, 368.
SMITH, General E. K., occupies Knoxville. East Tennessee, 382;
advances into Kentucky, 382; conflict at Richmond, 382; advances to
Frankfort, 383; great alarm in Cincinnati, 382; unites his forces
with those of General Bragg, 383; orders to, for the relief of
Vicksburg, 417; his movement, 417; his address to his soldiers, 697.
_South, The_, nature of the division of sentiment in, 5; a question
of expediency, 5.
_Southern people_, their love and sacrifices for the Union, 160.
_Southern States_, one of the causes of their withdrawal from the
Union, 181.
_Sovereignty of the State government_, the representative and the
constituted agent of the inherent sovereignty of the individual, 452.
_Spanish provinces_ of South America, their independence recognized
by the United States, 276.
"_Spare neither men nor money_," orders of the Secretary of the Navy
to complete ironclads at New Orleans, 227.
_Spottsylvania Court-House_, twelve days of skirmish and battle at,
between Lee and Grant, 523.
_State, A_, rent asunder and a new one formed of the fragment, 2.
_State governments_, the subjugation of, 450; a revolution unlike any
other that may be found in the history of mankind, 451; an assertion
often made during the war, 451; objects for which the State
governments were instituted, 451; where must the American citizen
look for the security of the rights with which he has been endowed by
his Creator? 451; to the State government, 451; the powers of the
State government are just powers, 451; is the citizen's life in
danger? the State guarantees his protection, 451; is the citizen's
personal liberty in danger? the State guarantees it, 451; duty of the
State government to give its citizens perfect and complete security,
452; necessarily sovereign within its own domain, 452; its entire
order founded on the free consent of the governed, 452; this consent
gives just powers, 452; all else are usurpations, 452; how these
powers are organized, 452; its object, 452; subversion and
subjugation of a State government, how accomplished, 452; the
commission of such a subversion and subjugation fearlessly charged
upon the Government of the United States as a monstrous crime against
constitutional liberty, 453; distinction in nature and objects
between the Government of the United States and the State
governments, 453.
_States, The_, the principles upon which they were originally
constituted and upon which the Union was formed explained, 368.
STEPHENS, A. H., sent as commissioner relative to the exchange of
prisoners to Washington, 591; not allowed to come to Washington, 595;
appointed to confer with Mr. Lincoln, 617.
STEVENS, THADDEUS, his remark, "Who pleads the Constitution against
our proposed action" of confiscation? 8; declaration in Congress on
the admission of West Virginia, 308.
STEVENS, Lieutenant, commands the Arkansas at Baton Rouge, 244.
STEVENSON. Major-General, resists the force of the enemy near
Vicksburg, 407; report of the conflict at the redoubt before
Vicksburg, 415.
"_Stop thief!_" The old trick exemplified, 191.
STREIGHT. Colonel, captured by General Forrest, 426.
STUART, General J. E. B., sent with cavalry to cover the approach of
Jackson from the enemy, 133; subsequent confidential instructions
from Lee, 133; engaged with cavalry on detached service, 150; his
march down the enemy's line of communication described, 150; opens
fire on the enemy with a light howitzer, 151; effect on the enemy,
described by General Casey, 151; remains east of the mountains to
observe the enemy, 330; at Sharpsburg battle, 335; attacked by the
enemy at Kelly's Ford, 438; encounters the enemy's cavalry, 439; left
to guard the passes of the mountains, 440; makes a circuit of the
Federal army, 440; pursues Sheridan in a dash upon Richmond. 509;
places himself in front of Sheridan and resists his advance, 509; is
mortally wounded, 510; his death and character, 510.
_Subjugation of the Southern States_, the Intention of the Government
of the United States, 3; established by the course pursued by it.3;
evasion and final rejection of every proposition for a peaceful
settlement, 3; its extreme obstinacy, 4; observable in the original
party of abolition, 4; futile warnings of its suicidal tendency, 4;
not contending for a principle, but supremacy, 4; no compromise, 4;
of the States by the Government of the United States, 450; object of
the State governments, 451; how accomplished, 452: of the government
of the Stale of New York, by the domination over it of the military
power of the Government of the United States, 488.
_Sub-terra shells_, effect produced on the enemy by their use on the
retreat from Williamsburg, 97.
_Subversion of a State government_, how accomplished, 454.
_Sumter, Fort_, its brave and invincible defense, 204; the manner of
its evacuation, 204; salute and cheers, 204.
_Sumter, The cruiser_, her preparation and career, 246, 247.
_Supplies_ for Lee's army at Petersburg, a statement of facts,
668-670; letter of General Breckinridge, 672; do. of the assistant
commissary-general, 672; another letter, 673; supplies on the
retreat, 673; letter of President Harvie, of the Richmond and
Danville Railroad, 673, 674; do. relative to sending supplies to
Amelia Court-House, 675.
_Supremacy_, when the contest is for, there will be no concessions, 4.
SURRATT, Mrs., her case awakening much sympathy, 497; efforts to
obtain a respite, 497.
TALIAFERRO, General, commands Virginia forces at Norfolk, 195;
commands Jackson's division at Cedar Run, 319.
TANEY, Chief-Justice, decision in the Carpenter case, 348; a civil
war, or any other war, does not enlarge the powers of the Federal
Government over the States or the people beyond what the compact has
given to it, 348; grants the writ of _habeas corpus_ in the case of
John Merryman, 463; disobeyed, 463; decision of the Court, 463.
TATNALL, Commander JOSIAH, objections to proceeding to York River
with the Virginia, 91; takes command of the Virginia, 202; his
statement respecting the Virginia, 203; has charge of the harbor
defense of Savannah, 201.
TAYLOR, General RICHARD, his description of the dangerous moment of
the battle at Port Republic, 116; movements against the enemy west of
the Mississippi, 418; proceeds to raise the siege of Port Hudson by
cutting the communications of General Banks, 419; his movements after
the capitulation of Port Hudson, 422; commands in the Red River
country, 541; his force and movements, 542; encounters General Banks,
542; battle at Mansfield, 542; defeat of Banks at Pleasant Hill, 543,
544.
TAYLOR, Colonel THOMAS, takes a letter to President Lincoln relative
to prisoners, 584.
TAYLOR, Brigadier-General, of New Jersey, advances to recover the
stores captured at Manassas Junction, 323; routed, 323.
_Tennessee_, measures adopted to occupy and fortify strong positions
after her secession, 24; Forts Henry and Donelson, 24; our forces in,
51; their concentration, 52; a military Governor appointed, 285;
public officers driven from office, 285; newspaper offices closed,
285; citizens arrested and imprisoned, 285; election of members of
Congress ordered, 286; a State organization attempted, 286;
qualifications of voters determined and fixed by the military officer
of the Government of the United States, 286; the oath, 286;
amendments to the regular State Constitution attempted, 287; declared
to be adopted by a vote of twenty-five thousand out of a hundred and
forty-five thousand citizens, 287; called "guaranteeing a republican
form of government," as required by the United States Constitution,
287; many positions held by the enemy in, 385; the aggregate force,
385; Rosecrans assigned to command, 385; most important position at
Corinth, 386; plan of the enemy, 886; Vicksburg, the point of attack,
386; Generals Price and Van Dorn in command of our forces, 386; the
former moves from Tupelo to Iuka, 386; the enemy retreats, abandoning
stores, 386; unites with General Van Dorn for an attack on Corinth,
387; battle at Iuka, 387; strength of Van Dorn, 387: do. of the
enemy, 388; attempt to surprise Corinth before reënforcements were
received, 388; its secession proceedings founded on true republican
principles, 455; the proceedings of the Government of the United
States 455; it denies the fundamental principles of liberty, 456; its
proceedings founded on the assumption of the sovereignty of the
Government of the United States, not on the principle of the
sovereignty of the people, 456; invasion of the rights of popular
liberty, 456; efforts to erect a State government subject to the
United States Government, 456; limitation of the will of the voter,
456; voter's right to cast his ballot dependent on the permission of
the United States Government, 456; further conditions required of the
voter, 457; who was the sovereign in Tennessee? 457; the Government
of the United States, 457; where was the government of the State of
Tennessee and the sovereign people? 457; the former was subverted and
overthrown, and the latter subjugated, 457; amendments to the
Constitution, 457; guaranteed to be a republican State, 458; Hood's
campaign in, 578.
_Tennessee_, an iron-clad, 206; her combat with the enemy's fleet in
Mobile Harbor, 206.
_Texas_, recognition of her independence by United States Government
in the war of the former with Mexico, 276.
_Theory of combinations_, of President Lincoln, the issues involved,
14.
"_The pressure is still upon me_," words of President Lincoln
relative to forcible emancipation, 181.
THOMAS, General, commands the enemy's forces at Fishing Creek, 20.
TILGHMAN, General LLOYD, commands at Fort Henry, 26; his bravery, 28;
loses his life in battle near Vicksburg, 409.
TOOMBS, General ROBERT, defends the bridge over the Antietam, 337.
_Torpedoes_, probably more effective than any other means of naval
defense, 207; statement of Admiral Porter as to their successful use
by us, 207; secret of our success was the sensitive primer, 208; how
the torpedoes were made, 208; three essentials to success, 208;
exploits with them in Charleston Harbor, 208; their use at Roanoke
River, 209; successful use at Mobile, 209.
TRIMBLE, General, volunteers to capture the enemy's depot at Manassas
Junction, 323.
TURENNE, Marshal, of France, an example, 68.
_Umpire, Who is the_, on the question of secession, 16; not the
United States Government, as it has no inherent, original
sovereignty, 16; but the States and their people, 16; the case of
South Carolina, 16.
_United States_, number of men furnished during the war, 706; do. to
the United States Government by Maryland, Kentucky, Tennessee, and
Missouri, 706; debt contracted by the United States Government, 706.
Usurpations of the Government of the United States during the year
1861, 2; the mother of all the, the unhallowed attempt to establish
the absolute sovereignty of the Government of the United States by
the subjugation of the States and their people, 16; embraced in the
system of legislation devised by the United States Congress, 161; of
United States Congress, another alarming one brought out, 170; the
argument by which it was supported, 170; the war-power, 171; another
step for the destruction of slavery, 172; emancipation in the
District of Columbia, 172.
Usurpations of Congress, the next step in usurpation, the passage of
an act prohibiting slavery in the Territories, 174; words of the act,
174; an act making an additional article of war passed, 174; all
military and naval officers prohibited from efforts to return
fugitives from labor, 174; the words of the Constitution, 175;
Congress directly forbids that which the Constitution commands, 175;
excuse of a state of war groundless, 175; a series of, committed by
President Lincoln, 178; all exercises of power not derived from the
free consent of the governed, 452; in what it consisted, 582.
_Usurper, The_, the last effort to save himself, 606.
VAN DORN, General EARL, assigned to command west of the Mississippi,
50; his movements, 50; battle of Elkhorn, or Pea Ridge, 50; his
strength, 50; his object, 51; losses, 51; march to join A. S.
Johnston, 51; in command in north Mississippi, 386; unites with
General Price, 387; his strength, 387; the strength of the enemy,
388; character and conduct of, 388; moves to surprise Corinth, 388;
its result, 389; his hazardous retreat. 390; surprises and captures
Holly Springs and destroys its depot of supplies, 391.
VENABLE, Colonel C. S., statement of the attack of Mississippians
under a promise to General Lee, 521.
_Vessels_ destroyed by torpedoes in Southern waters, 210.
_Vicksburg_, a combined movement against, by land and by the
Mississippi River, planned by the enemy, 392; the position of General
Pemberton, 392; an ingenious device to turn that position, 392;
attempt of Sherman to reduce Haines's Bluff, 392; Grant lands his
army at Young's Point, 393; attempt to pass to the rear of Fort
Pemberton, 394; also to enter the Yazoo above Haines's Bluff, 394;
position of Admiral Porter and his fleet in Deer Creek, 394; position
of Grant's force, 395; Pemberton in command at, 395; unsuccessful
attempt to cut a canal across the peninsula, 396; do. to connect the
river with the bayou at Milliken's Bend, 396; gunboats attempt to run
the batteries, 397; the enemy commence ferrying troops from the
Louisiana to the Mississippi shore, 398; resistance by our troops,
398; battle near Port Gibson, 398; attempt of Grant to get in rear of
General Bowen, 398; he retreats toward Grand Gulf, 399; joined by
General Loring, 399; Grant advances into Mississippi, 399;
concentration of General Pemberton at, 410; strength of the position,
410; length of fortified line, 410; Pemberton's force, 410; efforts
to strengthen the relieving army, 411; dispatches for aid to the
relieving army, 412; siege commenced, 413; assault, 414; bombardment
from the mortar fleet, 414; position of, 414; progress of the siege,
414; another assault, 414; report of General Stevenson, 415; causes
that led to the capitulation, 415; the losses, 417; other efforts to
relieve, 417; movement of General E. K. Smith, 417.
_Victors, Who were the_, when the war closed? 294; let the verdict of
mankind decide, 295.
_Virginia_, first efforts of the enemy directed against her, 3;
greater perversion of republican principles in, by the Government of
the United States, than in any other State, 304; its secession, 304;
opposition in northwestern counties, 304; they hold a convention to
reorganize the government of Virginia, 305; assume to be the State of
Virginia, 305; consent to the formation of a new State, 305; action
of United States Congress, 305; these proceedings viewed in the light
of fundamental principles, 306; involved insurrection, revolution,
and secession, 306; the United States Government the nursing-mother
to the whole thing, 306; words of the United States Constitution,
307; the fraud examined, 307; words of Thaddeus Stevens, 308;
so-called government of Virginia migrates from Wheeling to
Alexandria, 308; subsequent order of President Johnson, 308;
proceedings under the order, 309; such a State government not in the
interest of the people, but of the Government of the United States,
309; voters required first to protect the Government of the United
States, 309.
_Virginia_, former frigate Merrimac, 196; transformed into an
ironclad, 196; her armament, 196; and the Monitor, the combat
between, 200; the latter seeks safety in shoal water, 200; refitted
after her conflict, 201; invites the Monitor to a new contest, 201;
declined, 201; dashes upon the enemy's fleet, 202; abandoned and
burned, 203; the reasons, 203.
_Voter_ in Tennessee, The, the limitation of his will, 456; his right
to cast his ballot vested in the permission of the Government of the
United States as his sovereign, 456.
WADDELL, Lieutenant J. J., commands the cruiser Shenandoah, 264.
WALKER, General J. G., movement of his troops at Sharpsburg, 336.
WALKER, General W. H. T., commences the attack at Chickamauga, 430;
killed in the attack on McPherson's corps, 562.
_War, The_, manner in which it was con ducted by the Government of
the United States, 5; how inappropriate to preserve a voluntary
Union, 6; enlarged its proportions during the year 1861, 16; points
possessed by the enemy, 17; his supply of men and resources of war,
17; a succession of glorious victories to us, 17; the foundation of
the, 582.
WARD, Colonel, his conduct at Yorktown, 88, 89; killed at
Williamsburg, 99; report of General Early on his gallantry, 99.
WARLEY, Lieutenant, attacks the enemy's vessels at New Orleans, 221.
"_War-power, The_, of the United States Government," the theory on
which it was based, 171; its unlimited extent, 171; the specious
argument for, 171; words of the Constitution, 171; President Lincoln
declares his main reliance on it, 298.
_Washington Artillery_, organized in New Orleans, 337; its frequent
and honorable mention in the reports of battles, 337.
_Washington_ threatened by General Early, 530.
_Watchword, The_, "The abolition of slavery by the force of arms for
the sake of the Union," 186.
_Westover_ reached by McClellan's army, 152; protection of the
gunboats, 152; his position, 152; inexpedient to attack him, 152.
WHEATON, on the capture and confiscation of private property, 163.
WHEELER, General, destroys supplies and baggage in the rear of
Rosecrans's army advancing to Murfreesboro, 384; movements with his
cavalry at Chickamauga, 432.
_Which is the higher authority_, Mr. Lincoln's emancipation
proclamation, or the Constitution? 621.
WHITE, Colonel, advances to the Susquehanna, 440.
WHITING, General, sent to reënforce Jackson in the Valley, 133; he is
killed in the defense of Fort Fisher, 646.
_Who is the criminal?_ Let posterity answer, 178.
_Why were they not hung?_ Our soldiers taken prisoners, "as rebels
and traitors," 13.
WICKES, Captain, commands a cruiser fitted out in France by United
States Government in the Revolutionary War, 275.
WILCOX, General, stubborn resistance made by his division, 518.
_Wilderness, The_, the nature of the country, 518; the battle at,
518-520.
WILKINSON, Commander John, commands the Chickamauga, 265; her cruise,
265.
_Williamsburg_, its position on the Virginia Peninsula, 94; line of
defenses constructed by General Magruder, 94; attack of Hancock, 94;
report of General Early on the attack, 95, 96; claim of the enemy to
have achieved a victory at, refuted, 97; strength of our force, 97;
McClellan's estimate, 97; further retreat of our army, 97; our
strength in the principle action at, 98; the position held as long as
was necessary, 99; losses, 99.
_Wilmington, North Carolina_, its defensive works, 204.
WINDER, Brigadier-General CHARLES S., attacks the position of General
Shields, 114; critical condition, 115; killed at the bottle of Cedar
Run, 318; report of General Jackson, 318; his character and an act of
heroism, 318.
WINDER, General JOHN H., his kindness to prisoners of war, 597.
WIRZ, Major, his successful efforts for the benefits of the
prisoners, 597.
WOOD, Captain JOHN T., attacks armed vessels in the Rappahannock in
ope boats, 223.
WOOD, Commander JOHN TAYLOR, commands the Tallahassee, 265; her
cruise, 265.
_Yazoo Pass_, proposal to pass boats through, 392.
_Yorktown_, strengthening the defenses continued, 91; further
improvements on the works, 91; arrangements for evacuation commenced,
92; army withdrawn from the line of Warwick River, 93; evacuation
made successfully, 93: loss of property, 94; statement of General
Early, 94.
ZOLLICOFFER, General, commands at Mill Springs, 19; his position, 19;
General Thomas advances against him, 19; Crittenden takes command and
moves to attack Thomas, 20; Zollicoffer killed, 21.
THE END OF VOL. II.