_Vol. VIII.
of the_
Botanists Repository
_Comprising,
Colour’d Engravings_
of
_New and Rare Plants_
ONLY
with Botanical Descriptions _&c._
_in
Latin and English,
after the_
Linnæan System.
_by
H. Andrews
Botanical Painter Engraver &c._
[Illustration]
Mo. Botanical Garden
PLATE CCCCXCIII.
BIGNONIA GRANDIFLORA.
_Large-lowered Bignonia._
CLASS XIV. ORDER II.
_DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA._ Two Chives longer. Seeds covered.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX 5-fidus, cyathiformis.
COROLLA fauce campanulata, 5-fida, subtus ventricosa. Siliqua
bilocularis.
SEMINA membranacea, alata.
EMPALEMENT 5-cleft, cup-shaped.
BLOSSOM bell-shaped at the mouth, 5-cleft, and bellied beneath. A
pod of two cells.
SEEDS winged, with a skinny membrane.
See Bignonia Leucoxylon, Pl. XLIII. Vol. I.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
BIGNONIA foliis pinnatis: foliolis oblongo-lanceolatis, serratis:
floribus in paniculo terminali, vel potius in racemo e pedunculis
trifloris, oppositis, alternatis: corollis magnis, coccineis,
campanulatis: caule erecto, radicante, et scandente.
BIGNONIA with winged leaves: leaflets of an oblong lance-shape, and
sawed: flowers grow in a terminating panicle, or rather in a raceme
upon footstalks with three flowers, opposite and alternate: blossom
large, of a scarlet colour, and bell-shaped: stem upright, rooting,
and climbing.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The empalement.
2. A blossom spread open.
3. Seed-bud and pointal.
This superb Bignonia is well characterized by the specific appellation
of grandiflora; and although, in several genera, this title has been
rendered nugatory by the introduction afterwards of still larger
flowering species, yet we think it is not likely to be the case in the
present instance. In Kæmpfer’s Icones there is a tolerably good figure
of this fine plant. It flowers in the autumn, and great hopes are
entertained that it will ultimately prove to be of a hardy character,
when a fair trial of it is made, with its scarcity has hitherto
prevented.
Our figure was made from a plant seven feet high, in the conservatory of
G. Hibbert, esq. where, under the care of Mr. Knight, his botanic
gardener, that valuable collection is in the most luxuriant state of
cultivation.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCCXCIV.
SCUTELLARIA SERRATA.
_Sawed-leaved Scutellaria._
CLASS XIV. ORDER I.
_DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA._ Two Chives longer. Seeds naked.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Os calycis, ad perfectionem seminum post florescentiam,
claudit, quasi cum operculo tectum.
EMPALEMENT. The mouth of the cup, to perfect the seed after
flowering, shuts as if covered by a lid.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SCUTELLARIA foliis oppositis, ovato-acuminatis, serratis: floribus
ramos terminantibus in spicâ laxâ cæruleo-purpureâ: caule erecto,
quadrato.
Habitat in Carolina et Florida.
SCUTELLARIA with opposite leaves ovately-pointed, and sawed:
flowers terminate the branches in a loose spike of a blue purple
colour: stem upright, and four-sided.
Native of Carolina and Florida.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The empalement.
2. The same as it appears after flowering.
3. The flower spread open, one of the tips magnified.
4. Seed-bud and pointal.
This Scutellaria is one amongst the number of those new plants brought
from America by Mr. Lyons, very few of which have (we think) proved more
attractive than the present subject. The fine purply blue of its flowers
is of all colours the most difficult for any effort of art to do justice
to. There are seventeen species of this genus enumerated by Willdenow;
and fifteen of them are serrate, one hastate, and the other (which is
called integrifolia) we are inclined to think is intended to
characterize our plant; as, notwithstanding it is called entire-leaved,
it is described as obsoletely serrate, and agrees very well in other
particulars with our species. We have adopted the unoccupied specific
title of serrata, although it is a character common to almost all the
genus, in preference to one that could not, if strictly attended to,
ever lead us to the object. The genera that approach nearest to
Scutellaria are Trichostema on one side, and Prunella on the other; from
which, and many others that surround it, the most essential distinction
is in the singular construction and character of the calyx, which forms
its short but well-marked essential generic character. Our figure was
made from a plant in the open border of the garden of J. Vere, esq.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCCXCV.
PROTEA CORYMBOSA.
_Corymbose-flowering Protea._
CLASS IV. ORDER I.
_TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Four Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA 4-fida, seu 4-petala. Antheræ lineares, petalis infra
apices insertæ. Calyx proprius, nullus. Semina solitaria.
BLOSSOM 4-cleft, or of 4 petals: tips linear, inserted into the
petals below the points. Cup proper, none. Seeds solitary.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
PROTEA foliis teretibus, brevibus, obtusis, adscendentibus,
glaucis: floribus capitatis, luteis, corymbosis.
Frutex pygmæus, dumosus: ramis sub-verticillatis.
PROTEA with round short leaves, blunt ended, ascending, and
glaucous: flowers headed, yellow, and growing in the manner of a
corymbus.
A dwarf shrub, bushy, with branches nearly whorled.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The involucrum of the flowers.
2. A flower with its bractea.
3. A chive magnified.
4. Seed-bud and pointal, summit magnified.
This plant has been long known in the gardens by the title of Protea
purpurea, but never flowered in this country till last summer, at the
nursery of Mr. Williams of Turnham Green; when, instead of purple
flowers, (as was expected from its specific title,) they proved to be
yellow. It bears so great a resemblance to the P. teretifolia, that when
we figured that species (by comparing it with a dried native specimen,)
we were almost inclined to think a small variety of that plant was the
P. corymbosa altered in its manner of growth in this climate by a
different mode of culture. But comparison with the living plants has now
determined them to be distinct species, and left no doubt remaining of
this being the P. corymbosa figured by Thunberg in his Dissertation on
the genus Protea.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCCXCVI.
JASMINUM MULTIFLORUM.
_Many-flowered Jasmine._
CLASS II. ORDER I.
_DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Two Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX 5-8-partita.
COROLLA hypocrateriformis, 5-8-fida, bacca bilocularis.
SEMINA solitaria, arillata.
EMPALEMENT 5-8-parted.
BLOSSOM funnel-shaped, 5-8-cleft, berry two-locular.
SEEDS solitary, arillated.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
JASMINUM foliis oppositis, cordatis, glabris, pubescentibus:
floribus terminalibus, umbellatis, quaternis vel octonis, in
singula umbella: corollis albis, magnis, octofidis, odoratissimis.
Habitat in Calcutta.
JASMINE with opposite heart-shaped leaves, smooth, and hairy:
flowers terminate the branches in umbels of 4 to 8 in each umbel:
blossoms are white, large, eight-cleft, and very sweet-scented.
Native of Calcutta.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The empalement.
2. A blossom spread open.
3. The empalement spread open with the seed-bud and pointal,
summit magnified.
This fine new Jasmine was introduced by Lady Hume from the East Indies,
and is the largest-flowering species of the genus as yet known. It is
highly scented, and of the odour of the Gardenia, or Cape Jasmine. It is
a handsome hot-house plant, but from its recent introduction is at
present scarce. We find a small rude figure of it in Burman, under the
title of Nyctanthes multiflora: but it is now better accepted under the
softer-sounding appellation of Jasminum, an old fragrant and ever
favourite genus.
The drawing was made from a luxuriant specimen communicated to the
author by A. B. Lambert, esq.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCCXCVII.
JASMINUM SAMBAC; _Var. flore pleno_.
_Indian Jasmine; Full-flowered Variety._
CLASS II. ORDER I.
_DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Two Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX 5-8-partita.
COROLLA hypocrateriformis, 5-8-fida, bacca bilocularis.
SEMINA solitaria, arillata.
EMPALEMENT 5-8-parted.
BLOSSOM funnel-shaped, 5-8-cleft, berry two-locular.
SEEDS solitary, arillated.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
JASMINUM foliis oppositis, ovatis, sæpe apice acutis: floribus in
ramis terminalibus, plerumque ternis: corollis aggregatis, vel
tribus in una, involutis, fragrantissimis: ramis oppositis,
hirsutis, ferrugineis: caule patente, scandente.
JASMINE with leaves opposite, egg-shaped, and often pointed at the
end: flowers terminate the branches mostly by threes: blossoms are
aggregate, or three in one folded together, and very sweet-scented:
branches are opposite, hairy, and of a rusty colour: stem
spreading, and climbing.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A blossom separated, the inner tube spread open.
2. The empalement spread open, seed-bud and pointal, summit magnified.
This Jasmine possesses a fragrance of such unequivocal sweetness as
renders it, although an old hot-house plant, one of its best
acquisitions. We have preferred the variety before the species, for its
superior beauty, and the opportunity of displaying the singular
construction of its flowers, which separate into three distinct parts;
the inner one bearing the stamens perfect in appearance, but upon
examination they will be found steril. This, as well as its original,
the single-flowering one, is highly esteemed all over India, cultivated,
and sold in their markets for the purpose of distilling from them a
perfumed water, like that extracted from the rose. The Indian women
macerate the flowers with those of Michelia champacca; the Uvaria
odoratissima, and the common Jasmine, in oil of aloes or oil of benzoin,
and then expose it to the sun for three days, adding fresh flowers every
day. It is then used by the youth of both sexes to anoint their hair
with, which they consider as their greatest ornament. In the spring,
garlands and crowns are made of the plants, and used by the Hindoos in
their sacrifices or religious rites. Both the single and this variety
are figured in Van Rheede’s Hortus Malabaricus, and also by Rumphius in
his Herbarium Amboynense, who describes the flowers as opening in India
at sun-set, continuing all night, and the following, when they fall off:
that the succession is abundant, thriving well on a trellis, like common
Jasmine, and having a charming appearance when impearled with the dew of
the morning.
Our figure was made from a plant in the hot-house of J. Vere, esq.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCCXCVIII.
HIBISCUS PRURIENS.
_Stinging Hibiscus._
CLASS XVI. ORDER VI.
_MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA._ Threads united. Many Chives.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX duplex, exterior polyphyllus. Stigmata 5. Capsula
5-locularis, polysperma.
EMPALEMENT double; outer one many-leaved. 5 summits. Capsule
5-celled, many-seeded.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
HIBISCUS foliis sub-cordatis, lobatis, dentatis: floribus
terminalibus, magnis, colore sulphureo, ad basin petalorum maculâ
atropurpureâ notatis. Caulis et petioli setis parvis laxis obsiti
sunt, quæ manibus adhærentes irritant et pungunt.
HIBISCUS with nearly heart-shaped leaves, lobed and toothed:
flowers terminal, large, and of a sulphur colour, with a dark
purple spot at the base of the petals. The stem and petioles are
beset with small loose bristles, which sticking to the hand
irritate and sting.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The empalement.
2. The chives cut open, one tip magnified.
3. Seed-bud and pointal, summits magnified.
This non-descript species of Hibiscus is a native of the East Indies. It
approaches in general appearance nearest to the H. canabinus. The stems
and footstalks of our plant are beset with short bristly hairs, so
loosely attached that they easily come off, and, sticking about the
hands, create an unpleasant sensation somewhat resembling the stinging
of a nettle. The fine dark eye of the flower is a great relief to the
surrounding sulphur colour, to the light delicacy of whose appearance it
is so very difficult to do justice; for, in this showy family, elegant
inflorescence is their principal recommendation.
Our figure represents a fine plant raised in the hot-stove of A. B.
Lambert, esq.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCCXCIX.
IPOMÆA COCCINEA.
_Scarlet Ipomæa._
CLASS V. ORDER I.
_PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Five Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA infundibuliformis. Stigma capitato-globosum. Capsula
3-locularis.
BLOSSOM funnel-shaped. Summit headed, of a globular form. Capsule
of 3 loculaments.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
IPOMÆA foliis hederinis: pedunculis multifloris: corollis saturate
coccineis: caule purpureo, torto et involuto.
IPOMÆA with ivy-shaped leaves: footstalks with many flowers:
blossoms of a deep scarlet: stem purple, twisted, and twining.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The empalement.
2. A blossom spread open.
3. Seed-bud and pointal, summit magnified.
Of this species of Ipomæa there are two good uncoloured figures: one in
Commelin’s Rariorum, tab. 21, under the title of Quamoclit Americana;
the other in the Americana of Plumier, 89, tab. 103, under the
appellation of Convolvulus coccineus; but not to be confounded with the
Ipomæa coccinea (erroneously so called) of the Botanical Magazine, which
is the I. luteola of Jacquin’s Icones, and a very different plant:
although Willdenow in his Species Plantarum has made a mere variety of
it; observing that it differs in no other particular except in colour.
But comparison, either with the living plants or the figures above
alluded to, will prove them to be distinct in their foliage as well as
the colour of their flowers. Neither of them is well discriminated by
its specific title; as the I. luteola is more of a scarlet than of a
yellow colour, and the coccinea is of too deep a red to be with accuracy
denominated scarlet. But references to colour are mostly too equivocal
to be very characteristic.
From Mr. J. Milne, botanic gardener at Fonthill, we received this
specimen, whose luxuriant growth in the hot-stove may probably have
occasioned the abbreviation in the filaments, which are generally
extended a little beyond the mouth of the flower, instead of being
confined to the base of the tube, as our figure represents; but in which
we follow nature: and although it is not an unprecedented circumstance
to find the threads shortened or lengthened by culture, yet when that
difference is so very powerful as in the present instance, it is well
deserving notice.
[Illustration]
PLATE D.
PROTEA MUCRONIFOLIA.
_Mucronate-leaved Protea._
CLASS IV. ORDER I.
_TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Four Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA 4-fida, seu 4-petala. Antheræ lineares, petalis infra
apices insertæ. Calyx proprius, nullus. Semina solitaria.
BLOSSOM four-cleft, or of four petals. Tips linear, inserted into
the petals below the points. Cup proper, none. Seeds solitary.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
PROTEA foliis lanceolatis, mucronatis, glaucis: involucro
imbricato, ad basin parvo, cuneato, virescente; superis
lanceolatis, patentibus, acutis, albis: floribus terminalibus,
capitatis, carneis, petalis cohærentibus.
PROTEA with lance-shaped, mucronate leaves of a glaucous green: the
involucrum tiled, small at the base, wedge-shaped, and greenish:
those on the upper part are lance-shaped, spreading, pointed, and
white: flowers are terminal and headed, flesh-coloured, with the
petals adhering together.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A flower spread open, one tip magnified.
2. Seed-bud and pointal, summit magnified.
Amongst the smaller species of this extensive genus the Protea
mucronifolia may be placed, but by no means ranked among the least in
beauty. It has been figured in the Paradisus Londinensis, and also in
the Botanical Magazine, and therefore in the botanical world may be no
longer considered as new or rare: but having already figured so many of
the most beautiful, we cannot think of excluding any attractive or
distinct species of this fine tribe of plants.
Our figure was taken from a plant in the garden of G. Hibbert, esq.
[Illustration]
PLATE DI.
HELLENIA ALLUGHAS.
_Ceylon Hellenia._
CLASS I. ORDER I.
_MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ One Chive. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX tubulosus, bifidus. Corolla tripartita, laciniarum apicibus
cucullatis. Nectarium quadrifidum. Capsula globosa, et trivalvis,
septo duplici inclusa, polysperma. Semina arillata.
EMPALEMENT tubular, two-cleft. Blossom three-divided; the points of
the segments are hooded. Nectarium four-cleft. Seed-vessel round,
and three-valved, enclosed in a double loculament, many-seeded.
Seeds arillated.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
HELLENIA foliis lanceolatis, vaginantibus: floribus in racemis
terminalibus odoratissimis.
Habitat in paludibus Zeylanicis.
HELLENIA with lance-shaped sheathing leaves, with terminal racemes
of flowers, which are very sweet-scented.
Native of the marshes about Columbo.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The spathe.
2. The sheath which crowns the seed-bud, cut open.
3. A flower divested of the chives and nectary.
4. The honey-cup.
5. Seed-bud, chives, and pointal.
6. The seed-bud and pointal, summit magnified.
7. The capsule.
8. The same divested of its outer coat.
9. A central branched cord that connects the lobes.
10. One of the lobes of the seed-vessel.
11. The same shown inside, with the seeds exposed
and one lifted from its cell.
12. A seed without its arillus, or skinny coat.
This fine Monandrous plant was named Hellenia by Willdenow, after his
friend Professor Hellenius: the title of Allughas was given it by the
Cingalese, from the fruit when young appearing as if sprinkled with
ashes. Burmann in his Thesaurus Zeylanicus, p. 54, informs us that the
Allughas grows abundantly in the marshes about Columbo; that the flowers
are very odoriferous, and are made into conserves and used as cordials
to strengthen the head and stomach; from the fruit and seed an oil is
extracted that is much used in medicine. Mr. Roscoe, in the 8th vol. of
the Linnæan Transactions, has ranked it under the genus Alpinia; but the
filamentary system of that gentleman we think infinitely too slender to
support the great difference existing between the fruit of our plant and
that of Alpinia.
Our figure was made from a fine living specimen, and the only one that
has ever flowered in this country, raised from seed by A. B. Lambert,
esq.
[Illustration]
PLATE DII.
LOBELIA SURINAMENSIS; _Var. flore rubro_.
_Surinam Lobelia; Red-flowered Variety._
CLASS V. ORDER I.
_PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Five Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX 5-fidus. Corolla 1-petala, 5-fida, irregularis. Antheræ
cohærentes. Capsula infera, 2-seu 3-locularis.
EMPALEMENT 5-cleft. Blossom 1 petal, irregular, 5-cleft. Chives
adhering together. Capsule beneath, 2, sometimes 3 loculaments.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
LOBELIA caule suffruticoso: foliis oblongis, glabris, serratis:
floribus axillaribus, pedunculatis: corollis læte rubris,
pentagonis, curvatis, tubulosis, supra basin impressis.
Habitat in Surinamo.
LOBELIA with a shrubby stem: leaves oblong, smooth, and sawed:
flowers axillary, pedunculated: blossoms of a bright red colour,
five-sided, curved, and tubular, indented just above the base.
Native of Surinam.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The empalement.
2. A blossom spread open.
3. The chives spread open.
4. The seed-bud and pointal.
5. Seed-bud cut transversely.
A fine living specimen of this elegant variety of the Lobelia
Surinamensis was communicated to the author by A. B. Lambert, esq., who
received it amongst a large collection of hot-house plants presented to
him by Lord Seaforth, and collected by that nobleman in the West Indies
whilst Governor of the Island of Barbadoes. The plant from which this
figure was delineated was near four feet high, with numerous branches
terminated by buds and flowers, whose brilliance enlivening the gloomy
month of November, may justly rank it as one of the greatest ornaments
of the hot-stove.
[Illustration]
PLATE DIII.
NYMPHÆA RUBRA.
_Red-flowered Nymphæa._
CLASS XIII. ORDER I.
_POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Many Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA polypetala. Calyx 4-seu 5-phyllus. Bacca multilocularis,
loculis polyspermis.
BLOSSOM many-petalled. Empalement 4-or 5-leaved. Berry many-celled,
with many seeds in each cell.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
NYMPHÆA foliis sub-orbiculatis, irregulariter dentatis,
glaberrimis: lobis approximatis: corollis rubris: radice battatis
assimilatâ, et multiplicante in modum istius vegetabilis.
Nymphæa rubra. _Roxb. MSS._
NYMPHÆA with nearly round leaves irregularly toothed, and very
smooth, with the lobes approximating: blossom red: root resembling
that of a potatoe, and increasing like that vegetable.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A chive.
2. Seed-bud and pointal.
This fine red aquatic is so nearly allied to the Nymphæa Lotus, that
many consider it as only a variety; but it certainly is specifically
distinct in the colour of the flowers, as the term variety can only be
applicable to those lighter or darker shades of colour that may
occasionally vary by culture or climate. This Nymphæa is no doubt, like
the N. Lotus, considered as a sacred plant; but probably that species
may be more highly estimated, from the emblematical purity of its fine
white petals. As four or five more figures will include every species of
this fine section of aquatics at present known, we shall not omit any of
them, and intend, in the course of the ensuing summer, to give a figure
of that most magnificent of all the species the N. Nelumbo.
Our figure was made from a plant in the collection of J. Vere, esq.
raised in a tub of water placed in a common hot-bed; where,
notwithstanding its circumscribed situation, it flowered for the time in
this kingdom, under the care of Mr. Anderson the botanic gardener, who
informs me that this species is capable of great increase from the root,
whilst the N. Lotus affords only one solitary plant.
[Illustration]
PLATE DIV.
SOLANUM SEAFORTHIANUM.
_Seaforth’s Solanum._
CLASS V. ORDER I.
_PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Five Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX 5-fidus. Corolla rotata, limbo 5-fido, patente: tubo brevi.
Antheræ oblongæ, conniventes, apice poris geminis, dehiscentes.
Stigma obtusum. Bacca sub-rotunda.
EMPALEMENT 5-cleft. Blossom wheel-shaped. Border 5-cleft,
spreading. Tube short. Chives oblong, leaning together, with holes
in pairs at the point, and splitting. Stigma obtuse. Berry nearly
round.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SOLANUM caule inermi, scandente, herbaceo: foliis pinnatis,
undulatis: junioribus lanceolatis: floribus in racemo, aut ramo
cymoso, ab axillis foliorum: corollis carneis.
NIGHTSHADE with an unarmed stem, climbing and herbaceous. Leaves
pinnated, and waved: the younger ones lance-shaped. Flowers grow in
a raceme, or cymose branch, from the axillæ of the leaves. Blossom
flesh-colour.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. Empalement and pointal, summit magnified.
2. A blossom spread open.
Throughout this extended genus there are but few which possess
attractions equal to this new and undescribed species of Solanum. It was
introduced by Lord Seaforth from the West Indies; and although brought
from so warm a climate, it succeeds best in the conservatory. It
approaches nearest in its general appearance to the S. radicans of
Linnæus, but Mr. Lambert informs me that it is not at all inclined to
root, like that species. The specimen which our figure represents was
sent to us in fine bloom by Mr. J. Milne, botanic gardener.
[Illustration]
PLATE DV.
ORNITHOGALUM FLAVISSIMUM.
_Yellow-flowered Star of Bethlehem._
CLASS VI. ORDER I.
_HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Six Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA 6-petala, persistens. Filamenta basi dilatata. Capsula
3-locularis. Semina subrotunda, nuda.
BLOSSOM 6-petalled, remaining. Threads widened at the base. Capsule
3-celled. Seeds roundish, naked.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
ORNITHOGALUM racemo longo: floribus magnis, flavissimis: bracteis
membranaceis, ovato-acutis: foliis lanceolatis, reflexis.
Ornithogalum flavissimum. _Jacq. Icones, 2. tab. 436._
STAR OF BETHLEHEM with a long spike: the flowers are large, and
very yellow: the flower-prop is skinny, and pointedly egg-shaped:
leaves lance-shaped, and reflexed.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A bract or flower-prop.
2. Seed-bud, chives, and pointal.
3. Seed-bud and pointal, summit magnified.
4. A transverse section of the seed-bud magnified.
This yellow Ornithogalum was communicated to the author by the Hon. W.
Irby, last summer, from his collection at Farnham Royal, where it was
raised, we understand, from the seed of the O. aureum. The only figure
of it extant is in the Icones of Jacquin. The continuance and abundance
of its fine bloom may justly rank it amongst the most attractive of the
genus.
ERRATUM.--In our last Number, Pl. DI, in the generic character of
Hellenia describing the capsule, instead of trivalvis, septo
duplici inclusa, read e-valvis, trilocularis--valveless,
three-celled.
[Illustration]
PLATE DVI.
RUELLIA CRISTATA.
_Crested Ruellia._
CLASS IV. ORDER I.
_TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Four Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX 5-partitus. Corolla monopetala, limbo 5-lobo, inæquali.
Stamina biconjugata. Stylus filiformis. Stigma bifidum. Capsula
dissepimentis dentatis, elasticis, dehiscentibus. Semina pauca.
EMPALEMENT 5-parted. Blossom one petal: border 5-lobed, unequal.
Chives by pairs. Shaft thread-shaped. Summit two-cleft. Capsule
with the partitions toothed, elastic, and splitting. Seeds few.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
RUELLIA cristata, spicis terminalibus, tetragonis: corollis
coccineis: oris laciniis inæqualibus, acutis: lacinia inferiore
revolutâ: foliis sub-lanceolatis, acuminatis, undulatisque.
Justicia cristata. _Jacq. Hort. Schœn, vol. iii. tab. 320._
RUELLIA with crested flowers growing in a terminal four-sided
spike. Blossoms scarlet: the segments of the border are unequal and
pointed: the lower segment is rolled back: the leaves are nearly
lance-shaped, pointed, and undulated.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The empalement.
2. A blossom spread open.
3. Seed-bud and pointal, summit magnified.
Of this fine stove plant there is a very good figure in the Hortus
Schœnbrunnensis of Jacquin, under the appellation of Justicia cristata.
But finding the generic character accord much better with the genus
Ruellia, we have, in conformity to the sexual system of Linnæus, given
it under that title. Our figure represents only a side branch of the
plant, whose size was congenial to the dimensions of the work; and
although the centre branch would have been, like Jacquin’s figure, more
splendid, it would by no means have been so picturesque. It flowered for
the first time in this country with A. B. Lambert, esq., and was
introduced by Lord Seaforth from the West Indies.
[Illustration]
PLATE DVII.
PROTEA ABROTANIFOLIA.
_Southernwood-leaved Protea._
CLASS IV. ORDER I.
_TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Four Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA 4-fida, seu 4-petala. Antheræ lineares, petalis infra
apices insertæ. Calyx proprius, nullus. Semina solitaria.
BLOSSOM four-cleft, or of four petals. Tips linear, inserted into
the petals below the points. Cup proper, none. Seeds solitary.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
PROTEA foliis bipinnatis, filiformibus, glabris: floribus
terminalibus, umbellatis: pedunculis longis, bracteis magnis,
reflexis: corollis carneis, externe villosis.
Habitat ad Caput Bonæ Spei.
PROTEA with doubly-winged leaves, thread-shaped, and smooth:
flowers terminate the branches in umbels: footstalks are long, with
large reflexed floral leaves: blossom flesh-coloured, and hairy on
the outer side.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A leaf.
2. A flower with its bract, one tip magnified.
3. Seed-bud and pointal, summit magnified.
4. A branch of a slight variety.
This Protea is one of a fine section with small divided leaves, that
very much resemble the southernwood (whence our specific title). We have
already four drawings of distinct species, besides varieties, whose
foliage is likewise characteristic of that shrub. On the same plate we
have given part of the branch of a variety that we think bears too much
resemblance to require a separate figure.
Our drawing was made last July from plants in the Hibbertian
collection.
[Illustration]
PLATE DVIII.
CACTUS GRANDIFLORUS.
_Large-lowered Cereus._
CLASS XII. ORDER I.
_ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ About 20 Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX monophyllus, superus, imbricatus. Corolla multiplex. Bacca
monolocularis, polysperma.
EMPALEMENT one-leafed, above, tiled. Blossom of many folds. Berry
of one loculament, many-seeded.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
CACTUS scandens vel repens, ramosus, articulatus, cum radiculis
lateralibus: ramis sex-vel octagonis, aculeos stellatos ferentibus.
Calyx radiatus, flavus: corollis albis. Flores magni, vesperè
expansi, odorem fragrantissimum exhalantes.
_Miller’s Icones, tab. 90._
CEREUS with a climbing or creeping stem, branching, jointed, with
small side-roots: branches six-or eight-angled, bearing starry
prickles. Empalement rayed and yellow. Blossom white. Flowers
large, expanding in the evening, and breathing a most fragrant
odour.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A flower divested of the petals, and spread open.
This elegant hot-house plant has been figured by several authors, and is
well known by the appellation of the Night-blowing Cereus, and yet but
few of Flora’s lovely train, warmed by the mid-day sun’s refulgent
beams, in splendour can compare with this nocturnal beauty, whose
brilliant flowers expand about sun-set. But, alas! too soon condemned to
fade, they close up early on the following morn. Sometimes they have
been found unclosed almost within an hour of noon: a circumstance that
very rarely happens, as it generally displays its graceful blossoms to
Cynthia’s silver beams, perfuming the still cool air of midnight with
its aromatic fragrance.
Our figure was taken from a plant in the collection of the Dowager Lady
de Clifford at Dudley Grove, Paddington.
[Illustration]
PLATE DIX.
GENTIANA FIMBRIATA.
_Fringed-flowered Gentian._
CLASS V. ORDER II.
_PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA._ Five Chives. Two Pointals.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX monophyllus. Corolla monopetala. Capsula bivalvis,
unilocularis, receptaculis duobus longitudinalibus.
EMPALEMENT one-leafed. Blossom one petal. Capsule two-valved,
one-celled, with two longitudinal receptacles.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
GENTIANA corollis quadrifidis, marginibus fimbriatis, colore
cæruleo, in sole tantùm expandentibus, spithamæis: foliis
ovato-acuminatis, oppositis, alternatis.
Habitat in America boreali.
GENTIAN with blossoms four-cleft, and fringed margins, of a blue
colour, expanding only in the sun, a span high, with ovate-pointed
leaves opposite and alternate.
Native of North America.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The empalement.
2. A blossom spread open.
3. Seed-bud and pointals.
4. The same spread open.
This new and undescribed species of Gentian possesses many attractions.
Its flowers are of a fine shining purply blue colour, and remain a long
time in perfection, but only expand with the assistance of solar ray.
Our figure represents a group of seedling plants, just as we found them
growing in a small pot in the nursery of Messrs. Whitley and Brames, who
inform me they raised them from seed, and they flowered the second year,
but think they will only prove biennial.
[Illustration]
PLATE DX.
ASPALATHUS GLOBOSUS.
_Round-flowering Aspalathus._
CLASS XVII. ORDER IV.
_DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA._ Threads in two Sets. Ten Chives.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX quinquefidus. Corolla papilionacea. Legumen ovatum,
inaristatum, sub-dispermum.
EMPALEMENT five-cleft. Blossom butterfly-shaped. Pod egg-shaped,
beardless, nearly two-seeded.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
ASPALATHUS foliis ramos vestientibus, linearibus, tomentosis:
floribus terminalibus, in capitulo rotundato villoso confertis:
corollis fuscis: ramis longis, gracilibus.
ASPALATHUS with leaves clothing the branches, linear, and downy:
flowers terminal, crowded together in a round woolly head: blossom
brown: branches long and slender.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A flower.
2. The empalement spread open.
3. The standard.
4. One of the wings.
5. The keel.
6. The chives.
7. The same magnified.
8. Seed-bud and pointal.
9. The same magnified.
This nondescript species of Aspalathus we have not seen in any
collection but that of G. Hibbert, esq. where in the summer of 1801 it
was in fine bloom, full three feet high, and its long pendulous branches
gave it a very graceful appearance. Its compact globular heads of
flowers remained a considerable time in perfection; but the close soft
hair with which they were surrounded, indicated a delicacy of habit too
susceptible of the damps which have since destroyed the plant, and we
believe it is for the present lost to this country.
[Illustration]
PLATE DXI.
SOLANUM BETACEUM.
_Beet-like Solanum._
CLASS V. ORDER I.
_PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Five Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA rotata. Antheræ subcoalitæ, apice poris geminis,
dehiscentes. Bacca bilocularis.
BLOSSOM wheel-shaped. Antheræ nearly joined together, with holes in
pairs at the point, and splitting. Berry two-locular.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SOLANUM caule inermi, erecto, maculate, altissimo: foliis
radicalibus permagnis, fœtidissimis: corollis carneis, patentibus,
ad apicem sub-reflexis, qui cucullatus est.
_Cavanilles Icones, vol. vi. 15. tab. 524._
NIGHTSHADE with an unarmed stem, upright, spotted, and very tall.
The radical leaves are very large, and extremely fetid. Blossoms
flesh-coloured, spreading, and somewhat reflexed at the point,
which is hooded.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The empalement.
2. A blossom spread open.
3. Seed-bud and pointal.
4. A transverse section of the seed-bud magnified.
This gigantic plant is by far the largest species of Solanum at present
known. Our figure represents upper part of a plant that was twelve feet
high, and the only one that ever flowered in this kingdom, in the
collection of A. B. Lambert, esq. who informed me that the radical
leaves measured fifteen inches in breadth and twenty in length. There is
but one figure of it extant, and that is in the Icones of Cavanilles,
who knew not whence it was indigenous: but it is supposed to be a native
of South America. It thrives best against the shelter of a south wall in
summer, but in winter requires the protection of the green-house. We
have seen two plants of it in the collection at Holland-house, the
enormous size of whose foliage then indicated an equal magnitude with
our plant when they arrive at a flowering state. At present it is very
scarce, and likely so to continue from the extreme fetidity of the
foliage. Upon burning a piece of the stalk, it displayed such a nitrous
appearance as indicated it to be very strongly impregnated with
saltpetre.
[Illustration]
PLATE DXII.
PROTEA PINNATA.
_Winged-leaved Protea._
CLASS IV. ORDER I.
_TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Four Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA 4-fida, seu 4-petala. Antheræ lineares, petalis infra
apices insertæ. Calyx proprius, nullus. Semina solitaria.
BLOSSOM four-cleft, or of four petals. Tips linear, inserted into
the petals below the points. Cup proper, none. Seeds solitary.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
PROTEA pinnata: floribus glomeratis, capitatis, terminalibus:
corollis rubris, pilosis.
Habitat ad Caput Bonæ Spei.
PROTEA with winged leaves: flowers grow in round terminal heads:
blossoms red and hairy.
Native of Cape of Good Hope.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The flower prop.
2. A blossom with one tip magnified.
3. Seed-bud and pointal, summit magnified.
This new species of Protea resembles in its flowers the P. glomerata, in
its foliage the P. argentiflora, but altogether is very different from
either. Like most of the genus, it is slow in growth, and remains a long
time in perfection. Our drawing was made at the Hibbertian collection
the summer before last. We also observed it again last year, very near
unfolding its flowers; but being later in the autumn than usual, most
probably prevented their expansion. We are inclined to think this
species is rather tender, and, like too many of this extensive family,
requires great care and attention to preserve: a circumstance that most
likely prevents their being in that request which their beauty and
versatility would otherwise command.
[Illustration]
PLATE DXIII.
CACTUS HEXAGONUS.
_Great Torch Thistle._
CLASS XII. ORDER I.
_ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ About 20 Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX monophyllus, superus, imbricatus. Corolla multiplex. Bacca
monolocularis, polysperma.
EMPALEMENT one-leafed, above, tiled. Blossom of many folds. Berry
of one loculament, many-seeded.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
CACTUS erectus, altissimus, maximus, sex-et octagonus, angulis
distantibus, aculeos stellatos ferens. Calyx tubulosus, viridis:
corollis radiatis, albis: petalis exterioribus læviter purpureis.
Habitat in Surinamo.
_Cactus hexagonus. Willd. Sp. Pl._
CACTUS with an upright stem, tall and large, six-and eight-sided,
angles distant, bearing starry prickles. Empalement tubular, and
green. Blossom rayed, and white: the outer petals slightly tinged
with purple.
Native of Surinam.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A flower divested of the petals, and
cut open to the base of the tube.
2. The seed-bud cut transversely.
3. One of the side shoots.
4. Miniature figure of the plant.
No genus of plants more remarkable has yet been discovered than that to
which our present subject belongs, whether we consider their simple
succulent structure, strange diversity of form and habit, or the
geometrical manner of their growth and disposition of their spines. Some
of them, like the _Opuntia_ and _Ficus Indica_, grow like figs or
cucumbers stuck one upon another; others, like C. curassavicus, resemble
a little cushion stuck full of pins with the points outwards; the C.
Melocactus and mammillaris are like melons covered with prickles: one,
the moniliformis, has globular joints: the C. Tuna, (which Jacquin in
his History of the Plants of America informs us is planted in the Island
of St. Eustatius round their towns as fortifications,) the coccinilifer,
and some others, have compressed ones: in C. Phyllanthus they are
two-edged: we have Cactus triangularis, tetragonus, pentagonus, and the
hexagonus now figured, but which varies occasionally from 6 to 8: we
also have 7-8-9-10-14-and 15-angled species, even their spines are
regularly disposed in quincunxes.
Monsieur Thiery, in his Voyage à Guaxaca informs us that in Mexico he
found whole forests of the Cactus composed of 8 or 10 different species,
from 40 to 50 feet high, and some of them 5 or 6 feet in circumference.
Woe to the unfortunate traveller who is under them in a storm, when
their thorny tops are dashed to the ground! his destruction is
inevitable. In Mexico and Campeachy, not only the fruits but the young
shoots of most of the species of Cacti are eaten: ragouts are also made
of the buds and unopened flowers: even their seeds are made into bread,
and that of the smaller sorts (as C. mammillaris) into tarts; of which
Monsieur Thiery says he had tasted, and they were excellent. With the
fruit of C. Pitahiaha and that of C. Tuna he supported himself when
almost famished in traversing the sandy deserts. Professor Jacquin also
informs us, that the fruits of all the species he found in America were
eaten by the natives. The arts are likewise much indebted to the genus
Cactus, as the cochineal insect (so essential in the formation of our
fine lake and carmine colours) can only be bred upon the coccinilifer
and some other species of Cacti.
Our figure represents a plant that flowered in the hot-house of Major
Leathes at bury St. Edmunds. The living specimen, accompanied with an
accurate miniature representation of the plant, was obligingly
communicated by the Rev. G. R. Leathes, who informs me that it was 17
feet high; that the bend at the top was owing to a want of room in its
ascent, which subverted its otherwise naturally erect posture; that it
began to flower in July, expanding about 5 in the afternoon, and was in
the greatest perfection at midnight: but as the autumn advanced the
flowers opened later and later, till at last in the month of October (by
which time at least 30 had been produced) they did not open till 9 or 10
o’clock in the morning. It is increased by the side shoots, whose
absence adds vigour to the plant, which is as hardy as any of the
species, and may be kept in a green-house, but will not flower without
the assistance of the hot-house, and even then is very rarely to be
found in bloom.
[Illustration]
PLATE DXIV.
PÆONIA ANOMALA.
_Anomalous-leaved Pæony._
CLASS XIII. ORDER V.
_POLYANDRIA PENTAGYNIA._ Many Chives. Five Pointals.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX 5-phyllus. Petala 5. Styli 0. Capsulæ polyspermæ.
CUP 5-leaved. Petals 5. Pointal none. Capsules many-seeded.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
PÆONIA foliis biternatis, multipartitis: foliolis lanceolatis,
undulatis, glabris: corollis læte purpureis, depressis: capsulis
glabris.
Habitat in totâ Sibiria.
PÆONY with biternate leaves, many-parted. Leaflets lance-shaped,
waved, and smooth. Blossom of a bright purple, depressed. Capsules
smooth.
Native throughout Siberia.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The empalement shown from the outer side.
2. Seed-buds, chives, and pointals.
Our figure represents a fine and at present very rare species of Pæony,
not only ornamental in its flowers, but useful in its roots, which are
eaten by the Mongolians in Tartary, at their meals, as vegetables. It
flowered for the first time in this country in the month of July 1807 in
the garden of Mr. J. Bell, near Brentford.
[Illustration]
PLATE DXV.
CYNANCHUM MUCRONATUM.
_Mucronate-leaved Cynanchum._
CLASS V. ORDER II.
_PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA._ Five Chives. Two Pointals.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CONTORTUM. Nectarium cylindricum, quinquedentatum.
CONTORTED. Honey-cup cylindrical, five-toothed.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
CYNANCHUM caule scandente, piloso: foliis sub-cordatis, apice
mucronatis: floribus axillaribus, in umbellis proliferis: corollis
purpureis et virescentibus: oris laciniis acutis, tortis, reflexis.
Habitat in Insula Trinidada.
CYNANCHUM with a hairy climbing stem. Leaves nearly heart-shaped,
with a mucronated end. Flowers axillary, in proliferous umbels.
Blossoms purple and greenish. Segments of the border pointed,
twisted, and bent back.
Native of the Island of Trinidad.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The empalement.
2. The blossom spread open.
3. The parts of fructification magnified.
4. The outer scale of the honey-cup.
5. The inner of the same.
6. The seed-bud, shaft, summit and chives, magnified.
This handsome new species of Cynanchum was introduced by Lord Seaforth,
who informs us that it is a native of the Island of Trinidad. It
flowered with A. B. Lambert, esq. at Royston House, last June, for the
first time in England, and is not as yet in any other collection. It is
very free grower, running to a great length, with many umbels of
flowers, which succeed each other during most part of the summer.
[Illustration]
PLATE DXVI.
ASTRAGALUS VILLOSUS.
_Hairy Astragalus._
CLASS XVII. ORDER IV.
_DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA._ Two Brotherhoods. Ten Chives.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
LEGUMEN plerumque biloculare, gibbum. Semina biserialia.
A POD mostly two-celled, bunched. Seeds in two rows.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
ASTRAGALUS caule humili villoso: foliis pinnatis: foliolis 20-30,
oblongis, geminis, villosis: petiolis longissimis, villosis:
floribus aggregatis viride flavis: leguminibus oblongis, lanatis.
ASTRAGALUS with a low hairy stem. Leaves winged. Leaflets 20 to 30,
oblong, in pairs, and villous. Footstalk of the leaves very long,
and hairy. Flowers in bunches, of a greenish yellow. Pod oblong,
and woolly.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The empalement.
2. The standard.
3. One of the wings.
4. The keel.
5. The chives.
6. The same spread open.
7. Seed-bud and pointal.
8. The same shown from the under side.
The figure of this handsome hardy perennial shrub was delineated from a
plant in the collection of J. Swainson, esq. at Twickenham, where it was
raised from seed received from Vienna in the year 1805, under the title
of Astragalus exscapus: but upon comparison with the figures extant of
that species, we could not with propriety rank it under that
denomination, especially as it bears as much or more resemblance to some
of the surrounding species of that extensive family, one hundred and
seventy-four of which are already enumerated by Willdenow. It is a plant
of very humble growth, but by no means stemless, and produces flowers in
abundant succession during the months of July and August.
[Illustration]
PLATE DXVII.
PROTEA IMBRICATA.
_Imbricated-leaved Protea._
CLASS IV. ORDER I.
_TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Four Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA 4-fida, seu 4-petals. Antheræ lineares, petalis infra
apices insertæ. Calyx proprius, nullus. Semina solitaria.
BLOSSOM four-cleft, or of four petals. Tips linear, inserted into
the petals below the points. Cup proper, none. Seeds solitary.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
PROTEA foliis imbricatis, lanceolatis, nervosis, pilosis: floribus
terminalibus, confertim capitatis, villosis.
Habitat ad Caput Bonæ Spei.
_Thunb. Diss. 45. t. 5. f. 2._
PROTEA with imbricated leaves, lance-shaped, nerved, and hairy:
flowers terminal, in crowded heads, and hairy.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A leaf magnified.
2. An umbel of flowers.
3. A chive magnified.
4. Seed-bud and pointal.
This Cape species is described and figured by Thunberg in his
Dissertation on the genus Protea. It is rather a tender plant, and
flowers at first very sparingly; which is the case with almost all this
tribe for the first year or two: after they are more familiarized to our
climate they become much more prolific. We have seen native specimens of
this species abundant in flowers terminating every branch.
Our figure was made from a plant in the conservatory of G. Hibbert, esq.
whose collection still contains unrivalled the greatest number of new
and beautiful species of Protea.
[Illustration]
PLATE DXVIII.
MAGNOLIA GRANDIFLORA.
_Larger-flowered Magnolia._
CLASS XIII. ORDER VII.
_POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA._ Many Chives. Many Pointals.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX 3-phyllus. Petala 6-12. Capsulæ 2-valves, imbricatæ. Semina
baccata, pendula.
CUP 3-leaved. Petals 6-12. Capsules 2-valved, tiled. Seeds berried,
pendulous.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
MAGNOLIA foliis persistentibus, lanceolatis, obtusis, marginibus
cartilagineis, supra viridi-lucidis, subtus ferrugineis: corollis
magnis, crassis, albis, odoratissimis.
Habitat in Florida et Carolina meridionali.
MAGNOLIA with leaves persistent, lance-shaped, and blunt, with
cartilaginous margins of a shining green on the upper surface, and
rusty-coloured beneath. Blossoms large, thick, white, and very
sweet-scented.
Native of Florida and South Carolina.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.