CHAPTER III._Handbook for Light Artillery

3.6-inch Rifle, etc. 3.6-inch Mortar, etc. Weights and Dimensions of

Foreign Artillery.

3.6.-INCH B. L. RIFLE, MODEL 1891 (REVISED).

Material steel

Total length 7.79 feet

Calibre 3.6 inches

Weight 1181 pounds

Grooves 26

Twist of rifling { 1 turn in 50 to

{ 1 turn in 25 calibers

Axis of trunnions above ground 3.56 feet

Powder-chamber cylindrical

Vent axial

Preponderance 31 pounds

Muzzle velocity 1550 ft.-sec.

Maximum range for shrapnel 7420 yards

[Illustration: FIG. 49.]

This gun is similar in construction to the 3.2-inch (revised November

11, 1892).

NOMENCLATURE.--_ab_, locking-shoulder and recess; _c_, conical

gas-check seat; _d_, cylindrical powder-chamber; _e_, connecting slope

for seat of rotary band; _f_, slope from no lands to maximum lands.

SIGHTS.

Similar to those of 3.2-inch gun.

AMMUNITION AND FUZES.

The ammunition differs only in weight and dimensions from that

described for the 3.2-inch gun. Fuzes are the same.

Powder-charge 4.1875 pounds U. F. sphero-hex.

Weight of shell, filled 20 pounds

Bursting-charge, shell 14½ ounces

Weight of shrapnel, complete 20 pounds

Bursting-charge, shrapnel 4 ounces

Total number of balls 218

Total number of individual pieces 280

CARRIAGES, LIMBERS, CAISSONS, COMBINED BATTERY-WAGON AND FORGE,

ARTILLERY-WAGON.

The carriage for this gun weighs 1300 pounds. The first 25 carriages

were made with the double-screw elevating device, and the second 25

with the first form of lazy-tongs, and were intended for the 3.2-inch

gun. They have been changed for 3.6-inch guns by cutting out the

upper-front transom under the trunnion beds leaving only enough metal

on each side to hold the eyebolts of the forked radial bar for the

elevating device, and cap squares with eyebolts have been substituted

for the old cap squares with chin and eyebolts. The double-screw

elevating device on the 25 carriages now having them are retained; but

all others will have a form of lazy-tongs, operated by bevel gears and

a crank handle at the side, like that of the double screw; otherwise

the carriage is similar to that of the 3.2-inch gun already described.

The limber-chests will probably be fitted for 36 rounds of ammunition;

which is the only difference between limbers, caissons, etc., used with

3.2-inch and 3.6-inch guns.

HARNESS, ETC.

See page 150 _et seq._

3.6-INCH B. L. RIFLE.

Shrapnel, 20 lbs. Muzzle velocity, 1550 ft.-sec. _c_=1.03. Log

_C_=.17559.

------+--------------------------+----------+-----------+--------

| Elevation. | | |

------+-----------------+--------+ | |

------+--------+--------+--------+----------+-----------+--------

500 | | 18 | 0 | 12 | 4.4 | 1.04

600 | | 26 | 0 | 12 | 5.2 | 1.27

700 | | 34 | 1 | 11 | 6.1 | 1.50

800 | | 44 | 1 | 10 | 7.0 | 1.74

900 | | 54 | 2 | 10 | 7.8 | 1.98

------+--------+--------+--------+----------+-----------+--------

1000 | 1 | 04 | 3 | 10 | 8.7 | 2.24

1100 | 1 | 14 | 3 | 9 | 9.6 | 2.50

1200 | 1 | 24 | 2 | 9 | 10.4 | 2.76

1300 | 1 | 34 | 2 | 8 | 11.3 | 3.03

1400 | 1 | 46 | 3 | 8 | 12.2 | 3.31

------+--------+--------+--------+----------+-----------+--------

1500 | 1 | 58 | 4 | 8 | 13.0 | 3.60

1600 | 2 | 10 | 4 | 8 | 13.9 | 3.88

1700 | 2 | 22 | 4 | 8 | 14.8 | 4.17

1800 | 2 | 36 | 7 | 7 | 15.7 | 4.45

1900 | 2 | 49 | 7 | 7 | 16.5 | 4.76

------+--------+--------+--------+----------+-----------+--------

2000 | 3 | 03 | 8 | 7 | 17.4 | 5.06

2100 | 3 | 16 | 9 | 7 | 18.3 | 5.38

2200 | 3 | 31 | 10 | 7 | 19.1 | 5.69

2300 | 3 | 46 | 10 | 7 | 20.0 | 6.00

2400 | 4 | 01 | 10 | 7 | 20.9 | 6.31

------+--------+--------+--------+----------+-----------+--------

2500 | 4 | 16 | 11 | 6 | 21.7 | 6.63

2600 | 4 | 32 | 12 | 6 | 22.6 | 6.96

2700 | 4 | 49 | 13 | 6 | 23.5 | 7.28

2800 | 5 | 06 | 14 | 6 | 24.4 | 7.61

2900 | 5 | 24 | 16 | 6 | 25.2 | 7.95

------+--------+--------+--------+----------+-----------+--------

3000 | 5 | 41 | 16 | 6 | 26.1 | 8.28

3100 | 5 | 59 | 17 | 6 | 27.0 | 8.62

3200 | 6 | 18 | 19 | 5 | 27.8 | 8.97

3300 | 6 | 37 | 20 | 5 | 28.7 | 9.31

3400 | 6 | 56 | 21 | 5 | 29.6 | 9.64

------+--------+--------+--------+----------+-----------+--------

3500 | 7 | 16 | 22 | 5 | 30.5 | 9.98

3600 | 7 | 37 | 24 | 5 | 31.3 | 10.31

3700 | 7 | 58 | 26 | 5 | 32.2 | 10.69

3800 | 8 | 19 | 27 | 5 | 33.1 | 11.04

3900 | 8 | 41 | 28 | 4 | 33.9 | 11.35

------+--------+--------+--------+----------+-----------+--------

4000 | 9 | 02 | 29 | 4 | 34.8 | 11.70

4100 | 9 | 24 | 30 | 4 | 35.7 | 12.08

4200 | 9 | 46 | 32 | 4 | 36.5 | 12 42

4300 | 10 | 10 | 34 | 4 | 37.4 | 12.81

4400 | 10 | 33 | 37 | 4 | 38.3 | 13.16

4500 | 10 | 58 | 41 | 4 | 39.2 | 13.57

------+--------+--------+--------+----------+-----------+--------

[Part 2 of Table.]

------+-------------------------+----------+------------------------------+---------

| Fuze-scale. | Change | Fall. |

------+--------------+----------+in Height +-----------------+------------+Terminal

| | | | | |

------+------+-------+----------+----------+--------+--------+------------+---------

500 | 1 | 5 | 75 | .4 | | 42 | 82 | 1345

600 | 1 | 1 | 73 | | | 52 | 66 | 1307

700 | 1 | 2 | 71 | | 1 | 03 | 55 | 1270

800 | 1 | 4 | 68 | | 1 | 15 | 46 | 1236

900 | 1 | 5 | 67 | | 1 | 28 | 39 | 1204

------+------+-------+----------+----------+--------+--------+------------+---------

1000 | 2 | 0 | 65 | .9 | 1 | 41 | 34 | 1173

1100 | 2 | 2 | 64 | | 1 | 56 | 30 | 1144

1200 | 2 | 4 | 62 | | 2 | 11 | 26 | 1117

1300 | 2 | 5 | 60 | | 2 | 27 | 23 | 1092

1400 | 3 | 1 | 59 | | 2 | 44 | 21 | 1069

------+------+-------+----------+----------+--------+--------+------------+---------

1500 | 3 | 3 | 58 | 1.3 | 3 | 02 | 19 | 1048

1600 | 3 | 4 | 57 | | 3 | 20 | 17 | 1030

1700 | 4 | 0 | 56 | | 3 | 40 | 16 | 1013

1800 | 4 | 2 | 55 | | 4 | 00 | 14 | 998

1900 | 4 | 3 | 55 | | 4 | 20 | 13 | 983

------+------+-------+----------+----------+--------+--------+------------+---------

2000 | 4 | 5 | 54 | 1.7 | 4 | 41 | 12 | 969

2100 | 5 | 1 | 53 | | 5 | 03 | 11 | 955

2200 | 5 | 3 | 52 | | 5 | 25 | 10.5 | 942

2300 | 5 | 5 | 52 | | 5 | 48 | 10 | 929

2400 | 6 | 0 | 51 | | 6 | 12 | 9 | 917

------+------+-------+----------+----------+--------+--------+------------+---------

2500 | 6 | 2 | 50 | 2.3 | 6 | 37 | 8.5 | 905

2600 | 6 | 4 | 50 | | 7 | 03 | 8 | 893

2700 | 7 | 0 | 49 | | 7 | 29 | 7.5 | 882

2800 | 7 | 2 | 48 | | 7 | 56 | 7 | 871

2900 | 7 | 4 | 48 | | 8 | 24 | 7 | 860

------+------+-------+----------+----------+--------+--------+------------+---------

3000 | 8 | 0 | 48 | 2.6 | 8 | 52 | 6.5 | 850

3100 | 8 | 2 | 47 | | 9 | 22 | 6 | 840

3200 | 8 | 4 | 47 | | 9 | 51 | 6 | 830

3300 | 9 | 1 | 46 | | 10 | 23 | 5.5 | 821

3400 | 9 | 3 | 45 | | 10 | 55 | 5 | 812

------+------+-------+----------+----------+--------+--------+------------+---------

3500 | 9 | 5 | 44 | 3.0 | 11 | 28 | 5 | 803

3600 | 10 | 1 | 44 | | 12 | 02 | 4.5 | 794

3700 | 10 | 3 | 44 | | 12 | 37 | 4.5 | 786

3800 | 10 | 5 | 43 | | 13 | 13 | 4 | 778

3900 | 11 | 1 | 43 | | 13 | 49 | 4 | 770

------+------+-------+----------+----------+--------+--------+------------+---------

4000 | 11 | 3 | 42 | 3.6 | 14 | 27 | 4 | 762

4100 | 11 | 5 | 42 | | 15 | 05 | 3.5 | 755

4200 | 12 | 1 | 41 | | 15 | 45 | 3.5 | 748

4300 | 12 | 3 | 41 | | 16 | 24 | 3.5 | 741

4400 | 13 | 0 | 41 | | 17 | 07 | 3 | 734

4500 | 13 | 2 | 40 | 4.0 | 17 | 52 | 3 | 727

------+------+-------+----------+----------+--------+--------+------------+---------

RANGE TABLE FOR 3.6-INCH B. L. R.

Shell, 20 lbs. Muzzle velocity, 1550 ft. sec. _c_ =.93.

Bursting-charge, 14½ oz. Log _C_ =.21996.

-----------------+------------------------+-------+------------------+--------

| +----------+-------------+ +------+-----------+

------+----+-----+----------+-------------+-------+------+-----------+---------

Yards.| ° | ′ | Yards. | Feet. | Sec. | °| ′ | Yards. |Ft.-sec.

500 | | 18 | 12 | 4.4 | 1.08 | | 41| 84 | 1364

600 | | 26 | 11 | 5.2 | 1.25 | | 51| 67 | 1329

700 | | 35 | 11 | 6.1 | 1.48 | 1| 02| 55 | 1296

800 | | 43 | 11 | 7.0 | 1.72 | 1| 13| 47 | 1263

900 | | 52 | 10 | 7.8 | 1.96 | 1| 25| 40 | 1233

------+----+-----+----------+-------------+-------+--+---+-----------+--------

1000 | 1 | 01 | 9 | 8.7 | 2.20 | 1| 38| 35 | 1203

1100 | 1 | 11 | 9 | 9.6 | 2.45 | 1| 52| 31 | 1175

1200 | 1 | 22 | 9 | 10.4 | 2.70 | 2| 06| 27 | 1149

1300 | 1 | 32 | 9 | 11.3 | 2.96 | 2| 21| 24 | 1123

1400 | 1 | 43 | 8 | 12.2 | 3.24 | 2| 37| 22 | 1098

------+----+-----+----------+-------------+-------+--+---+-----------+--------

1500 | 1 | 54 | 8 | 13.0 | 3.52 | 2| 53| 20 | 1079

1600 | 2 | 06 | 8 | 13.9 | 3.80 | 3| 11| 18 | 1060

1700 | 2 | 18 | 8 | 14.8 | 4.08 | 3| 29| 16 | 1042

1800 | 2 | 29 | 8 | 15.7 | 4.37 | 3| 48| 15 | 1026

1900 | 2 | 42 | 8 | 16.5 | 4.66 | 4| 07| 14 | 1011

------+----+-----+----------+-------------+-------+--+---+-----------+--------

2000 | 2 | 55 | 7 | 17.4 | 4.96 | 4| 27| 13 | 997

2100 | 3 | 07 | 7 | 18.3 | 5.26 | 4| 48| 12 | 984

2200 | 3 | 21 | 7 | 19.1 | 5.56 | 5| 09| 11 | 971

2300 | 3 | 36 | 7 | 20.0 | 5.87 | 5| 30| 10 | 959

2400 | 3 | 51 | 7 | 20.9 | 6.18 | 5| 52| 9.5 | 947

------+----+-----+----------+-------------+-------+--+---+-----------+--------

2500 | 4 | 05 | 6 | 21.7 | 6.49 | 6| 15| 9 | 935

2600 | 4 | 20 | 6 | 22.6 | 6.80 | 6| 38| 8.5 | 924

2700 | 4 | 36 | 6 | 23.5 | 7.11 | 7| 02| 8 | 913

2800 | 4 | 52 | 6 | 24.4 | 7.43 | 7| 27| 7.5 | 903

2900 | 5 | 08 | 6 | 25.2 | 7.75 | 7| 53| 7 | 892

------+----+-----+----------+-------------+-------+--+---+-----------+--------

3000 | 5 | 25 | 6 | 26.1 | 8.08 | 8| 20| 7 | 882

3100 | 5 | 42 | 6 | 27.0 | 8.40 | 8| 47| 6.5 | 872

3200 | 5 | 59 | 6 | 27.8 | 8.72 | 9| 15| 6 | 863

3300 | 6 | 17 | 6 | 28.7 | 9.05 | 9| 44| 6 | 854

3400 | 6 | 35 | 5 | 29.6 | 9.38 |10| 13| 5.5 | 845

------+----+-----+----------+-------------+-------+--+---+-----------+--------

3500 | 6 | 54 | 5 | 30.5 | 9.72 |10| 43| 5 | 836

3600 | 7 | 13 | 5 | 31.3 | 10.06 |11| 14| 5 | 827

3700 | 7 | 32 | 5 | 32.2 | 10.40 |11| 45| 5 | 819

3800 | 7 | 52 | 5 | 33.1 | 10.74 |12| 16| 4.5 | 811

3900 | 8 | 13 | 5 | 33.9 | 11.08 |12| 47| 4.5 | 803

------+----+-----+----------+-------------+-------+--+---+-----------+--------

4000 | 8 | 33 | 5 | 34.8 | 11.42 |13| 25| 4 | 796

4100 | 8 | 54 | 5 | 35.7 | 11.77 |14| 01| 4 | 788

4200 | 9 | 14 | 5 | 36.5 | 12.11 |14| 37| 4 | 781

4300 | 9 | 36 | 5 | 37.4 | 12.44 |15| 13| 3.5 | 774

4400 | 9 | 56 | 5 | 38.3 | 12.76 |15| 50| 3.5 | 768

4500 | 10 | 17 | 5 | 39.2 | 13.08 |16| 27| 3 | 762

------+----+-----+----------+-------------+-------+--+---+-----------+--------

3.6-INCH B L FIELD-MORTAR, MODEL 1890.

(REVISED NOV. 11, 1892.)

[Illustration: FIG. 50.]

Metal steel

Total length 2.05 feet

Calibre 3.6 inches

Weight 245 pounds

Grooves 20

Twist of rifling {1 in 40 to

{1 in 25 cal.

Powder-chamber cylindrical

Vent axial

Muzzle velocity 650 ft.-sec.

Maximum range 3450 yards

It consists of a single piece of steel, the trunnions being forged

solid with the piece.

[Illustration: FIG. 51.]

The breech mechanism, Fig. 51, is generally similar to that of the

field-guns, except that the Freyre obturator is used, and in the

locking arrangement the lever-handle is replaced by a bolt (_a_) which

is turned by hand. This bolt operates the locking-stud on the left side

of the block, and its handle bears also a vent-shield (_f_,) which

keeps the vent closed until the breech is locked.

THE CARRIAGE FOR 3.6-INCH B. L. MORTAR.

[Illustration: FIG. 52.]

This carriage, Fig. 52, is of cast steel and in one piece, and consists

of a frame complete with transoms and soles.

It is 39½ inches long and weighs 275 pounds. The axis of the trunnions

is 14 inches above ground, and the piece can be fired at any angle

between 0 and 60 degrees. At the centre of the front transom is bolted

the elevating-clamp, which embraces an arc bolted to the under side of

the mortar. The lever on the left side of the carriage turns a shaft,

which causes the clamp to take hold of the arc when the elevation has

been given.

A pintle-fork is attached at the front end of the carriage, and a ring

on the side of either cheek to which the ends of the restraining rope

are fastened.

NOMENCLATURE OF 3.6-INCH MORTAR-CARRIAGE.--Carriage-frame;

elevating-arc; elevating-arc bolt; elevating-arc guide-pin; double

hook; double-hook pin; double-hook bracket; double-hook bracket-pin;

cap-square; cap-square keys; cap-square chain eye-pin; pintle-fork;

pintle-fork bolt; elevating-arc jaws; shaft for jaws; lever for shaft;

bushing for shaft; nut for shaft; screw for bushing; separator;

separator-bolt and nut; screws for pointing.

PLATFORM FOR 3.6 MORTAR.

Yellow pine or oak. Weight complete, 200 lbs.

[Illustration: FIG. 53.]

This equipment consists of one wooden platform, one cast-iron

pintle-block, eight stakes, one anchor-stake, two handspikes, and

one pointing-scale. The platform consists of two side-rails, 3-inch,

into which are framed and bolted eleven deck-planks, the latter

secured to each other by dowels. A 4 × 3-inch piece is bolted to the

rear deck-plank by three bolts. Wrought-iron straps, bolted into

cross-pieces, embrace the side-rails. The pintle-block is fastened to

the front of the platform by four wrought-iron bolts. The pintle-fork

on the carriage embraces the pintle, forming the centre of motion

of the traversing carriage. The platform is held in position by

stakes, two on either side; those in front passing through square

wrought-iron rings attached to eye-pieces bolted to the front end of

the platform. A brass socket, in which works the brass pivot at the

end of the pointing-scale, is placed at a suitable point in the axis

of the platform. The anchor-stake, 4 ft. long, is driven in front of

the platform. Around the anchor-stake, and held in position by the two

pins passing through the stake, is wound the middle portion of the

restraining rope, the ends of which fasten to the rings in the cheeks

of the carriage.

The rope is given five feet slack for recoil.

[Illustration: FIG. 54.]

=The Pointing-scale.=--This is made of hard wood, graduated on one

side, the unit of the scale being one thousandth of the range, and each

division one five hundredth of the range. A brass index-slide moves

with friction along the scale and is clamped by a screw when regulated.

For reference-marks a brass screw is placed at the end of each cheek

of the carriage, and the scale is so arranged that it can be applied

to either cheek. The carriage admits of a motion around its pintle of

about 15° on either side of the axis of the platform.

THE GUNNER'S QUADRANT.

[Illustration: FIG. 55.]

Used in giving elevation. The arc is 45°, but by applying different

sides an elevation of 90° can be given. The least reading is one

minute, which is given by the setting of a sliding level on a slightly

curved arm.

The setting to any given degree is made by moving the arm by hand,

which is done by pressing back the head of the arm to release it from

engagement with the notches on the interior of the arc, then moving the

arm to the required position and allowing the spring to react.

AMMUNITION.

The full charge of powder is 16 ounces, sphero-hex. (U. F.). The

projectiles are those used with the 3.6 gun and have already been

described.

The charges, required to cover all ranges from 400 to 3350 yards with

angles of elevation between 15 and 45 degrees, are four in number.

These charges are made up of three cartridges containing 4, 6, 10, and

16 ounces respectively.

The =Fuze for Shrapnel= is the Frankford Arsenal point-combination

fuze, model 1894, burning 28 seconds and weighing 19.75 ounces. The

time-train of this fuze is arranged to be cut at intervals of 1/5

second.

The =Fuze for Shell= is fuze M, model 1894. It is identical in

construction with fuze C (see page 102), except that a portion of

the plunger-spindle is reduced in diameter to lessen the friction

of the spring-ring in arming on account of reduced charges. It is

distinguished from the C fuze by two grooves across the flat of the

base. This fuze is designated for separate transportation, to be

assembled with the projectile at or near the firing-ground, and is not

to be transported fixed in the projectile.

RANGE TABLE FOR 3.6-INCH B. L. MORTAR.

Common Shell (Cast Iron).

SHELL, filled and fuzed, 20 lbs. Bursting-charge, 14.5 oz.

--------------+------+----------+-------+----------------------+---------

| | | +---------+------------+---------

--------------+------+----+-----+-------+----+----+------------+---------

|Yards.|Deg.| Min.| Sec. |Deg.|Min.| Feet. |Ft.-sec.

| 400 | 15 | 27 | 4.76 | 16 | 00 | 3.5 | 266.5

4 ounces; | 500 | 20 | 04 | 5.92 | 21 | 06 | 2.6 | 264.3

277.5 ft.-sec.| 600 | 25 | 44 | 7.45 | 27 | 06 | 2.0 | 262.3

| 700 | 33 | 25 | 9.43 | 34 | 59 | 1.4 | 259.5

| 750 | 45 | 00 | 12.00 | 46 | 40 | 0.9 | 266.5

+------+----+-----+-------+----+----+------------+---------

Angles > 45°. | 700 | 55 | 08 | 13.91 | 56 | 52 | 0.6 | 271.2

--------------+------+----+-----+-------+----+----+------------+---------

| 600 | 14 | 04 | 5.36 | 14 | 47 | 3.7 | 336.0

| 700 | 16 | 48 | 6.38 | 17 | 48 | 3.1 | 332.9

6 ounces; | 800 | 19 | 48 | 7.45 | 20 | 56 | 2.6 | 329.7

357.5 ft.-sec.| 900 | 23 | 10 | 8.63 | 24 | 37 | 2.2 | 327.0

| 1000 | 27 | 16 | 10.00 | 29 | 05 | 1.8 | 325.0

| 1100 | 32 | 27 | 11.67 | 34 | 42 | 1.4 | 322.9

| 1200 | 45 | 00 | 15.32 | 47 | 48 | 0.9 | 324.9

+------+----+-----+-------+----+----+------------+---------

Angles > 45° {| 1100 | 56 | 13 | 17.97 | 58 | 55 | 0.6 | 329.8

{| 1000 | 61 | 20 | 18.96 | 63 | 50 | 0.5 | 331.5

--------------+------+----+-----+-------+----+----+------------+---------

| 1100 | 14 | 10 | 7.32 | 15 | 17 | 3.7 | 439.4

| 1200 | 15 | 45 | 8.10 | 17 | 06 | 3.3 | 435.0

| 1300 | 17 | 24 | 8.91 | 19 | 02 | 2.9 | 430.7

| 1400 | 19 | 07 | 9.74 | 21 | 02 | 2.6 | 427.2

10 ounces; | 1500 | 20 | 59 | 10.63 | 23 | 14 | 2.3 | 424.1

492.0 ft.-sec.| 1600 | 23 | 00 | 11.57 | 25 | 32 | 2.2 | 420.8

| 1700 | 25 | 13 | 12.59 | 28 | 07 | 1.9 | 418.0

| 1800 | 27 | 44 | 13.72 | 31 | 01 | 1.7 | 415.5

| 1900 | 30 | 46 | 15.03 | 34 | 31 | 1.5 | 413.3

| 2000 | 34 | 41 | 16.67 | 38 | 58 | 1.2 | 412.5

| 2100 | 45 | 00 | 20.63 | 49 | 52 | 0.8 | 417.6

--------------+------+----+-----+-------+----+----+------------+---------

{| 2000 | 52 | 52 | 23.16 | 57 | 41 | 0.6 | 423.8

Angles > 45° {| 1900 | 56 | 45 | 24.29 | 61 | 22 | 0.5 | 427.7

{| 1800 | 59 | 50 | 25.11 | 64 | 10 | 0.5 | 431.0

--------------+------+----+-----+-------+----+----+------------+---------

| 2000 | 15 | 29 | 10.53 | 17 | 44 | 3.1 | 537.9

| 2100 | 16 | 30 | 11.18 | 19 | 02 | 2.9 | 532.9

| 2200 | 17 | 33 | 11.85 | 20 | 21 | 2.7 | 528.4

| 2300 | 18 | 39 | 12.54 | 21 | 44 | 2.5 | 524.3

| 2400 | 19 | 49 | 13.26 | 23 | 14 | 2.3 | 519.8

| 2500 | 21 | 02 | 14.00 | 24 | 46 | 2.2 | 516.1

16 ounces; | 2600 | 22 | 19 | 14.78 | 26 | 22 | 2.0 | 512.9

660.0 ft.-sec.| 2700 | 23 | 43 | 15.61 | 28 | 11 | 1.9 | 509.4

| 2800 | 25 | 12 | 16.49 | 30 | 02 | 1.7 | 506.2

| 2900 | 26 | 49 | 17.42 | 32 | 08 | 1.6 | 503.8

| 3000 | 28 | 38 | 18.45 | 34 | 18 | 1.5 | 501.7

| 3100 | 30 | 38 | 19.60 | 36 | 49 | 1.3 | 500.2

| 3200 | 33 | 21 | 21.02 | 40 | 00 | 1.2 | 499.2

| 3300 | 36 | 43 | 22.78 | 43 | 51 | 1.0 | 501.0

| 3363 | 45 | 00 | 26.75 | 52 | 42 | 0.8 | 510.4

+------+----+-----+-------+----+----+------------+---------

{| 3300 | 48 | 59 | 28.47 | 56 | 43 | 0.7 | 516.2

{| 3200 | 52 | 40 | 29.99 | 60 | 10 | 0.6 | 523.3

Angles > 45° {| 3100 | 55 | 22 | 31.01 | 62 | 35 | 0.5 | 529.1

{| 3000 | 57 | 25 | 31.73 | 64 | 24 | 0.5 | 532.6

{| 2900 | 59 | 19 | 32.37 | 66 | 34 | 0.4 | 547.7

--------------+------+----+-----+-------+----+----+------------+---------

RANGE TABLE FOR 3.6-INCH B. L. MORTAR.

SHRAPNEL, filled and fuzed, 20 lbs. Bursting-charge, 4 oz.

Number of balls, 218. Weight of each ball, 171 grains.

----------+------+----------+-------+---------------------+

| | | +----------+----------+

and | | | of |Divisions.| in Burst,|

----------+------+----+-----+-------+-----+----+----------+

|Yards.| ° | ′ | Sec. |Units|5ths| Yards. |

| 400 | 15 | 29 | 4.76 | 4 | 2 | 18 |

4 ounces; | 500 | 20 | 21 | 5.95 | 5 | 4 | 17 |

277.5 ft. | 600 | 26 | 03 | 7.50 | 7 | 1 | 17 |

-sec. | 700 | 34 | 27 | 9.61 | 9 | 1 | 17 |

----------+------+----+-----+-------+-----+----+----------+

| 600 | 14 | 08 | 5.38 | 5 | 1 | 22 |

| 700 | 17 | 01 | 6.41 | 6 | 1 | 22 |

6 ounces; | 800 | 20 | 08 | 7.52 | 7 | 2 | 22 |

357.5 ft. | 900 | 23 | 34 | 8.73 | 8 | 3 | 22 |

-sec. | 1000 | 27 | 34 | 10.07 | 9 | 4 | 21 |

| 1100 | 33 | 01 | 11.82 | 11 | 3 | 21 |

----------+------+----+-----+-------+-----+----+----------+

| 1000 | 12 | 43 | 6.62 | 6 | 2 | 29 |

| 1100 | 14 | 19 | 7.38 | 7 | 1 | 29 |

| 1200 | 15 | 56 | 8.17 | 8 | 0 | 29 |

| 1300 | 17 | 36 | 8.99 | 8 | 4 | 28 |

10 ounces;| 1400 | 19 | 23 | 9.85 | 9 | 3 | 28 |

492.0 ft. | 1500 | 21 | 19 | 10.75 | 10 | 3 | 28 |

-sec. | 1600 | 23 | 26 | 11.72 | 11 | 3 | 28 |

| 1700 | 25 | 47 | 12.77 | 12 | 3 | 27 |

| 1800 | 28 | 26 | 13.92 | 13 | 4 | 27 |

| 1900 | 31 | 41 | 15.36 | 15 | 1 | 27 |

| 2000 | 36 | 12 | 17.22 | 17 | 0 | 27 |

----------+------+----+-----+-------+-----+----+----------+

| 1900 | 14 | 45 | 10.02 | 9 | 4 | 35 |

| 2000 | 15 | 46 | 10.68 | 10 | 2 | 35 |

| 2100 | 16 | 49 | 11.35 | 11 | 1 | 35 |

| 2200 | 17 | 55 | 12.04 | 11 | 4 | 34 |

| 2300 | 19 | 05 | 12.75 | 12 | 3 | 34 |

| 2400 | 20 | 19 | 13.50 | 13 | 2 | 34 |

16 ounces;| 2500 | 21 | 37 | 14.28 | 14 | 0 | 34 |

660.0 ft. | 2600 | 23 | 00 | 15.11 | 15 | 0 | 33 |

-sec. | 2700 | 24 | 29 | 16.00 | 15 | 4 | 33 |

| 2800 | 26 | 07 | 16.94 | 16 | 4 | 33 |

| 2900 | 27 | 58 | 17.96 | 17 | 4 | 33 |

| 3000 | 30 | 05 | 19.12 | 19 | 0 | 33 |

| 3100 | 32 | 33 | 20.46 | 20 | 1 | 33 |

| 3200 | 35 | 41 | 22.10 | 22 | 0 | 33 |

| 3376 | 45 | 00 | 26.54 | 26 | 2 | 33 |

----------+------+----+-----+-------+-----+----+----------+

[Part 2 of Table.]

----------+-------------------+---------

| Fall. |

|------+------------+Terminal

Charge | |Inclination,|Velocity.

and |Angle.|1 Foot in-- |

Initial | | |

Velocity. | | |

----------+--+---+------------+---------

| °| ′| Feet. |Ft.-sec.

|16| 06| 3.5 | 265.2

4 ounces; |21| 10| 2.6 | 262.4

277.5 ft. |27| 15| 2.0 | 260.3

-sec. |36| 01| 1.4 | 258.3

----------+--+---+------------+---------

|14| 55| 3.8 | 333.8

|17| 57| 3.1 | 330.0

6 ounces; |21| 20| 2.6 | 326.9

357.5 ft. |25| 09| 2.1 | 324.4

-sec. |29| 35| 1.8 | 322.2

|35| 30| 1.4 | 320.1

----------+--+---+------------+---------

|13| 49| 4.1 | 439.0

|15| 36| 3.6 | 434.0

|17| 26| 3.2 | 429.0

|19| 23| 2.8 | 425.1

10 ounces;|21| 23| 2.5 | 421.2

492.0 ft. |23| 46| 2.3 | 417.5

-sec. |26| 16| 2.0 | 414.0

|29| 02| 1.8 | 410.8

|32| 08| 1.6 | 407.8

|35| 53| 1.4 | 405.0

|41| 00| 1.2 | 401.3

----------+--+---+------------+---------

|17| 01| 3.6 | 532.2

|18| 20| 3.2 | 526.3

|19| 42| 2.8 | 521.2

|21| 07| 2.6 | 516.5

|22| 37| 2.4 | 512.3

|24| 12| 2.2 | 507.4

16 ounces;|25| 52| 2.1 | 503.7

660.0 ft. |27| 38| 1.9 | 500.1

-sec. |29| 33| 1.8 | 496.7

|31| 38| 1.6 | 493.6

|33| 58| 1.5 | 491.0

|36| 36| 1.3 | 488.9

|39| 36| 1.2 | 488.1

|43| 18| 1.1 | 487.6

|53| 22| 0.7 | 500.3

----------+--+---+------------+---------

FOREIGN FIELD-ARTILLERY.

GERMANY.

There is practically only one gun, viz., the 3.46-inch. The

horse-artillery gun, carriage, and limber, are all lighter than in the

field-artillery. Model 1891 weighs 970 lbs. The weights behind the

teams are: H. A. gun, 3996 lbs.; F. A. gun, 4276 lbs.; caisson, 5036

lbs. No cannoneers are carried on the carriages in horse-artillery.

Muzzle velocity, 1400 ft.-sec.

The =Common Shell= weighs 15½ lbs. (bursting-charge, 6 oz.), and

splinters into about 170 pieces. A proportion of the shells are filled

with wet guncotton, having a dry guncotton primer, to be used, as a

rule, against men under cover.

The =Shrapnel= contains 262 bullets with bursting-charge down the

centre, weighs 17.7 lbs., and can be burst up to 3500 yards range.

The number of rounds carried per gun in a battery is 135. The

percussion-shell has been abandoned, and shrapnel, high explosive

shell, and canister only are used. The fuze is a combination time, and

percussion-fuze.

There are 20 carriages in a battery--6 guns, 9 caissons, 4

store-wagons, 1 forge-wagon. A battery carries 9 shovels and 2 pickaxes.

FRANCE.

The =Horse-artillery Gun=.--Calibre, 3.14 in.; weight, 8.4 cwt.; muzzle

velocity, 1600 ft.-sec.; shrapnel with 2-oz. bursting-charge in head,

13.8 lbs. Weights behind the teams, including men carried: gun, 4251

lbs.; caisson, 4424 lbs.

The ammunition per gun with battery is 142 rounds.

The =Field-artillery Gun=.--Calibre, 3.54 in.; weight, 8.4 cwt.; muzzle

velocity, 1500 ft.-sec.; shrapnel with bursting-charge in head, 19

lbs. Weights behind teams, including the men carried: gun, 5248 lbs.;

caisson, 5404 lbs.

There are 142 rounds of ammunition per gun with battery.

A steel shell filled with 3 lbs. of cresylite is contemplated, of which

about 75 will be carried with the battery.

There are 6 guns, 9 caissons, 1 store, 1 forge, and 1 forge-wagon in a

battery.

The field-artillery gun now being introduced has a calibre of 2.95

inches, and fires a projectile weighing in the vicinity of 12 pounds.

AUSTRIA.

The =Horse-artillery Gun=.--Calibre, 3.14 in.; weight, 5.9 cwt.; muzzle

velocity, 1365 ft.-sec.; ring-shell, 9½ lbs.; shrapnel, 10.27 lbs.

Weights behind the teams: gun, 3440 lbs.; caisson, 4287 lbs.

No detachments are carried on the carriages.

Ammunition carried per gun with battery: ring-shell, 84; shrapnel, 54;

canister, 8; incendiary shell, 6; a total of 152 rounds.

There are 18 carriages in a battery, 6 guns.

The =Field-artillery Gun=.--Calibre, 3.54 in.; weight, 9.5 cwt., muzzle

velocity, 1440 ft.-sec.; ring-shell, 14.1 lbs.; shrapnel, 15.6 lbs.

Weights behind the teams: gun, 5040 lbs.; caisson, 4124 lbs.

Ammunition per gun with battery: ring-shell, 70; shrapnel, 45;

canister, 8; incendiary shell, 5; total, 128.

There are 22 carriages in a battery, 8 guns.

RUSSIA.

The =Horse-artillery Gun=.--Calibre, 3.4 in.; weight, 7 cwt.; muzzle

velocity, 1350 ft.-sec.; common shell, 14 lbs.; shrapnel with

bursting-charge in base, 15 lbs. Weights behind the teams: gun, 3635

lbs.; caisson, 3543 lbs. No cannoneers on carriages.

Ammunition per gun with battery: common shell, 61; shrapnel, 60;

canister, 9; total, 130 rounds.

The =Light Field-artillery Gun=.--Calibre, 3.4 in.; weight, 8.6 cwt.;

muzzle velocity, 1450 ft.-sec.; common shell, 14 lbs.; shrapnel with

bursting-charge in base, 15 lbs. Weights behind the teams same as in

horse-artillery.

Ammunition per gun with battery, 150 rounds.

The =Heavy Field-artillery Gun=.--Calibre, 4.2 in.; weight, 12 cwt.;

muzzle velocity, 1223 ft.-sec.; common shell, 25.9 lbs.; shrapnel, 27.5

lbs. Weights behind the teams, including detachments: gun, 4268 lbs.;

caisson, 4686.

Ammunition per gun with battery, 108 rounds.

Horse-batteries consist of 6 guns, field-batteries generally of 8

guns, 24 carriages to each battery of 6 guns. Russia has 5 regiments,

4 batteries each, of field-mortar batteries. Calibre of piece, 6

in.; weight of shell, 60 lbs. Each battery consists of 6 mortars, 18

carriages, and 6 carts.

ITALY.

=Horse-and Light Field-artillery Gun.=--Calibre, 2.75 in.; weight,

5.8 cwt.; muzzle velocity, 1400 ft.-sec.; common shell, 9.4 lbs.;

shrapnel with bursting-charge in base, 9.8 lbs. Weights behind the

teams: gun, 3498 lbs.; caisson, 3650 lbs. No detachments are carried.

Ammunition per gun with battery: common shell, 24; shrapnel, 112;

canister, 6; total, 142 rounds.

=Heavy Field-artillery Gun.=--Calibre, 3.5 in.; weight, 9.2 cwt.;

muzzle velocity, 1480 ft.-sec.; common shell, 14.7 lbs.; shrapnel, 15.3

lbs. Weights behind the teams, including detachments carried: gun, 4268

lbs.; caisson, 4686 lbs.

Ammunition per gun with battery: common shell, 28; shrapnel, 96;

canister, 6; total, 130 rounds.

All batteries have 6 guns and 15 carriages, viz., 6 gun-carriages, 6

caissons, 1 forge, 1 baggage-wagon, 1 forage-wagon.

GREAT BRITAIN.

=The 9-pdr. and 13-pdr. M. L. Guns.=--Horse and light artillery are

being replaced by the 12-pdr. B. L., the weight behind teams of

horse-artillery being a little less than that of field-artillery.

Calibre of 12-pdr. B. L., 3.0 in.; weight of piece, 784 lbs.; muzzle

velocity, 1710 ft.-sec.; common shell and shrapnel, 12½ lbs. Weight

behind teams: guns, 3684 lbs.; caissons, 3796 lbs.

Ammunition per gun with battery: common shell, 20; shrapnel, 80;

canister, 8; total, 108. Besides these there are 2 star-shell per gun.

All batteries have 6 guns and 19 carriages all told.