Marine connection between Caspian Sea and Arctic Ocean, 62, 219-231

mollusca, distribution of, 236

origin of boulder-clay, 82-86, 228-230

Marine shells above sea-level, 127-128

transgression in Northern Russia, 172

Marmot, Alpine, 313

Bobak, 204

Marsh-ringlet, 93

Marshall, Rev., 166

Martins, C., 68

Mediterranean land-connections, 276-282

_Meles_, 43

_albogularis_, 44

_anakuma_, 44

_leucurus_, 44

_maraghanus_, 44

_polaki_, 44

_taxus_, 43

_Melitaea asteria_, 325

_cynthia_, 325

_maturna_, 325

_Melizophilus undatus_, 288

Merriam, C. H., 38

_Metoponorthus cingendus_, 301

_Microtus_, 313

_brecciensis_, 314

_leucurus_, 314

_nivalis_, 313

Mid-wife Toad, 295

Migrations, 8-9

cause of, 208

of British shore-forms, 124

Migration from Asia to Europe by North America, 327

Migration on ice-bridge, 108

waves of, 204-206

Miller's thumb, 93

Milne-Edwards, A., 282

Mingling of Southern and Northern Mammals, 72-75, 209

Miocene geography, 274-276

temperature in Greenland, 146

_Miogale moschata_, 290

_pyrenaica_, 290

_Molge alpestris_, 320

_cristata_, 320

_montana_, 320

_palmata_, 320

_rusconii_, 320

_vulgaris_, 319

Mollusca in Loess, 196

Mollusca, distribution of marine, 236

Molluscan fauna, divisions of British, 102

Madeira, 25

Porto Santo, 25

Molluscs, dispersal of, 17, 24

Mongoose, 28

_Montifringilla nivalis_, 318

More, A. G., 104

Moeschler, E., 160

_Motacilla_, 254, 292

_alba_, 292

_borealis_, 255

_campestris_, 254

_lugubris_, 292

_melanope_, 254

Mountain Avens, 79

Mountain-ringlet, 325

Mouse, distribution of Harvest, 3

Mud-glaciers, 86

Murchison, R., 175, 230

Murray, Andrew, 32-33, 150, 154

_Muscardinus avellanarius_, 316

Musk-Ox, range of, 119, 134-135, 203

_Mus minutus_, 3, 95, 190

_Mustela africana_, 279

_boccamela_, 279

_erminea_, 135-136

_putorius_, 190

_Myodus lemmus_, 138

_obensis_, 138

_Myoxus_, 316

_Mysis caspica_, 223

_micropthalma_, 223

_relicta_, 179, 223

Nathorst, A. G., 163, 169, 240-241

Natterjack Toad, 30

_Nebria atrata_, 328

_livida_, 328

Nehring, A., 96, 107, 119, 196, 208-211, 340

_Nenia_, sub-genus of _Clausilia_, 48

Neumayr, M., 19, 67

Newt, 319

New Siberian Islands, origin of

bone-beds, 219

extinct fauna of, 218

Nightingale, 192

Nordquist, 179

North American marine mollusca in crag deposits, 173

North European Sea, 172

Ocean basins, permanence of, 18

Oceanic Islands, 18

_Oeneis_, 326-327

_aello_, 326

_Onychogomphus_, 268

Oriental migration, old and new, 272

Oriental plants, 282-283

Origin, centre of, shifting, 202

_Otiorrhynchus auropunctatus_, 115, 302

_Ovibos moschatus_, 119, 134-135, 203

Pacific Continent, 20

Painted-lady Butterfly, 98

Palincosmic species, 25

Pallas's Sandgrouse, 205

_Panurus biarmicus_, 292

_Papilio hospiton_, 265

_Parmacella_, 49

_Parnassius_, 265-266, 324

_Apollo_, 265, 324

_delius_, 324

_mnemosyne_, 324

_Nordmanni_, 324

Partridge, 29

_Pelias berus_, 192

_Pelobates_, 295

_Pelodytes punctatus_, 295

_Pelophila borealis_, 93

Penck, A., 66

Perches, origin of, 143

_Periops hippocrepis_, 279

Peschel, O., 177

Petersen, W., 55, 154, 160, 200

_Petronia stulta_, 318

_Pezotettix_, 329-330

_alpinus_, 329

_pedestris_, 329

_Phasianus_, 256-257

_colchicus_, 31, 257

Pheasant, origin of, 256-257

_Phoca annelata_, 174

_caspica_, 224

_Phaedusa_, sub-genus of _Clausilia_, 263

_Phylloxera vastatrix_, 24

Pigs, origin of, 44-46

Pika, 41

Pine-Grosbeak, 191

_Pinicola enucleator_, 191

_Planorbis dilatatus_, 24

_glaber_, 167

Plants, American, in Ireland, 166

as tests of climate, 75-80

migration of, 34

_Platyarthrus_, 299-302

_Plectrophenax nivalis_, 140

Pleistocene climate of Asia, 210, 214-215

Europe, climate in, 208-209

fauna, northern and southern animals in, 72-75

mollusca, 211-213

Pliocene deposits of Sicily, 277

geography, 276-277

Pohlig, H., 176

Polar Bear, 134

Fox, range of, 135, 149

origin of animals, 147

Pole-cat, 190

_Polydesmus gallicus_, 115, 302

Polynesian Islands, 20

_Pomatias_, 49, 321-322

_Pontoporeia affinis_, 179

Porto Santo, molluscan fauna of, 25

Pouched Marmot, 41

Praeger, R. L., 298

Praying insect, 269

_Proboscidea_, origin of, 252

_Psammodromus algirus_, 295

_hispanicus_, 295

Ptarmigan, 91, 142

_Pupa_, antiquity of, 50

_Pupa_, 297-298

_anglica_, 298

_granum_, 297

_ringens_, 102

_Pyrrhocorax alpinus_, 317

_Pyrrhula_, 191, 255

_europaea_, 191, 256

_major_, 191, 256

Rabbit, introduction of, 27, 31, 291

_Rana temporaria_, 194, 320

Range, extension of, 38

_Rangifer tarandus_, 133, 150-158

Reade, Mellard, 127-129

Red Crag, Arctic molluscs in, 235-236

Red Deer, 246-250

Red Grouse, 91, 142

Red-legged Partridge, 29

_Regulus ignicapillus_, 257

_maderensis_, 257

_teneriffae_, 257

Reid, Clement, 76, 163

Reindeer, range and varieties of, 91, 133, 149-158

Relict lakes, 176-179, 223

Reptiles, dispersal of, 21

Reptiles of Europe, 192-193

_Rhax_, 270

Rhinoceros, distribution of, 214-216

_Rhododendron ponticum_, 271

_Rhopalomesites Tardyi_, 302

Rock Sparrow, 318

Route of migration of Siberian mammals, 210

_Rupicapra tragus_, 312

Russia, marine transgression in, 172

submergence of North, 155

Ruetimeyer, L., 43, 57, 281

_Ryothemis_, 269

Saiga Antelope, 39, 204

_Saiga tartarica_, 39, 204

_Salamandra atra_, 319

_caucasica_, 319

_maculosa_, 319

_Salmonidae_, origin of, 92, 143

Sandgrouse, migration of Pallas's, 41, 205

Sars, O., 177, 223-224

Saunders, H., 256

Seal, Arctic, 174

Sea-urchin, 125

Sedgwick, A., 86

Scandinavia, absence of Oriental and Siberian mammals from, 176, 206

during Glacial period, 176

Scandinavian boulders, origin of, 172-173

butterflies in America, 167

flora, antiquity of, 162, 185

glaciers, 172

Scandinavian lepidopterous fauna, 55

Schulz, A., 52, 155

Sclater, P. L., 95

Scotch Argus, 325

Scotch and Irish Hare, 136

Siberia, climate of, during Glacial period, 217

Siberian birds in British Islands, 191-192

mammals absent from Scandinavia, 176, 206

mammals absent from Southern Europe, 206

mammals in Great Britain, 95-96, 190, 202-204

migration, date of, 208

steppe-fauna, 39

Sicily, Pliocene deposits in, 277

_Silurus glanis_, 29

Simpson, C. T., 21

Simroth, H., 48, 299

Sjoegren, H., 226

Slugs, dispersal of, 16-17

Snails, dispersal of, 17

Snow-Bunting, range of, 91, 140

Snow-Finch, 318

Sollas, W., 177

_Somateria mollissima_, 141

_Sorex_, 202, 314-315

_alpinus_, 314-315

_araneus_, 315

_minutus_, 315

Southern mammals in Arctic Siberia, 213-216

Sparrow, introduction of, 28

_Spermophilus_, 41

Speyer, A. and A., 55, 200

Spiders, Lusitanian, 301

Sponges, American, in Ireland, 166

St. Erth fauna, 174

Steinbock, 312

Steppe-fauna, Siberian, 39

Sterlet, introduction of, 29

Stick-insect, 269

Stickleback, origin of, 92, 143, 166-167

Stoat, range of, 90-91, 135-136

Straits of Gibraltar, age of, 277-278, 281

_Strix flammea_, 98

_Strongylocentrotus lividus_, 125

Struckmann, C., 153

Studer, Th., 340

Sub-marine plateau between Norway and Spitsbergen, 154

Suess, E., 61, 273, 282, 303

_Sus scrofa_, 44-46

Swallow-tail Butterfly, 264-265

_Syrrhaptes paradoxus_, 41, 205

Tailless Hare, 41

_Talpa_, 291

Taylor, J. W., 105

Tcherski, J. D., 214-215, 222

Tertiary plants in Greenland, 144-145

_Testacella_, 17, 299

_haliotidea_, 299

_maugei_, 102, 299

_scutulum_, 299

_Tetrao_, 28

_urogallus_, 28, 143, 336-337

_Tetrastes bonasia_, 337

_Tettix_, 330

_bipunctatus_, 330

_Thais cerisyi_, 265

_Thelphusa fluviatilis_, 270, 281

Thomas, O., 90

Thompson, W., 32

Time of disconnection between Great Britain and Ireland, 63

Titmouse, bearded, 292

Toad, Natterjack, 30

Tree-frog, 260, 280

_Trichomanes radicans_, 115

_Tropidonotus viperinus_, 294

_Tubella pensylvanica_, 94

Tundras in Northern Europe, 209-210

_Turnix sylvatica_, 291-292

Tyndall, J., 68

_Typhlops lumbricalis_, 259

Tyrrhenian Continent, 280

_Unio (Margaritana) margaritifer_, 93

_Ursus maritimus_, 134

Ussher, R. J., 92, 105

_Vanessa cardui_, 98

_Vertigo alpestris_, 93

Viper, range of, 192

Vole, range of, 313-314

Wagtails, origin and range of, 254, 292

Wallace, A. R., 12-13, 18-19, 23, 58, 99, 111, 304

Warming, E., 76, 163

Watson, H. C., 100

Wax-bill, migrations of, 205

Welch, R., 298

West-Indian land-shells, 21

White, Buchanan, 509, 113

Willow-grouse, 91, 142

Woodward, B. B. (_vide_ Kennard and Woodward)

Wright, J., 84

Zittel, 252

_Zonites_, 49, 195, 322-323

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62 FAUST

63 AMERICAN SONNETS

64 LANDOR'S POEMS

65 GREEK ANTHOLOGY

66 HUNT AND HOOD

67 HUMOROUS POEMS

68 LYTTON'S PLAYS

69 GREAT ODES

70 MEREDITH'S POEMS

71 IMITATION OF CHRIST

72 UNCLE TOBY BIRTHDAY BK.

73 PAINTER-POETS

74 WOMEN POETS

75 LOVE LYRICS

76 AMERICAN HUMOROUS VERSE

77 MINOR SCOTCH LYRICS

78 CAVALIER LYRISTS

79 GERMAN BALLADS

80 SONGS OF BERANGER

81 RODEN NOEL'S POEMS

82 SONGS OF FREEDOM

83 CANADIAN POEMS

84 CONTEMPORARY SCOTTISH VERSE

85 POEMS OF NATURE.

86 CRADLE SONGS.

87 BALLADS OF SPORT.

88 MATTHEW ARNOLD.

89 CLOUGH'S BOTHIE.

90 BROWNING'S POEMS.

Pippa Passes, etc. Vol. 1.

91 BROWNING'S POEMS.

A Blot in the 'Scutcheon, etc. Vol. 2.

92 BROWNING'S POEMS.

Dramatic Lyrics. Vol. 3.

93 MACKAY'S LOVER'S MISSAL.

94 HENRY KIRKE WHITE

95 LYRA NICOTIANA

96 AURORA LEIGH.

London: Walter Scott, Limited, Paternoster Square.

The Canterbury Poets.

_IMPORTANT ADDITIONS._

WORKS BY ROBERT BROWNING.

* * * * *

VOL. I.

Pippa Passes, and other Poetic Dramas, by Robert Browning. With

an Introductory Note by Frank Rinder.

VOL. II.

A Blot in the 'Scutcheon, and other Poetic Dramas, by Robert

Browning. With an Introductory Note by Frank Rinder.

VOL. III.

Dramatic Romances and Lyrics; and Sordello, by Robert Browning.

To which is prefixed an Appreciation of Browning by Miss E.

DIXON.

* * * * *

BINDINGS.

The above volumes are supplied in the following Bindings:--

IN GREEN ROAN, Boxed, with Frontispiece in Photogravure, 2s.

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Frontispiece), price 4s. per Set, or 3 vols. 6s. per Set.

And in the ordinary SHILLING BINDINGS, Green Cloth, Cut Edges,

and Blue Cloth, Uncut Edges (without Photogravure).

* * * * *

The Three Volumes form an admirable and representative "Set," including

a great part of Browning's best-known and most admired work, and (being

each of about 400 pages) are among the largest yet issued in the

CANTERBURY POETS. The Frontispiece of Vol. I. consists of a reproduction

of one of Browning's last portraits; Mr. RUDOLF LEHMANN has kindly given

permission for his portrait of Browning to be reproduced as a

Frontispiece of Vol. II.; while a reproduction of a drawing of a View of

Asolo forms the frontispiece of the third Volume.

LONDON: Walter Scott, Ltd., Paternoster Square.

The World's Great Novels.

_Large Crown 8vo, Illustrated, 3s. 6d. each._

Uniform with the New Edition of "Anna Karenina"

A series of acknowledged masterpieces by the most eminent

writers of fiction.

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THE COUNT OF MONTE-CRISTO. By ALEXANDRE DUMAS. With Sixteen Full-page

Illustrations drawn by FRANK T. MERRILL, and over 1100 pages of

letterpress, set in large clear type.

THE THREE MUSKETEERS. By ALEXANDRE DUMAS. With Twelve Full-page

Illustrations by T. EYRE MACKLIN, a Photogravure Frontispiece Portrait

of the Author, and over 600 pages of letterpress, printed from large

clear type.

TWENTY YEARS AFTER. By ALEXANDRE DUMAS. With Sixteen Full-page

Illustrations by FRANK T. MERRILL, and 800 pages of letterpress, set

from new type.

LES MISERABLES. By VICTOR HUGO. With Eleven Full-page Illustrations, and

1384 pages of letterpress.

NOTRE DAME. By VICTOR HUGO. With numerous Illustrations.

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Photogravure Portrait of Charlotte Bronte. Printed in large clear type;

660 pages of letterpress.

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ANNA KARENINA: A Novel. By COUNT TOLSTOY. With Ten Illustrations drawn

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"Other novels one can afford to leave unread, but _Anna

Karenina_ never; it stands eternally one of the peaks of all

fiction."--_Review of Reviews_.

London: WALTER SCOTT, Ltd., Paternoster Square.

Transcriber's Notes.

The publisher's advertisement for the Contemporary Science Series, which

was at the beginning of the book was moved directly after the Index,

before the other advertisements.

Spelling variants were there was no obvious preference were left as is.

These include: "AEgean" and "Egean;" "bobac" and "bobak" (Arctomys);

"boulder-clay" and "boulder clay;" "caspia" and "caspica" (Mysis);

"earthworm" and "earth-worm;" "eocene" and "Eocene;" "europaeus" and

"Europaeus" (Lepus); "freshwater" and "fresh-water;" "indistinguishable"

and "undistinguishable;" "luscinea" and "luscinia" (Daulias); "maugei"

and "Maugei" (Testacella); "Midwife" and "Mid-wife;" "miocene" and

"Miocene;" "Miogale" and "Myogale;" "oligocene" and "Oligocene;"

"paludosa" and "palludosa" (Branchinecta); "pensylvanica" and

"pennsylvanica;" "Pica" and "Pika;" "pleistocene" and "Pleistocene;"

"pliocene" and "Pliocene;" "polaki" and "Polaki" (Meles); "repeople" and

"re-people;" "Rhodes" and "Rhodos;" "rusconii" and "Rusconii" (Molge);

"souslik" and "suslik", along with derivatives; "subarctic" and

"sub-arctic;" "subdivide" and "sub-divide", along with derivatives;

"submarine" and "sub-marine;" "subtropical" and "sub-tropical;"

"Tianshan" and "Tian Shan;" "woodlice" and "wood-lice", with "woodlouse"

and "wood-louse."

Changed "Atlantis" to "Atlantic" on page 48: "across the Atlantic."

Changed "Millepede" to "Millipede" on page 115: "Millipede, Polydesmus

gallicus."

Added period at end of sentence on page 144: "was more temperate."

Added period at end of sentence on page 145: "such northern latitudes."

Changed "know" to "known" on page 175: "known as the inter-glacial

phase."

Changed "europea" to "europaea" on page 191: "Bullfinch (P. europaea)."

Changed "mers-de-glace" to "mers de glace" on page 226: 'ice-sheets, or

"mers de glace,"'.

Changed "Altai" to "Altai" on page 245: "the Altai Mountains."

Changed "Telphusa" to "Thelphusa" on page 281: "(Thelphusa

fluviatilis)."

Changed "Campylaea" to "Campylaea" on page 297: "Alpine sub-genus

Campylaea."

Changed "Groenland's" to "Groenlands" on page 354: "Ueber Groenlands

Vegetation."

Inserted comma after "65" on page 357 in index entry for "Climate in

Glacial period."

Changed "octopetela" to "octopetala" on page 357: "Dryas octopetala, 79,

238."

In the index entry for Mysis, changed "necropthalma" to "micropthalma"

to match the text of the book. However, I suspect both should actually

be "microphthalma."

Changed "moschatas" to "moschatus" on page 361: "Ovibos moschatus."

Changed "apollo" to "Apollo" on page 361 in the index entry for

Parnassius.

Changed "Stronglyocentrotus" to "Strongylocentrotus" on page 363:

"Strongylocentrotus lividus, 125."

Changed "Natter-jack" to "Natterjack" on page 363: "Toad, Natterjack,

30."

Changed "Wag-tails" to "Wagtails" on page 364, in its index entry.

Added closing square bracket in advertisement for the HUMOUR OF JAPAN:

"[In preparation.]".

In the Latin-1 version of the text document, the oe-ligature and

OE-ligature characters were simply replaced by "oe" and "Oe",

respectively.

End of Project Gutenberg's The History of the European Fauna, by R. F. Scharff

The History of the European Fauna · 第 9 / 9 章