~ℂ Emprynted at westmynstre by desiryng
of certeyn worshipfull persones:.~
REMARKS.--Little is known of Jehan de Soushavie, or Souaube, as a
French copy has it. Bibliographers generally call him Henry de Suso,
probably after the example of Echard, in his “Script. ordin. Prædicat.”
The English version printed by Caxton is correctly described, not
as a translation, but as “drawen oute of” a book named “Orologium
Sapientiæ.” The printed text is not equal in extent to one-half of the
original. Was it this induced Caxton to end the tract with “Qui legit
emendet, _pressorem_ non reprehendat?”--a parody of the phrase often
seen in manuscripts “Qui legit emendet _scriptorem_ non reprehendat.”
Caxton says of the “Rule of St. Benet,” which is a translation from
the Latin, that he was employed to print it “by desire of certain
worshipful persons.”
The signatures given by the Printer to these three tracts suggest the
probability that they were intended to be issued separately; but as
in all the known copies they appear bound together, and as they have
hitherto been described under the general head of “Divers Ghostly
matters,” it has been deemed advisable to retain that arrangement.
EXISTING COPIES.--Cambridge, Durham Cathedral, and four in private
libraries.
NO. 92.--THE FIFTEEN OES, AND OTHER PRAYERS. _Quarto. “Printed by
commandment of the Princess Elizabeth, Queen of England, and the
Princess Margaret, Mother unto our sovereign lord the King, by
their most humble subject and servant William Caxton.” Without
Place or Date. (1491?)_
COLLATION.--~a b~ are 4ns; ~c~ is a 3n = 22 leaves.
TYPOGRAPHICAL PARTICULARS.--There is no title. The type is all No. 6.
The lines, which are spaced to an even length, measure 3¼ inches, and
there are 21 to a full page. Without folios or head-lines. Woodcut
initials. A woodcut border, in four separate pieces, is placed round
each page. This border was used later, for an undated but very early
edition of “Horæ,” by Wynken de Worde. The wood engraving of the
Crucifixion, which appears upon the verso of the first leaf, has
considerable artistic merit. It appears to have been a favourite,
having been used at a later period by Wynken de Worde in several
publications.
The recto of the first leaf is blank, but the verso is occupied with
the woodcut of the Crucifixion, already noticed.
Upon the second recto (not signed, unless the signature has been cut
away in binding) the Text begins with a 5-line initial in wood,--
~Jhesu endles swetnes of
louyng soules / O Jhesu
~O~ gostly ioye passing & ex-
cedyng all gladnes and
desires. O Jhesu helthe &
tendre louer of al repentaut sinners that~
and on the verso of ~c~ 6, ends thus:--
~ℂ Thiese prayers tofore wreton ben en
prited by the comaudementes of the mos
te hye & vertuous pryncesse our liege la
di Elizabeth by the grace of god Quene
of Englonde & of Frauce . & also of the
right hye & most noble pryncesse Marga
rete Moder vnto our souerayn lorde the
kyng / &c~
~ℂ By their most humble subget and
seruaut William Caxton~
REMARKS.--The fifteen prayers, named from the fact of their all
commencing with the letter O, “the fifteen Oes,” are commonly found in
the manuscript Horæ of the fifteenth century, in their original Latin.
They were frequently printed both in that language and in English,
Caxton’s version of the latter being possibly the earliest. All these
prayers breathe a spirit of earnest devotion, and as an example the
following is laid before the reader.
“O Jhesu heuenly leche haue mynde of thy langour and blewnes of thy
woūdes & sorowe that thou suffredest in the heyght of the crosse /
when thou were lifte vp fro the erthe / that thou were all to torne
in all thy limmes / soo that there was noo limme abydynge in his
right ioynte / soo that noo sorowe was like to thyne fro the sole
of thy fote to the toppe of thy hede there was no hole place / And
yet forgetying in maner all those greuous paynes / thou preydest
deuoutly & charitably to thy fader for thine enmyes sayeng thus /
Fader foryeue it theim / for they wyte not what they done / For this
blessed charytable mercy that thou shewdest to thyne enmyes. and for
mynde of thyse bytter paynes / graunte me / that the mynde of this
bytter passion be to me plenar remyssion & foryeuenes of my sinnis
Amen / ℂ Pater noster Aue maria”
Another prayer commences thus:--
“O blessid Jhesu swetnes of hertes and gostli hony of soules. I
beseche the for the bytternes of the aysel and galle that thou
tasted,” &c.
The “Rex Henricus” of the Prayer on ~c iiij~ verso, was Saint Henry,
surnamed the Pious and the Lame. He was son of Henry Duke of Bavaria,
and was born in the year 972; crowned King of Germany, at Mentz, in
1002; died 14th July 1024; and was canonised by Pope Eugenius III in
1152.
Preceding a printed Latin version of the “Fifteen Oes” in the British
Museum (C. 23. b. 24), is the following paragraph in English:--“These
be the . xv . oos the whyche the holy virgyn saint brygitta was wonte
to saye dayly before the holy rode in saint Paules chyrche at rome :
who so saye this a holy yere he shall deleuer . xv . soules out of
purgatory of hys nexte kyndred . and conuerte other . xv. synners to
gode lyf and other . xvx. ryghtuouse men of hys kynde shall perseuer in
gode lyfe.”
In _Harl. MS._ 2255 is a paraphrase of the “Fifteen Oes,” by John
Lydgate, beginning--“O blessyd lord my lord, O Christ Jesu.”
The only EXISTING COPY known is in the British Museum (C. 25. c),
and is bound with several tracts printed by Wynken de Worde. It is
_perfect_ and in good preservation, although a good deal cropped in the
binding. Measurement, 6⅞ × 5 inches. Purchased in 1851.
NO. 93.--THE ART AND CRAFT TO KNOW WELL TO DIE. _Folio. Translated
by Caxton in 1490. Without Printer’s Name, Place, or Date.
(1491?)_
COLLATION.--~A~ a 4n; ~B~ a 2n; then a single leaf improperly signed
~B iij~, which was, probably, followed by a blank. Total, thirteen
printed leaves.
TYPOGRAPHICAL PARTICULARS.--There is no title-page. The only type used
is No. 6. The lines, which measure 4⅝ inches, are spaced to an even
length, and there are 31 to a page. Without catchwords or folios.
Several 2 and 3-line woodcut initials are used.
The Text begins on sig. ~A j~ recto,
~ℂ Here begynneth a lityll treatise shorte and abredged spe-
kynge of the arte & craft to knowe well to dye~
~Hhan it ys soo that what a man maketh or doeth / it
~W~ is made to come to some ende / And yf the thynge be
goode and well made / it muste nedes come to goode
ede . Thenne by better & gretter reason / euery man oughte to~
The Text ends on a single leaf, signed ~B iij~,
~Thus endeth the trayttye abredged of the
arte to lerne well to deye / translated oute of
frenshe in to englysshe . by willm Caxton
the xv . day of Juyn ⸝ the yere of our lord a
M iiij Clxxx x .~
REMARKS.--Manuscripts of this work are usually known as “The Art and
Craft to live well and die well.” This was often printed. A Latin
edition was issued by Guy Marchand, at Paris, in 1483, and French
editions by Verard, at Paris, and Colard Mansion, at Bruges. From
the latter it seems very probable that our Caxton, as he says in the
colophon, “abredged” his text.
An English version of the full work was made early in the sixteenth
century by Andrew Chertsey, and printed by Wynken de Worde in 1506.
Copies are in the British Museum, Oxford, and National Library, Paris.
NO. 94.--THE BOOK OF COURTESY.--_Quarto. Second Edition. “Emprynted
atte westmoster.” Without Name or Date. (1491?)_
COLLATION.--This little piece probably consisted, like Caxton’s early
editions, of a 4n and a 3n, making fourteen leaves, all printed--a
conclusion gathered from the only fragment known.
TYPOGRAPHICAL PARTICULARS.--The fragment, from which alone we know
that such an edition was printed, consists of two quarto pages only,
printed upon one side of a half-sheet, the other side being blank. One
of the pages is signed ~bb~, which, as already seen in “The Rule of St.
Benet,” was used for ~b j~. Here then we have the first recto of the
outermost sheet of the second signature, and, by folding the half-sheet
with the unprinted part inside, we see directly that the opposing page
must be the last of that signature, and, in all probability, the last
of the tract.
The type is all No. 6, but the appearance of the small device, which
was probably never used in Caxton’s lifetime, points out a late date
for its execution.
The last lines, underneath which are the imprint and the small device,
are as follows:--
~a Thraue of thresshers a Lyeng of pdoners
a Lasshe of carters a Hastynes of cookes~
~ℂ Here endeth a lytyll treatyse called
the booke of curtesye or lytyll John .
Enprynted atte westmoster .~
_The small
“W. C.” Device
up-side-down._
As this edition, like the first and second, has three stanzas to the
page, it would, although in a somewhat smaller type, take up the same
number of leaves. The early editions had a blank leaf at the end, which
here we find filled up with the curious phrases noticed above.
The _fragment_ is in the Douce collection at the Bodleian, having
apparently been rescued from the cover of a book. Measurement, 6¾ × 5¼
inches. The reversal of the device, and the blank side of the paper,
suggest the idea that this fragment was a _first proof_, although, from
the numerous blunders in most of Caxton’s pages, it is difficult to
believe that corrections were ever made after the matter was once set
up.
NO. 95.--THE FESTIAL (LIBER FESTIVALIS). _Folio. Second Edition.
“Caxton me fieri fecit.” Without Place or Date. (1491?)_
COLLATION.--~a b c d e f g h i k l m n o p~ are 4ns, with the first
leaf of ~a~ blank; ~q~ has but one printed sheet, or two leaves; ~R~ a
4n; ~s~ a 3n, with device on ~s~ 6. In all 136 leaves, of which one
is blank.
TYPOGRAPHICAL PARTICULARS.--There is no title-page. The type consists
of two sizes, Nos. 6 and 7, the latter being that in which Wynken de
Worde printed many of his early books. The lines are in double column,
and measure only 2⅝ inches. They are spaced to an even length, and
there are 33 to a column. Without folios or catchwords. Plain initials,
cut in wood, of the depth of 2, 3, or 5 lines are used. There is a
small rude woodcut on sig. ~f~ 6 verso.
Commencing with a blank leaf, the prologue follows, in double column,
on sig. ~a ij~, the Text beginning--
~ℂ The helpe and grace of of all the hie festis of the
al- ‖ myghty god thrugh the yere. J ‖ wyll & praye that
besechyn ‖ ge of his blessed it be called fes- ‖ tiuall / the
moder saynt ma ‖ whiche begineth at the ‖~
The Text ends on the fifth verso of sig. ~s~, three-fourths of the way
down the second column,
~the rather by the helpe of his
bles ‖ sid moder mary / &
his holy spow- ‖ sesse saynt
brygytte / and all sayn ‖ tes .
AMEN~
~Caxton me fieri fecit~
The next recto is a blank page, the verso having the large device.
REMARKS.--From the use of No. 7 type, which was Wynken de Worde’s,
it is very probable that this book was printed by him immediately
after his master’s death. This edition too is not an exact reprint of
Caxton’s, issued in 1483. Every Festival has the prefix “Gode men and
wymmen,” or “Good frendis,” and every tale is preceded by the word
“Narracio.” Several stories not in the first edition have been added,
while the Pardon of Corpus Christi, in Latin and English, which follows
Trinity Sunday in first edition, is here entirely omitted.
Copies are in the British Museum, Cambridge, Oxford; and three in
private libraries.
NO. 96.--FOUR SERMONS. _Folio. Second Edition. Sine ullâ notâ.
(1491?)_
COLLATION.--~A B C~ are 4ns; ~D~ is a 5n = 34 leaves.
TYPOGRAPHICAL PARTICULARS.--There is no title. The type is all No. 6.
In double column. The lines measure 2½ inches, being a very little
shorter than the “Festial,” and are spaced to an even length. 33 lines
to a column. Without folios or catchwords.
The Text begins on sig. ~A j~ with a 3-line woodcut initial:--
~He mayster of sentence se myn owne soule . ne yours /
~T~ in the seconde boke · and J ‖ purpose me by his leue
the fyrst dystynction / hoomly ‖ thus to shew it and
sa- ‖ yth that the souerayn rede it to you ‖ in the boke /
cause / whi ‖ god made all for to your lernynge ‖ it is as
creatures in heuen ‖ good thus as wythout ‖~
The Text ends half-way down the second column of the ninth verso of
sig. ~D~, with the collect “Absolve quesumus,” the last three lines
being--
~gloria inter sanctos et electos
tuos ressussitati respirent /
Per ‖ xpm dmn nostrum
Amen / ‖~
On the recto of the tenth leaf is the device of Caxton, the verso being
blank.
For REMARKS, see the first edition, page 264.
Copies are in the British Museum, Cambridge, and three private
libraries.
NO. 97.--ARS MORIENDI; THAT IS TO SAY, THE CRAFT FOR TO DIE FOR THE
HEALTH OF MAN’S SOUL. _Quarto. Without Printer’s Name, Date, or
Place. (1491?)_
COLLATION.--~A~ a 4n = 8 leaves, all printed.
TYPOGRAPHICAL PARTICULARS.--No title-page. The type of the text is No.
6, but the four lines of heading at the beginning, and some head-lines
at the end, are in Wynken de Worde’s No. 1 type. The lines are spaced
very evenly, except on four pages at the end, and there are 24 to a
page. Woodcut initials to chapters. Without folios or catchwords. With
the exception of the use of Wynken de Worde’s type, this tract agrees
in all particulars with No. 83, “The Gouvernal of Helthe.”
The Text begins on sig. ~A j~ recto,
~ℂ Here begynneth a lytyll treatyse schortely
compyled and called ars moriendi / that is
to saye the craft for to deye for the helthe of
mannes sowle .~
~W~ ~han ony of lykly hode shal deye / thenne
is moste necessarye to haue a specyall~
The tract ends on ~A~ 8 verso, with a full page:--
~For suche right bere ad=usite or oni tribulacon
To that y^e chirche techeth y^e put ful credulyte .~
~That god hath pmysed trust it well withou
defallacyon .~
~In hope abydyng his reward and eulastyng
glorie . Amen Explicit .~
REMARKS.--This short tract appears to be a translation from the Latin,
and doubtless by Caxton himself. No other copy, however, manuscript or
printed, in Latin or any other language, appears to be known.
This unique specimen is in the middle of a volume of black-letter
tracts in the Bodleian Library.
NO. 98.--THE CHASTISING OF GOD’S CHILDREN. _Folio. Sine ullâ notâ.
(1491?)_
COLLATION.--An unsigned sheet (two leaves), containing table and
prologue; ~A B C D E F G~ are 3ns; ~H~ a 2n. In all 48 leaves, and no
blanks.
TYPOGRAPHICAL PARTICULARS.--In this book we meet with the first
approach to a title-page, which consists of a 3-line paragraph printed
in the centre of the first recto. The types are No. 6 for the Text,
No. 7 being found on the first page only. Double column--the lines
measuring 2⅝ inches, and being fully spaced out. 36 lines to a column.
Without folio or catchwords. Initials in wood 3 and 4 lines deep.
The Text begins with the following 3 lines in the centre of the first
recto,
~ℂ The prouffytable boke for manes soule / And right
comfor= ‖ table to the body / and specyally in aduersitee &
trybulacyon / whiche ‖ boke is called The Chastysing of
goddes Chyldern~
On the verso, with a floriated 4-line initial, and in double column,
the first two lines being in type No. 7,
~N drede of almigh= The causes considered . and
~I~ ty ‖ god Relygyous many ‖ other skylfully . J
sus= ‖ ter a short may drede to wri ‖ te of this
pistle J sen ‖ de chastysing But askyng ‖
you of the mater of ‖ temp= helpe of god almyghty / by
tacons / whiche pystle as whoos ‖ might the asse had
me ‖ speche to the pro ‖~
The Text ends on the recto of sig. ~H~ 4, with the verso blank,
~not denye to the alone that to ful Joye & blisse / Now
prayest ‖ her soo besely / Yet god gra ‖ unt that it myghte
ouer all this ‖ whan thou art so be . that euer ‖ is lastyng
harde tempted . and ‖ in Trinyte /~
* * * * *
REMARKS.--The use of a title-page, a practice unknown to Caxton, the
appearance of type No. 7, and the adoption of signatures having three
sheets only--all point to Wynken de Worde, rather than to Caxton, as
the printer of this book, which was probably executed about 1491. The
original writer of the work is unknown, and there seems but little
reason for attributing its composition to Caxton, as some writers have
done.
EXISTING COPIES.--British Museum; Cambridge, University Library (2);
Pepysian, and Sydney Sussex College; Hunterian, Glasgow; Lincoln
Cathedral; Sion College, London; Göttingen University; and three copies
in private hands.
NO. 99.--A TREATISE OF LOVE. _Folio. Translated in 1493. Without
Printer’s Name, Place, or Date. (1493?)_
COLLATION.--~A B C D E F G H~ are all 3ns = 48 leaves, all printed.
TYPOGRAPHICAL PARTICULARS.--Without title. The type is No. 6 for the
Text, but on the first page is a line in type No. 7, the first of
Wynken de Worde’s founts. The whole is in double column.
The Text begins on sig. ~A j~ recto,
~ℂ This tretyse is of loue
and spe ‖ kyth of iiij of the
most specyall lo ‖ uys that
ben in the worlde and she~
* * * * *
~whiche tretyse was
translatid out of frenshe
Into en= ‖ glyshe / the yere
of our lord M cccc ‖ lxxxxiij /
by a persone that is vnper ‖
fight insuche werke wherfor
he hu ‖ bly byseche the lernyd
reders wyth ‖ pacyens to cor=
recte it where they ‖ fpnde
nede. And they & alle other ‖
redders of their charyte to
pray for ‖ the soule of the
sayde translatour ‖~
The Text ends on the second column of the sixth recto of sig. ~H~,
~Whiche boke was lately
transla- ‖ ted outeof frensh
in to englisshe ‖ by a Right
well dysposed persone / ‖ for
by cause the sayd persone
thoug ‖ hte if necessary to al
deuoute peple ‖ to rede / or to
here it redde / And also ‖
caused the sayd boke to be
enpryn- ‖ ted /~
Underneath this is the small device. The reverse is blank.
REMARKS.--This is evidently an issue from the press of Wynken de Worde,
whose earliest type is seen in the first page, and who was accustomed
to make up his books in 3ns instead of 4ns, as was the plan
during Caxton’s life. The tract does not appear to have been translated
till 1493, and may have gone to press the succeeding year: now Caxton
died in 1491. The non-occurrence of the small device in any other
book attributed to Caxton is another reason for supposing it to be in
reality the workmanship of Wynken de Worde, who frequently used this
shaped device in his early publications. At a later period he added his
own name to the design.
Although not the work of Caxton, “A Treatise of Love” has been included
in this chapter, because “A List of Books printed in Type No. 6” would
be imperfect without it.
Copies are in the University Library, Sydney Sussex College, and
Pepysian Library, Cambridge; in Lincoln Cathedral Library; the
Hunterian Museum, Glasgow; University Library, Göttingen; and two in
private libraries.
[Illustration: Plate XIV.
_From Caxton’s “Order of Chivalry.” Type 4*_]
[Illustration: Plate XV.
_Woodcuts from Caxton’s “Speculum vitæ Christi.”_]
[Illustration: Plate XVI.
_The earliest instance of a Title-page in any English Book; Printed
about 1491._]
[Illustration: Plate XVII.
WOODCUT INITIALS FROM CAXTON’S BOOKS.]
[Illustration: Plate XVIII.
CAXTON’S DEVICE.]
A
LIST OF BOOKS
NOT PRINTED BY
WILLIAM CAXTON,
BUT HAVING SOME
CONNECTION WITH HIS TYPES;
ALSO OF
DOUBTFUL WORKS,
AND
BOOKS ERRONEOUSLY ASCRIBED TO HIS PRESS.
POSTHUMOUS AND DOUBTFUL WORKS.
NO. 100.--THE LIFE OF SAINT KATHERINE.--THE REVELATIONS OF SAINT
ELIZABETH OF HUNGARY. _Folio. Sine ullâ notâ. (1493?)_
COLLATION.--~a~ is a 4n; ~b c d e f g h i k l m n o p~ are 3ns; ~q~
is a 2n. Total 96 leaves, all printed.
TYPOGRAPHICAL PARTICULARS.--There is no title-page. The type for
some of the headings is No. 7, the same as that already noticed in
“Chastising” and “Festial;” but the type for the body of the work is a
partial re-casting of No. 4*, with many new additions, and on a rather
smaller body, being evidently a different fount from any known to have
been used by Caxton. The pages are in double column, and have 43 and
44 lines to a page. Full lines measure 2⅞ inches. Without folios or
catchwords. On the last leaf is the large Device.
This book, like some already mentioned, was in all probability the
workmanship of Wynken de Worde, shortly after Caxton’s death. This
opinion is borne out by the types used, by the signatures being in
3ns instead of 4ns; by very long pages, and by wood initials,
identical with those used in the early books of Wynken de Worde.
NO. 101.--THE GOLDEN LEGEND. _Third Edition. Folio. “Fynysshed at
westmestre . . The year of our lord M CCCC lxxxxiij / . . ℂ By
me wyllyam Caxton.”_
COLLATION.--Table and prologue a 2n; ~a b c d e~ are 4ns; ~F~ a
single sheet; ~f g h i k l m n o p q r s t v x y z &~ 9 are 4ns;
~e~ a 2n, signed to ~e iij~; ~A B C D E F G H J K L M N O P Q R S T
V X Y~ are 4ns; ~aa bb cc dd ee~ are 4ns; ~ff~ a 3n, signed to
~ff iiij~; and ~gg~ a 2n, signed to ~gg iij~. Total 436 leaves, all
printed.
TYPOGRAPHICAL PARTICULARS.--Without title-page. The types are No. 7,
and the re-casting of type No. 4*, noticed in the preceding work, which
fount is only known to have been used for these two books. The work is
in double column, and the lines, of which there are 44 to a column,
measure 2⅞ inches. Without folios or catchwords. Many woodcuts and
woodcut initials.
Caxton died two years before the date of printing.
NO. 102.--THE SIEGE OF RHODES. _Folio. Sine ullâ notâ._
COLLATION.--Four unsigned 3ns, or 24 leaves all printed.
TYPOGRAPHICAL PARTICULARS.--Without title of any sort. The type is
very rude and uneven, being a different fount to that used for the
“St. Katherine” and “Golden Legend” just noticed. Some of the letters
are the same as Caxton’s No. 4*, but many rude additions have been
made. There is a space between each line, probably made by the use of
“reglets,” the unevenness of which is very apparent. The lines are
spaced to an even length, and there are 26 to a page, except the first
and second, which have, respectively, 30 and 31. They measure in length
4½ inches, the depth of 26 lines varying from 7 to 7⅛ inches. Without
signatures, folios, catchwords, or printed initials.
NO. 103.--MISSALE AD USUM SARUM.--EXARATUM PARISIUS IMPENSA OPTIMI
VIRI GUILLERMI CAXTON. _Folio. Paris, 4th Dec. 1487._
The type is the usual church text used for service books. In double
columns, with head-lines.
As connected with Caxton, the whole of the interest centres in the
colophon.
~Missale ad vsum Sar’ cun
ctitenetis dei dono / magno
conamine elaboratum finis
feliciter . Exaratum Parisiꝰ
impensa optimi viri Guil-
lermi Caxton . Arte vero et
industria Magistri Guiller
mi Maynyal . Anno domini
M . CCCC . lxxxvii . iiij De
cembris.~
This is on the recto of the last leaf, and upon the verso is Caxton’s
large device.
REMARKS.--Passing by the great interest which this missal has in being
five years earlier in date than the celebrated Rouen edition, dated
October 1st, 1492, hitherto considered as the _editio princeps_, we
have to elucidate it in relation to Caxton.
It has not, until the discovery of this volume, been supposed that
Caxton employed foreign printers to help him, although it is well
known that his successors did so. In this case he used the services of
a printer at Paris, whose name very seldom appears in typographical
annals. Little is known of William Maynyal, who is erroneously called,
by Panzer, George. In 1480, working in conjunction with Ulric Gering,
the first printer at Paris, he produced “Speculum aureum,” as well as
“Summa de virtutibus cardinalibus,” both in Roman types. Afterwards,
he worked alone. In 1487, Caxton, not having appropriate types of his
own, sent instructions to Maynyal, of Paris, to print for him the
Salisbury Missal. The commission was executed, and Caxton, desirous
of associating his press more directly with this issue than by the
colophon only, which many people might overlook, probably designed his
“mark” for the purpose of attracting attention. It is certainly the
earliest date at which it has yet been found; and the state of the
block, which has fewer breakages than any other known example, confirms
the priority of this in a most interesting manner. Since 1484 Caxton
had not used woodcuts; but just at this time, 1487, he appears to have
found some one for the purpose, and the “Royal Book” and the “Speculum”
appeared with numerous cuts. The same artist was probably employed to
design and engrave the new “trade mark.”
The only known copy is in the possession of W. J. Legh, Esq., M.P., and
was first made known in the _Athenæum_, March 21st, 1874.
BARTHOLOMEUS DE PROPRIETATIBUS RERUM.
This work is supposed to have been printed by Caxton, at Cologne,
on the strength of a statement by Wynken de Worde. As, however,
this printer has perpetrated the most curious contradictions and
mis-statements in many of his prologues and colophons, it seems more
than probable that he blundered here also, as no connection whatever
can be traced between the typographical customs of Caxton and those of
the Cologne school; nor does any copy of “Bartholomeus” exist which
can, with any show of reason, be attributed to Caxton’s press.
For further remarks on this subject, see page 64.
THE METAMORPHOSES OF OVID.
In the Pepysian library, Cambridge (2124) is an English manuscript
of the fifteenth century, not improbably Caxton’s autograph, and
consisting of the Tenth, Eleventh, Twelfth, Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and
Fifteenth Books of Ovid’s Metamorphoses. Each book in the manuscript
begins with a red-ink title, the first being:--
“Here followeth the ‖ xth booke of Ouyde ‖ wherof the first fa ‖ ble is
of the mari ‖ age of Orpheus ‖ and Erudice his lo ‖ ue. Cap° p’m°.”
For an imitation of this paragraph see Dibdin’s _Typ. Ant._, vol. i,
page 14. At the end of the volume is the following colophon:--
“Translated and fynysshed by me William Caxton at Westmestre the xxij
day of Apryll / the yere of our lord m. iiij^c iiij^{xx} And the xx
yere of the Regne of kyng Edward the fourth.”
Now Caxton, from what we know of his disposition, would never have
begun a translation in the middle of a book. He therefore, no doubt,
translated the former nine books also. But all Caxton’s translations,
and especially in the busy time of 1480, were made for the press. There
seems, therefore, good reason to believe that the Metamorphoses were
printed also by Caxton, although unfortunately no fragment of such a
work is at present known.
It seems not unlikely that the Pepysian MS. is in Caxton’s own
autograph.
THE LIFE AND MIRACLES OF ROBERT EARL OF OXFORD.
In the preface to “The Four Sons of Aymon,” Caxton says, “Therefore
late at the request and commandment of the right noble and virtuous
Earl, John, Earl of Oxford, my good singular and especial lord I
reduced and translated out of French into our maternal and English
tongue the life of one of his predecessors named Robert Earl of Oxford
tofore said, with divers and many great miracles which god showed for
him as well in his life as after his death as is showed all along in
his said book.”
Having translated this Life, it is not improbable that Caxton also
printed it.
A BALLAD.
“The small fragment of an unknown work,” preserved among some old
ballads in the British Museum (643. m.) and described by Sir Henry
Ellis, and Dr. Dibdin in _Typ. Ant._, vol. i, page 359, is a portion of
the “Cook’s Tale,” from Caxton’s first edition of Chaucer’s “Canterbury
Tales.”
* * * * *
Several works, such as “STATUTA” (probably Machlinia’s), “LYNDEWODE’S
CONSTITUTIONES,” “THE LUCIDARY,” “AN ACCIDENCE,” and others, have been
by various writers included among the books issued by Caxton, but in
all cases erroneously.
[Illustration]
THE COMPARATIVE RARITY OF BOOKS PRINTED BY CAXTON,
SHOWING THE NUMBER OF COPIES OF EACH WORK KNOWN TO EXIST.
_Quanta fuisti si tanta sunt Reliquia._
No. of
Copies
known.
Brass, Temple of _frag._
Book of Courtesy, 2nd edit. _frag._
Directorium Sacerdotum, 4to. _frag._
Horæ, 1st edition _frag._
Ditto, 2nd ditto _frag._
Ditto, 3rd ditto _frag._
Indulgence--Sixtus IV _frag._
Anelida and Arcyte 1
Ars moriendi 1
Aymon, Four Sons of 1
Blanchardin and Eglantine 1
Book of Courtesy, 1st edition 1
Catho, Parvus et Magnus, 1st
edition, 4to 1
Ditto, ditto, 2nd edition, 4to 1
Charles the Great 1
Chorle and the Bird, 1st edit. 1
Ditto ditto 2nd ditto 1
Commemoracio beatæ Mariæ 1
Death-Bed Prayers 1
Directorium Sacerdotum, folio,
1st edition 1
Ditto ditto ditto 2nd ditto 1
Fifteen Oes 1
Glass, Temple of 1
Horse, Sheep, and Goose, 1st edit. 1
Ditto ditto 2nd ditto 1½
Image of Pity 1
Infancia Salvatoris 1
Indulgence--Sixtus IV 1
Another, different 1
Meditacions sur les sept Pseaulmes 1
Paris and Vienne 1
Psalterium 1
Quatre derrennieres Choses 1
Reynard the Fox, 2nd edition 1
Stans Puer 1
Servitium de Transfiguratione 1
Sex Litteræ 1
Visitatio Mariæ Virginis 1
Advertisement, An 2
Arthur, Life of King 2
Catho, Parvus et Magnus, folio,
3rd edition 2
Curial, The 2
Gouvernal of Health 2
Indulgence, 1481 2
Propositio Johannis Russell 2
Saona, Gul. de 2
Æsop, Fables of 3
Art and Craft 3
Curia Sapientiæ 3
Dictes and Sayings, 2nd edition 3
Good Manners, Book of 3
Jason, Les fais du 3
Moral Proverbs 3
Saint Winifred, Life of 3
Book of Fame 4
Chivalry, Order of 4
Festial, The, 1st edition 4
Rhodes, Siege of 4
Statutes of Henry VII 4
Troilus and Creside 4
Vocabulary 4
Golden Legend, 2nd edition 5
Pilgrimage of the Soul 5
Four Sermons, 2nd edition 5
Reynard the Fox, 1st edition 5
Divers Ghostly Matters 6
Festial, The, 2nd edition 6
Jason, The Life of 6
Knight of the Tower 6
Recueil, Le 6
Chronicles of England, 2nd edit. 7
Dictes and Sayings, 3rd edition 7
Life of our Lady 8
Royal Book 8
Treatise of Love 8
Canterbury Tales, 1st edition 9
Ditto 2nd ditto 9
Doctrinal of Sapience 9
Four Sermons, 1st edition 9
Chess, Game and Play of, 1st ed. 10
Cordial 10
Golden Legend, 3rd edition 10
Katherine, Life of St. 10
Godfrey of Boloyn 11
Speculum Vitæ Christi 11
Caton 12
Chastising of God’s Children 12
Chess, Game and Play of, 2nd edit. 12
Chronicles of England, 1480 12
Description of Britain 12
Mirrour of the World, 2nd edit. 12
Dictes and Sayings, 1st edition 13
Mirrour of the World, 1st edit. 15
Boethius 16
Confessio Amantis 17
Eneydos 18
Recuyell, The 20
Fayts of Arms 21
Tully of Old Age, &c. 22
Polycronicon 30
Golden Legend, 1st edition 31
* * * * *
The reader who examines this list may well be astonished at the number
here given of _unique_ Caxtons. Out of 102 works above enumerated, no
less than 38 are known to us by single copies, or by fragments only.
The fact is almost incredible even to those most conversant with
the rarities of the Westminster Press; and the question naturally
arises--If about one-third of Caxton’s issue has been _nearly_
destroyed, how numerous may have been the editions of which we shall
never learn the existence? A glance at the titles of the _uniques_
will show that the books most liable to destruction, probably owing
in part to their being much used, and in part to the destructiveness
of religious sectarianism, are those, directly or indirectly, of an
ecclesiastical character--such as “Horæ,” “Psalters,” “Meditacions,”
&c. School-books also, such as the “Stans Puer,” “Catho,” &c., are
always difficult of preservation. On the other hand, there seems no
especial reason for the almost total destruction of such works as the
romances of “King Arthur,” “The Four Sons of Aymon,” “Blanchardin,”
“Charles the Great,” the second edition of “Reynard,” or the various
short poems in quarto.
The greatest number of copies ever brought together is 83, being
the number now in the British Museum; but of these 25 are duplicates,
leaving the number of works 58, of which three are mere fragments. The
Caxtons in Earl Spencer’s Library, although numerically less than those
of the National Library, make nevertheless a more complete collection,
and embrace 57 separate works. Other Libraries come far behind these
two. The Public Library, Cambridge, has 42 separate works, a total
considerably augmented by the numerous unique pieces of poetry in
quarto. The Bodleian has 34 separate works, and the Duke of Devonshire
25.
INDEX.
Abbey, Meaning of word, 73
Adventurers (_See_ Merchant Adventurers)
Advertisement printed by Caxton, 72, 239
Æneid by Virgil, 347
Æsop, The Fables of, printed by Caxton, 48, 91, 287
Aforge, Daniel, 86
Ailly, Cardinal Pierre d’, 228
Alburgh, John, 150
Alcock, Bishop, 181
Aldus, Pius Romanus, 106
Alfonse, The Fables of, printed by Caxton, 287
Almonry, The, Its position, &c., 73, 74, 75, 79
Alphage, St., Parish of, 4
Ambassadors at Bruges, 27
Ames, Joseph, Note on Caxton’s death, 85
Amman, Jost, 104
Anderson’s History of Commerce, 26
Anelida, Queen, and False Arcyte, printed by Caxton, 212
Anne, St., Chapel of, 73, 74
Apprentices, Entry and Issues of, 6
Apprentices, Duties of, 8
Apprentices and Executors, 14
Apprentices, Oath of, 145
Apprenticeship of Caxton, 5
Arbre de, Batailles, 337
Arcyte, Queen Anelida, and False, printed by Caxton, 212
Ars moriendi, printed by Caxton, 358
Art, The, and Craft to know well to Die, printed by Caxton, 346, 354
Arthur, The Noble Histories of King, and of certain of his Knights,
printed by Caxton, 304
Arundel, Earl of, his Device, 81
Ascensius Jodocus Badius, 128
Assumption, Guild of Lady of, 77
Atkyns, Richard, Origin and Growth of Printing, 90
Aubert, David (a Scribe), 35, 187
Avian, The Fables of, printed by Caxton, 287
Ayenbit of Inwit, The, 324
Aymon, The four Sons of, printed by Caxton, 343
Bagford, John, 75, 91
Baker, John, 150
Bakker, Jenyne, 149
Ballads, Some, printed by Caxton, 211
Ballad, A, 369
Ballard, Mr., of Cambden, 85
Balls, Inking, 124
Bartholomeus de Proprietatibus, 55, 64, 65, 340, 368
Bath Cathedral, 284
Bavaria, Henry, Duke of, 353
Bayntun, W., 321
Beauvais, Vincent de, 226, 227
Bedford, Duke of, 34, 36
Bedford Library, 255
Bedfordshire General Library, 324
Bedleem Hospital, Bequest to, by Large, 10
Belet, 282
Benet College Library, 220
Bernard, M. A., 106, 109
Bernard, M. A., Opinion on Colard Mansion, 62
Berners Juliana, 338
Betts, Edward, 151
Bequests, Various, of Large, 10
Bible, The Mazarine, 45
Bibles and Psalters, First, 43
Bibles not in demand in Fifteenth Century, 83
Bird, the Chorle and the, printed by Caxton, 209, 210
Blanchardin and Eglantine, The History of, printed by Caxton, 342
Blanche, Queen of France, 326
Blandford, Marquis of, 198
Blois, Library of, 36
Boat Hire, 19
Bocace, Fall of Princes, 347
Boethius de Consolatione Philosophiæ, translated into English by
Geoffrey Chaucer, printed by Caxton, 215
Boke of Noblesse, The, 336
Bolomyer, Henry, 307
Boloyne, The History of Godfrey of, printed by Caxton, 252
Bomsted, Henry, 20
Bonet, Honoré, 337
Bonifaunt, Rich, 10, 147
Bowyer, William, 109
Bookbinder described, 130
Bookbinding, 95
Book of Courtesy, The 1st Edition, printed by Caxton, 211
Second Edition, 355
Book of Good Manners, printed by Caxton, 81, 315
Book, A, of Divers Ghostly Matters, printed by Caxton, 350
Book of Fame, The, printed by Caxton, 292
Book, The, which the Knight of the Tower made to the “enseygnement”
and teaching of his daughters, printed by Caxton, 273
Books, Covers of, 215
Books not printed by Caxton but having some connection with his
types, &c., 363
Books, Passion for, in Europe, 36
Botfield, Mr., 306
Bouillon, Godefroy de, 253
Bradshaw, H., of Cambridge, 55, 192, 295
Brand, John, 198
Bretaylles, Louis de, 190
Brice, Hugh, 228
Bristol, 350
Brito, Jean, 38
Broad, St. Ward, 75
Brown, J., 151
Browne, Willis (Mit. Abb.), 223
Bruges, 13, 15, 27, 37, 38, 57, 81, 150
Bruges, City of, Caxton, a Merchant at, 15, 17
Bruges, Ducal Library of, 214
Bruges, Guild of St. John the Evangelist, 37
Bruges, Records of, 158-160
Brute, Chronicle of, 89
Bryant, Mr., 327
Bryce, H., 82
Bryce, T., 17
Bullen, Mr., 244
Burdeux, John de, 340
Burchiello, Portrait of, 91
Burgh, Richard, 16, 17, 148, 204, 205, 279
Burgundy, Duke of, 15, 16, 24, 27, 34, 38, 58
Burgundy (Philip the Good), 38
Burial Fees for Wm. Caxton, 79
Campbell, M. F. A. G., 330
Canterbury Tales, 1st Edition, printed by Caxton, 193
Canterbury Tales, 2nd Edition, printed by Caxton, 290
Caradoc, Prince, 304
Carmen de Vere, 271
Caslon, W., 105, 108
Castel, Etienne, 193
Catchwords, 133
Catho Magnus, printed by Caxton, 1st Edition, 202, 204
Catho Magnus, printed by Caxton, 204, 205
Caton, printed by Caxton, 277
Cattlyn, Richard and John, 224
Caustons, Manor of, 3
Causton, Michael de;
Henry de;
Nichol de;
Richard de;
Theobald de;
Roger de;
William de;
Stevyn, 147
Cauxton and Causton, a form of Caxton, 3
Cawston, Johannes, Will of, 3
Cawston, Oliver, 161
Caxston, W., 148
Caxton, Elizabeth (daughter of Caxton), 30
Caxton, Elizabeth: Deed of Separation, 166
Caxton, John, 4
Caxton, Maude, 81
Caxton, Pedigree, 4;
his Patrons, 29;
his knowledge of Printing, derived from Colard Mansion, and not at
Cologne, 49 to 68;
Settles at Westminster, 70;
Extracts from Works, showing a connection between his own name and
a locality, 70;
his Daughter, 75;
Patronised by Edward IV., 80;
Receives a Payment from Edward IV., 80;
List of Works, 82;
Classification of Works, 82;
Time taken for Translation of Works, 83;
Death and Burial, 85;
his Property at Death, 85;
his Will, 86;
his Literary Attainments, 87 to 90;
a Linguist, 88;
Portraits of, 90;
Anecdotes in Appendix to Æsop’s Fables, 91;
his Character, 92;
a Master Printer, 93 to 142;
his Printing Office and Workmen, 93;
his Types, 103;
his large Device, 137;
Price of his Books, 141;
Judgment by, 158;
Payment by the King, 160;
Burial Fees, 161;
Auditor of Parish Accounts, 161;
Chess Book, Interpolation of, 174
Caxton, William (not the Printer), 81;
Burial, 4
Censuria literaria, 197
Charles, King of France, 33
Charles the Bold succeeds Philip the Good, 24
Charles the Great (Prologue), 83
Charles the Great, the Life of the Noble and Christian Prince,
printed by Caxton, 306
Charron, The Jesuit, 310
Charters, Mercers and Merchant Adventurers, 18-21
Chartier, Alain, 297
Chases, 123
Chastising, The, of God’s Children, printed by Caxton, 359
Chato, et Parvus Magnus, 1st Edition, printed by Caxton, 202;
2nd Edition, 205;
3rd Edition, 224
Chaucer, Geoffrey, 89, 294;
Envoi of, to Skogan, printed by Caxton, 211
Chaucer, Geoffrey, Canterbury Tales, 1st Edition, 193;
2nd Edition, 290;
Boethius de Consolacione Philosophiæ, printed by Caxton, 213
Chaucer, The complaint of, to his purse, printed by Caxton, 212
Chertsey, Andrew, 355
Chess Book, The, 56, 59, 61, 68, 80, 111, 289
Chess, Game and Play of, 1st Edition, printed by Caxton, 23, 173
Chess, The Game and Play of, the, 2nd Edition, printed by Caxton,
232
Chivalry, The Order of, printed by Caxton, 289
Chobham, Eleanor, her penance, 13
Chorle, The, and the Bird, printed by Caxton, 209, 210
Chronicles of England, The, 1st Edition, printed by Caxton, 247;
2nd Edition, 255
Chronicle of King Alfred, 104
Chronicle of Brute, 248
Churche, Daniel, 204
Clarence, Duke of, 173
Cloth, English, excluded by Duke of Burgundy, 16, 23
Coburger, Nuremberg, printer, 239
Colard Mansion, _See_ Mansion
Cologne, 62
Colonna Ægidius, 174
Commission issued, 1464, for renewal of Treaty of Trade, 22
Complaint, The, of Chaucer to his purse, printed by Caxton, 212
Commemoratio Lamentationis sive compassionis Beatæ Mariæ in morte
filii, printed by Caxton, 329
Composing-Stick, 122, 124
Compositor, The, described, 121
Confessio Amantis, printed by Caxton, 271
Congregational Library, 331
Connection between Caxton and Colard Mansion, 64
Copenhagen, Royal Library, 316
Copland, R., 344;
one of Caxton’s workmen, 70
Copland, W., 94, 345
Corpus Christi College, 220
Cordyale, or the Four Last Things, printed by Caxton, 216
Court of Sapience, printed by Caxton, 250
Courtesy, Book of, printed by Caxton, 211, 355
Cowper, Mr., 331
Craes, W., 16
Creveceur, Seigneur de, 50
Crede Mihi, Tractatus, printed by Caxton, 319, 345
Croppe, Gerard, 30
Crosse, John, 86
Cristyne of Pisan--Moral Proverbs, 194, 195
Cura Sapentiæ; or the Court of Sapience, printed by Caxton, 250
Curial, The, 296
D’Ailly, Pierre, Cardinal, 180
D’Angers, Guy, 187
Dares Phrygius, 172
Daubeney, William, 80
Daunnou, M., 227
Day, John, Printer, 104
Death-bed Prayers, printed by Caxton, 285
Dedes, Robert, 10
Deguilleville, Guillaume de, Pilgrimage of the Soul, 259
Delff, 76
Denis de Leewis, 186
Description of Britain, The, printed by Caxton, 249
Development of Printing, 38
Device, Caxton’s, 48, 138
Devonshire, Duke of, Purchase of the Recuyell, 171
Dictes and Sayings, 24, 65, 70, 79, 86, 188, 221, 348
Dictes and Sayings, printed by Caxton, 1st Edition, 188;
2nd Edition, 221;
3rd Edition, 348
Dictys Cretensis, 172
Dinner, Visitation of Mercers’, 76
Directorium, seu Pica Sarum, printed by Caxton, 241
Directorium Sacerdotum, una cum Defensorio ejusdem, item tractatus
qui dicitur crede mihi, printed by Caxton, 319, 345
Doctrinal de la foy Catholique, 326
Doctrinal of Sapience, The, printed by Caxton, 324
Domus Angliæ, 22
Donatus, St., Church of, 50
Douce, F., 172
Douce Collection, 356
Drapers, Merchant Adventurers, 18
Durham Cathedral, 351
Dysart, Earl of, 341
Echard, Script. Ordin. Prædicat, 351
Edward III introduces cloth factories to England, 2
Edward IV, 3, 27, 28, 35, 80, 87
Elizabeth of Hungary, Saint, the Revelations of, 365
Ellis, Sir Henry, 370
Eneydos, printed by Caxton, 2, 74, 80, 346
English, First Book in, 170
English Nation, The, 22
Esterlings, 22, 192
Essex, Earl of, 204
Esteney, John, Abbot of Westminster, 74
Eton College, 179, 230
Eugenius III, Pope, 353
Evilmerodach, King, 233
Exeter, 215
Exeter College, Oxford, 279, 301, 350
Eye, witch of, 13
Eyre, Thomas, husband of Elizabeth Large, 11
Fables of Æsop, the; of Avian; of Alfonse; and of Poge, the
Florentine, printed by Caxton, 287
Faits d’Armes, les, 335
Fait d’Armes et de Chevalerie, 336
Fall of Princes, 347
Fame, the Book of, printed by Caxton, 292
Farmer’s, Dr., Library, 241
Faron, Jean, 174
Fastolf, Sir John, 81, 232
Fayts of Arms and of Chivalry, The, printed by Caxton, 80, 335, 338
Felding Geoffrey, Mayor, 17
Festial, The (Liber Festialis) 1st Edition, printed by Caxton, 263,
331
Festial, The (Liber Festialis) 2nd Edition, printed by Caxton, 356
Fèvre Ravne le, 58
Fifteen Oes, the, and other Prayers, printed by Caxton, 352
Figgins, V., 108
Filastre, Guillaume, 172
Fineschi Vincenzio, 102
Fishmongers, Merchant Adventurers, 18
Flanders, Peace between England and, 13
Flemish goods prohibited, 23
Flemish settlers in England, 2
Fostalf, John, Knight, 191
Founders’ Company, 18
Four Last Things or Cordyale, printed by Caxton, 216
Four Sermons, printed by Caxton, 1st Edition, 265
Four Sermons, &c. (Quatuor Sermones, &c.), printed by Caxton, 2nd
Edition, 358
Four Sons of Aymon, The, printed by Caxton, 343
Fowls, Parliament of, printed by Caxton, 211
Frankfort typefounders, 107
Franklin, Benjamin, 108
Freeman of London, Oath of, 146
Friskets, 129
Gairdner, Mr., Memorials of King Henry the Seventh, 269
Galiard, Messire, 197
Gallopes, Jean de, 261, 318
Galiot du Pré, 297
Gedney, John, 11
Geiffe, William, 86
Gering, Ulrich, 367
Gerson, Chancellor, 338
Gervers, M., 29
Ghent, 27
Ghent, Public Library at, 330
Glass, The Temple of, printed by Caxton, 208
Gloucester, Humphrey, Duke of, 30
Godfrey of Bulloyn, printed by Caxton, 83
Gödike, K., 230
Golden Fleece, order of, 15
Golden Legend, 65, 96;
Copies left by Caxton to St. Margaret’s, Westminster, 86;
1st Edition, printed by Caxton, 280;
2nd Edition, printed by Caxton, 310;
3rd Edition, 365
Gossin, Jean, 51, 227
Göttingen, Royal University Library, 208
Governal of Health, The, printed by Caxton, 340, 358
Governor of English Merchants at Bruges--Duties of, 20
Guido of Colonna, 172
Granton, John, 16
Grenville Library, 210
Greyhounde, The, 75, 76, 79
Groote, Guerard le, 16
Gruthuyse, Louis de Bruges, 35, 36, 50
Guilds:--
St. John the Evangelist, 37;
St. Thomas-à-Becket, 18;
Lady Assumption, 77;
Vassel feasts, 78;
Accounts, 78;
“Les Frères de la Plume” of Brussels, 37;
St. Luke at Antwerp, 37
Hadlow, 3
Hague, Royal Library, 330
Halle, Robert, 147
Hamburgh, 13
Ham House, Surrey, 304
Hansard, T. C., 109
Hanseatic League, 192
Hardwicke Hall, 205
Harrowe, John, 10, 148
Hasted on Kent, 2
Hastings, Lord, 24, 197, 229
Hawes, 209
Haywarde, a Scribe, 191
Health, The Governal of, printed by Caxton, 340
Hecht-Heinean Library, Halberstadt, 271
Hende, William, 19
Henricus, Rex, 353
Henry, Dr., 232
Henry II, 204
Henry IV, 18
Henry VI, 18, 36, 80
Henry VII, 80
Heton, Christopher, 10
Heton, Jas., 147
Higden’s, Ralph, Polycronicon, 249
History of Blanchardin and Eglantine, The, printed by Caxton, 342
History of Godfrey of Boloyne, The; or the Conquest of Jerusalem,
printed by Caxton, 252
Histoire du Chevalier Paris, et de la belle Vienne, 310
Holkham Library, 198
Holtrop’s Monumens Typographiques, Woodcut from, 76
Horæ, 242, 320, 331, 352
Horæ, printed by Caxton, 1st Edition, 191;
2nd Edition, 242;
3rd Edition, 321;
4th Edition, 332
Horham, Manor of, 9
Horse, Shepe, and Ghoos, printed by Caxton, 66, 205, 206
House of the English Nation, 22
Hunter, Rev. Joseph, 223
Illuminators, 95, 113, 134
Image of Pity, printed by Caxton, 322, 324
Indenture of Apprentice, 5
Infancia Salvatoris, printed by Caxton, 207
Initials, 42, 135
Ink for Printing, 95
Jackson on Wood Engraving, 137
James, John, Typefounder, 109
Jason, English Edition by Caxton, 187;
French Edition, 56, 60, 63, 172, 178
Jason, Derivation of Name, 15
Jean de Bruges, 36
Jersey, Earl of, 306
Jerusalem, Conquest of, or the History of Godfrey of Boloyne,
printed
by Caxton, 252
Joan of Arc, 195
John, Duke of Berry, 34
John II, King of France, 33
John Stubbes, 28
Jones, J. Winter, 182, 187, 215
“Justification”: a Printer’s term, 44
Karlemaine, 307
Katherine, Saint, the Life of, printed by Caxton, 365
Kendal, John, Letters of Indulgence issued by, printed by Caxton,
222, 223
Kentish Dialect, 2
Kynge Apolyn of Thyre, 70
King Edward VI Grammar School, St. Alban’s, 243
Knight of the Tower, the, Book to the ensaygnement and teaching of
his Daughters, printed by Caxton, 40, 81, 273
Knight Paris, the, and the Fair Vienne, printed by Caxton, 308
Könnecke, Dr. G., 271
Lambert, John, 150
Large, Alice, 11;
Elizabeth, 9, 11;
Jone, 161;
Johanna, 9-11;
Marries John Godnay, 11;
John, 5, 9, 148;
Richard, 9;
Robert, 147;
a Mercer, 8;
Sheriff and Lord Mayor, 8;
Warden, 9;
House in the Old Jewry, Account by Stow, 9;
Family, 9;
Death and Will, 9;
Widow, 10
Large, Robert, his Will, 153-158;
the younger, 5, 11;
Thomas, 9, 11
Latour-Landry, 274
Laurent, Frere, 324
Le Recueil des Histoires de Troye (_see_ Recueil), 25
Leeu Gerard, 188, 309
Lefevre, Raoul, 188
Legenda Aurea, 282
Legends, Bequest from Caxton, 162
Legh-Gerard, 188
Legh, Stephen, M.P., 140
Legh, W. J., Esq., 368
Legrand, Jacques, 316
Leper Houses, Bequest to, by Large, 10
Letter to Caxton from Mercers, 23
Letters of Indulgence from Johannes de Giglis, printed by Caxton,
254
Letters of Indulgence issued by John Kendal in 1481, printed by
Caxton, 222
Lettou, 94
Lewis, Rev. John, 91, 217
Life of Christ, 318
Life of Saint Katherine, The, 365
Life, The, and Miracles of Robert, Earl of Oxford, 369
Life, The, of the Holy Blessed Virgin, Saint Winifred, printed by
Caxton, 301
Life, The, of the Noble and Christian Prince, Charles the Great,
printed by Caxton, 306
Lilly, Mr., 339
Lincoln Cathedral, 285
Livre de Sapience, 326
Livre des bonnes Mœurs, le, 316
Livre des Vices et des Vertus, 323
Livre Royal, le, 323
Louis de Bruges, 35
Louis of Anjou, 34
Louvre Library, 33
Low Countries, 20
Lucidary, The, 370
Lydgate, John, 172, 206, 211, 262, 299, 341, 354
Lyf of our Lady, printed by Caxton, 299
Lyndewode’s Constitutiones, 370
Machlinia, 45, 339
Madden, Sir F., 223
Maittaire, 217
Mallet, Gilles, 33
Malory, Sir Thomas, 305
Manipulus Curatorum, 326
Mansion Colard, 36, 38, 39, 42, 43, 45, 49, 51, 54, 63, 67, 109,
179,
214, 253, 355
Mansion Colard, a Skilful Caligrapher, begins to Print, 68;
his Connection with Caxton, 54;
Dean of the Guild of St. John, 50;
Place of Residence and Workshop, 51;
Opinion by Bernard, 62;
Peculiarity of his Printing, 52-54;
the first Printer at Bruges, 49
Mansion, Paul and Robert, 51
Marchand, Guy, 355
Margaret (of Flanders), 34
Margaret, Queen, 284
Margaret’s, St., Westminster, Records, 4, 31, 77-79, 85, 163
Margarita Eloquentiæ, Fratris Laurentii Gulielmi de Saona, printed
by
Caxton, 218
Mariæ Virginis Servitium de Visitatione, printed by Caxton, 267
Marot, Jean, 337
Marshall, J., 151
Marten, Walter, 86
Marte Townes, Apprentices sent to the, 14
Martin, St. Otewich, 75
Maskell, Mr., 322, 332
Maydestone, Clement, 320
Maynyal, W., 140, 367
Medicina Stomachi, printed by Caxton, 340, 341
Meditacions sur les Sept Pseaulmes Penitenciaulx, printed by Caxton,
179
Mercer’s Company, 5, 8, 16, 28, 75, 76, 145
Merchant Adventurers, their Institution, Object, and Charters,
15-19,
21, 24
Metamorphoses of Ovid, 51
Meun, Jean le, 336
Middleton, Dr., 321
Mielot, Jean, 187, 232
Mirkus, John, 264
Mirrour of the World, printed by Caxton, 1st Edition, 226;
2nd Edition, 234
Missale ad Usum Sarum, printed for Caxton, 366
Montaiglon, M., 276
Moral Distichs, printed by Caxton, 199
Moral Proverbs, printed by Caxton, 194
Mores, Rowe, 109
Moule, Bib. Herald, 290
Mountfort, Symoni, 222
Moxon, Joseph, 105, 109
National Library, Paris, 355
Neche, Thomas, 10, 148
Nichols, J. G., 76
Noblesse, Declamation of, 230
North, Mr., 220
Nouns, Substantive, and Verbs, The proper application of certain,
printed by Caxton, 205, 206
Nugent, Dr., 321
Nyche, Thomas, 147
Obray, William, Governor of the English Merchants, 19, 21
Old Age, Tully of, 330
Oldys, 228
Onkmanton, Henry, 10, 148
Order of Chivalry, The, printed by Caxton, 289
Orford, Lord, 217
Orologium Sapientiæ, 351
Osborne, 208
Ottley, 128, 135
Ovid, Metamorphoses of, 90, 368
Oxford, Robert, Earl of, 208, 369
Palmer, Samuel, 109
Paper, its Value, 102;
its Watermarks, 98;
Large-Paper Copies, 97;
Paper Mill, 96;
the kind used by Caxton, 97
Paris, M., 172, 214
Parker, Archbishop, 105, 220
Pannartz, 84
Pannizzi Sir Anthony, 106
Pegge Dr., 3
Pembroke College, Cambridge, 273
Pepysian, 235, 342, 350, 368, 369
Perkin Warbeck, 223
Perrot, Thomas, 27
Peterborough, Earl of, 253
Petrus Carmelianus, Sex Epistolæ, printed by Caxton, 268
Petzholdt, Dr. Julius, 271
Philadelphia, Loganian Library, 285
Pica Sarum, seu Directorium, printed by Caxton, 241
Pica, type of printers, 240
Pilgrimage of the Soul, The, printed by Caxton, 259
Pins, Jean de, 310
Pisan, Christine de, 336
Poge, the Florentine, the Fables of, printed by Caxton, 287
Polycronicon, printed by Caxton, 65, 89, 256
Portraits of Caxton, 90
Pratt, William, 17, 75, 81, 316
Prayers, Death-bed, printed by Caxton, 285
Premierfait, Laurence de, 231
Preste, Simon, 24
Psalter, the First, 44
Psalterium, &c., printed by Caxton, 243
Purgatoire des mauvais Maris, 63
Pye, The, a Tenement, 75
Pye, a collection of rules, 240
Pykering, John, 151;
Successor to Caxton as Governor of the English Nation, 21;
summoned before the Court of the Mercers, and discharged from his
office, 21
Pynson, Richard, 94, 295
Quadrilogue, Le, by Colard Mansion, 67, 179
Quaternion, Meaning of, 132, 168
Quatre derrennieres Choses, 56, 61, 63, 64, 67, 68, 185, 330
Queen’s College, Oxford, 273
Quinternion, Meaning of, 168
Rawlett’s Library, Tamworth, 284
Recto, Meaning of, 168
Recueil, Le, des Histories de Troye, 25, 60, 63, 65, 68, 171
Recuyell, The, of the Histories of Troye, 26-28, 31, 41, 56-60, 63,
68, 104
Redeknape, Esmond, 17
Redeknape, W., 17, 19, 151
Red-Pale, The, 75, 80
Red Ink, Curious use of, by Caxton and Mansion, 185
Regimen Sanitatis Salernitanum, 341
Reglets, 123
Reinaert die Vos, die Historie Van, 230
Revelations of Saint Elizabeth of Hungary, 365
Reynard the Fox, History of, printed by Caxton, 1st Edition, 229;
2nd Edition, 341
Rhodes, The Siege of, 223, 366
Richard III, 80, 198, 290
Richmond, Margaret, Countess of, 80
Ripon Minster, 215, 263
Ripoli Press, 102, 106
Ritson, 201;
Bib. Poet, 205
Rivers, Anthoine, Earl of, 24, 28, 80, 217;
translated the Dictes, 189
Robert, Monk of Shrewsbury, 302
Rock, Canon, D.D., 240
Roger, Monk of St. Werberg, 257
Roman Types, 43
Romans, Les, de la Table Ronde et les Contes des anciens Bretons,
305
Romuleon, written by Colard Mansion, 50
Rood of Oxford, 265
Rotherham, Bishop, 242
Roxburgh Club, 207, 210
Royal Book, the, or Book for a King, printed by Caxton, 322, 368
Roye, Guy de, 326
Rubrisher, The, 135
Rule of St. Benet, The, printed by Caxton, 350, 351, 355
Russell, John, Bishop of Lincoln, 24, 197, 228;
his “Propositio,” printed by Caxton, 196
Ryolle, William, 86
Sacerdotum Directorium, printed by Caxton, 345
Salisbury Missal, 367
Salve Regina, printed by Caxton, 199
Saona, Fratris Laurentii Gulielmi de, Margarita Eloquentiæ, printed
by Caxton, 218, 220
Scala Cœli, 326
Scales, Lord, 24, 197
Scriptorium of Westminster Abbey, 74
Scrivers, 134
Scroope, Archbishop, 321
Selle, John, 16
Seven Points, The, of True Love and Everlasting Wisdom, or Orologium
Sapientiæ, printed by Caxton, 350
Sermons, Four, printed by Caxton, 265, 358
Sermons of Vitriaco, The, 326
Servitium de Transfiguratione Jhesu Christi, printed by Caxton, 330
Servitium de Visitatione B. Mariæ Virginis, printed by Caxton, 267,
331
Sex perelegantissimæ Epistolæ per Petrum Carmelianum Emendatæ,
printed by Caxton, 268
Shakspere, W., 172, 298
Shrewsbury, John Talbot, Earl of, 336
Siege of Rhodes, 220, 366
Signatures, 41, 42
Sixtus IV, Pope, 197, 220
Skogan, John, Envoy of Chaucer to, printed by Caxton, 211
Sloane, Sir Hans, 310
Sluis, The Port of, Bruges, 26
Smithfield, Jousts in, 12
Smith, John, 109
Somerset, Margaret, Duchess of, 343
Somme de Roi, La; or, La Somme des Vices et des Vertus, 323
Sophologium, 316
Sotheby, S. Leigh, 102
Soushavie, or Souabe, Jehan, 351
Southey, Robert, 305
Spacing, 44
Speculum Historiale, 307
Speculum Vitæ Christi, printed by Caxton, 1st Edition, 316;
2nd Edition, 328
St. Alban’s, the Printer Schoolmaster of, 45, 219;
Grammar School, 215, 241, 242;
St. Alban’s Chronicle, 248
St. Benet’s Chapel, Westminster, 214
St. James of Compostella, 189
St. John’s College, Cambridge, 349
St. John’s College, Oxford, 225, 248, 347
St. John’s Hospital of Jerusalem, 174
St. John the Evangelist, Guild of, 37
St. Martin’s Otewich, 152
St. Olave, Old Jewry, 10
St. Omer, Proposed Convention at, 23
Stans Puer ad Mensam, printed by Caxton, 66, 199
Stanzas, various, printed by Caxton, 205
Star Chamber Decree, 105
Statutes of Henry VII, printed by Caxton, 339
Staunton, Thos., 147
Steel Yard, 22, 78, 192
Steevens, G., 172
Stomachi Medicina, printed by Caxton, 340
Stow, John G., 250
Stower, C., 109
Streete, Randolph, 10, 147, 148
Strete, Hundred of, 10
Stubbes, John, 31, 149
Styles, Old and New, in the Year, 56
Suso, Henry de, 351
Sutton, John, 19
Surigo, Stephen, 214
Surse, Pistoie, 232
Sweynheim and Pannartz, 43, 84
Tate, John, 103, 151
Temple of Brass, The, printed by Caxton, 1st Edition, 208;
2nd Edition, 211
Terms, Explanation of, 168
Ternion, Meaning of, 132, 168
Thomassy, Raimond, 195
Thorney, Roger, 253
Timperley, C. H., 109
Title Pages, 45
Tractatus de ymagine mundi, 228
Trade Marks of Printers, 76
Trades, List of, in the Guild of St. John the Evangelist, 37
Trading Guilds, 17
Treatise of Love, A, printed by Caxton, 258
Treatise on Hunting and Hawking, 338
Treaty of Trade, Commission for Renewal of, 22
Tree of Battailes, 337
Treveris, Peter, 94
Troilus and Creside by Shakspere, 172
Trojan War, 172
Troy, Siege of, 172
Trinity College, Cambridge, 347
Trinity College, Dublin, 222
Troylus and Creside, printed by Caxton, 297
Tully of Old Age; Tully of Friendship; The Declamation of Noblesse,
printed by Caxton, 230
Turnat, Richard, 10
Twelve Profits of Tribulation, The, printed by Caxton, 350
Tympans, 130
Typefounding, 104
Type, No. 1, Books printed in, described, 169-182
Type, No. 2, 64, 112
Type, No. 3, 114, 115
Type, No. 5, 118
Type, No. 6, 119
Types, 43, 104, 109
Upsala, University Library, 221
Utrecht, Old Records, 25
Vaghan, Thomas, 197
Valerius, Maximus, 50
Van Praet, M., 37, 50, 51, 179
Vegetius, De re militari, 336
Vellum used for Caxton’s books, 103
Vento, Jeronimo, 160
Vérard, Antoine, 338, 355
Verso, meaning of, 168
Vienna, Imperial Library 235, 253, 295
Vignay, Jehan de, 174, 283
Vignoles, Bernard de, 223
Vins d’honneur, 27
Vitæ Patrum, 85
Vocabulary in French and English, printed by Caxton, 262
Wagstaffe, Bishop, 321
Walbrook, Watercourse of, 10
Walpole, Horace, 196
Warde, John, 150
Warwick, Earl of, 23, 27, 80
Watermarks in Caxton’s books, 98
Watson, James, 109
Weald of Kent, 1
Westminster, 70;
Abbots of, 74;
Wool-staple at, 77
Whitehill, Sir Richard, 22
Whetyngton, Quit Rents, 152
Wideville, Richard, 161
Wilson, Joshua, Esq., 331
Winchester, Earl of, 35
Windsor, Royal Library, 289
Winifred, Life of Saint, printed by Caxton, 301
Wright, Thomas, Mr., 305
Wool-staple at Westminster, 77
Worde, Wynken de, 45, 75, 94;
His blunders, 64, 66;
Various ways he spelt his name, 66
Wyche, Hewe, 28, 31, 149
Wyche, Richard, burnt, 12
Year. Old and new style of reckoning in England and Flanders, 56
York, Cathedral Library, 207, 210
Zanetti, 102
Zel Ulric, 44, 62, 63
Transcriber’s Notes
• Italics represented with surrounding _underscores_.
• Small caps converted to ALL CAPS.
• Blackletter (old style printing) represented with surrounding
~tildes~.
• Superscripts not available in Unicode represented with a caret and
braces if more than one character: Rob^{t.}
• Subscripts not available in Unicode represented with an underscore
and braces: Rob_{t.}
• The superscripted signatures described on p. 168 are not
superscripted in this text version. So, for example, 4^{ns} is
presented as 4ns throughout.
• The initial character of every chapter is an ornate illustrated
letter. No attempt to represent these is made in the text or
electronic book versions but is reproduced fully in the HTML version.
• Obvious typographic errors silently corrected. No corrections made
to any representation of original texts.
• Variations in hyphenation and spelling kept as in the original.
• Illustrations moved close to the relevant content.
• Footnotes numbered consecutively and moved to the end of their
respective chapters.
• p. 47 - The word “edition” in the table has been shortened to “ed.”