Yarum, 226.
York, 41, 186, 282.
York, James, Duke of, afterwards James II. 191, 265.
Young gentleman of the university, character of, 65.
Young man, character of, 42.
Younger brother, character of, 22.
Ziba, 265.
THE END.
ERRATUM.
Page li. line 10, for _first_, read _fift_.
SUPPLEMENTARY APPENDIX.
VARIOUS READINGS AND VERSIONS FROM THE DURHAM MS.
A CHILDE.
1. "His soul is yet a white _page_" (paper).
AN ORDINARY PHYSITIAN.
4. After the words "take Physicke." "He drives away ye time if he cannot
ye maladie, and is furnished with an hundred merrie tales for the purpose.
He is no faithful friend for he leaves a man gasping, and his pretence is,
death and he are enemies."
A SELFE-CONCEITED MAN.
10 (_11 in Bliss_). "A parasite is a stale to him," for "_a flatterer is a
dunce to him_."
A RESERVED MAN.
26 (_12 in Bliss_). "Never speaks above the audit of a whisper," for
"_whispers you in the ear acts_."
A DOUNE-RIGHT SCHOLLER.
20 (21 in _Bliss_). After "language of a falconer." "He is frigging up and
doune, and composeth not his body to a settled posture. Gallants mock him
for ushering Gentlewomen and indeed he hath not squired it in their
Allies."
A POTT POET.
22 (_28 in Bliss_). After "patches," "yet their footemanshippe is not
altogether shuffling." After "His other poems are but briefs." "At more
leisur'd times he makes disticks on noblemen which are put under their
twopenny pictures that hang in the bookbinders' shops."
A FORWARD, BOLD MAN.
30 (_43 in Bliss_). _For_ "like a desperate soldier," read "like our
north-west merchants, will venture where he cannot goe." Also "Saint
_Laurence_" _for_ "St. Maries."
A PLAINE COUNTRIE FELLOWE.
23 (_22 in Bliss_). After "sallets." "He will talk with his oxen very
soberly and expostulates with his hindes, and then in the same language he
guides the plow, and the plough guides his thoughts, and his bounde or
landmarke is the very limitts of his cogitation."
A SERGEANT, (SERIEANT).
32 (_52 in Bliss_). After "Attempted and atchieved," "clubbes out of
charity knocke him doune; next an hereticke he is the worst man to follow
for he leads by the arme to destruction; his most dangerous place is
Chancery Lane's end where he hansells now and then."
A PARTIALL MAN.
33 (_37 in Bliss_). After "colledge." "The Puritane is most guilty of this
humour, for he takes the opinion of one Dutch commentatour before a legion
of fathers; and, which is worse, his own before them both."
A TRUMPETTER.
34 (_38 in Bliss_). "In short he is a bubble _and his life a blast_."
A PAULES WALKE.
43 (_41 in Bliss_). "Properest," for "_perfectest_ motion." After
"a-foot." "It hath its tempests like the sea, and as violent, and men are
ship-wrack't upon pillars like great rocks." And _at the end_ after "could
not"--"ffinally it is used for a church of these two only, sharkes and cut
purses, the one comes thither to fast, the other to prey."
A DUN.
42 (_53 in Bliss_). After "shift in the world," comes "He is like a
frivlous suitor, _haunting_, _haunting_ (sic) those ..." (in place of the
sentence in Bliss beginning "some chuse," which is transposed in MS. with
very slight changes so as to follow the sentence ending with "find them
within.")
A PLAUSIBLE MAN.
45 (_29 in Bliss_). "He supples all and discommends none, except where his
commendations might crosse the company, and then he holds his
peace,"--after the words "what is civil."
A BAKER.
_16 in MS._ (_44 in Bliss_). "His condition is the same with all other
men, for he lives by bread which from a rude and undigested heape he putts
into lumpe and forme. His kneading tub and his pavin are the two misteries
of his occupation and he is a filcher by his trade, but the miller is
before him. Thrive he cannot much in the world, for his cake is oft dow
bak't and will never be a man of valour he is still so meall-mouth'd, he
is observed for a great lyer for he is seldome true in his tale, though
the score be many times on his pate for better reckoning, one vertue he
hath that he is charitable, for his bread is often given to the poore. A
clarke of the market he abhorres, and a pair of weight scales over-throwes
him, yet he finds mercy in his offences, and his basket only is sent to
prison. Many a pillery is his deadly enemie, and they never meete but they
goe together by the eares."
_The additional matter in the "Bright MS." is found here also._
AN HERAULD.[DZ]
(_Almost identical with the version in the "Bright MS."_)
_40 in MS._ (_46 in Bliss_). "He gives armes himselfe though he be no
Gentleman, and therefore hath good reason to dispence with other; his
trade and profession is honour, and doth that which few noble can doe,
thrive by the Title. You would think he had the Indian mines, for he tells
of the fesse[EA] of gold and silver, but believe him not for they are but
devises to get money: he seemes only to deale with Gentry, but his
chiefest purchases are on them that are none, whose bounty he conceales
yet blazons: his bribes are like those of a corrupt judge, for they are
the prizes[EB] of blood. His traffiques are like children's gew-gawes,
pendants, and scutchions and little daggars, and his penniworths are
extraordinary deare ffor he holdes three Boares heads higher than three
Brawnes in the market. He was sometime the coate of Mars, but is now for
more mercifull battailes in the tilt yard where whosoever is victorious
the spoyles are his. His is an art in England but nature in Wales, where
they are borne with Herauldry in their mouthes, and each name is a
pedigree."
A YOUNG RAW PREACHER.
2. "_Till ye clocke stop him._" "Little instructions shall you have though
great store of doctrines and many uses to small purpose; he putts much
zeale into his booke, and belabours his tongue exceedingly. The only thing
he makes himselfe in his sermons is faces, his action is all passions, and
his speach interiections. He hath an excellent faculty in crying 'ah!' and
spits with a very good grace." "_He will not, etc._" "He cites Pastills
for authors, Perkins for fathers, and some catechisme is his schoole
divinity."
A GRAVE DIVINE.
3. "Arts his way." "He thinks he ought to become learned to learne so high
a mystery, w^{ch} like ye dye of scarlet is not set well upon a raw
cloath, but requires a former tincture."[EC] "_He accounts, etc._" For
"ballast" read "_last blast_" (in the first sentence).
AN ANTIQUARY.
_9 in MS._ (_7 in Bliss_). "His life was in this age, his conversation
long before, and his acquaintance of some thousand yeares before he was
borne. He is a great enemy to the man of time, and fetches many a morsell
againe out of his stomacke, when it is now all rotten and stinking. Old
women should like him very well for he is much enamoured of wrinckles, and
loves all things, as Dutchmen doe cheese, ye better for being mouldy and
worm-eaten." "_He is of our Religion, etc._"
A PLAYER.
_19 in MS._ (_23 in Bliss_). "_Upon him._" "He hath reason to be
experienced in the world, for he hath passed through more shapes then
Pythagoras his soule, and knows all conditions from y^e King to the
Cobler, he is qualified and hath many good parts, but he is condemned for
one boasting humour, that he will speake them himselfe." "_He hath one,
etc._" "_Never con'd._" "A true man he can hardly be, for he pleaseth the
better he counterfeits, except only when he is disguised with straw for
gold lace. His comings in are tollerable, yet in small money, and like
Halifax great viccaridge most of it in two pences." "_The waisting woman,
etc._" "_Gentlemen_," "and may become the bench in time as well they. He
neadeth not feare death, for killing is but his sport, and his chiefe
practice hath beene to dye bravely."
A YOUNG GENTLEMAN IN THE UNIVERSITY.
_18 in MS._ (_25 in Bliss_). "_Spend next day._" "If you speake to him as
a Schooler, he telleth you you mistake him he is a gentleman and loath to
marre his stile with that title. Sometime upon intreaty he vouchsafeth to
be a Batchelour, and thinks he hath done the degree great grace in taking
it." "_His companion, etc._" Above this, and after the word "misplacing."
"He comes often to his bookes but seldome to his study, unless he be taken
with Stepheus or Paris printe, which endeares the booke unto him. Yet
sometimes he will...."
{ VICCARS (MS.)
{ SINGING MEN.
_6 in MS._ (_47 in Bliss_). "_To sing catches._" "In their election of a
brother they are respectfull of his gifts, that is, of his bottles of
sacke, and he that is most liberall to them heere makes them sure. If they
get a church their faces are the richer, and they are men of more
reckoning at the bush or read lattice." "Long lived, etc."
A SHOP-KEEPER.
_39 in MS._ (_48 in Bliss_). "He examines the necessity of passengers, and
beggs in the phrase of the giver 'with what do you lacke?'" "... _abuse
his brother_. His prizes are like new playes, very dear at first view, but
after you goe over them they still fall lower, and he is one who of all
men you shoulde not take of his worde." "_He is your slave, etc._"
A BOWL ALLEY.
_38 in MS._ (_30 in Bliss_). "Say nothing." "It is their as it is at
skirmishes the first man doth much, and no victory without a good
leader." "_It is, etc._" After the first sentence comes in MS. "fortune is
never pox't louder nor the Deuill oftener sent about errands; he is the
companion that goes with every bowle, and with him the bowlers."
A SHE PRECISE HYPOCRITE.
(The Shee Puritane _in the MS._)
_36 in MS._ (_34 in Bliss_). "Owne Parish." "And if her husband be so
profaine that he will not carrie her on horsebacke to heare another preach
shee will goe as far on foote to heare her selfe pray." "_She doubts,
etc._" "Scruples." "Shee dareth not give a penny to a beggar for feare he
be a reprobate, but shee thinkes usury lawfull upon strangers that be not
her brethren." "_Shee is more fierce, etc._" "Shee is discovered though
shee weare a vaile," after "_Geneva Print_." "Reads that shee hath noted,
and applauds herselfe for a noble woman of Berea," after "_comes home_."
After "_gossippings_," "unlesse to exercises." After "_sampler_," "save
that once a year she workes a black-wrought night-cap for some reverend
good man to weare, because it is against the cannon, and then she thinkes
him a bishop's fellow." After "_weapons_" (weapon), "is the Practice of
Piety, or else shee is armed with the sixt to the Ephesians." For "the
Brownist" read "thinks that Amsterdam is erroneous."
THE WEAK MAN.
In the Bright MS. there are some important additions and variations in
"_The Weak Man_." After the words "his brain stays behind," it goes on "He
is for wit as your young travellers for languages, as much as will call
for necessities and hardly that. He is not crafty enough to be a knave,
nor wise enough to be honest, but the midway betwixt; a kind of harmless
man. His whole vice is his indiscretion, and yet this makes him seem
guilty of all." After the word "reserved" in Bliss, the MS. goes on: "He
will part with anything in a humour, but in a good cause with nothing, and
you may better entice him than persuade him. He is often perverse, never
resolute and inexorable to nothing so much as reason. He loves wits and
scholars to his cost, for he never has their company but invited. His
friendships commonly are begun in a supper and lost in lending money. The
way to gain his regard is to neglect him, for if he once be in good
estimation, he grows proud upon it and contemns you." After the words
"laid to his charge." "He puts in his verdict at all discourses, and
whatsoever reason you urge, he holds his conclusion." Again, after the
words "breaks forth with all." "His fear is his most violent persuader,
which makes him do more upon the authority of one he hates, than the suit
of his friend. He is one not to live in this world, for each man is his
ambush, and his friend to abuse him. He has been long in contempt, and at
last out of money, and then men cry 'alas!' and forget him."
A SCEPTICK IN RELIGION.
P. 99. This Character also is so varied from the printed copies in the
Bright MS. that it is given from the latter entire. "He is defined by a
genus without a difference; for he is a Christian at large, and no more.
He uses the land's religion because it is next him; yet he sees not why he
may not take the other yet he chooses this not as better, but because
there is not a pin to choose. He is wondrous loth to hazard his credulity,
and whilst he fears to believe amiss, believes nothing. The opinion of an
over judgment wrongs him, which makes him too wise for the truth. He
finds doubts and scruples better than resolves them, and has always some
argument to nonplus himself. The least religion is enough to perplex him,
and the best will not satisfy him. He hammers too much in general upon our
opinion's incertainty, and the possibility of erring makes him not venture
on what is true. He cannot drive into his fancy the circumscription of
religion into our corner, and yet, the absurdity of Popery staggers him
again. He could like the Protestant better were it not for the puritan,
and the papist but for the Jesuit. He thinks we are more rational, and
likes the life of the other. He thinks so many wise men would not believe
but on good ground, and so many honest men cannot be on the wrong side;
yet he sees not their reason notwithstanding, nor assents to their honesty
without it. He is taken with their miracles yet doubts an imposture; he
conceives of our doctrine better, yet it seems too empty and naked. He
prefers their charity, and commends our zeal, yet suspects that for
blindness, and this but humour. He sees rather what to fly than to follow,
and wishes there were no sides that he might take one. He will sometimes
propend to us upon the reading a good writer, and at Bellarmine recoils as
far back again; and the fathers justle him from one side to another. His
conscience interposes itself betwixt two duellers, and whilst it would
part both, is by both wounded. He hates authority as the tyrant of reason,
and you cannot anger him worse than with a Luther or Calvin's dixit, yet
that wise men are not persuaded with reason, shall authorize his doubt. In
sum, his whole life is a question, and his salvation a greater, wherein he
is so long a disputing, till death make the conclusion, and then he is
resolved."
[From Bliss's annotated copy of Earle's Microcosmography.]
A GALLANT.
P. 57. (_In the Bodleian, 2699, E. 21._) [This version is almost identical
with that in the Durham MS. till the last few sentences.] The variations
between the printed copy and Dr. Bright's MS. are so considerable, that
the latter text is here given entire. "A Gallant is a heavy loader of
himself, for he lays more upon his back than it is able to bear, and so at
last breaks it. His first care is his clothes, and the next his body, and
in the uniting of these two lyes his judgment. He is no singular man, for
he is altogether in the fashion, and his very look and beard are squared
to a figure conformable. His face and his boot are ruffled much alike, and
he takes great delight in his walk to hear his spurs gingle. Though his
life pass somewhat slidingly, yet he seems very carefull of the tyme, for
he is always drawing his watch out of his pocket, and spends part of his
hours in numbering them. His chiefest toil is how to spin out the day, and
get a match for cards or the bowl alley, and his worst companion is
himself, for then he is desperate and knows not what to do. The labour of
doing nothing had made him long since weary of his life, if tobacco and
drink did not out of charity employ him. He is furnished with jests, as
some wanderer with sermons, some three for all companies, and when these
are expired, his discourse survives in oaths and laughter. He addresses
himself to ladies with the wagging of his lock, and complements like
Euphues or the knights of the Sun; yet his phrase is the worst apparalled
thing about him, for it is plain fustian.[ED] His thigh is always well
apointed with a rapier, yet peaceable enough, and makes[EE] a wound in
nothing but the scabard, yet[EF] rather than point the field, hee'l pull
it out in the street. He is weaponed rather in the street, than the
highway, for he fears not a thief, but a serjeant. His clothes and himself
grow stale together, and the last act of his life is invisible, for he is
buried commonly before he dies, in the jail or the[EG] country."
The following Character may serve as an illustrative commentary on part of
Earle's character of an Attorney.
THE CHARACTER OF AN ATTORNEY.
P. 211. (_From a MS. in the Bodleian, Sheldon Papers_), circa 1642. An MS.
Notebook of Bliss's in my possession, containing some 50 pages filled with
the titles of books of characters, has this one among them, in 17th
century hand-writing (pasted on to the page). When this was acquired he
does not say. "An Atturney is a Broker at Law for hee sels wordes and
counsell at the second hand, studies but one language that hee may not bee
thought double tonged, and when vpon necessitie hee reades Latin, 'tis
with a quaking hast soe feare fully you wold thinke him a fellon at his
miserere. Hee speakes nothing but reports, statutes and obligations, and
'tis to bee thought wooes soe too; Lady I hold of you in capite and was by
the fates enacted yours in decimo of the Ringe; his prayers are
soloecismes for peace, and yet for contention; hee beleeues in Littleton
or the present Cheefe-Justice and against this fayth hee thinkes the
Chancery Hoeerticall, especially if he speake in a Rocket; his degrees are
to proceed either a Court-keeper or an Under-shrieue and then a Judges nod
qualifies him; hee may hold two or three Clyents the more; to conclude hee
is a very noune adiectiue whom noe man dares trust to stand by himselfe,
but requires a Counsellour to bee ioyned with him."--DEANE.
TWO LETTERS OF EARLE'S.
[TANNER MS., vol. 48, No. 46.]
Saru[(m] Sept. 25. 1662.
"MY LORD
"I recyvd your Lordshipp's letter this day from my Lord
of Sarum and give you my most humble and harty thankes
for the great favour you intended me, as likewise for
your good opinion of me! as well as your affection, that
you thinke me capable of such a place in the Church. But
my Lord I that understand my self better, though all
things els worse, then any other frend, find those
causes within me why I should not accept this offer,
that I can no way answer, but must absolutely decline
it. Your Lordshipp may remember when you were pleas'd to
propose it to me before the last Bishop had it, what I
said to you then, how unfitted I was for it in many
respects. The same reasons hold good still and the
rather, as I am now both elder and infirmer, and I am
afraid more desperately so, then I beleevd my self to be
at that time. When I come to London, as I hope to doe
with in little more then a fortnight, I shall satisfy
you more particularly, as I conceyve I have done
already my Lord of Saru[(m], whose judgement as I should
submitt to assoone as any mans, and sooner then my owne
if it were different from mine. So I am more confirm'd
in my owne opinion, when I find it conformable to his,
being satisfyed with these reasons I had to refuse it.
Seriously if I thought I could doe that service to the
Church, which many hundreds could not doe better, I
would preferre the doing it with trouble before any ease
or convenience of my owne but in the condition that I
am, and the many imperfections upon me, I do not speak
it modestly, I cannot have such a thought. I am hartily
sorry for the death of that Bishop,[EH] he was a man of
excellent parts and though there was something to be
desired in him, yett take him alltogether he was both
able and likely to good service in that place which I
pray God may loose nothing by his successor!
My Lord I beseech your Lordship to present my most
humble duty and thankes to my gracious Master, the
thinking me worthy of such a preferment, and that
frankness and kindness which you speak of in his
expressing it, was worth to me a great deale more then
any thing els he could give me. I pray for him daylie,
and most hartily, as I doe likewise for your Lordship to
whom I am a moste affectionate servant
My Lord
JO: EARLES."
[_Addressed_] "For the Right Reverend Father in God
Gilbert Lord Bishopp of London these at
Whitehall."
FOOTNOTES:
[DZ] It is curious to find this Character in the Durham MS. Bliss, in his
account of the editions, speaks of the 6th edition (1633) as having two
_additional_ Characters, one of them being "The Herald." The edition of
1630, also called "the 6th edition augmented," I possess. It contains
seventy-six characters (numbered as seventy-seven by mistake), but neither
of the two "additional ones." Bliss's knowledge of editions, as well as
his acquisition of them was increased largely in the years that followed
the publication of his book. When he had acquired the 1st edition he wrote
pathetically in his annotated copy, "I have been more than fifty years
looking for this book!" By that time too he knew that what he here calls
the _2nd_ edition of 1629 was really the _fifth_. (See _Arber's Reprint_,
where a table of the editions is given.)
[EA] "Fields."--_Bright MS._
[EB] "Prices."--_Bright MS._
[EC] This sentence by itself would make the Durham MS. a treasure.
[ED] "He is of great account with his mercer and in no man's books so
much: who is so sure a friend to him that he will not lose him."--_Durham
MS._
[EE] "He is a great derider of schollers and censures their steeple hats
for not being set on so good a blocke as his."--_Durham MS._
[EF] "He will pull it out in the streets."--_Durham MS._
[EG] "Counter."--_Durham MS._
[EH] Bp. Gauden, of Worcester, died in the beg. of Sept., 1662.
[CLARENDON STATE PAPERS, No. 1465.]
MR. EARLES TO MR. HYDE.[EI]
"Well Sir! I will grumble no more, since you have
vouchsaft to answer me at last, I was afraid you had
thought you could not be enimy to the Court of Honour
enough, except you renounc'd all civilitye. I could be
verie angry with Mr. Vaughan for defrauding me of your
punctuale letter, by not taking his leave of you, but he
tells me, he was at your chamber in the Temple every
day, and not finding you there, knew not where to seek
you. Well I hope one day you will meet with some trustye
messenger whose pockett may be capable of the great
_arcana_[EJ] of your letter. I am not altogether without
some intelligence how things passe, though by no such
authenticall men as you are, yet such as G. Morley, who
though he was not a man of such imployment, yet was one
of less leasure then you for this fortnight, being to
make a much longer speech then you, and in as good
companye, for which I heare he is not thankd, as
perchance nor you neyther. May you not trust with a
carier, the telling me how he did, or how my Lord of
Falkland does, since he is resolved I shall understand
nothing of him by himselfe. I will not unthriftily spill
my letters any more there, where they returne me no
fruit. My father is your servant, for Sir _Cph_[EK]
Widington, I hope he will compose this quarell without a
suite. Is T. Triplett at London yett, or have you any
great occasion to draw him up. These are all safe things
to be convey'd by a porter to a carier, and by him to
me, though my Lord Marshalls himself had feed them to
intercept, or brake open your letters. Well when you are
most idle, for I must confesse the thinking of me is not
worth any time, wherein you may doe any thing els, say
something to me. I that have leasure for us both, (as
indeed what business here can fill a man's leasure that
does not hunt nor drinke nor play at cardes) am content
with so much patience from you as to read me when you
will not write to
Your most humble servant
JO. EARLES."
[EL] "Bishopston."
"Bish. Dec. 9."
"Pray remember my service to Mrs. Hyde and Mr. Harding."
_An Original endorsed by Mr. Hyde._[EM]
[Addressed] To my most honor'd frend Mr. Edward Hyde at
Sir Thomas Aylesburies house in Westminster in the Deans
yard.
[Endorsed by Hyde] Mr. Earles 10ber. 1640.
LETTERS OF CLARENDON TO EARLE, A.D. 1647.
SIR EDWARD HYDE TO DR. JOHN EARLES.
"Sir,