isomerous.
Homoeonomous: of the same substance or texture.
Homoetype: = homotype; q.v.
Homogeneous: of the same kind or nature: similar in texture or parts.
Homogenous: similar in structure due to a community of descent.
Homologous: implies that organs are identical in general structure
and origin, though they may have developed in different ways for
special purposes: see analogous.
Homomorpha: insects in which the larvae resemble the adults.
Homonymous: pertaining to homology of parts arranged on a
transverse axis similarly developed and of equal function.
Homonym: a name similar to or like another already used for a
species in the same genus, or for a genus in the same kingdom: such
names are paid to be preoccupied.
Homonymous: where the same name is applied to different
conceptions.
Homophonous: words differently written but indistinguishable in
sound, applied to different conceptions.
Homoplastic: implies that organs, similar in situation and purpose,
are not structurally the same, or have not the same origin.
Homoptera: an ordinal term applied to those Hemiptera in which the
primaries are of the same consistence throughout.
Homotenous: retaining the primitive form: applied to insects without
or with an incomplete metamorphosis.
Homotype: is a specimen named by another than the author after
comparison with the type.
Honey dew: a sweetish excretion produced by certain insects, notably
Aphids and Coccids, and exuding from the surface of some galls.
Honey tubes: small tubes or tubercles on the abdomen of plant lice
and other insects through which a sweetish liquid or honey dew is
excreted siphonets; siphuncles; cornicles.
Hood: of the maxilla is the galena; q.v.: in Tingitidae the elevated
portion of the prothorax, often covering the head.
Hooked hairs: = gathering hairs; q.v.
Horismology: see orismology.
Horizontal: said of wings when held parallel to the horizon.
Horn: a pointed chitinous process of the head: in the plural form
applied to the antennae; q.v.
Host: the individual infested by or upon which a parasite grows: also
applied to the maker of a cell or other structure in which guest flies or
other insects take up their abode.
Hudsonian zone: is that part of the boreal region comprising the
northern part of the great transcontinental coniferous forests. In the
eastern United States restricted to the cold summits of the highest
mountains, from northern New England to western North Carolina: in
the west it covers the higher slopes of the Rocky and Sierra-Cascade
systems.
Humeral: relating to the shoulder or humerus.
Humeral angle: in Lepidoptera, that angle of the wings at the base of
costa, near the point of attachment to the body: in Coleopteran, the
outer anterior angle of elytra: in Orthoptera, the obtusely rounded
angle formed by the deflection of the sides of the pronotum from the
dorsal.
Humeral bristles: in Diptera, are situated on the humeral callus.
Humeral callus: in Diptera, is a rounded callus forming the anterior
superior angle of the mesothorax.
Humeral carina: in Coleoptera, an elevated ridge or keel on the outer
anterior angle of elytra.
Humeral cross-vein: (Comst.); extends between the costa and
subcosta close to base.
Humeralis: Coleopteran; when the elytral has an angulated projecting
margin at base.
Humeral stripe: in Odonata, covers the humeral suture.
Humeral suture: in Odonata, runs from just in front the base of the
fore-wing to the edge of the median coxa, separating the
mesepisternum from the mesepimeron.
Humeral veins: in Lepidoptera, secondary veins on posterior wings of
Lasiocampids, developed to strengthen the humeral angle.
Humerus: the shoulder: in Coleopteran; the basal exterior angle of
elytra: in Diptera, the anterior superior angles of the mesothorax: in
Orthoptera, the femur of the fore-leg: in Hymenoptera, applied to the
sub-costal vein in some groups.
Humid: applied to regions in which the normal rainfall is sufficient to
produce ordinary farm crops without irrigation: see arid.
Hyacinthine: the purple blue of the hyacinth [between mauve and
lilac].
Hyaline: vitreous: transparent or partially so.
Hyaloplasm: the clear, semi-fluid material between the meshes of the
cell reticulum.
Hybrid: the progeny from the mating of two species.
Hydradephaga; -ous: applied to aquatic, predatory pentamerous
beetles with filiform antennae: see adephagous.
Hydro: relating to water: a combining form used as a prefix.
Hydrolysis: the chemical decomposition of a compound by water,
causing formation of a new compound.
Hydrophilous: applied to species living in low, damp places.
Hymen: a thin plane membrane serving as a partition.
Hymenoptera: membrane-winged: an ordinal term applied to insects
with four membranous wings with few veins, the anterior usually
larger than the posterior; mouth mandibulate; head free; thorax
agglutinate, transformations complete.
Hyoid: having the form of the Greek upsilon, Y
Hypermetamorphosis: when an insect passes through more than the
normal number of stages; the interpolated stages coming usually
between the full-grown larva and adult.
Hyperparasite: is a form that is parasitic upon another parasite.
Hypertely: beyond the bounds of the useful: those forms whose
resemblance to other objects is closer than needful, or without
apparent object.
Hypertrigonal space: = supra-triangular space; q.v.
Hypertrophied: abnormally large or excessively developed.
Hypnody: lethargy; a condition similar to or identical with hibernation.
Hypertrophy: any abnormal enlargement or excessive development.
Hypoblast: = entoderm.
Hypocrateriform: salver-shaped.
Hypodactyle: the so-called labium of Hemiptera.
Hypoderm -is: the cellular layer which secretes the chitinous cuticula
and in this sense = epidermis: specifically applied to the lining
membrane of elytral and hemelytra.
Hypodermatic: of or concerning the hypodermic.
Hypodermic: under the skin.
Hypoglottis: the under surface of the tongue = hypoglottis.
Hypoglottis: a sclerite inserted between rectum and labium in many
Coleopteran.
Hypognathous: having the mouth parts directed more or less vertically
ventrad.
Hypographous: shaded; applied to a fascia that becomes gradually
darker.
Hypomeron -a: in Coleopteran; the inflexed edge of the pronotum
(pronotal hypomera); and the raised lower margin of the epipleural
(elytral hypomera) (see epipleural) fold.
Hypopharyngeal: relating to the hypopharynx.
Hypopharyngeal sclerites: in bees, a pair of strap-like pieces along the
hypopharynx to the mentum: see also epipharyngeal sclerites.
Hypopharynx: a sensitive and sensory structure on the upper surface
of labium that serves as an organ of taste, or true tongue.
Hypopleura: in Diptera, the space over the middle and hind coxa,
between the metapleura and pteropleura: the side of the
metasternum: the mesepimeron of the mesothorax.
Hypoptere: = tegula; q.v..
Hypopygium: the anus: more specifically the lower plate of the anal
opening: in Diptera, the male sexual organs and terminal segments of
abdomen = propygium.
Hypostoma: in Diptera; that portion of the head included between
antennae, eyes and mouth: in Hemiptera: the lower part of face.
Hypotenuses: in Odonata; the simple or broken cross-vein between
media 4, and cubitus 1, forming outer boundary of triangle.
Hypotypes: includes specimens upon which supplementary
descriptions are based: = apotypes.
I
Iceous or Icius: suffix; expresses a likeness or the possession of a
character see aceus.
Icotypes: typical specimens which serve for purposes of identification,
but have not been used in literature.
Idiotype: a specimen named by the author after comparison with the
type, but not also a topotype.
Ignitus: fire-red [vermilion].
Ileo-colon: the anterior portion of the hind-gut, extending from the
mid-gut to the rectum, when not distinctly differentiated into ileum
and colon.
Ileum: the small intestine; begins at end of chylific ventricle at the
point where malpighian tubules join, and extends to colon.
Imaginal: pertaining to the adult or imago.
Imaginal buds, cells, or discs: in forms with a complete
metamorphosis are those embryonic cells around and from which the
organs and appendages of the future imago develop.
Imago: the adult or sexually developed insect.
Imbricate: arranged or appearing like the scales on a fish or the
shingles on a roof.
Immaculate: destitute of spots or marks.
Immarginate: without an elevated rim or margin.
Immersed -us: inserted, imbedded or hidden in.
Imponderable: that which cannot be weighed.
Impregnate-ed: to make or made fertile or pregnant: fertilized.
Impressed -us: a surface with shallow depressed areas or markings.
Impubis: without hair.
Inaequalis: unequal.
Inarticulate: not jointed or segmented.
Inaurate -us: golden yellow [pale cadmium yellow].
Ineanus: hoary.
Inch: the English and American standard of length in insect
measurement: it is = 12 lines and = 25.4 mm.: usually expressed in
units and hundredths, as 1.01.
Incised: notched or deeply cut into.
Incision: any cut into a margin or through a surface: the marginal
slits or notches in Coccidae.
Incisure: an impressed line marking the junction of two segments: an
incision.
Inclinate -us: leaning or inclining.
Inclusus: when one part is wholly or partially hidden in another.
Inconspicuous: not attracting attention or quickly noticeable.
Incrassated: thickened: rather suddenly swollen at some one point,
especially near tip.
Incubate: to brood: to cause to develop; as an egg.
Incumbent: lying one over another: wings when they cover the dorsal
horizontally.
Incunabulum: = folliculus and cocoon; q.v.
Incurved -ate: bowed or curved inwards.
Independent: in Lepidoptera; that vein of the wings that arises from
the cross-vein closing the cell, and does not branch directly from any
vein reaching the base: it is v. 5 of the numerical series in both wings
and the media of Comstock.
Indeterminate: not defined nor well marked; obscure: of no constant
form or shape.
Indigote: a very deep indigo blue.
Indirect: applied to metamorphosis = complete.
Indumentum: a covering of hairs, scales or tufts.
Indurated: hardened.
Indusium: the case made by an insect larva: a membranous layer of
the embryo of Locustidae below the serosa.
Inequal: a surface with irregular elevations and depressions.
Inermis: unarmed: without spines or spurs.
Infericornia: Hemiptera; in which the antenna appear to be inserted
well down on the sides of head; e.g. Lygaeidae.
Inferior: beneath, below or behind: a term of position.
Inferior appendage -es: in male Odonata the lower one or two of the
terminal abdominal parts used to clasp the female in copulation.
Inferior wings: = hind wings or secondaries: q.v.
Infero-posterior: below and behind: refers to location.
Inflated: blown up; distended bladder-like.
Inflected: bent inward at an angle.
Inflexus: = inflected.
Infra: below or beneath: opposed to supra.
Infra-anal lobe: a thick, conical fleshy lobe, often ending in a chitinous
point, situated beneath the vent in caterpillars.
Infra-cereal plates: in Orthoptera - generally inconspicuous paired
plates which underlie in part the cerci and in part the lateral portion
of the supra-anal plate.
Infra-clypeus: = ante-clypeus and rhinarium: q.v..
Infracted: abruptly bent inward, as if broken.
Infra-genital: below the genital opening or process.
Infra-marginal: situated below or behind the marginal cell.
Infra-median vein; in Orthoptera: = ulnar vein: q.v.
Infra-ocular: applied to the region below and between the eyes.
Infra-oesophageal: situated below oesophagus; see sub-oesophageal.
Infra-stigmatal: situated below the stigmata or spiracles.
Infringing: encroaching upon.
Infumated: clouded.
Infundibuliform: funnel-shaped.
Infuseated: smoky gray-brown with a blackish tinge [Roman sepia].
Ingens: unusually large or disproportionate in size.
Ingluvies: the crop; q.v.
Inner lobe: of maxilla = lacinia: q.v.
Inner margin: the line extending along the lower or interior edge of the
wing from the base to the hind or anal angle.
Innervate: to supply with nerves.
Innotatus: without markings.
Inocular: inserted in the inner margin of and partially or wholly
surrounded by the eye.
Inquiline: a species living in a gall or other structure prepared by a
different species, not as a parasite but as, a guest.
Inquiline: living as guests in the homes of others; as in galls.
Insect: a member of the class Insecta strictly limited.
Insecta: broadly defined, contains all articulates that are also
tracheates and have the head free from the thorax; more strictly
limited to those forms that have only three pairs of thoracic legs in the
adult stage and a limited number of segments.
Insectary: a place or building where insects are bred and studied.
Insectivorous: feeding upon or devouring insects.
Insectologist: a student of insects: = entomologist.
Insectology: the science of insect study: = entomology.
Insertion: the point or place where a part is inserted: a part that is
inserted: the act of inserting.
Insertus: a part that has its base set into another.
In situ: in its natural place or normal position.
Instar: the period or stage between molts in the larva, numbered to
designate the various periods; e.g. the first instar is the stage
between the egg and first molt, etc.: see stadium.
Institia: stria or furrows of equal width throughout.
Instrumenta cibaria: mouth parts of a mandibulate insect as a whole.
Instrumenta suctoria: mouth parts of a haustellate insect as a whole.
Integer: entire: applied to a margin without incisions.
Integument: the outer covering to the insect body.
Inter: between; among.
Inter-alar space: in Odonata; the terga of meson- and meta-thorax.
Interantennal: between the basal segments of antennae.
Inter-articular: the membranous tissue between joints or segments.
Intercalary -ies: additional or inserted between others; as a vein:
plural; added or supplementary longitudinal wing reins: see under
specific headings; i.e. anterior, etc.: in Ephemerides, certain
longitudinal veins between the 8th (anal) and 9th (1st maxillary) and
not branches of either: in Diptera, the anterior intercalary (Loew) = the
discoidal, and the posterior intercalary = the cubitus 1 of Comstock:
applied to an evanescent sclerite in the embryo between antenna and
mandible; also termed premandibular.
Intercostal: between veins or costae; usually in the narrow grooves
between veins in the costal region of a wing.
Intercostula: those small, vein-like structures between the normal
veins, visible on a wing margin but lost toward the disc.
Intercoxal process: in Coleopteran; a median protrusion of the basal
segment of abdomen between the hind coxae.
Intermediate: lying between others in position or possessing
characters between two other forms.
Intermediate field: of termini is = discoidal field q.v.
Internal area: in Hymenoptera; the posterior of the three areas
between median and lateral longitudinal carina on the metanotum
third lateral area.
Internal cell: in Hymenoptera (Pack.) 2d anal (Comst.).
Internal triangle: in Odonata see triangle.
Internal veins: in Lepidoptera, from one to three in number, run free
from base to outer margin near hind angle; never branched;1a to is
in the numerical series: = anal veins (Comst.).
Interneural: between the nerves (or veins) of wings.
Interno-mandibular: applied to one of the pairs of salivary glands in
bees, situated at the inner side of base of mandible.
Internomedian: in Orthoptera; = cubitus (Comst.); q.v.
Interocular: between the eyes.
Interplical: lying between folds; specifically applied to the alternate
ridges and grooves in anal area of secondaries of Orthoptera.
Interposed sectors: in Odonata; the shorter longitudinal veins
occurring in the wings of some species between the chief veins; =
supplementary sectors. Interrupted: broken in continuity, but with
the tips of the broken parts in a right line with each other.
Intersegmental: = interarticular; q.v.
Interspace: Coleopteran; the plane surface between elytral striae:
Lepidoptera spaces between wing veins not included in closed cells.
Interspaceal: occurring in the interspaces between two wing veins or
two elytral striae.
Interstice -tium: space between two lines, whether striate or punctate.
Interstitial line: the elevated ridge between two striae or series of
punctures.
Interval: the space or time between two structures, sculptures or
periods of development.
Interventricular: the inner valve between the chambers of the heart.
Interventricular valvule: of heart, lies in front of seluilunar valve.
Intervenular: in thespace between two veins.
Intestinal caecum: that point of the large intestine in front of the
junction with the small intestine.
Intestine: that part of the alimentary canal through which the food
passes from the stomach, in which absorption is completed and the
excretions are formed for expulsion.
Intima: the lining membrane of the trachea: see endotrachea.
Intorted: turned or twisted inwardly.
Intra-: within: between.
Intra-alar bristles: in Diptera; a row of two or three between the
supra-alar and dorso-central groups.
Intracellular: occurring within the cell or in a cell.
Infra-humeral bristles: in Diptera calyptrata; occur immediately in
front of the thoracic suture, between the humeral callus and the
presutural depression.
Infra-ocular: situated within the eye, actually or apparently.
Intra-pulmonary: that method of respiration which does not involve
movements of the outer body wall and is confined to the respiratory
organs.
Intrauterine: applied to development, when the young hatch within
the vagina of the mother.
Intricate: irregular: confused; applied to markings and sculpture.
Intromittent: used for throwing within.
Intromittent organ: the penis; q.v.
Introse -um: directed inward, toward the body.
Intrusus: seemingly impressed with a sharp point.
Intumescent: enlarged; swollen: expanded.
Invaginate: when a tubular or vesicular part is turned inward or
retracted within the body wall.
Invagination: a pouch or sac formed by an infolding or indrawing of
the outer surface.
Investitus: unclothed: a surface without scales or hair.
Involucrate: = involute.
Involucrum alarum in Dermaptera a flap of the metanotum.
Involute: spirally rolled inwardly.
Involuti: butterflies whose larvae live in a folded leaf; Hesperidae.
Iridescent: a surface which reflects the prismatic hues.
Iridicolor: any color so broken up as to reflect the prismatic hues.
Iris: the circle which, in an ocellate spot surrounds the pupil.
Irised: with rainbow colors.
Iris-pigment: = iris tapetum.
Iris tapetum: the pigment layer of the compound eye just below the
crystalline cone.
Irregular: unequal, curved, bent or otherwise twisted or modified
without order or symmetry, e.g. certain antennae.
Irrorate: marked with minute points; freckled.
Isabelline -us: pale yellow with some red and brown [chronic lemon
with a little carmine and roman sepia].
Ischia: = pleura; q.v.
Iso-: equal.
Isolate: to separate out from others; occurring alone.
Isomers: that series of Coleoptera in which the tarsi have an equal
number of joints on all feet.
Isomerous: with equal number of tarsal joints on all
feet := homoeomerous.
Isomorphous: having the same form, appearance or construction.
Isopalpi: that series of Trichoptera in which the palpi of both sexes
have the same number of joints.
Isoptera: equal winged: an ordinal term for insects with four, similar,
net-veined wings; mouth mandibulate; thoracic rings similar, loosely
jointed metamorphosis incomplete: the Termitidae. {Scanner's note: In
modern nomenclature the Isoptera constitute the order of all termites;
the Termitidae are just one family within the Isoptera.}
Isotypical: a genus described from more than one species, all of which
are congeneric.
-itus: = -atus; q.v.
-ius: suffix; having the power or ability to.
J
Jabot: the crop; q.v.
Janthine: violet colored.
Jaw-capsule: contains the mouth structures in those dipterous larvae
in which the head is differentiated.
Johnston's organ: a complex nervous structure in the basal joint of
dipterous antennae.
Joint: a segment or part between two incisures: an articulation.
Jubate -us: fringed with long pendent hairs.
Juga: the lateral anterior lobes of the head of a Heteropteron; each
side of the tylo.
Jugatae: that series of Lepidoptera in which there is a jugum instead
of a frenulum to unite the wings in flight.
Jugular: of or pertaining to the throat.
Jugular sclerite: small sclerite in the membrane connecting the head
with the thorax: see cervical sclerite.
Jugulum: that sclerite just behind the sub-mentum; =gula: that cavity
of the posterior part of the head to which the neck is annexed: the
lateral and under parts of the prothorax.
Jugum: in certain Lepidoptera and Trichoptera, a lobe or process at
the base of primaries, overlapping secondaries and holding the two
together in flight.
K
Katabolic: the destructive change from animal tissue to waste product:
see anabolic.
Keel: an elevated ridge or carina.
Kermesinus: dark red, with much blue [purple lake].
Key: a tabular or other arrangement of species, genera or other
classification according to characters that serve to identify them.
Kidney-shaped: like a kidney in outline; convex on one long side,
concave on the other, the ends evenly and somewhat obtusely
rounded: bean-shaped.
Knee: the point of junction of femur and tibia.
L
Labellum -a: the sensitive ridged tip of the mouth structures of certain
Diptera: a prolongation of the labium covering the base of rostrum in
Coleoptera and Hemiptera.
Labial: referring, pertaining or belonging to the labium.
Labial segment: the 7th segment of head = second maxillary segment.
Labial suture: is between labium and mentum.
Labiate: lip-like or having lip-like sutures.
Labipalp: a labial palpus.
Labis: the slender abdominal forceps in some Lepidoptera.
Labium: the lower lip: a compound structure which forms the floor of
the mouth in mandibulate insects, behind the first maxilla and
opposed to the labium; formed by a fusion in embryonic life of
separate right and left maxilla-like halves: in some of its
developments referred to as the tongue.
Labral suture: is between labrum and clypeus.
Labro-frontal lobes: of brain, = trito-cerebrum; q.v.
Labrum: the upper lip; covers the base of the mandible and forms the
roof of the mouth.
Labrum-epipharynx: in the mouth of piercing Diptera is the central
unpaired lancet.
Lac: a mixture of resin, wax and other substances produced by certain
scale insects as a protective covering.
Lacer: a lappet; applied to a margin with irregular, broad and deep
emarginations, leaving lappet-like intervals.
Lacerated: ragged; torn in appearance; see lacer.
Lacinia: the inner lobe of first maxilla, articulated to the stipes,
bearing brushes of hair or spines: a blade: in Diptera, forms a flat
lancet-like piercing structure and is never jointed.
Lacinia exteriores and interiores: in Apidae, the palpiger and
paraglossa often used for the gales and lacinia of maxilla.
Laciniated: jagged; cut into irregular fragments.
Lacte: milk-white.
Lacteal: relating to milk; milky in appearance.
Lactescent: secreting or yielding a milky fluid.
Lacteous -eus: white, with a slight bluish tinge, like skim-milk.
Lacunae: irregular impressions or cavities: specifically the non-walled
cavities of the body.
Lacunose: pitted; the surface covered with small cavities.
Laemodipodiform: like a laemodipod; similar to the larva of a walking
stick.
Laete: bright.
Laevis -igatus: smooth, shining and without elevations: said of a
surface.