S
Sachsse and Becker, method for iron, 401–403
Salts, preparation for absorption, 130
Samples for moisture, 74
permeability, 74
staple crops, 75
preparation, 454
for elutriation, 229
Sampling, general directions, 66
method of Caldwell, 71
German experiment stations, 69
Grandeau, 77
Hilgard, 67
Lawes, 80
Official Agricultural Chemists, 79
French Commission, 69, 80
Peligot, 72
Richards, 69
Royal Agricultural Society, 76
Wahnschaffe, 72, 81
Whitney, 68, 73
Wolff, 81
Sandstone, 35
Schaeffer and Deventer, method for nitrous acid, 567
Schloesing method, comparison with Beaker, 241
DeKonick’s modification, 514–516
for nitric acid, 500
French modification, 500–505
of collecting soil gases, 291
silt analysis, 200
Schmidt’s process, 516
Schulze-Tiemann modification, 510–514
Spiegel’s modification, 509
Warington’s modification, 505–508
Schmidt’s method for nitric acid, 539
Schöne’s elutriator, 212
Schulze-Tiemann method, 510–514
Sea-weeds, analysis, 13
Sedimentary rocks, classification, 35
Sediments, separation of fine, 233
weighing, 235
Seeding, method employed, 475
Selective absorption of soils, 122
Separation of silt particles, 272
Shaler, phosphatic limestones, 12
Sieve analysis, classification, 185
German experiment stations, 183
separation, 182
Sievert’s method for nitric acid, 536
Sifting with water, 183
Silica, 4
direct estimation, 424
estimation, 356, 361, 365
Silt analyses, value, 279
analysis, Belgian method, 204
classification of results, 235, 236
interpretation, 251
Italian method, 195, 206
method of Hilgard, 225
Osborne, 196
Schöne, 212–220
methods, 185
Moore’s modification, 192
Schloesing’s method, 200
statement of results, 194
subsidence of soil particles, 186–188
Wolff’s method, 192
classes, illustrations, 258
particles, color and transparency, 278
examination, with polarized light, 261
forms and dimensions, 257
microchemical examination, 262–266
petrographic examination, 266
separation by specific gravity, 268–277
staining, 261
percentage in soils, 249
separates, microscopic examination, 256
Mineralogical examination, 254–278
Siphon silt cylinder, 190
Soda, estimation, 355, 358, 361, 365, 374, 384
Sodium, 22
amalgam process, 537–539
microchemical examination, 263
Soil absorption, importance, 124
method of determining, 125
analyses, special methods, 367–428
definition, 1
extracts, method of preparing, 158
gases, 149, 150
heat, sources, 102
ingredients, distribution, 247
moisture, 132
particles, number, 251–253
standard sizes, 181
surface area, 253
samples, air drying, 88
preliminary examination, 87–93
treatment in laboratory, 87
sampling, general principles, 65
solutions, analyses, 352–367
temperatures, method of determining, 111
thermometry, 111–116
Soils, absorptive power, 117–131
and subsoils, 62, 63
as a mass, 95
carbon dioxid, 293
chemical elements, 2
classification; according to deposition, 52
cohesion and adhesion, 116, 117
color, 95
compact, 90
composition, relation to gases, 282
conductivity for heat, 115
deficient in carbonates, 340
digestion with solvents, 343–352
estimation of carbonates, 337
loose, 89
mechanical analysis, 171–179
method of estimating absorption of heat, 115
nitrifying power, 467
origin, 1, 43
preliminary treatment, 87–93
qualities, 52–53
reaction, 303
selective absorption, 122
specific gravity, 98
determination, 99
unusual constituents, 591–593
volume, 100
weight of one hectare, 102
Solar heat, absorption, 103
Specific gravity, 30
of soils, 98–110
apparent, 101
determination of apparent, 101
heat of soils, 102
determination, 104–110
variations, 110
Spencer, photomicrographs, 259
Squanto, manurial value of fish, 14
Staining organisms, method, 487
silt particles, 261
Stassfurt potash salts, 20
Sterilization, 489
by heat, 490
high pressure steam, 492
Sterilized soil, nitrification, 487, 488
Sterilizing apparatus, 490, 493
oven, 491
Stockbridge, composition of humus, 61
soil moisture, 132
Strontium, microchemical examination, 265
Stutzer’s method for nitric acid, 537
Subcultures, method, 479
Subsidence, physical explanation, 180
Sulfanilic acid, preparation, 562
reagent for nitrous acid, 560
Sulfur, 51
state of existence in soils, 419
Sulfuric acid, estimation, 355, 358, 361
French method, 419
Italian method, 422
method of Berthelot and André, 419
Von Bemmelén, 420–422
Wolff, 422
Surface area, influence on absorption, 123
particles, effect of potential, 172
tension, influence, 174
method of estimating, 157
of fertilizers, 156
T
Thenard, humic acid, 62
Thermometry, general principles of soil, 111
Thermostats, 494
Thoulet’s solution, 268
U
Ulmic acid, 61
Ulsch’s method for nitric acid, 539
V
Von Bemmelén, determination of water, 310
method of humus estimation, 332
Vegetable life, action, 48
soils, 58–60
Volatile matter, estimation, 455
W
Wahnschaffe, preliminary treatment of samples, 91
Warington, absorption of potash and ammonia, 120
and Peake, oxidation of carbon, 316
experiments in nitrification, 468–470, 485–488
indigo method, 528–531
Schloesing method, 505–508
Water absorption by soils, determination, 136–143
capacity of soils, effect of pressure, 143
determination at 110°, 306
general conclusions, 313
estimation after air drying, 305
in water-free atmosphere, 149
in fresh samples, 304
soils, determination, 303–314
movement, causes, 155
in soils, 151–169
methods, 151
relative flow, 159
residual amount, dried at 110°, 308
solvent, action, 47
for soils, 343
special examination, 576–583
total solid matter, 576
Way, absorptive power of soils, 118, 120
Weight of soil, 102
Welitschowsky, measurement of percolation, 161–163
Wheeler and Hartwell, analysis of sea-weeds, 13
Whitney and Marvin, method of determining soil temperatures, 112–115
causes of water movement, 155
determination of interstitial space, 134
effect of potential, 172
influence of surface area on absorption, 123
measurement of percolation, 163
relative flow of water, 159
surface tension of fertilizers, 156
theory of subsidence, 180
Williams, machine for mineral sections, 267
-Warington method for nitric acid, 540, 541
Winogradsky, experiments in nitrification, 471–483
Wolff and Wahnschaffe, method of determination of water absorption, 136
determination of coefficient of evaporation, 148
method for silt analysis, 192
preliminary treatment of soil samples, 88
Wollny, determination of water absorption, 142
occurrence of carbon dioxid, 282
Wülfing’s apparatus, 277
Wyatt, phosphate deposits, 8
X
Xylic acid, 62
Z
Zinc, estimation, 592
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TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES
1. Silently corrected palpable typographical errors; retained
non-standard spellings and dialect.
2. Corrected the items listed on p. viii.
3. Reindexed chapter footnotes using numbers and table footnotes using
letters.
4. Enclosed italics font in _underscores_.
5. Enclosed bold or blackletter font in =equals=.
6. Denoted superscripts by a caret before a single superscript
character or a series of superscripted characters enclosed in
curly braces, e.g. M^r. or M^{ister}.
7. Denoted subscripts by an underscore before a series of subscripted
characters enclosed in curly braces, e.g. H₂O.