Abdul Hamid II, misgovernment, 32.
Adrianople, capture by Murad I, 4; left to Turkey, 9, 25; holds out
against Bulgaria, 56; _sine qua non_ at Peace Conference, 57; captured,
57; question of retention of, 58; reoccupied by Turkish army, 109;
ceded back to Turkey, 111.
Adriatic, question of supremacy over, 68.
Aegean Islands, Greece takes, 52; left to decision of Powers, 59; given
to Greece, 122.
Albania, Montenegrins, 53; to be left to Powers, 59; cause of friction,
67; problem of, 118; given a ruler, 120; danger-point of the Balkans,
129; northern tribes oppose absorption by Montenegro, 130; future of,
131.
Alexander, Prince, of Bulgaria, 27.
Area, see under countries.
Asen brothers, free Bulgaria, 10.
Athens, recaptured, 22.
Austria, discusses division of Turkey, 7; given Bosnia and Herzegovina,
27; intervenes in Macedonia, 33; demands independent Albania, 67, 118;
opposes Servia, 68; dislikes Slav hegemony, 97; interests in Balkans,
127.
Balkan Alliance, see Balkan states.
Balkan states, quarrel, 11; peninsula under Moslems, 13; massacres in,
25; large part of peninsula lost to Turkey, 27; dissensions among, 60;
alliance, 34; rival ambitions among, 64; treaty restrictions, 72;
causes of war between, 75; previous fighting between, 108; make peace,
110; future, 126.
Balkan wars, cause of first war, 30; cause of second war, 64; division
of fighting, 54; cost, 125. (For progress, see under countries.)
Basil II, conquers Bulgaria, 10.
Belgrade, conquered by Dushan, 12.
Berane, massacre at, 36.
Berlin, Treaty of, 21; Congress of, 78.
Blockade, Greek, of Turkey, 51.
Boris, accepts Christianity, 9.
Bosnia, conquered by Dushan, 12; delegated to Austria, 27.
Bosphorus, Turks on, 3.
Brusa, surrendered, 3.
Bukarest, see Treaty of, and Peace Conference.
Bulgaria, independent, 8; suffers most, 8; church, progress, area, 9;
under Moslem despotism, 11; ravaged by Turks, decline, 14; educational
movement, 23; exarchate established, 24; revolt against Turkey, 25;
"Big Bulgaria," 25; proclaimed independent, 26; astounding progress,
27; area and population, 29; declares war against Turkey, 34; alliance
with Greece, 35; with Servia, 35; decide to mobilize, 36; enters
Thrace, 54; success at Kirk Kilisse, Lule Burgas, and Chorlu, 55;
capture Adrianople, 57; disagreement with Servia, 65; rivalry with
Greece, 65; as to division of Macedonia, 72; demands that Servia
observe treaty, 76; claims of, 77; exarchate in Macedonia, 81; alleged
majority in Macedonia, 88; jingoism in, 96; position of, as to
arbitration of Czar, 99; uncompromising policy, 101; her mistake, 102;
opens war, 107; defeat by Allies, 109; makes peace, 110; present
attitude, 127.
Byron, Lord, volunteer in Greece, 21.
Byzantine Empire, falling before Turks, 4; annihilates Bulgaria under
Samuel, 10.
Chataldja, now border of Turkey, 8; Bulgarians at, 55.
Chorlu, Bulgarians victorious at, 55.
Christians, defeated by Moslems, 5; races quarrel, 11; In Macedonia,
31; oppressed, 13.
Constantine, King, 20; as Crown Prince, commanding general, 48;
success, 50; captures Janina, 57; ability and achievements, 124.
Constantinople, seat of Byzantine Empire, 4; captured by Mohammed II,
5; left to Turkey, 8; Russia at gates of, 25.
Crete, question of, 42; captured by Venetians, 43; present condition,
43, 44; becomes autonomous, 44; elects members to Greek parliament, 45;
process of annexation to Greece, 45, 124; Turkish sovereignty
withdrawn, 59.
Czar, arbiter of Treaty of Partition, 95; summons Servia and Bulgaria
to submit their disputes, 97.
Daneff, Dr., prime minister of Bulgaria, 98; tries to stop war, 107;
rejects Roumanian claim, 112; resigns, 109.
Dushan, Stephen, rules Servia, 12.
Eastern Roumelia, see Roumelia.
Elassona, Greeks win at, 50.
England, fleet at Navarino, 22; joins Russia to reform Macedonia, 33;
influence, 127.
Enver Bey, heads Young Turk revolt, 58.
"Eothen," does not mention Bulgaria, 15.
Epinus holds out, 56; Greeks of, resist incorporation in Albania, 129.
European, aid for Greece, 21.
Evans, Sir Arthur, excavations in Crete, 43.
Exarchate, Bulgarian, 19; Sultan's firman, 24; in Macedonia, 81.
Ferdinand, Prince, of Bulgaria, 27; King, 55, 108.
France, fleet at Navarino, 22; influence, 127.
Gabrovo, school of, 23.
Gallipoli, entry of Turks into, 4.
George, King of Greece, assassinated, 22; experienced ruler, 36;
Prince, Commissioner of Crete, 44.
Germany, influence, 127.
Gibbon, quoted as to Czar Simeon, 9.
Gladstone, denunciation of Turkish atrocities, 25.
Great Britain, see England.
Greece, becomes independent, 7; ecclesiastical domination of Slavs, 16;
Greek millet, 17; ascendancy in Bulgaria, 18; influence in Turkish
Empire, 19; war of independence, 21; Powers make her independent, 22;
boundaries, 28; area and population, 29; causes of war with Turkey, 32;
declares war, 34; alliance with Bulgaria, 35; reorganizes army, 37;
near alliance with Turkey, 40; Cretan question, 42; mobilization, 48;
enters Macedonia, 49; conquers at Sarandaporon, Serfidje, Elassona,
Veria, and Jenitsa, 50; blockades Turkey, 51; captures Janina, 57;
rivalry with Bulgaria, 65; favors Servian egress to Aegean, 71;
question of division of Macedonia, 74; propaganda in Macedonia, 83;
position of division of territory, 104; conciliatory methods, 105;
alliance against Bulgaria, 108; treaty of peace and extension of
territory, 110; annexation of Crete, 124; attitude toward Italy, 128.
Gueshoff, agrees to conference of Allies, 95; statesman, 96; resigns,
97.
Hellenism, cause of, 36.
Hellespont, Turks cross, 4.
Herzegovina, conquered by Stephen Nemanyo, 11; delegated to Austria, 27.
"Internal Organization" in Macedonia, 32.
Ipek, Archbishop of, 12.
Islam, millet of, 16.
Ismail Kemal Bey on Albania's future, 130.
Italy holds Rhodes, 52; demands independent Albania, 67, 118; desires
control of Adriatic, 69; protests against Greece at Corfu, 120.
Janina, holds out, 56; falls, 57.
Janissaries, 13; revolt, 14.
Jenitsa, Turks defeated at, 50.
Kara-George, leads Servians, 20; dynasty, 21.
Kiamil Pasha, Grand Vizier, 48; driven out, 58.
Kilkis, battle of, 109.
Kirk Kilisse, Bulgarian victory, 55.
Kossovo, field of, 4; avenged, 53.
Kochana, massacre at, 36.
Kumanovo, Servians defeat Turks at, 53.
Lazar, the Serb, 4.
Literary revival in Bulgaria, 23.
London, see Treaty of, and Peace Conference.
Lule Burgas, Bulgarian victory, 55.
Macedonia, ruled by Murad I, 4; cause of first Balkan war, 30; question
of its division, 72; racial problem, 79, 89; religion in, 81; alleged
Bulgarian majority in, 88; claims to central portion of, 89.
Mahmud Shevket Pasha, Grand Vizier, 58.
Massacre, in 1876, 25; at Kochana and Berane, 36; inflames Slavs, 47.
Mehemet Ali, fights against Greece, 22.
Meluna Pass, Greeks enter, 49.
Millet, a Turkish term, 16.
Mohammed II, conquers Constantinople, 5.
Mohammedan, intolerance, 8; Balkan peninsula under, 13; incapacity, 31.
Monastir, captured by Serbs, 53.
Montenegro, remembers Kossovo, 5; conquered by Nemanyo, 11; independent
by Treaty of Berlin, 27; area and population, 29; declares war against
Turkey, 34; fires first shot of war, 53; captures Scutari, 57; work and
reward, 116; inclination toward Servia, 118.
Moslem, see Mohammedan.
Murad I, captures Adrianople, 4.
Navarino, Battle of, 22.
Nazim Pasha, murdered, 58.
Near Eastern Question, Macedonia, 30.
Nemanyo, Stephen, unites Servia, 11.
Nicaea, surrender of, 3.
Nicholas, King of Montenegro, 53; Homeric Father, 118.
Nigrita, Greeks and Bulgarians fight at, 66.
Novi-Bazar, Montenegrins in, 53.
Obrenovich, Milosh, leads Servians, 20; dynasty, 21.
Ochrida, location, 9; given bishop, 81; religious division, 88.
Orkhan, Brusa surrenders to, 3.
Otto, of Bavaria, becomes King of Greece, 22.
Ottoman Empire, see Turkey.
Pashitch, demands revision of treaty, 95.
Patriarch, Greek, of Constantinople, 17.
Patriarchate restricted, 19, 24.
Peace Conference, at London, 57; at Bukarest, 110.
Peace, terms of, with Turkey, 59; between Allies, 110.
Peter, King, 21.
Phanariots, Turkish term, 19.
Pomaks, become Moslem, 14.
Population, see under countries.
Porte, see Turkey.
Powers, intervene in Greece, 22; recognize Bulgarian independence, 26;
views of Balkan success, 55; meet at London, 57; lack of success, 57;
insist on peace, 58; give Silistria to Roumania, 112; in Albania, 119.
Prilip, Serbs capture, 53.
Racial, division, 30; sympathies, 31; problem in Macedonia, 79;
fallacies in Macedonia, 84; characteristics, 89; in Albania, 121.
Religion, Turks divide subjects by, 16; contest in Bulgaria, 24; in
Crete, 43, 44; in Macedonia, 81; in Albania, 121.
Roumania, becomes independent, 7; by Treaty of Berlin, 27; convention
with Greece and Servia, 109; seizes Silistria, 109; at Treaty of
Bukarest, 112; justification, 113; attitude toward Triple Alliance, 127.
Roumelia, Eastern, union with Bulgaria, 26; annexation, 78.
Russia, discusses the division of Turkey, 7; fleet at Navarino, 22;
declares war against Turkey, 25; intervention in Macedonia, 33; rivalry
with Austria, 98; interest in Balkans, 127.
St. Petersburg, conference of allies at, 95.
Saloniki, left to Turkey, 9; conquered by Greeks, 51; desirability, 70.
Samuel, reigns in Bulgaria, 10.
San Stefano, Treaty of, 25; destroyed by Powers, 26.
Sarandaporon, Turks driven from, 50.
Savoff, General, orders attacks on Servians and Greeks, 107.
Scutari holds out, 56; falls, 57; to Albania, 119.
Serbs, see Servia.
Serfidje, Greeks capture, 50.
Servia, remembers Kossovo, 5; independent, 7; conquers Bulgaria, under
Asen, 10; become Christian, launch a dynasty, 11; decline, 14; throws
off Turkish yoke, 20; independence by Treaty of Berlin, 27; area and
population, 29; bands in Macedonia, 32; declares war against Turkey,
34; alliance with Bulgaria, 35; decide to mobilize, 36; enter
Macedonia, 53; victorious, at Kumanovo, Prilip, and Monastir, 53;
differences with Bulgaria, 64; desire to reach Adriatic, 68; recoils to
Aegean, 70; question of division of Macedonia, 72; propaganda in
Macedonia, 82; attitude of, 92; jingoism in, 96; position of, 100;
alliance against Bulgaria, 108; her enlargement of territory under the
Treaty of Bukarest, 110; affiliations with Russia, 127.
Shishman, Czar, dies, 11.
Silistria, taken by Roumania, 109; awarded by Powers, 113.
Slavs, unsubdued, 4; all under Moslems, 13; hostility to Greeks, 18;
indignation against Turkey, 47; racial characteristics in Macedonia, 89.
Suleyman the Magnificent, 5.
Thrace, ruled by Murad I, 4; location, 54; entered by Bulgarians, 54.
Treaty of Berlin, recognizes Servian independence, etc., 21; of
Bukarest, 110; of London, short lived, 58; eliminates Turkey, 63; of
Partition, between Servia and Bulgaria, 64; of San Stefano, created
"Big Bulgaria," 25; torn up by Powers, 26.
Triple Alliance, influence, 127.
Triple Entente, influence, 127.
Trnovo capital of Bulgaria, 10; burned, 11.
Tsaribrod, interview at, 95.
Turkey, empire in Europe, 3; armies go to Danube, 4; becomes central
European power, 5; treatment of subjects, 6; decline and division, 7;
driven from Europe, 8; oppression, 13; troops ravage Bulgaria, 14;
reconquers Greece, 22; European, how divided, 28; area and population,
29; frustrates Treaty of Berlin, 32; war against by Balkans, 34;
blockaded by Greece, 51; at mercy of Allies, 56; at Peace Conference,
57; accepts peace, 57; driven from Europe, 59; reoccupies Adrianople,
109; final boundary of Turkey in Europe, 111; no longer European power,
125; Asiatic, next danger-point, 129.
Uskub, Dushan crowned at, 12; given Bishop, 81.
Venizelos, Prime Minister of Greece, 37; criticism of and defense, 40;
his predicament, 46; suggests conference of Allies, 95; conciliatory
position, 104.
Veria, Greeks enter, 50.
Vienna, Suleyman at gates of, 5; siege of, 14.
Vilayet, Turkish term, 28.
Vlachs, in Macedonia, 114.
William, of Wied, King of Albania, 120.
Young Turks, rule, 33; reject proposals of Venizelos, 47; forced out,
48; depose Kiamil Pasha, 58.
Zaimis, succeeds Prince George in Crete, 45.