only, preceded by the Table of Chapter-headings. Parchment and paper,
ff. 158 originally, with other leaves inserted at the beginning and
end in the sixteenth century; about 10½ x 7¼ in., in quires of eight
with catchwords; neat writing of the second quarter of the fifteenth
century, about 37 lines to the page. No decoration except red and
blue initials, numbering of chapters in red, &c. The rubricator has
introduced some corrections here and there, but there are no passages
rewritten over erasure. There is some transposition of leaves in the
fourteenth quire, dating from before the rubricator’s numbering of
chapters. The name of a sixteenth-century owner, Roger Waller, occurs
on f. 158 v^o. and Kenelm Digby’s device, ‘Vindica te tibi, Kenelme
Digby,’ on f. 1.
The text of D is of a mixed character. Sometimes, in company with
TH₂ it reproduces the original form of a passage, as i. 1029
ff., vi. cap. xviii and xix, vii. 189 f., 1409 ff., 1454 ff.,
1479 ff. In other places, as iii. 1 ff., vi. 545, and elsewhere,
the readings of D are those of the revised MSS. It is peculiar
in the addition after vi. 522, where eight lines are introduced
from the original text of the altered passage which follows at
the end of the chapter. The text of D generally is much less
correct than that of the older copies, and it is derived from a
MS. which had lines missing here and there, as indicated by the
‘deficit versus in copia,’ which occurs sometimes in the margin.
In the numbering of the chapters the Prologues of Libb. ii. and
iii. are reckoned as cap. i. in each case. The corrections and
notes of the rubricator are not always sound, and sometimes we
find in the margin attempts to improve the author’s metre, in a
seventeenth-century hand, as ‘Et qui pauca tenet’ for ‘Qui tenet
et pauca’ (ii. 70), ‘Causa tamen credo’ for ‘Credo tamen causa’
(ii. 84). Some of these late alterations have been admitted
(strange to say) into Mr. Coxe’s text (e.g. ii. 70).
The book is made up of parchment and paper in equal proportions,
the outer and inner leaves of each quire being of parchment.
Sixteen leaves of paper have been inserted at the beginning
and twelve at the end of the book, easily distinguished by
the water-mark and chain-lines from the paper originally used
in the book itself. Most of these are blank, but some have
writing, mostly in sixteenth-century hands. There are medical
prescriptions and cooking recipes in English, selections of
gnomic and other passages from the _Vox Clamantis_, among which
are the lines ‘Ad mundum mitto,’ &c., which do not occur in the
Digby text, four Latin lines on the merits of the papal court
beginning ‘Pauperibus sua dat gratis,’ which when read backwards
convey an opposite sense, the stanzas by Queen Elizabeth ‘The
dowte of future force (_corr._ foes) Exiles my presente ioye, And
wytt me warnes to shonne suche snares As threten myne annoye’
(eight four-line stanzas).
With regard to the connexion between D and L see below on the
Laud MS.
L. LAUD 719, Bodleian Library, Oxford. Contains _Vox Clamantis_
(without Table of Chapters and with omission of Lib. i. 165-2150),
_Carmen super multiplici Viciorum Pestilencia_, _Tractatus de Lucis
Scrutinio_, _Carmen de variis in amore passionibus_, ‘Lex docet
auctorum,’ ‘Quis sit vel qualis,’ ‘H. aquile pullus,’ and seven more
Latin lines of obscure meaning (‘Inter saxosum montem,’ &c.), which
are not found in other Gower MSS. Parchment and paper, ff. 170 (not
including four original blank leaves at the beginning and several
miscellaneous leaves at the end), in quires usually of fourteen leaves,
but the first of twelve and the second of six, measuring about 8½ x 5¾
in., about 27 lines to the page, moderately well written with a good
many contractions, in the same hand throughout with no corrections, of
the second quarter of the fifteenth century. There is a roughly drawn
picture of an archer aiming at the globe on f. 21, and the chapters
have red initial letters. Original oak binding.
The names ‘Thomas Eymis’ and ‘William Turner’ occur as those of
sixteenth-century owners. The note on the inside of the binding, ‘Henry
Beauchamp lyeing in St. John strete at the iii. Cuppes,’ can hardly be
taken to indicate ownership.
The most noticeable fact about the text of this MS. is one to
which no attention has hitherto been called, viz. the omission
of the whole history of the Peasants’ Revolt. After Lib. i. cap.
i. the whole of the remainder of the first book (nearly 2,000
lines) is omitted without any note of deficiency, and we pass on
to the Prologue of Lib. ii, not so named here, but standing as
the second chapter of Lib. i. (the chapters not being numbered
however in this MS.). After what we commonly call the second book
follows the heading of the Prologue of Lib. iii, but without any
indication that a new book is begun. Lib. iv. is marked by the
rubricator as ‘liber iii^{us},’ Lib. v. as ‘liber iiii^{us},’ and
so on to the end, making six books instead of seven; but there
are traces of another numbering, apparently by the scribe who
wrote the text, according to which Lib. v. was reckoned as ‘liber
iii^{us},’ Lib. iv. as ‘liber iiii^{us},’ and Lib. vii. as ‘liber
v^{us}.’ It has been already observed that there is internal
evidence to show that this arrangement in five (or six) books may
have been the original form of the text of the _Vox Clamantis_.
At the same time it must be noted that this form is given by no
other MS. except the Lincoln book, which is certainly copied from
L, and that the nature of the connexion between L and D seems
to indicate that these two MSS. are ultimately derived from the
same source. This connexion, established by a complete collation
of the two MSS., extends apparently throughout the whole of the
text of L. We have, for example, in both, i. Prol. 27, laudes,
58 Huius ergo, ii. 94 et ibi, 312 causat, 614 Ingenuitque, iii.
4 mundus, 296 ei, 407 amor (_for_ maior), 536 Hec, 750 timidus,
758 curremus, 882 iuris, 1026 Nil, 1223 mundus, 1228 bona, 1491
egras, 1584 racio, 1655 Inde vola, 1777 ibi, 1868 timet, 1906
seruet, 2075, 2080 qui, iv. 52 vrbe, 99 tegit, and so on. The
common source was not an immediate one, for words omitted by D
with a blank or ‘deficit’ as iii. 641, vii. 487 are found in L,
and the words ‘nescit,’ ‘deus,’ which are omitted with a blank
left in L at iii. 1574 and vi. 349 are found in D. If we suppose
a common source, we must assume either that the first book was
found in it entire and deliberately omitted, with alteration of
the numbering of the books, by the copyist of the MS. from which
L is more immediately derived, or that it was not found, and that
the copyist of the original of D supplied it from another source.
It should be noted that the MS. from which L is ultimately
derived must have had alternative versions of some of the revised
passages, for in vi. cap. xviii. and also vi. l. 1208 L gives
both the revised and the unrevised form. As a rule in the matter
of revision L agrees with D, but not in the corrections of vi.
1208-1226, where D has the uncorrected form and L the other. We
may note especially the reading of L in vi. 1224.
The following are the Latin lines which occur on f. 170 after
‘[H.] Aquile pullus,’ &c.
‘Inter saxosum montem campumque nodosum
Periit Anglica gens fraude sua propria.
Homo dicitur, Cristus, virgo, Sathan, non iniustus fragilisque,
Est peccator homo simpliciterque notat.
Vlcio, mandatum, cetus, tutela, potestas,
Pars incarnatus, presencia, vis memorandi,
Ista manus seruat infallax voce sub vna.’
The second of the parchment blanks at the beginning has a note
in the original hand of the MS. on the marriage of the devil and
the birth of his nine daughters, who were assigned to various
classes of human society, Simony to the prelates, Hypocrisy to
the religious orders, and so on. At the end of the book there are
two leaves with theological and other notes in the same hand, and
two cut for purposes of binding from leaves of an older MS. of
Latin hymns, &c. with music.
L₂. LINCOLN CATHEDRAL LIBRARY, A. 72, very obligingly placed at my
disposal in the Bodleian by the Librarian, with authority from the Dean
and Chapter. Contains the same as L, including the enigmatical lines
above quoted. Paper, ff. 184, measuring about 8 x 6 in. neatly written
in an early sixteenth-century hand, about 26 lines to the page. No
coloured initials, but space left for them and on f. 21 for a picture
corresponding to that on f. 21 of the Laud MS. Neither books nor
chapters numbered. Marked in pencil as ‘one of Dean Honywood’s, No. 53.’
Certainly copied from L, giving a precisely similar form of text
and agreeing almost always in the minutest details.
T. TRINITY COLLEGE, DUBLIN, D. 4, 6, kindly sent to the Bodleian for my
use by the Librarian, with the authority of the Provost and Fellows.
Contains _Vox Clamantis_ without Table of Chapters, followed by the
account of the author’s books, ‘Quia vnusquisque,’ &c. Parchment, ff.
144 (two blank) in seventeen quires, usually of eight leaves, but the
first and sixteenth of ten and the last of twelve; written in an early
fifteenth-century hand, 36-39 lines to the page, no passages erased or
rewritten. Coloured initials.
This, in agreement with the Hatfield book (H₂), gives the
original form of all the passages which were revised or
rewritten. It is apparently a careless copy of a good text, with
many mistakes, some of which are corrected. The scribe either
did not understand what he was writing or did not attend to the
meaning, and a good many lines and couplets have been carelessly
dropped out, as i. 873, 1360, 1749, 1800, ii. Prol. 24 f., ii.
561 f., iii. 281, 394 f., 943 f., 1154, 1767-1770, 1830, iv. 516
f., 684, v. 142-145, 528-530, vi. 829 f., vii. 688 f., 1099 f.
The blank leaf at the beginning, which is partly cut away, has in
an early hand the lines
‘In Kent alle car by gan, ibi pauci sunt sapientes,
In a Route thise Rebaudis ran sua trepida arma gerentes,’
for which cp. Wright’s _Political Poems_, Rolls Series, 14, vol.
i. p. 225.
H₂. HATFIELD HALL, in the possession of the Marquess of Salisbury, by
whose kind permission I was allowed to examine it. Contains the _Vox
Clamantis_, preceded by the Table of Chapters. Parchment, ff. 144 (not
counting blanks), about 9½ x 6¼ in., in eighteen quires of eight with
catchwords; neatly written in a hand of the first half of the fifteenth
century, 40 lines to the page. There is a richly illuminated border
round three sides of the page where the Prologue of the _Vox Clamantis_
begins, and also on the next, at the beginning of the first book,
and floreated decorations at the beginning of each succeeding book,
with illuminated capitals throughout. The catchwords are sometimes
ornamented with neat drawings.
The book has a certain additional interest derived from the fact that
it belonged to the celebrated Lord Burleigh, and was evidently read by
him with some interest, as is indicated by various notes.
This MS., of which the text is fairly correct, is written in
one hand throughout, and with T it represents, so far as we can
judge, the original form of the text in all the revised passages.
In some few cases, as iv. 1073, v. 450, H₂ seems to give the
original reading, where T agrees with the revised MSS.
On the last leaf we find an interesting note about the decoration
of the book and the parchment used, written small in red below
the ‘Explicit,’ which I read as follows: ‘100 and li. 51 blew
letteris, 4 co. smale letteris and more, gold letteris 8: 18
quayers. price velom v s. vi d.’ There are in fact about 150 of
the larger blue initials with red lines round them, the smaller
letters, of which I understand the account reckons 400 and
more, being those at the beginning of paragraphs, blue and red
alternately. The eight gold letters are those at the beginning of
the first prologue and the seven books.
The following notes are in the hand of Lord Burleigh, as I am
informed by Mr. R. T. Gunton: ‘Vox Clamantis’ on the first page,
‘nomine Authoris’ and ‘Anno 4 Regis Ricardi’ in the margin of the
prologue to the first book, ‘Thomas arch., Simon arch.,’ opposite
i. 1055 f., ‘Amoris effectus’ near the beginning of Lib. v, ‘Laus
Edw. princ. patris Ricardi 2’ at Lib. vi. cap. xiii, and a few
more.
C₂. COTTON, TITUS, A, 13, British Museum. Contains on ff. 105-137 a
part of the _Vox Clamantis_, beginning with the Prologue of Lib. i. and
continuing to Lib. iii. l. 116, where it is left unfinished. Paper,
leaves measuring 8¼ x 6 in. written in a current sixteenth-century hand
with an irregular number of lines (about 38-70) to the page. Headed,
‘De populari tumultu et rebellione. Anno quarto Ricardi secundi.’
Text copied from D, as is shown by minute agreement in almost
every particular.
H₃. HATTON 92, Bodleian Library, Oxford. This contains, among other
things of a miscellaneous kind, Gower’s _Cronica Tripertita_, followed
by ‘[H.] aquile pullus,’ ‘O recolende,’ and ‘Rex celi deus,’
altogether occupying 21½ leaves of parchment, measuring 7¾ x 5½ in.
Neatly written in hands of the first half of the fifteenth century
about 28-30 lines to the page, the text in one hand and the margin in
another.
Begins, ‘Prologus. Opus humanum est--constituit.’
Then the seven lines, ‘Ista tripertita--vincit amor,’ followed by
‘Explicit prologus.’ After this,
‘Incipit cronica iohannis Gower de tempore Regis Ricardi secundi
vsque ad secundum annum Henrici quarti.
Incipit prohemium Cronice Iohannis Gower.
Postquam in quodam libello, qui vox clamantis dicitur, quem
Iohannes Gower nuper versificatum composuit super hoc quod
tempore Regis Ricardi secundi anno Regni sui quarto vulgaris in
anglia populus contra ipsum Regem quasi ex virga dei notabiliter
insurrexit manifestius tractatum existit, iam in hoc presenti
Cronica, que tripertita est, super quibusdam aliis infortuniis,’
&c.
Ends (after ‘sint tibi regna poli’), ‘Expliciunt carmina Iohannis
Gower, que scripta sunt vsque nunc, quod est in anno domini Regis
prenotati secundo, et quia confractus ego tam senectute quam
aliis infirmitatibus vlterius scribere discrete non sufficio,
Scribat qui veniet post me discrecior Alter, Amodo namque manus
et mea penna silent. Hoc tamen infine verborum queso meorum,
prospera quod statuat regna futura deus. Amen. Ihesus esto michi
ihesus.’
This conclusion seems to be made up out of the piece beginning
‘Henrici quarti’ in the Trentham MS. (see p. 365 of this volume)
combined with the prose heading of the corresponding lines as
given by CHG. It may be observed here that the Trentham version
of this piece is also given in MS. Cotton, Julius F. vii, f. 167,
with the heading ‘Epitaphium siue dictum Iohannis Gower Armigeri
et per ipsum compositum.’ It is followed by the lines ‘Electus
Cristi--sponte data,’ which are the heading of the _Praise of
Peace_.
FORMER EDITIONS. The _Vox Clamantis_ was printed for the Roxburghe Club
in the year 1850, edited by H. O. Coxe, Bodley’s Librarian. In the same
volume were included the _Cronica Tripertita_, the lines ‘Quicquid homo
scribat,’ &c., the complimentary verses of the ‘philosopher,’ ‘Eneidos
Bucolis,’ &c., and (in a note to the Introduction) the poem ‘O deus
immense,’ &c. In T. Wright’s _Political Poems_, Rolls Series, 14, vol.
i. the following pieces were printed: _Carmen super multiplici Viciorum
Pestilencia_, _De Lucis Scrutinio_, ‘O deus immense,’ &c., _Cronica
Tripertita_. In the Roxburghe edition of Gower’s _Cinkante Balades_
(1818) were printed also the pieces ‘Rex celi deus,’ and ‘Ecce patet
tensus,’ the lines ‘Henrici quarti,’ a variation of ‘Quicquid homo
scribat,’ &c. (see p. 365 of this edition). Finally the last poems
‘Vnanimes esse,’ ‘Presul, ouile regis,’ ‘Cultor in ecclesia,’ and
‘Dicunt scripture’ were printed by Karl Meyer in his dissertation _John
Gower’s Beziehungen zu Chaucer &c._ pp. 67, 68.
Of Coxe’s edition I wish to speak with all due respect. It has served
a very useful purpose, and it was perhaps on a level with the critical
requirements of the time when it was published. At the same time it
cannot be regarded as satisfactory. The editor tells us that his
text is that of the All Souls MS. ‘collated throughout word for word
with a MS. preserved among the Digby MSS. in the Bodleian, and here
and there with the Cotton MS. [Tib. A. iv.] sufficiently to show the
superiority of the All Souls MS.’ The inferior and late Digby MS. was
thus uncritically placed on a level with those of first authority,
and even preferred to the Cotton MS. It would require a great deal of
very careful collation to convince an editor that the text of the All
Souls MS. is superior in correctness to that of the Cotton MS., and it
is doubtful whether after all he would come to any such conclusion.
As regards correctness they stand in fact very nearly on the same
level: each might set the other right in a few trifling points. It
is not, however, from the Cotton MS. that the Roxburghe editor takes
his corrections, when he thinks that any are needed. In such cases
he silently adopts readings from the Digby MS., and in a much larger
number of instances he gives the text of the All Souls MS. incorrectly,
from insufficient care in copying or correcting. The most serious
results of the undue appreciation of the Digby MS. are seen in those
passages where S is defective, as in the Prologue of the first book,
and in the well-known passage i. 783 ff., where the text of D is taken
as the sole authority, and accordingly errors abound, which might have
been avoided by reference to C or any other good copy[73]. The editor
seems not to have been acquainted with the Harleian MS., and he makes
no mention even of the second copy of the _Vox Clamantis_ which he had
in his own library, MS. Laud 719.
The same uncritical spirit which we have noted in this editor’s choice
of manuscripts for collation appears also in his manner of dealing with
the revised passages. When he prints variations, it is only because he
happens to find them in the Digby MS., and he makes only one definite
statement about the differences of handwriting in his authority, which
moreover is grossly incorrect. Not being acquainted with Dublin or the
Hatfield MSS., he could not give the original text of such passages
as _Vox Clamantis_, iii. 1-28 or vi. 545-80, but he might at least
have indicated the lines which he found written over erasure, and in
different hands from the original text, in the All Souls and Cotton
MSS. Dr. Karl Meyer again, who afterwards paid some attention to the
handwriting and called attention to Coxe’s misstatement on the subject,
was preoccupied with the theory that the revision took place altogether
after the accession of Henry IV, and failed to note the evidence
afforded by the differences of handwriting for the conclusion that the
revision was a gradual one, made in accordance with the development of
political events.
I think it well to indicate the chief differences of text between the
Roxburghe edition of the _Vox Clamantis_ and the present. The readings
in the following list are those of the Roxburghe edition. In cases
where the Roxburghe editor has followed the All Souls or Digby MS. that
fact is noted by the letters S or D; but the variations are for the
most part mere mistakes. It should be noted also that the sense is very
often obscured in the Roxburghe edition by bad punctuation, and that
the medieval spelling is usually not preserved.
_Epistola_ 37 orgine _Heading to Prol._ 3 somnum
_Prologus_ 21 Godefri, des atque D 25 ascribens D 27 nil
ut laudes D 32 Sicque D 36 sentiat D 37 Sæpeque sunt
lachrymis de D 38 Humida fit lachrymis sæpeque penna meis D
44 favent D 49 confracto D 50 At 58 Hujus ergo D
_Heading to_ LIB. I. 1 _om._ eciam D 3 contingebant D
4 terræ illius D 7 etiam (_for_ et) D LIB. I. 12.
quisque 26 celsitonantes 40 Fertilis occultam invenit SD
61 Horta 88 sorte 92 et (_for_ ex) Cap. ii. _Heading_
dicet prima 199 geminatis 209 possint D 280 crabs
326 elephantinus 359 segistram 395 Culteque Curræ
396 Linquendo S 455 Thalia D 474 arces 479 nemora
551 pertenui 585 Hæc 603 Tormis bruchiis 743 Cumque
763 alitrixque D 771 dominos superos nec D 784 Recteque
D 789 Cebbe D 797 Sæpe 799 Quidem 803 Frendet
perspumans D 811 earum D 817 sonitum quoque verberat
821 Congestat D 822 Obstrepuere 824 in (_for_ a) D
827 stupefactus 835 eorum non fortificet 837 furorum D
846 conchos D _om._ sibi D 855 roserat atra rubedo D
863 romphæa 873 gerunt 947 rapit (for stetit) D
953 igne S 1173 viris (_for_ iuris) 1174 aut (_for_ siue)
1241 et (_for_ vt) S 1302 sibi tuta 1312 scit SD
1334 Cantus 1338 ipse 1361 internis D 1390 Reddidit
1425 mutantia 1431 fuit 1440 Poenis 1461 deprimere
1525 statim S 1531 subito D 1587 per longum 1654 in
medio 1656 nimis 1662 patebit S 1695 rubens pingit
gemmis 1792 dixi (_for_ dedi) 1794 nichil (_for_ nil
vel) 1855 coniuncta 1870 imbuet S 1910 tempore
1927 et (_for_ vt) 1941 Claudit 1974 parat 1985 _om._
numen 2009 tunc 2017 inde 2118 ulla
LIB. II. _Prol._ 10 ora 39 ore 40 fugam iste
LIB. II. 9 obstat D 65 Desuper D 70 Et qui pauca tenet
84 Causa tamen credo 175 continuo 191 migratrix 205 Et
(_for_ Atque) 253 cum 271 Jonah 303 jam (_for_ tam)
352 ut 401 lecto 461 monent 545 morte (_for_ monte)
570 prædicat 608 fæcundari 628 Dicit
LIB. III. _Prol._ 9 sed et increpo 77 oro 90 potuit (for
ponit)
LIB. III. 4* exempla D mundus (_for_ humus) D 18* ei D
27* poterint D 41 sensus 59 cum (_for_ eum)
76 Dicunt 141 possit (_for_ poscit) 176 onus (_for_
ouis) S 191 magnates 207 nimium (_for_ nummi)
209 luxuriatio D 225 expugnareque 333 capiunt
382 ad (_for_ in) 383 teli (_for_ tali) 469 _om._
est _after_ amor 535 Quem (_for_ Quam) 595 terram
SD 701 Sublime 845 manu 891 Sic (_for_ Sicque)
933 vertatur 954 nostra 969 portamus nomen 971 nobis
data D 976 renovare 989 sic (_for_ sit) S 1214 et
1234 attulerat 1265 fallit S 1357 mundus habet 1376 et
(_for_ vt) S 1454 _om._ est 1455 Est; (_for_ Et)
1487 intendit 1538 ibi est 1541 Durius 1546 crebro
1695 sua (_for_ si) S 1747 vovit SD 1759 et sutorem
1863 vulnere SD 1936 intrat 1960 de se 1962 Nam
2049 ese 2085 agunt
LIB. IV. 26 callidis 67 vivens (_for_ niueus) 72 esse
(_for_ ipse) S 259 Sæpe (_for_ Sepeque) 273 et (_for_ vt)
S 294 perdant 295 bona qui sibi D 336 non (_for_ iam)
S 435 quid tibi 451 Ac 453 cupiensque 531 at (_for_
et) 565 ex (_for_ hee) 567 Simplicitur 583 teneræ
588 præparat 593 ibi S 600 thalamus 610 claustra
662 patet SD 675 Credo 769 In terra 785 ut
799 putabat S 811 et (_for_ ad) S 863 sed nec (_for_ non
set) 865 quem fur quasi 958 possit 1000 fratris (_for_
patris) 1038 Livorem 1081 adoptio S 1127 fallat
1214 vanis 1222* Usurpet ipsa
LIB. V. 1 sic D 18 ei (_for_ ita) D 101 cernis
104 atque 159 par est 178 fuit (_for_ sitit) 217 senos
(_for_ seuos) 262 Carnis 281 si S 290 sonet
321 valet (_for_ decet) 338 vanis 375 ille 420 Pretia
(_for_ Recia) 461 At 486 redemit (_for_ redeunt) 501 non
(_for_ nos) S 508 geret 668 Si 672 Maxime
745 foras (_for_ foris) 805 etenim (_for_ eciam) S 928 est
(_for_ et) 936 semine 937 pacis (_for_ piscis) 955 ubi
(_for_ sibi) S
LIB. VI. 54 renuere 132 ipsa 133 locuples 212 ocius
(_for_ cicius) 245 ibi (_for_ sibi) 319 Sæpe (_for_
Sepius) 405 in ‘æque’ (_for_ ineque) 411 descendat
476 quem S 488 Cesset 530 populus, væ (_for_ populus
ve) 548 ipse D 646 ruat 679 legit S 746 Num
755 Nam (_for_ Dum) 789 majus (_for_ inanis) 816 Credo
971 Rex (_for_ Pax) 1016 gemmes 1033 quid (_for_ quod)
1041 Hæc (_for_ Hic) 1132 fide (_for_ fine) 1156 minuat
D 1171* detangere (_for_ te tangere) D 1172* hæc
D 1182* foras D 1197 veteris (_for_ verteris)
1210* Subditus 1224 _om._ carnem 1225* decens (_for_
docens) D lega 1241 Hic (_for_ Dic) 1251 defunctus D
1260 ab hoc 1281 est ille pius (_for_ ille pius est)
1327 nunc moritur