The poetry in some places is pretty, the_George Borrow and His Circle Wherein May Be Found Many Hitherto Unpublished Letters of Borrow and His Friends

excellent. And can I say more? The plot is petty, the

characters without vigour, and the story poorly told. Instead

of Irene the scene seems to be laid in Arcadia, and the manners

are not so much confounded as totally lost. There are

Druids--but such Druids! O Lord!

There is to be seen no physical, perhaps no moral lesson,

though a Druid should not be a rogue--but it is not so set down

in the bond. Is this the characterisation which we have been

used to see there? To end an unpleasant letter, I must leave

to your friendship for the author to contrive some mode of

dissuading him from publishing. If, however, he is determined

to rush on the world, let him do it, in the first place,

anonymously. If it takes, he may then toss up his nose at my

opinion, and claim his work.

[Illustration: A PAGE OF THE MANUSCRIPT OF BORROW'S _SONGS OF

SCANDINAVIA_--AN UNPUBLISHED WORK]

Say nothing of me, for I would not be thought to offend so

excellent and so able a man. He may be content with his

literary fame, and can do without poetic praise.

Your answer is short. The play might have passed very well had

it been published when written, and when the writer was yet

young and little known, but it will be hazardous now, as the

world is cross-grained, and will not see your master in the

grave and learned author of so many valuable works; but judge

him from his present attainments. But this, as Mrs. Quickly

says, 'is alligant terms,' and it may do.--Ever yours,

WM. GIFFORD.

_P.S._--I see the preface is already written, and do what you

will, the play will be published.

One other phase of this more limited aspect of Borrow's work may be

dealt with here--his mastery of languages. I have before me scores of

pages which reveal the way that Borrow became a lav-engro--a

word-master. He drew up tables of every language in turn, the English

word following the German, or Welsh, or whatever the tongue might be,

and he learnt these off with amazing celerity. His wonderful memory was

his greatest asset in this particular. He was not a philologist if we

accept the dictionary definition of that word as 'a person versed in the

science of language.' But his interest in languages is refreshing and

interesting--never pedantic, and he takes rank among those disinterested

lovers of learning who pursue their researches without any regard to the

honours or emoluments that they may bring, loving learning for

learning's sake, undaunted by the discouragements that come from the

indifference of a world to which they have made their appeal in vain.

FOOTNOTES:

[245] _The Athenæum_, September 3, 1881.

[246] In the _Monthly Magazine_ for March 1830 under the head of

'Miscellaneous Intelligence' we find the following announcement:--

'Dr. Bowring and Mr. George Borrow are about to publish _The Songs of

Scandinavia_, containing a selection of the most interesting of the

Historical and Romantic Ballads of North-Western Europe, with specimens

of the Danish and Norwegian Poets down to the present day.'

[247] Dr. Knapp's Borrow manuscripts are now in the Hispanic Society's

Archives in New York.

[248] I contemplate at a later date an edition of Borrow's Collected

Writings, in which the unpublished verse will extend to two volumes.

[249] Certain of these have of late been privately printed in pamphlet

form--limited to thirty copies each.

[250] The works of Dr. George Sigerson, Dr. Douglas Hyde and Dr. Kuno

Meyer in Irish Literature are an evidence of this. Dr. Sigerson's _Bards

of the Gael and Gaul_ and Dr. Hyde's _Love Songs of Connaught_ have each

gone through more than one edition and have proved remunerative to their

authors.

[251] _The Quarterly Review_, January 1861, pp. 38-63.

CHAPTER XXXVI

HENRIETTA CLARKE

Borrow never had a child, but happy for him was the part played by his

stepdaughter Henrietta in his life. She was twenty-three years old when

her mother married him, and it is clear to me that she was from the

beginning of their friendship and even to the end of his life devoted to

her stepfather. Readers of _Wild Wales_ will recall not only the tribute

that Borrow pays to her, which we have already quoted, in which he

refers to her 'good qualities and many accomplishments,' but the other

pleasant references in that book. 'Henrietta,' he says in one passage,

'played on the guitar[252] and sang a Spanish song, to the great delight

of John Jones.' When climbing Snowdon he is keen in his praises of the

endurance of 'the gallant girl.' As against all this, there is an

undercurrent of depreciation of his stepdaughter among Borrow's

biographers. The picture of Borrow's home in later life at Oulton is

presented by them with sordid details. The Oulton tradition which still

survives among the few inhabitants who lived near the Broad at Borrow's

death in 1881, and still reside there, is of an ill-kept home, supremely

untidy, and it is as a final indictment of his daughter's callousness

that we have the following gruesome picture by Dr. Knapp:

On the 26th of July 1881 Mr. Borrow was found dead in his house

at Oulton. The circumstances were these. His stepdaughter and

her husband drove to Lowestoft in the morning on some business

of their own, leaving Mr. Borrow without a living soul in the

house with him. He had earnestly requested them not to go away

because he felt that he was in a dying state; but the response

intimated that he had often expressed the same feeling before,

and his fears had proved groundless. During the interval of

these few hours of abandonment nothing can palliate or excuse,

George Borrow died as he had lived--_alone_! His age was

seventy-eight years and twenty-one days.

Dr. Knapp no doubt believed all this;[253] it is endorsed by the village

gossip of the past thirty years, and the mythical tragedy is even

heightened by a further story of a farm tumbril which carried poor

Borrow's body to the railway station when it was being conveyed to

London to be buried beside his wife in Brompton Cemetery.

The tumbril story--whether correct or otherwise--is a matter of

indifference to me. The legend of the neglect of Borrow in his last

moments is however of importance, and the charge can easily be

disproved.[254] I have before me Mrs. MacOubrey's diary for 1881.

I have many such diaries for a long period of years, but this for 1881

is of particular moment. Here, under the date July 26th, we find the

brief note, _George Borrow died at three o'clock this morning_. It is

scarcely possible that Borrow's stepdaughter and her husband could have

left him alone at three o'clock in the morning in order to drive into

Lowestoft, less than two miles distant. At this time, be it remembered,

Dr. MacOubrey was eighty-one years of age. Now, as to the general

untidiness of Borrow's home at the time of his death--the point is a

distasteful one, but it had better be faced. Henrietta was twenty-three

years of age when her mother married Borrow. She was sixty-four at the

time of his death, and her husband, as I have said, was eighty-one years

of age at that time, being three years older than Borrow. Here we have

three very elderly people keeping house together and little accustomed

overmuch to the assistance of domestic servants. The situation at once

becomes clear. Mrs. Borrow had a genius for housekeeping and for

management. She watched over her husband, kept his accounts, held the

family purse,[255] managed all his affairs. She 'managed' her daughter

also, delighting in that daughter's accomplishments of drawing and

botany, to which may be added a zeal for the writing of stories which

does not seem, judging from the many manuscripts in her handwriting that

I have burnt, to have received much editorial encouragement. In short,

Henrietta was not domesticated. But just as I have proved in preceding

chapters that Borrow was happy in his married life, so I would urge that

as far as a somewhat disappointed career would permit to the sadly

bereaved author he was happy in his family circle to the end. It was at

his initiative that, when he had returned to Oulton after the death of

his wife, his daughter and her husband came to live with him. He

declared that to live alone was no longer tolerable, and they gave up

their own home in London to join him at Oulton.

A new glimpse of Borrow on his domestic side has been offered to the

public even as this book is passing through the press. Mr. S. H.

Baldrey, a Norwich solicitor, has given his reminiscences of the author

of _Lavengro_ to the leading newspaper of that city.[256] Mr. Baldrey is

the stepson of the late John Pilgrim of the firm of Jay and Pilgrim, who

were Borrow's solicitors at Norwich in the later years of his life. One

at least of Mr. Baldrey's many reminiscences has in it an element of

romance; that in which he recalls Mrs. Borrow and her daughter:

Mrs. Borrow always struck me as a dear old creature. When

Borrow married her she was a widow with one daughter, Henrietta

Clarke. The old lady used to dress in black silk. She had

little silver-grey corkscrew curls down the side of her face;

and she wore a lace cap with a mauve ribbon on top, quite in

the Early Victorian style. I remember that on one occasion when

she and Miss Clarke had come to Brunswick House they were

talking with my mother in the temporary absence of George

Borrow, who, so far as I can recall, had gone into another room

to discuss business with John Pilgrim.

'Ah!' she said, 'George is a good man, but he is a strange

creature. Do you know he will say to me after breakfast,

"Mary, I am going for a walk," and then I do not see anything

more of him for three months. And all the time he will be

walking miles and miles. Once he went right into Scotland, and

never once slept in a house. He took not even a handbag with

him or a clean shirt, but lived just like any old tramp.'

Mr. Baldrey is clearly in error here, or shall we say that Mrs. Borrow

humorously exaggerated? We have seen that Borrow's annual holiday was a

matter of careful arrangement, and his knapsack or satchel is frequently

referred to in his descriptions of his various tours. But the matter is

of little importance, and Mr. Baldrey's pictures of Borrow are

excellent, including that of his personal appearance:

As I recall him, he was a fine, powerfully built man of about

six feet high. He had a clean-shaven face with a fresh

complexion, almost approaching to the florid, and never a

wrinkle, even at sixty, except at the corners of his dark and

rather prominent eyes. He had a shock of silvery white hair. He

always wore a very badly brushed silk hat, a black frock coat

and trousers, the coat all buttoned down before; low shoes and

white socks, with a couple of inches of white showing between

the shoes and the trousers. He was a tireless walker, with

extraordinary powers of endurance, and was also very handy with

his fists, as in those days a gentleman required to be, more

than he does now.

Mr. John Pilgrim lived at Brunswick House, on the Newmarket Road,

Norwich, and here Borrow frequently visited him. Mr. Baldrey recalls one

particular visit:

[Illustration: A LETTER FROM BORROW TO HIS WIFE WRITTEN FROM ROME IN HIS

CONTINENTAL JOURNEY OF 1844]

I have a curious recollection of his dining one night at

Brunswick House. John Pilgrim, who was a careful, abstemious

man, never took more than two glasses of port at dinner.

'John,' said Borrow, 'this is a good port. I prefer Burgundy if

you can get it good; but, lord, you cannot get it now.' It so

happened that Mr. Pilgrim had some fine old Clos-Vougeot in the

cellar. 'I think,' said he, 'I can give you a good drop of

Burgundy.' A bottle was sent for, and Borrow finished it, alone

and unaided. 'Well,' he remarked, 'I think this is a good

Burgundy. But I'm not quite certain. I should like to try a

little more.' Another bottle was called up, and the guest

finished it to the last drop. I am still,' he said, 'not quite

sure about it, but I shall know in the morning.' The next

morning Mr. Pilgrim and I were leaving for the office, when

Borrow came up the garden path waving his arms like a

windmill. 'Oh, John,' he said, 'that _was_ Burgundy! When I

woke up this morning it was coursing through my veins like

fire.' And yet Borrow was not a man to drink to excess. I

cannot imagine him being the worse for liquor. He had wonderful

health and digestion. Neither a gourmand nor a gourmet, he

could take down anything, and be none the worse for it. I don't

think you could have made him drunk if you tried.

And here is a glimpse of Borrow after his wife's death, for which we are

grateful to Mr. Baldrey:

After the funeral of Mrs. Borrow he came to Norwich and took me

over to Oulton with him. He was silent all the way. When we got

to the little white wicket gate before the approach to the

house he took off his hat and began to beat his breast like an

Oriental. He cried aloud all the way up the path. He calmed

himself, however, by the time that Mr. Crabbe had opened the

door and asked us in. Crabbe brought in some wine, and we all

sat down to table. I sat opposite to Mrs. Crabbe; her husband

was on my left hand. Borrow sat at one end of the table, and

the chair at the opposite end was left vacant. We were talking

in a casual way when Borrow, pointing to the empty chair, said

with profound emotion, 'There! It was there that I first saw

her.' It was a curious coincidence that though there were four

of us we should have left that particular seat unoccupied at a

little table of about four feet square.[257]

But this is a lengthy digression from the story of Henrietta Clarke, who

married William MacOubrey, an Irishman--and an Orangeman--from Belfast

in 1865. The pair lived first in Belfast and afterwards at 80 Charlotte

Street, Fitzroy Square. Before his marriage he had practised at 134

Sloane Street, London. MacOubrey, although there has been some doubt

cast upon the statement, was a Doctor of Medicine of Trinity College,

Dublin, and a Barrister-at-Law. Within his limitations he was an

accomplished man, and before me lie not only documentary evidence of his

M.D. and his legal status, but several printed pamphlets that bear his

name.[258] What is of more importance, the letters from and to his wife

that have through my hands and have been consigned to the flames prove

that husband and wife lived on most affectionate terms.

It is natural that Borrow's correspondence with his stepdaughter should

have been of a somewhat private character, and I therefore publish only

a selection from his letters to her, believing however that they modify

an existing tradition very considerably:

To Mrs. MacOubrey

DEAR HENRIETTA,--Have you heard from the gentleman whom you

said you would write to about the farm?[259] Mr. C. came over

the other day and I mentioned the matter to him, but he told me

that he was on the eve of going to London on law business and

should be absent for some time. His son is in Cambridge. I am

afraid that it will be no easy matter to find a desirable

tenant and that none are likely to apply but a set of needy

speculators; indeed, there is a general dearth of money. How is

Dr. M.? God bless you!

GEORGE BORROW.

To Mrs. MacOubrey

DEAR HENRIETTA,--I have received some of the rent and send a

cheque for eight pounds. Have the kindness to acknowledge the

receipt of same by return of post. As soon as you arrive in

London, let me know, and I will send a cheque for ten pounds,

which I believe will pay your interest up to Midsummer. If

there is anything incorrect pray inform me. God bless you. Kind

regards to Miss Harvey.

GEORGE BORROW.

To Mrs. MacOubrey

DEAR HENRIETTA,--As soon as Smith has paid his Michaelmas rent

I will settle your interest up to Midsummer. Twenty-one pounds

was, I think, then due to you, as you received five pounds on

the account of the present year. If, however, you are in want

of money let me know forthwith, and I will send you a small

cheque. The document which I mentioned has been witnessed by

Mrs. Church and her daughter. It is in one of the little tin

boxes on the lower shelf of the closet nearest to the window in

my bedroom. I was over at Mattishall some weeks ago. Things

there look very unsatisfactory. H. and his mother now owe me

£20 or more. The other man a year's rent for a cottage and

garden, and two years' rent for the gardens of two cottages

unoccupied. I am just returned from Norwich where I have been

to speak to F. I have been again pestered by Pilgrim's

successor about the insurance of the property. He pretends to

have insured again. A more impudent thing was probably never

heard of. He is no agent of mine, and I will have no

communication with him. I have insured myself in the Union

Office, and have lately received my second policy. I have now

paid upwards of twelve pounds for policies. F. says that he

told him months ago that the demand he made would not be

allowed, that I insured myself and was my own agent, and that

as he shall see him in a few days he will tell him so again. Oh

what a source of trouble that wretched fellow Pilgrim has been

both to you and me.

I wish very much to come up to London. But I cannot leave the

country under present circumstances. There is not a person in

these parts in whom I can place the slightest confidence. I

most inform you that at our interview F. said not a word about

the matter in Chancery. God bless you. Kind remembrances to Dr.

GEORGE BORROW.

To Mrs. MacOubrey

DEAR HENRIETTA,--I wish to know how you are. I shall shortly

send a cheque for thirteen pounds, which I believe will settle

the interest account up to Michaelmas. If you see anything

inaccurate pray inform me. I am at present tolerably well, but

of late have been very much troubled with respect to my people.

Since I saw you I have been three times over to Mattishall, but

with very little profit. The last time I was there I got the

key of the house from that fellow Hill, and let the place to

another person who I am now told is not much better. One

comfort is that he cannot be worse. But now there is a

difficulty. Hill refuses to yield up the land, and has put

padlocks on the gates. These I suppose can be removed as he is

not in possession of the key of the house. On this point,

however, I wish to be certain. As for the house, he and his

mother, who is in a kind of partnership with him, have

abandoned it for two years, the consequence being that the

windows are dashed out, and the place little better than a

ruin. During the four years he has occupied the land he has

been cropping it, and the crops have invariably been sold

before being reaped, and as soon as reaped carried off. During

the last two years there has not been a single live thing kept

on the premises, not so much as a hen. He now says that there

are some things in the house belonging to him. Anything,

however, which he has left is of course mine, though I don't

believe that what he has left is worth sixpence. I have told

the incoming tenant to deliver up nothing, and not permit him

to enter the house on any account. He owes me ten or twelve

pounds, arrears of rent, and at least fifteen for

dilapidations. I think the fellow ought to be threatened with

an action, but I know not whom to employ. I don't wish to apply

to F. Perhaps Dr. M.'s London friend might be spoken to. I

believe Hill's address is Alfred Hill, Mattishall, Norfolk, but

the place which he occupied of me is at Mattishall Burgh. I

shall be glad to hear from you as soon as is convenient. I have

anything but reason to be satisfied with the conduct of S. He

is cropping the ground most unmercifully, and is sending sacks

of game off the premises every week. Surely he must be mad, as

he knows I can turn him out next Michaelmas. God bless you.

Kind regards to Dr. M. Take care of this.

GEORGE BORROW.

To Mrs. MacOubrey

DEAR HENRIETTA,--I was glad to hear that you had obtained your

dividend. I was afraid that you would never get it. I shall be

happy to see you and Dr. M. about the end of the month.

Michaelmas is near at hand, when your half-year's interest

becomes due. God bless you. Kind remembrances to Dr. M.

GEORGE BORROW.

OULTON, LOWESTOFT, _November 29th, 1874._

DEAR HENRIETTA,--I send a cheque for £15, which will settle the

interest account up to Michaelmas last. On receipt of this have

the kindness to send me a line. I have been to Norwich, and now

know all about your affair. I saw Mr. Durrant, who, it seems,

is the real head of the firm to which I go. He received me in

the kindest manner, and said he was very glad to see me. I

inquired about J.P.'s affairs. He appeared at first not

desirous to speak about them, but presently became very

communicative. I inquired who had put the matter into Chancery,

and he told me he himself, which I was very glad to hear. I

asked whether the mortgagees would get their money, and he

replied that he had no doubt they eventually would, as far as

principal was concerned. I spoke about interest, but on that

point he gave me slight hopes. He said that the matter, if not

hurried, would turn out tolerably satisfactory, but if it were,

very little would be obtained. It appears that the unhappy

creature who is gone had been dabbling in post obit bonds, at

present almost valueless, but likely to become available. He

was in great want of money shortly before he died. Now, dear,

pray keep up your spirits; I hope and trust we shall meet about

Christmas. Kind regards to Dr. M.

GEORGE BORROW.

Keep this. Send a line by return of post.

To Mrs. MacOubrey

DEAR HENRIETTA,--I thought I would write to you as it seems a

long time since I heard from you. I have been on my expedition

and have come back safe. I had a horrible time of it on the

sea--small dirty boat crowded with people and rough weather.

Poor Mr. Brightwell is I am sorry to say dead--died in January.

I saw Mr. J. and P. and had a good deal of conversation with

them which I will talk to you about when I see you. Mr. P. sent

an officer over to M. I went to Oulton, and as soon as I got

there I found one of the farm cottages nearly in ruins; the

gable had fallen down--more expense! but I said that some

willow trees must be cut down to cover it. The place upon the

whole looks very beautiful. C. full of complaints, though I

believe he has a fine time of it. He and T. are at daggers

drawn. I am sorry to tell you that poor Mr. Leathes is

dying--called, but could not see him, but he sent down a kind

message to me. The family, however, were rejoiced to see me and

wanted me to stay. The scoundrel of a shoemaker did not send

the shoes. I thought he would not. The shirt-collars were much

too small. I, however, managed to put on the shirts and am glad

of them. At Norwich I saw Lucy, who appears to be in good

spirits. Many people have suffered dreadfully there from the

failure of the Bank--her brother, amongst others, has been let

in. I shall have much to tell you when I see you. I am glad

that the Prussians are getting on so famously. The Pope it

seems has written a letter to the King of Prussia and is asking

favours of him. A low old fellow!!! Remember me kindly to Miss

H., and may God bless you! Bring this back.

GEORGE BORROW.

To Mrs. MacOubrey

_March 6, 1873._

DEAR HENRIETTA,--I was so grieved to hear that you were unwell.

Pray take care of yourself, and do not go out in this dreadful

weather. Send and get, on my account, six bottles of good port

wine. Good port may be had at the cellar at the corner of

Charles Street, opposite the Hospital near Hereford Square--I

think the name of the man is Kitchenham. Were I in London I

would bring it myself. Do send for it. May God Almighty bless

you!

GEORGE BORROW.

To Mrs. MacOubrey

NORWICH, _July 12, 1873._

DEAR HENRIETTA,--I shall be glad to see you and Dr. M. as soon

as you can make it convenient to come. As for my coming up to

London it is quite out of the question. I am suffering greatly,

and here I am in this solitude without medicine or advice. I

want very much to pay you up your interest. I can do so without

the slightest inconvenience. I have money. It is well I have,

as it seems to be almost my only friend. God bless you. Kind

regards to Dr. M.

GEORGE BORROW.

Here I find a letter from Mrs. MacOubrey to her stepfather:

To George Borrow, Esq.

SOUTHGATE HOUSE, BURY ST. EDMUNDS, _Novbr. 25th, 1873._

MY BELOVED FRIEND,--I sincerely trust that you are well, and

received my letter which I sent about ten days ago. Miss Harvey

is pretty well and very kind, and it really is a great pleasure

to be here during the dark foggy month of November, the most

disagreeable in London. I saw Miss Beevor the other day; she is

confined to the house with rheumatism and a strain; she was so

pleased to see me, and talked about the Images of Mildenhall.

They now set up for the great county gentry; give very grand

entertainments, dinners, etc., and go also to grand dinners, so

their time is fully taken up going and receiving; they never

scarce honour the little paltry town of Bury St. Edmunds.

Bloomfield, the old butler, is gone to service again; he could

not bear himself without horses, so he is gone to the Wigsons,

near Bury, where he will have plenty of hunters to look after;

he wished to live with Miss Harvey.

Poor Miss Borton died about a week ago; she did not live long

to enjoy the huge fortune her brother left. Bury seems very

much changing its inhabitants, but there are still some nice

people. I shall always like it while dear Miss Harvey lives;

she is so very kind to me. It is extremely cold, but we keep

tremendous fires, which combats it.

I do sincerely trust, dear, that you are well. I should like

to have a line just to say how you are. I return to London the

6th of Decbr., not later, but you see Miss Harvey likes to keep

me as long as she can, and I am very happy with her, but at

that time I shall be sure to be at home. If you were going up

to London I would leave sooner. If you want any medicine or

anything, only let me know and you shall have it.

Accept my most affec. love, and believe me ever, your attached

daughter,

HENRIETTA MACOUBREY.

_P.S._--Miss Harvey desires her kind regards. May God bless

you.

To Mrs. MacOubrey, 50 Charlotte Street, Fitzroy Square, London

OULTON, LOWESTOFT, _April 1, 1874._

DEAR HENRIETTA,--I have received your letter of the 30th March.

Since I last wrote I have not been well. I have had a great

pain in the left jaw which almost prevented me from eating. I

am, however, better now. I shall be glad to see you and Dr. M.

as soon as you can conveniently come. Send me a line to say

when I may expect you. I have no engagements. Before you come

call at No. 36 to inquire whether anything has been sent there.

Leverton had better be employed to make a couple of boxes or

cases for the books in the sacks. The sacks can be put on the

top in the inside. There is an old coat in one of the sacks in

the pocket of which are papers. Let it be put in with its

contents just as it is. I wish to have the long white chest and

the two deal boxes also brought down. Buy me a thick

under-waistcoat like that I am now wearing, and a lighter one

for the summer. Worsted socks are of no use--they scarcely last

a day. Cotton ones are poor things, but they are better than

worsted. Kind regards to Dr. M. God bless you!

Return me this when you come.

GEORGE BORROW.

To Mrs. MacOubrey, 50 Charlotte Street, Fitzroy Square, London

OULTON, _Nov. 14, 1876._

DEAR HENRIETTA,--You may buy me a large silk handkerchief,

like the one you brought before. I shall be glad to see you and

Dr. M. I am very unwell.

GEORGE BORROW.

To Mrs. MacOubrey

DEAR HENRIETTA,--I shall be glad to see you and Dr. M. as soon

as you can make it convenient. In a day or two the house will

be in good repair and very comfortable. I want you to go to the

bank and have the cheque placed to my account. Lady Day is nigh

at hand, and it must be seen after. Buy for me a pair of those

hollow ground razors and tell Dr. M. to bring a little

laudanum. Come if you can on the first of March. It is dear

Mama's birthday. God bless you! Kind regards to Dr. M.

GEORGE BORROW.

To Mrs. MacOubrey, 50 Charlotte Street, Fitzroy Square, London

MRS. CHURCH'S, LADY'S LANE, NORWICH, _Feb. 28, 1877._

DEAR HENRIETTA,--I received your letter this morning with the

document. The other came to hand at Oulton before I left. I

showed Mr. F. the first document on Wednesday, and he expressed

then a doubt with regard to the necessity of an affidavit from

me, but he said it would perhaps be necessary for him to see

the security. I saw him again this morning and he repeated the

same thing. To-night he is going to write up to his agent on

the subject, and on Monday I am to know what is requisite to be

done--therefore pray keep in readiness. On Tuesday, perhaps, I

shall return to Oulton, but I don't know. I shall write again

on Monday. God bless you.

GEORGE BORROW.

Borrow died, as we have seen, in 1881, and was buried by the side of his

wife in Brompton Cemetery. By his will, dated 1st December 1880, he

bequeathed all his property to his stepdaughter, making his friend,

Elizabeth Harvey, her co-executrix. The will, a copy of which is before

me, has no public interest, but it may be noted that Miss Harvey

refused to act, as the following letter to Mrs. MacOubrey

testifies[260]:

To Mrs. MacOubrey

BURY ST. EDMUNDS, _August 13th._

MY DEAREST HENRIETTA,--I was just preparing to write to you

when yours arrived together with Mrs. Reeve's despatch. You

know how earnestly I desire your welfare--but _because_ I do so

I earnestly advise you immediately to exercise the right you

have of appointing another trustee in my place. I am sure it

will be best for you. You ought to have a trustee at least

_not_ older than yourself, and one who has health and strength

for discharging the office. I _know_ what are the duties of a

trustee. There's _always_ a considerable responsibility

involved in the discharge of the duties of a trustee--and it

may easily occur that great responsibility may be thrown on

them, and it may become an anxious business fit only for those

who have youth and health and strength of mind, and are likely

to live.

My dear friend, you do not like to realise the old age of your

dear friends, but you must consider that I am quite past the

age for such an office, and my invalid state often prevents my

attending to my own small affairs. I have no relation or

confidential friend who can act for me. My executors were Miss

Venn and John Venn. Miss Venn departed last February to a

better land. John is in such health with heart disease that he

cannot move far from his home--he writes as one _ready_ and

desiring to depart. I do not expect to see _him_ again. So you

see, my dearest friend, I am not able to undertake this

trusteeship, and I think the sooner you consult Mrs. Reeve as

to the appointment of another trustee--the better it will

be--and the more _permanent_. Had I known it was Mr. Borrow's

intention to put down my name I should have prevented it, and

he would have seen that an aged and invalid lady was not the

person to carry out his wishes--for I am quite unable.

I pray that a fit person may be induced to undertake the

business, and that it may please God so to order all for your

good. It is indeed the greatest mercy that your dear husband is

well enough to afford you such help and such comfort. Pray hire

a proper servant who will obey orders.--In haste, ever yrs.

affectionately,

E. HARVEY.

Another letter that has some bearing upon Borrow's last days is worth

printing here:

To Mrs. MacOubrey

YARMOUTH, _August 19, 1881._

MY DEAR MRS. MACOUBREY,--I was very sorry indeed to hear of Mr.

Borrow's death. I thought he looked older the last time I saw

him, but with his vigorous constitution I have not thought the

end so near. You and Mr. MacOubrey have the comfort of knowing

that you have attended affectionately to his declining years,

which would otherwise have been very lonely. I have been abroad

for a short time, and this has prevented me from replying to

your kind letter before. Pray receive the assurance of my

sympathy, and with my kind remembrances to Mr. MacOubrey,

believe me, yours very truly,

R. H. INGLIS PALGRAVE.

Three years later Dr. MacOubrey died in his eighty-fourth year, and was

interred at Oulton. Mrs. MacOubrey lived for a time at Oulton and then

removed to Yarmouth. A letter that she wrote to a friend soon after the

death of her husband is perhaps some index to her character:

OULTON COTTAGE, OULTON, NR. LOWESTOFT, _Sept. 3rd, 1884._

MY DEAR SIR,--I beg to thank you for your kind thought of me.

On Sunday night the 24th Augst., it pleased God to take from me

my excellent and beloved husband--his age was nearly 84. He

sunk simply from age and weakness. I was his nurse by night and

by day, administering constant nourishment, but he became

weaker and weaker, till at last 'The silver cord was loosed.'

My dear father died about this time three years since, which

makes the blow more stunning. I feel very lonely now in my

secluded residence on the banks of the Broad--the music of the

wild birds adds not to my pleasure now. Trusting that yourself

and Mrs. S---- may long be spared.--Believe me to remain, yours

very truly,

HENRIETTA MACOUBREY.

The cottage at Oulton was soon afterwards pulled down, but the

summer-house where Borrow wrote a portion of his _Bible in Spain_ and

his other works remained for some years. That ultimately an entirely new

structure took its place may be seen by comparing the roof in Mrs.

MacOubrey's drawing with the illustration of the structure as it is

to-day. Mrs. MacOubrey died in 1903 at Yarmouth, and the following

inscription may be found on her tomb in Oulton Churchyard:

Sacred to the memory of Henrietta Mary, widow of William

MacOubrey, only daughter of Lieut. Henry Clarke, R.N., and Mary

Skepper, his wife, and stepdaughter of George Henry Borrow,

Esq., the celebrated author of _The Bible in Spain_, _The

Gypsies of Spain_, _Lavengro_, _The Romany Rye_, _Wild Wales_,

and other works and translations. Henrietta Mary MacOubrey was

born at Oulton Hall in this Parish, May 17th, 1818, and died

23rd December 1903. 'And He shall give His angels charge over

thee, to keep thee in all thy ways.'--Psalm xci. 11.

The following extract from her will is of interest as indicating the

trend of a singularly kindly nature. The intimate friends of Mrs.

MacOubrey's later years, whose opinion is of more value than that of

village gossips, speak of her in terms of sincere affection:

I give the following charitable legacies, namely, to the London

Bible Society, in remembrance of the great interest my dear

father, George Henry Borrow, took in the success of its great

work for the benefit of mankind, the sum of one hundred

pounds. To the Foreign Missionary Society the sum of one

hundred pounds. To the London Religious Tract Society the sum

of one hundred pounds. To the London Society for the Prevention

of Cruelty to Animals, the sum of one hundred pounds.

FOOTNOTES:

[252] Henrietta's guitar is now in my possession and is a very handsome

instrument.

[253] Henrietta MacOubrey put every difficulty in the way of Dr. Knapp,

and I hold many letters from her strongly denouncing his _Life_.

[254] The stories against Henrietta MacOubrey have received endorsement

from that pleasant writer Mr. W. A. Dutt, who has long lived near

Lowestoft. It is conveyed in such a communication as the following from

a correspondent: 'After Borrow's death Mr. Reeve, Curator of Norwich

Castle Museum, visited the Oulton house with the Rev. J. Gunn (died 28th

May 1890), having some idea of buying Borrow's books for the Colman

collection. Mrs. MacOubrey wanted £1000 for them, but Mr. Reeve did not

think them worth more than £200. They were, however, bought by Webber of

Ipswich, who soon afterwards entered into the employment of Jarrold of

Norwich. Mr. Reeve described the scene as one of rank dilapidation and

decay--evidences of extreme untidiness and neglect everywhere.'

[255] Mr. Herbert Jenkins has drawn a quite wrong conclusion--although

natural under the circumstances--from a letter he had seen in which

Borrow asked his wife for money. Mrs. Borrow kept the banking account.

Moreover, it is not generally known that Borrow completed the possession

of his wife's estate, including Oulton Hall farm and some cottage

property, with the money that came to him from _The Bible in Spain_.

[256] 'George Borrow Reminiscences' in _The Eastern Daily Press_, July

31, 1913.

[257] Mr. Baldrey also gives us reminiscences of Borrow's prowess as a

swimmer:

'It was one of the signs of his perfect health and vigour that he was a

fine swimmer. On one occasion George Jay and John Pilgrim were out for a

sail in Jay's old yacht, the _Widgeon_. Becalmed, they were drifting

somewhere down by Reedham, when suddenly Borrow said, "George, how deep

is it here?" "About twenty-two feet, sir," said George Jay. The partners

always called him "sir." "George," said Borrow, "I am going to the

bottom." Straightway he stripped, dived, and presently came up with a

handful of mud and weeds. "There, George," he said, "I've been to the

bottom," Some time in 1872 or 1873, for Borrow was then sixty-nine, my

mother and I were walking on the beach at Lowestoft, when just round the

Ness Light we met Borrow coming: towards us from the Corton side. He got

hold of my shoulder, and, pointing to the big black buoy beyond the

Ness, he said, "There! Do you see that? I have just been out there. I

have not been back many minutes." At the age of nearly seventy he had

been round the Ness Buoy and home again--a wonderful performance if, in

addition to his age, you remember the dangerous set of the currents

thereabouts.'

There is also a story, which comes to me from another quarter, of Borrow

skating upon the ice of Oulton Broad a few months before his death, and

remarking that he had not skated since he was in Russia. The following

passage from Mr. Baldrey's narrative is interesting as showing that

Borrow did not in later life quite lose sight of his birthplace:

'Apparently I interested him in some way, for twice while I was at

school at East Dereham he came over specially to take me out for the

afternoon. He had ascertained from my mother which were the school

half-holidays, and purposely chose those days so that I might be free.

We would start off at half-past twelve and return at bedtime. Where we

went I could not tell you for certain, but I know that once we went

through Scarning and once through Mattishall. What we talked about of

course I cannot recall, for I was then a boy between 13 and 15 years of

age, and I had no sort of inkling that my companion was even then a

celebrity and destined to be a still greater one in the future. But I do

remember that sometimes I could not get a word out of him for an hour or

more, and that then suddenly he would break out with all sorts of

questions. "I wonder if you can see what I can," he once remarked. "Do

you see that the gypsies have been here?" "No," I replied. "And you are

not likely to," said he. And then he would tell me no more. He was

rather prone to arouse one's curiosity and refuse to pursue the subject.

I do not mean that he was morose. Far from it. He was always very kind

to me. After I had left school and returned to Norwich he frequently

called for me and took me out with him. Once or twice I went with him to

Lowestoft.'

[258] One of them is entitled _The Present Crisis: The True Cause of Our

Indian Troubles_, by William MacOubrey of the Middle Temple. There are

also countless pamphlets in manuscript. MacOubrey was an enthusiastic

and indeed truculent upholder of the Act of Union.

[259] The farm referred to was Oulton Hall farm, often referred to as

Oulton Hall.

[260] Another letter from Miss Harvey, dated 1st August, is one of

sympathy, and there are passages in it that may well be taken to heart

when it is considered that Miss Harvey was the most intimate friend of

Borrow and his stepdaughter:

'BURY, _August 1st, 1881._

'DEAREST FRIEND,--Though I cannot be with you in your trouble I am

continually thinking of you, and praying that all needful help and

comfort may be sent to you _as_ you need and _how_ you need it. I have

no means of hearing any particulars, and am most anxious to know how you

do, and how you have got through the last painful week. Whenever you

feel able write me a few words, I await them with much anxiety. When you

are able to realise the _reality_ of his eternal gain--you will feel

that all is well. A _great_ spirit, a great and noble spirit, has passed

from the earth, his earthly tabernacle is taken down to be raised

again--glorious and immortal, a fitting abode for a spirit of the just

_made perfect_. How wonderful are those words, "made perfect." We are

even now part of that grand assembly where they dwell. "We are come to

the general assembly and church of the first born which are written in

heaven. To God the judge of all, to Jesus the Mediator, to an

innumerable company of angels, etc., to the _spirits of the just made

perfect_." Let us realise our communion with them even now, and _soon_

to meet them on the Resurrection Morn--when they who sleep in Jesus will

God _bring_ with Him ... and so we shall be ever with the Lord.

Ever with the Lord, Amen, so let it be, Life from the dead is in that

word, 'Tis immortality.

Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord, their _works_ do follow

them. Your beloved father's work in Spain will follow _him_. His efforts

to spread the word of God in that benighted land, ever has and ever will

bring forth blessed fruits. Dearest Henrietta, be comforted, you have

been a most devoted daughter to him, and latterly his greatest earthly

comfort; your dear husband also; and together you have tended him to the

last. He now rests in peace. All the sufferings of mind and body are

over for ever. You will have much earthly business on your hands. I pray

that you may be directed in all things by true wisdom. The time is

short, we must set our houses in order, that we may not be unnecessarily

burdened with earthly cares. Having food and raiment, let us be

therewith content.

'Let us be without carefulness, and so quietly and piously spend the

remnant of our days--ever growing in the knowledge of Christ, and

finding in _Him_ all our comfort and all our joy, and when our own time

of departure shall arrive may we be _ready_ and able to say, "I have a

_desire_ to depart and be with Christ, which is _far better_." The path

of the just is as the shining light which shineth more and more unto the

_perfect day_. May our path be so lighted up--until the day break and

the shadows flee away. Dearest friend, do write soon. I am so anxious to

hear how Dr. MacOubrey is.--Your most affect. friend,

E. HARVEY.

CHAPTER XXXVII

THE AFTERMATH

'We are all Borrovians now.'--AUGUSTINE BIRRELL.

It is a curious fact that of only two men of distinction in English

letters in these later years can it be said that they lived to a good

old age and yet failed of recognition for work that is imperishable.

Many poets have died young--Shelley and Keats for example--to whom this

public recognition was refused in their lifetime. But given the

happiness of reaching middle age, this recognition has never failed. It

came, for example, to Wordsworth and Coleridge long after their best

work was done. It came with more promptness to all the great Victorian

novelists. This recognition did not come in their lifetime to two

Suffolk friends, Edward FitzGerald with _Omar Khayyám_ and George Borrow

with _Lavengro_. In the case of FitzGerald there was probably no

consciousness that he had produced a great poem. In any case his sunny

Irish temperament could easily have surmounted disappointment if he had

expected anything from the world in the way of literary fame. Borrow was

quite differently made. He was as intense an egoist as Rousseau, whose

work he had probably never read, and would not have appreciated if he

had read. He longed for the recognition of the multitude through his

books, and thoroughly enjoyed it when it was given to him for a

moment--for his _Bible in Spain_. Such appreciation as he received in

his lifetime was given to him for that book and for no other. There were

here and there enthusiasts for his _Lavengro_ and _Romany Rye_. Dr.

Jessopp has told us that he was one. But it was not until long after his

death that the word 'Borrovian'[261] came into the language. Not a

single great author among his contemporaries praised him for his

_Lavengro_, the book for which we most esteem him to-day. His name is

not mentioned by Carlyle or Tennyson or Ruskin in all their voluminous

works. Among the novelists also he is of no account. Dickens and

Thackeray and George Eliot knew him not. Charlotte Brontë does indeed

write of him with enthusiasm,[262] but she is alone among the great

Victorian authors in this particular. Borrow's _Lavengro_ received no

commendation from contemporary writers of the first rank. He died in his

seventy-eighth year an obscure recluse whose works were all but

forgotten. Since that year, 1881, his fame has been continually growing.

His greatest work, _Lavengro_, has been reprinted with introductions by

many able critics;[263] notable essayists have proclaimed his worth. Of

these Mr. Watts-Dunton and Mr. Augustine Birrell have been the most

assiduous. The efforts of the former have already been noted. Mr.

Birrell has expressed his devotion in more than one essay.[264]

Referring to a casual reference by Robert Louis Stevenson to _The Bible

in Spain_,[265] in which R. L. S. speaks well of that book, Mr. Birrell,

not without irony, says:

It is interesting to know this, interesting, that is, to the

great Clan Stevenson, who owe suit and service to their liege

lord; but so far as Borrow is concerned, it does not matter, to

speak frankly, two straws. The author of _Lavengro_, _The

Romany Rye_, _The Bible in Spain_, and _Wild Wales_ is one of

those kings of literature who never need to number their tribe.

His personality will always secure him an attendant company,

who, when he pipes, must dance.

This is to sum up the situation to perfection. You cannot force people

to become readers of Borrow by argument, by criticism, or by the force

of authority. You reach the stage of admiration and even love by effects

which rise remote from all questions of style or taste. To say, as does

a recent critic, that 'there is something in Borrow after all; not so

much as most people suppose, but still a great deal,'[266] is to miss

the compelling power of his best books as they strike those with whom

they are among the finest things in literature.[267] In attempting to

interest new readers in the man--and this book is not for the sect

called Borrovians, to whom I recommend the earlier biographies, but for

a wider public which knows not Borrow--I hope I shall succeed in sending

many to those incomparable works, which have given me so many pleasant

hours.

FOOTNOTES:

[261] A word that is very misleading, as no writer was ever so little

the founder of a school.

[262] Although this fact was not known until 1908 when I published _The

Brontës: Life and Letters_. See vol. ii. p. 24, where Charlotte Brontë

writes: 'In George Borrow's works I found a wild fascination, a vivid

graphic power of description, a fresh originality, an athletic

simplicity, which give them a stamp of their own.'

[263] Theodore Watts-Dunton, Augustine Birrell, Francis Hindes Groome,

and Thomas Seccombe. Lionel Johnson's essay on Borrow is the more

valuable in its enthusiasm in that it was written by a Roman Catholic.

Writing in the _Outlook_ (April 1, 1899) he said:

'What the four books mean and are to their lovers is upon this sort.

Written by a man of intense personality, irresistible in his hold upon

your attention, they take you far afield from weary cares and business

into the enamouring airs of the open world, and into days when the

countryside was uncontaminated by the vulgar conventions which form the

worst side of "civilised" life in cities. They give you the sense of

emancipation, of manumission into the liberty of the winding road and

fragrant forest, into the freshness of an ancient country-life, into a

_milieu_ where men are not copies of each other. And you fall in with

strange scenes of adventure, great or small, of which a strange man is

the centre as he is the scribe; and from a description of a lonely glen

you are plunged into a dissertation upon difficult old tongues, and from

dejection into laughter, and from gypsydom into journalism, and

everything is equally delightful, and nothing that the strange man shows

you can come amiss. And you will hardly make up your mind whether he is

most Don Quixote, or Rousseau, or Luther, or Defoe; but you will always

love these books by a brave man who travelled in far lands, travelled

far in his own land, travelled the way of life for close upon eighty

years, and died in perfect solitude. And this will be the least you can

say, though he would not have you say it--_Requiescat in pace Viator_.'

[264] In _Res Judicatæ_ 1892 (a paper reprinted from _The Reflector_,

Jan. 8, 1888), in his Introduction to _Lavengro_ (Macmillan, 1900), in

an essay entitled 'The Office of literature,' in the second series of

_Obiter Dicta_, and in an address at Norwich; on July 5, 1913, reprinted

in full in the _Eastern Daily Press_ of July 7, 1913.

[265] There are but three references to Borrow in Stevenson's writings,

all of them perfunctory. These are in _Memories and Portraits_ ('A

Gossip on a novel of Dumas''), in _Familiar Studies of Men and Books_

('Some aspects of Robert Burns'), and in _The Ideal House_.

[266] _The Spectator_, July 12, 1913.

[267] On July 6, 1913, Dr. H. C. Beeching, Dean of Norwich, preached a

sermon on Borrow in Norwich Cathedral, which in its graceful literary

enthusiasm may be counted the culminating point of recognition of Borrow

so far, when the place is considered. The sermon has been published by

Jarrold and Sons of Norwich.

INDEX

Aikin, Dr., quarrels with Phillips, 90.

---- Lucy, 90;

on Mrs. John Taylor, 64;

on William Taylor, 66.

Ainsworth, Harrison, _Lavengro_ criticised by, 278.

_Ancient Poetry and Romances of Spain_, by Bowring, 140.

André, Major, trial of, included in Borrow's volumes, 113.

_Annals of the Harford Family_, reference to Borrow in, 245.

_Apologia pro Vita Sua_, by J. H. Newman, 345.

Arden, F., 111.

_Athenæum, The_, founding of, 90;

Hasfeld's letter on Russian literature and Borrow in, 165-166;

friendly review of _The Zincali_ in, 227;

publishes letters from Borrow, 240;

severely criticises _Lavengro_, 278, 347

and _Romany Rye,_ 347;

reminiscences of Borrow contributed to, 315-316;

contemptuous notice of _Romano Lavo-Lil_ in, 361;

obituary of Borrow in, 391.

Austin, John, 64.

---- Sarah, 55.

_Autobiographical Recollections of Sir John Bowring_, 139.

_Autobiography of Harriet Martineau_, quoted, 65.

Baldrey, S. H., reminiscences of the Borrows published by, 416-420.

Barbauld, Mrs., 67, 90.

Barclay, Mrs. Florence, addresses Bible Society meeting, 183-184.

_Bards of the Gael and Gaul_, by Dr. Sigerson;

editions published of, 408.

Baretti, Joseph, witnesses at trial of, 114.

Barron, James, on Borrow's itinerary in Scotland, 330, 331.

Bathurst, Bishop, 57, 110.

Beeching, Dr., 184;

graceful recognition of Borrow in sermon of, 437.

Belcher, pugilist, 130, 131.

Bell, Catherine, 55.

_Benjamin Robert Haydon; Correspondence and Table Talk_,

by F. W. Haydon, 25.

Benson, A. C., verses on 'My Poet,' 312.

Best, Mr. Justice, his 'Great Mind,' 123.

_Bible in Spain, The_, 180, 201, 202, 289;

much sheer invention in, 136, 313;

quoted, 182-183, 210, 238-239;

episode of the blind girl, 192;

brings fame to Borrow, 227, 243-244;

the title of, 237-238;

criticisms of Mr. Murray's reader on copy of--number of copies

sold--referred to in House of Commons, 243;

reviews of, 243, 250, 278;

how written, 279;

Gladstone's admiration of, 313, 397;

Cowell's opinion of, 356.

Birrell, Augustine, 237, 238;

story told by, 128;

introduction to _Lavengro_ by, 435, 436.

_Blackwood's Magazine_, condemns _Lavengro_, 278.

Borrow, Ann, mother of Borrow 2, 6, 10, 139, 219;

life in Norwich of, 12-17, 71;

correspondence of, 17, 33-35, 188, 193-196, 220;

death--inscription on tomb of, 314.

Borrow, Elizabeth, 293.

---- George Henry, biographical drafts and family history of, 1-7;

wandering childhood of, 36-53;

schooldays and schoolfellows at Norwich of, 71-78;

struggles and failure in London, 96-102;

Celtic ancestry of, 364;

characteristics of, 14, 15, 161, 285, 312-313, 316-317, 350, 361,

393, 405-412, 434;

agent for Bible Society, 159, 191;

facsimile of an account of the Society with, 190;

work for the Society in

--Portugal, 184-185

--Russia, 162-178

--Spain, 179-214;

imprisonments of, 134, 191, 198, 222;

correspondence of, with

--Bowring, 142-151

--Brackenbury, 198-200

--Ford, 250-259

--Haydon, 25

--Jerningham, 198

--Henrietta MacOubrey, 421-428

--publishers of _Faustus_, 108

--Secretary at War, 28-32

--his wife, 223-225, 261-268, 272-273, 319, 325-335, 340;

Darwin asks information from, 317-318;

handwriting of, 275;

fails to become a magistrate, 214, 313-314;

feeling of, as regards people and language of Ireland, 50, 296-297;

friends of later years, 389-400;

life of, in London, 379-388

--in Oulton Broad and Yarmouth, 304-320;

attainments of, as a linguist, 3, 4, 51, 68, 138-139, 412;

advertisement of, as a Professor of Languages, 409;

his ignorance of philology, 357;

literary tastes of, 2, 11, 38, 135, 344-346, 390;

literary methods of, 240-243, 285;

attitude towards literary men of, 317, 347, 393;

marriage of, 3, 198-199, 220-223, 225;

personal appearance of, 226, 260-261, 293, 309-311, 316-317, 339, 385,

397-398;

physical vigour of, 383, 419-420;

political sympathies of, 181;

existing portraits of, 382;

pugilistic tastes of, 126-132;

on a phase of folklore, 235-236;

on theory of Jewish origin of the Gypsies, 308-309;

on Spiritualism, 386;

translations by, 82, 133-137, 187, 247, 404-405;

travels in

--Austria-Hungary, 261-268

--Greece and Italy, 272-273

--Ireland, 339-340

--Portugal, 184-185

--Russia, 162-178

--Scotland, 321-330

--Spain, 179-214

--Wales, 364-366, 374-378;

unfounded reports as to neglect of, when dying, 414-415;

unrecognised genius and growing fame of, 312-313, 435-436;

Yarmouth rescue episode, 290-293.

Borrow, Henry, 293.

---- John, grandfather of George Henry, 3-5.

---- John Thomas, 4, 6, 49, 50;

Captain Borrow's love of, 8, 19;

described in _Lavengro_, 18-19;

pictures by, 21;

career and death of, 19-35.

---- Mary, 218, 219, 222, 277, 278;

correspondence with

--Ann Borrow, 365-366

--G. H. Borrow, 157-158, 246, 261-274, 294, 374-376, 379-382

--Clarke, 216-217

--Hake, 394-396;

epitaph written for, by Borrow, 215;

family history of, 214-217;

housekeeping genius of, 415;

marriage of, 157-158, 225;

unpublished works of, 295;

death of, 383, 387.

---- Captain Thomas, 19, 20, 36, 49, 87, 293;

descent of, 2-5;

military career of, 5-7;

references to, in _Lavengro_, 8-11;

prejudiced against the Irish, 50, 52;

pensioned off, 70;

his fight with Big Ben Brain, 126, 129.

---- William, 293.

Bowring, Sir John, collaboration with Borrow, 136;

correspondence of, with Borrow, 142-152, 184-186, 235, 401-402;

described by Borrow, 141-142;

Borrow's misunderstanding with, 290;

Borrow's relations with, 138-152.

Boyd, Robert, 249.

Brace, Charles L., 264.

Brackenbury, Mr., letter from, to Borrow, 198-200.

Brain, Big Ben, supposed fight between Captain Borrow and, 8, 9, 10;

career of, 129, 130.

Brandram, Rev. Mr., 159;

correspondence of, with Borrow, 171-173, 180-182, 189-192, 221-222;

letter from, to Mrs. Borrow, 188;

reproduction of portion of Borrow's letter to, 187.

Brightwell, Cecilia, letter from, to Mary Borrow, 16.

British and Foreign Bible Society, aided by the Gurneys, 62;

Borrow's connection with, 3, 133, 153-196;

growth and procedure of, 155-157;

sanctioned in Russia by the Czar, 156-157;

number of bibles issued in Spain for three years up to 1913, 184;

work of, in Spain, 182-200;

facsimile of an account with Borrow of the, 190;

breezy controversy between Borrow and the, 191.

Brodripp, A. A., 90.

Brontë, Charlotte, writes of Borrow with enthusiasm, 435.

_Brontës, The_, by Clement Shorter, quoted, 435.

Brooke, Rajah, 17, 71, 72.

Brown, Rev. Arthur, 40, 41.

Browne, Sir Thomas, 54.

Browning, Robert, 114.

Buchini, Antonio, Borrow's attendant in Spain, 189.

Bunsens, the invitation given to Borrow by, 245.

Bunyan, what Borrow owed to, 346.

Burcham, Thomas, 81;

letter from, to _The Britannia_ on _Lavengro_, 17.

Burke, Edmund, 114.

_Bury Post, The_, account in, of lifesaving by Borrow at Yarmouth, 290.

Buxton, Sir T. F., 56.

---- Lady, 56, 58.

Cagliostro, trial of, included in Borrow's volumes, 113.

Caius, John, 71.

Campbell, Thomas, 82, 111.

Cannon, Sergeant, 5.

Canton, William, 156.

Carlyle, Thomas, 154, 163;

point of similitude between Borrow and, 377;

on Edward FitzGerald, 351;

prejudiced against Scott, 67, 108.

_Celebrated Trials_, Borrow's first piece of hack-work, 97;

payment made to Borrow for, 113;

distinguishing feature of, 114;

dramatic episodes in, 114-116.

_Celtic Bards_, unpublished work of Borrow, 294, 404;

merits of, 408.

_Chiefs and Kings_, unpublished work of Borrow, 404;

merits of, 408.

_Christ's Entry into Jerusalem_, picture by Haydon, 24.

Clarendon, Earl of, 289;

befriends Borrow in Spain, 140, 186;

career of, and services to Borrow, 210-214;

facsimile of letter to Borrow from, 211.

Clarke, Lieutenant Henry, 216, 219.

---- Dr. Samuel, 71.

Cobbe, Frances Power, 344;

her opinion of Borrow, 154;

her story of Borrow and James Martineau, 77;

unkindly glimpses of Borrow given by--her character and works, 383-385;

Borrow's rudeness to, 388.

Cobham, Lord, trial of, included in Borrow's volumes, 113.

Cockburn, Lord, on David Haggart, 46.

Coke, Lord Chief Justice, 71.

Collins, Mortimer, his appreciation of _Wild Wales_, 372-373;

works of, 373.

Collinson, Robert, 383.

Combe, George, phrenological observations of, regarding David Haggart, 46.

Cooke, Robert, 361.

_Cornhill Magazine, The_, reviews _Wild Wales_ unfavourably, 367.

'Corporation Feast, The,' plate of, borrowed for _Life and Death of

Faustus_, 103.

Cowell, Professor E. C., friendship of, with FitzGerald, 354-355;

describes interview with Borrow, 355-357.

Cowper, poet, Borrow's devotion to, 2, 38.

Cozens-Hardy, A., 309.

Crabbe, Mrs., 419.

---- George, FitzGerald's letter to, 360.

Cribb, pugilist, 130, 131.

Croft, Sir Herbert, 115.

Crome, John, 21, 22, 56, 70.

Cunningham, Mrs., 56.

---- Allan, writes introduction in verse to _Romantic Ballads_; correspondence

with Borrow, 107;

encourages Borrow, 108-109.

Cunningham, Rev. Francis,

befriends Borrow with the Bible Society, 56, 62, 156, 158;

his praise of Borrow, 179, 218.

---- Rev. John W., 156, 217.

_Dairyman's Daughter, The_, extraordinary vogue of, 97;

Borrow's failure to appreciate, 155.

Dalrymple, Arthur, on schooldays of Borrow, 73-74;

on Borrow and his wife, 225;

ridicules story of lifesaving by Borrow at Yarmouth, 291.

---- John, joins Borrow in a schoolboy escapade, 73, 75.

Darwin, Charles, facsimile of letter from, asking for information,

regarding the dogs of Spain, from Borrow, 317-318.

_Death of Balder, The_, translation by Borrow, 142, 295;

issued by Jarrold, 404.

_Deceived Merman, The_, versions by Borrow and Matthew Arnold

compared, 109-110.

Defoe, Daniel, Borrow's master in literature, 40, 135, 346.

Denniss, Rev. E. P., acrid correspondence between Borrow and, 313.

D'Eterville, Thomas, Borrow's teacher, 72-73.

Diaz, Maria, Borrow's tribute to, 201.

Dickens, Charles, 345.

_Dictionary of National Biography_, article on Borrow in, 392.

Donne, W. B., letters to Borrow, 347, 361-362;

awards high praise to _Romany Rye_ and _Lavengro_, 347-348.

Drake, William, description of Borrow by, 80.

Duff-Gordon, Lady A., 64.

Dumpling Green, birthplace of Borrow, 1, 2, 37.

Dutt, W. A., on Borrow and James Martineau, 75-76;

on state of Oulton house after Borrow's death, 414.

East Dereham, described in _Lavengro_, 1, 38.

_Eastern Daily Press, The_, 'George Borrow Reminiscences' published

in, 416-420;

Miss Harvey's letter on Borrow in, 309-311.

Eastlake, Lady, her description of Borrow, 260-261.

Edinburgh, childhood of Borrow in, 45-49.

_Edinburgh Review_, reviews Borrow's works, 227.

Egan, Pierce, 121.

Elwin, Rev. Whitwell, his estimate of _Lavengro_, 281, 283;

his interview with, and impressions of, Borrow, 284-285;

letters to Borrow from, 286-287;

reviews _Romany Rye_ in _Quarterly Review_, 347;

writes obituary of Borrow in _Athenæum_, 391.

Enghien, Duc d', trial of, included in Borrow's volumes, 113.

_English Gypsies, The_, by Charles G. Leland, 233.

_Essays Critical and Historical_, by J. H. Newman, quoted, 345.

_Examiner, The_, at one time only paper read by Borrow, 402.

_Excursions along the Shores of the Mediterranean_, attractive glimpse of

Borrow in, 202-207.

Fauntleroy, Henry, trial of, included in Borrow's volumes, 114-115.

_Faustus_, translated by Borrow, 101-106, 112, 139, 140;

burned by libraries of Norwich, 105;

criticisms on, 106.

Fell, Ralph, compiles memoirs of Phillips, 88.

Fenn, Lady, commemorated by Cowper, and in _Lavengro_--books for

children by, 38.

---- Sir John, author of Paston Letters, 38.

Fielding, what Borrow owed to, 346.

Fig, James, 128.

Findlater, Jane H., on the title of _The Bible in Spain_, 238.

FitzGerald, Edward, parallel between Borrow and,--works of, 350-351;

character and gifts of, 351;

marriage of, 352;

letters to Borrow, 351-355, 359-362;

criticises Borrow's expressions, 360.

_Footprints of George Borrow_, by A. G. Jayne, 202.

Ford, Richard, 227, 289;

family history and fortune of, 248-249;

anti-democratic outlook of, 249;

his tribute to Borrow--reviews _The Bible in Spain_, 250;

correspondence with the Borrows, 133, 250-259;

odd sentence referring to Borrow, in a letter of, 254;

advice given to Borrow by, 148, 276;

his ideas about _Lavengro_, 277;

on _The Zincali_, 228, 229;

his work, 133, 255, 257, 258.

---- Sir Richard, creator of mounted police force of London, 248.

Fox, Caroline, 159.

Francis, John Collins, 400.

_Frazer's Magazine_, _Lavengro_ condemned by, 278.

_French Prisoners of Norman Cross, The_, by Rev. Arthur Brown, 40.

Fry, Elizabeth, 65-66;

connection of, with Bible Society, 155;

the courtship of, 56-57.

Garrick, David, 114.

'George Borrow Reminiscences,' by S. H. Baldrey, quoted, 416-420.

_George Borrow's Letters to the Bible Society_, 162-163.

_George Borrow; The Man and his Work_, account of Borrow's Cornish journey

in, 294.

Gibson, Robin, 47.

Gifford, William, 99;

letter from, to Borrow, criticising a friend's play, 410-412.

Gill, Rev. W., letter to Borrow from, 301.

Gypsies, language of, studied by Borrow, 3, 4;

Borrow's description of Hungarian, 265.

Gladstone, W. E., his admiration of _The Bible in Spain_, 313.

Glen, William, Borrow's friendship with, 162-163.

Gould, J. C., 85.

Graydon, Lieutenant, a rival of Borrow in Spain, 189;

Borrow's attack upon, 191.

Groome, Archdeacon, his memories of Borrow's schooldays, 80.

---- F. H., gipsy scholar, 43;

writes introduction to _Lavengro_, 435;

reviews _Romano Lavo-Lil_, 232, 233-234;

works of, 234.

Grundtvig, Mr., Borrow's translations for, 147, 149.

Gully, John, career of, 131.

Gunn, Rev. J., 414.

Gurdons, the, subscribe to Borrow's 'Romantic Ballads,' 110.

Gurney, Miss Anna, letter from, to Mrs. Borrow, 240-241;

Borrow cross-examined in Arabic by, 316.

---- Daniel, 58.

---- John, 55-56.

---- Joseph John, connection of with great bank, 56-58;

and with Bible Society, 155;

his praise of Borrow, 179.

Gurneys, the, at Norwich, 55-62;

subscribe to Borrow's 'Romantic Ballads,' 110.

_Gurneys of Earlham, The_, by A. J. C. Hare, quoted, 56.

_Gypsies of Spain, The._ See _Zincali, The_.

Hackman, Parson, trial of, in Borrow's volumes, 115.

Haggart, David, 20;

story of, 45-48;

trial and execution of--verses written by, 49.

Hake, Egmont, article of, in _Dictionary of National Biography_, on

Borrow, 392;

his reminiscence of Borrow, 397.

---- Dr. T. G., 74, 291;

on _Lavengro_, 278, 389, 390-391;

his intimacy with Borrow, 389-397;

relations of, with the Rossetti family, 389;

asperities of, when speaking of Borrow, 391, 392, 393;

memoir of, in the _Athenæum_, 391.

Hamilton, Duke of, 129.

_Handbook for Travellers in Spain_, by Richard Ford, 133;

Borrow's blundering review of, 255, 257;

Maxwell's praise of, 258.

Hare, Augustus J. C., 56.

Hares, the, 110.

Harper, Lieutenant, 32.

Harvey, Miss Elizabeth, her impressions of Borrow, 309-312;

letters to Mrs. MacOubrey from, 429-431.

Harveys, the, 110.

Hasfeld, John P., 244, 289;

Borrow's correspondence with, 163-168;

high praise of _Targum_ by, 408.

Hawkes, Robert, 25, 111;

painting of, 23-24.

Hawthorne, Nathaniel, suggestion of, as to gypsy descent of

Borrow, 6, 12, 13.

Haydon, Benjamin, 111;

career of, 24-27;

correspondence of, with Borrow, 25, 135-136.

Hayim Ben Attar, Moorish servant of Borrow, 197, 222;

Borrow's precautions in repatriating, 306-309.

Hazlitt, William, on prize-fighting, 126-127.

Heenan, pugilist, 128.

Herne, Sanspirella, second wife of Ambrose Smith, 42-43.

Hester, George P., writes to Borrow on possible connection between Sclaves

and Saxons, 348-349.

Highland Society, the, Borrow's proposal to, 136-137.

Hill, Mary, 48.

_Historic Survey of German Poetry_, by William Taylor, 68.

_History of the British and Foreign Bible Society_, by William Canton, 156.

Hooper, James, letter from Professor Cowell to, 355-357.

Howell, _State Trials_ of, 112, 113.

Howitt, Mary, her appreciation of _Wild Wales_, 369.

Hudson, pugilist, 130.

_Hungary in 1851_, glimpse of Borrow in, 264.

Hunt, Joseph, trial and execution of, 121-123.

Hyde, Dr. Douglas, Irish scholar, 51;

success of _Love Songs of Connaught_ by, 408.

_Ida of Athens_, judgment of Phillips on, 93.

_Illustrated London News, The_, 94;

Borrow's contribution to, on Runic stone, 301-303.

Image, W. E., last survivor of Borrow's schoolfellows, 77.

_In Gipsy Tents_, by F. H. Groome, 43.

Ireland, Borrow's early years in, 49-53;

his feelings as regards people and language of, 296-297.

_Iris, The_, editing of, 67.

Jackson, John, pugilist, 127.

_Jane Eyre_, cruelly reviewed by Lady Eastlake, 260.

Jay, Elizabeth, on happy married life of the Borrows, 225.

---- George, Borrow on yacht of, 419-420.

Jenkins, Mr. Herbert, 136, 148, 378, 387, 415.

Jerningham, Sir George, letter from, to Borrow, 198;

Borrow's complaints to, 212.

Jessopp, Dr., on Borrow as a pupil at the Grammar School, 72;

his admiration of Borrow, 314-315.

Joan of Arc, trial of, included in Borrow's volumes, 113.

Johnson, publisher, his offers for _The Wild Irish Girl_, 92.

---- Catharine B., 361.

---- Dr. Samuel, 114;

on Ireland and Irish Literature, 51;

his kindness for pugilists, 127.

---- Tom, his fight with Brain, 129.

---- Lionel, his essay on Borrow, 435.

Jones, Ellen, on Borrow's pronunciation of Welsh, 378.

_Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society_, 41, 44.

Jowett, Rev. Joseph, Secretary of the Bible Society, 62;

correspondence of, with Borrow, 162, 170-171, 175.

_Judgment of Solomon_, painting by John Borrow, 21.

_Kæmpe Viser_, translation by Borrow, 143-144.

Keate, Dr., 174.

Kerrison, Alladay, 84;

invites John Borrow to join him in Mexico, 27.

---- Roger, 84, 101;

Borrow's correspondence with, 85, 153.

---- Thomas, 84.

Kett, Robert, 54.

_Kings and Earls_, unpublished work of Borrow, 404;

merits of, 408.

Kingsley, Charles, 345.

King, Thomas, owner of the Borrow house in Willow Lane--descent of,

from Archbishop Parker, 16-17.

---- ---- junior, career of--marries sister of J. S. Mill,--Burcham's

allusion to, 16-17.

---- Tom, conqueror of Heenan, 128.

Klinger, F. M. von, responsible for Borrow's first book--works of, 104.

Knapp, Dr., _Life of Borrow_ by, 5 and _passim_;

purchases half the Borrow papers, 241.

Lambert, Daniel, gaoler of Phillips, 89.

Lamplighter, racehorse, Borrow's desire to see, 316.

Lang, Andrew, his onslaught on Borrow, 391.

Laurie, Sir Robert, 17.

_Lavengro_, appreciations of, 228-230, 278, 389, 391;

autobiographical nature of, 1, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 52, 58-62, 81, 83-84,

96-97, 279, 285-286, 379;

copies of, sold, 279, 287-288;

criticisms and reviews of, 278-279, 281, 347;

Donne on some reviewers of, 361-362;

facsimile of first manuscript page of, 282;

greatness of, unrecognised in Borrow's lifetime, 312-313;

original manuscript title-page of, 280;

preparation of manuscript of, 276-277, 397;

Thurtell referred to in, 116-117.

_Leicester Herald_ started by Phillips, 88-89.

Leland, Charles Godfrey, correspondence of, with Borrow, 230-232;

his books--tribute to Borrow, 233.

_Letters from Egypt_, by Lady A. Duff-Gordon, 64.

_Letters from George Borrow to the Bible Society_, 159, 162, 163, 169;

valuable information in, 180-181;

interesting facts revealed in, 241-242;

quoted, 174, 175.

_Letters of Richard Ford_, 248, 249;

Borrow's mistake in reviewing, 255.

_Life and Adventures of Joseph Sell_, Borrow's story of the writing

of, 102.

_Life of Borrow_, by Dr. Knapp, 5, 6, 8, and _passim_;

glimpse of Ann Perfrement's girlhood in, 13;

gruesome picture of circumstances of Borrow's death--strongly denounced

by Henrietta MacOubrey, 414.

_Life of B. R. Haydon_, by Tom Taylor, 24, 25.

_Life of David Haggart_, by himself, 46.

_Life of Frances Power Cobbe as told by Herself_, glimpses of Borrow

in, 383-384.

_Life of George Borrow_, by Herbert Jenkins, 387, and _passim_;

valuable information in, 180-181;

quoted, 261, 378.

_Life of Howard_, 90.

_Life of Sir James Mackintosh_, quoted, 64-65.

_Lights on Borrow_, by Rev. A. Jessopp, D.D., quoted, 72.

Lipóftsof, worker for Bible Society, 169, 173.

_Literary Gazette, The_, reviews of Borrow's works in, 106, 227.

Lloyd, Miss M. C., 383.

Lofft, Capell, 90.

Lopez, Eduardo, 202.

---- Juan, Borrow's tribute to, 201-202.

_Love Songs of Connaught_, by Dr. Hyde, success of, 408.

Macaulay, Zachary, connection of, with Bible Society, 155.

MacColl, Mr., 392.

Mace, Jem, 128.

Mackay, William, his impressions of Borrow related by, 316-317.

MacOubrey, Dr., 335, 414, 415;

status and accomplishments of, 420;

pamphlets issued by, 421;

illness and death of, 431-432.

MacOubrey, Henrietta, 155, 195, 216, 363, and _passim_;

on Borrow, 81;

Borrow's tribute to, in _Wild Wales_--her devotion to Borrow, 413;

unfounded stories of her neglect of Borrow, 414-416;

correspondence of, 421-431;

death of--inscription on tomb of, 432;

charitable bequests of, 431-432.

Man, Isle of, Borrow's expedition to, 296-303;

his investigations into the Manx language, 298-299;

the Runic stone, 300-303.

Marie Antoinette, trial of, included in Borrow's volumes, 113.

Martelli, C. F., his memories of Borrow, 86.

Martineau, David, 63.

---- Dr. James, on supposed gypsy descent of Borrow, 12-13;

impressions of, as schoolfellow of Borrow, 62, 71, 74-77.

---- Gaston, 63.

---- Harriet, 63;

on Borrow's connection with the Bible Society, 153-154.

Matthew, Father, 66.

Mavor, Dr., school-books issued by, 94.

Maxwell, Sir W. S., praises Ford's book, 258;

criticises _Lavengro_, 278.

Meadows, Margaret, 63.

---- Sarah, 63.

_Memoir of the Life and Writings of William Taylor of Norwich, A_, by J. W.

Robbards, 66.

_Memoirs of Fifty Years_, by T. G. Hake, 166, 390.

_Memoirs of John Venning_, 160.

_Memoirs of Lady Morgan_, quoted, 62.

_Memoirs of the Public and Private Life of Sir Richard Phillips_, 88.

_Memoirs of Vidocq_, translated by Borrow, 136.

Mendizábal, Borrow's interview with, 186, 214.

_Men of the Time_, biographical drafts drawn up by Borrow for, 3-5.

Meyer, Dr. Kuno, Irish scholar, 51;

work of, in Irish literature, 408.

Mezzofanti, 209.

Miles, H. D., his defence of prize-fighting, 127.

Mill, John Stuart, Thomas King marries sister of, 16-17.

Mitford, Miss, 25.

Moira, Lord, 89.

Mol, Benedict, 202, 239.

Montague, Basil, his reference to Mrs. John Taylor, 64-65.

_Monthly Magazine, The_, 67, 69, 90, 113;

Borrow's work on, 97.

Moore, Thomas, 91.

_More Leaves from the Journal of a Life in the Highlands_, visit to gypsy

encampment described in, 43.

Morgan, Lady, works of, published by Phillips, 91-93.

Morrin, killed by David Haggart, 48.

Morris, Lewis, Welsh bard, 371.

---- Sir Lewis, letter to Borrow, 371-372.

Mousehold Heath, historical and artistic associations of, 42, 54.

Mousha, introduces Borrow to Taylor, 83;

figures in _Lavengro_, 83-84.

Murray, John, publishes _The Zincali_, 226-227;

Borrow's relations with, 342-343;

correspondence of Borrow with, 313, 342-343.

---- Hon. R. D., 200.

Murtagh, Irish friend of Borrow--figures in _Lavengro_, 49-52.

_Museum, The_, 89.

Nantes, Edict of, Borrow's ancestors driven from France by Revocation

of, 4, 12, 63.

Napier, Admiral Sir C., 202.

---- Col. E., 138;

interesting account of Borrow by, 202-207.

Nelson, Lord, a pupil of Norwich Grammar School, 71.

_Newgate Calendar_, edited by Borrow, 5, 112, 113.

_Newgate Lives and Trials_, Borrow's work on, 100.

Newman, Cardinal, influenced towards Roman Catholicism by Scott, 345.

_New Monthly Magazine, The_, 126.

New Testament, edited by Borrow in Manchu and Spanish, 3.

Ney, Marshal, trial of, included in Borrow's volumes, 113.

Nicholas, Thomas, 293.

Norfolk, Duke of, 89.

Norman Cross, French prisoners at, 7, 45;

Borrow's memories of, 40-45.

_Northern Skalds_, unpublished work of Borrow, 404;

merits of, 408.

Norwich, 54, 86;

Borrow's description of, 82-83;

satirised by Borrow, 103.

_Novice, The_, favourite book of William Pitt, 91-92.

O'Connell, Daniel, Borrow's desire to see, 316.

Oliver, Tom, pugilist, 131.

_Once a Week_, Borrow contributes to, 387.

Opie, Mrs., 56.

_Oracle, The_, quoted, 129.

Orford, Col. Lord, 27, 31;

Ann Borrow's letter to, 33-34.

_Outlook, The_, Lionel Johnson on Borrow in, quoted, 435-436.

Overend and Gurney, banking firm, 57-58.

Owen, Goronwy, Borrow's favourite Welsh bard, 377-378, 407.

Owenson, Sydney. _See_ Morgan, Lady.

Pahlin, 209.

Painter, Edward, pugilist, 131.

Palgrave, Sir Francis, letter to Borrow from, 108.

---- R. H. I., letters to Mrs. MacOubrey from, 431.

Palmer, Professor E. H., gypsy scholar, 232.

Park, Mr. Justice, 123.

Parker, Archbishop., pupil at Norwich Grammar School, 71.

---- Archbishop (temp. Queen Elizabeth) descent of Thomas King from, 16.

Paterson, John, work of, for Bible Society in Russia, 156.

Pennell, Mrs. Elizabeth Robins, her biography of Leland, quoted, 230-231.

Perfrement, Mary, grandmother of Borrow, 2, 13.

---- Samuel, grandfather of Borrow, 2, 12-13.

_Personal and Family Glimpses of Remarkable People_, by E. W. Whately,

quoted, 385.

_Peter Schlemihl_, translated by Bowring, 141.

Petrie, George, correspondence of Borrow with, 336-338.

Phillips, Lady, 90.

---- H. W., portrait of Borrow by, 382.

---- Sir Richard, 27, 69, 100;

early days of, 87-88;

imprisonment of, 88-89;

knighted, 94;

books published by, 90-95;

relations of, with Borrow, 96-100.

_Phrenological Observations, etc._, by George Combe, 46.

Picts, the, Borrow on, 336-337.

Pilgrim, John, Borrow's visits to, 417-420.

Pinkerton, literary hack, 88.

Pischel, Professor Richard, criticises Borrow's etymologies, 344.

Playfair, Dr., 387.

Pope, influence of, on Borrow, 407.

Pott, Dr. A. F., gypsy scholar, 232, 233.

_Prayer Book and Homily Society_, Borrow's correspondence with, 176-177.

Prize-fighting, Borrow's taste for, 11, 82, 126-132.

Probert, witness against Thurtell, 121.

Prothero, Rowland E., 248, 249.

Purcell, pugilist, 130-131.

Purland, Francis, companion of Borrow in schoolboy escapade, 73-75.

---- Theodosius, 73-75.

Pushkin, Alexander, Russian poet, translated by Borrow, 178.

_Quarterly Review, The_,

review of _Lavengro_ in, 281;

of _Romany Rye_ in, 347.

Rackham, Tom, 79.

Rackhams, the, 110.

_Raising of Lazarus_, picture by Haydon, 24.

Randall, pugilist, 130.

Reay, Martha, murdered by Hackman, 115.

'Recollections of George Borrow,' by A. Egmont Hake in _Athenæum_,

quoted, 397.

Reeve, Mr., on scene in Oulton house after Borrow's death, 414.

---- Henry, 64.

_Res Judicatæ_, by Augustine Birrell, 436.

Reynolds, Sir Joshua, 114.

Richmond, pugilist, 130.

---- Legh, connection of, with Bible Society, 155.

_Rights of Man_, Phillips charged with selling, 89.

Robbards, J. W., writes memoir of William Taylor, 65-66.

Robertson, George, 47.

_Romance of Bookselling_, by Mumby, 87.

_Romano Lavo-Lil,_ manuscript of, 295;

published by Murray, 404;

reviews of, 232, 233, 234, 361.

_Romantic Ballads_, translation from the Danish by Borrow, 106-111, 112,

139, 140.

_Romany Rye, The_, 4, 125, 141-142, 305;

appreciations of, 228-230, 234-235, 349, 354, 391;

autobiographical nature of, 279-280, 285-286;

Borrow embittered by failure of, 347;

characters in, 343;

defects of Appendix, 344-345;

facsimile of page of manuscript of, 346;

identification of localities of, 343-344;

philological criticism of, 344;

preparation of manuscript of, 341;

quoted, 189;

reviews of, 347, 349.

Ross, Janet, 64.

Rowe, Quartermaster, 17.

_Rubáiyát,_ Fitzgerald's paraphrase, 350;

quoted in original and translated, 353-354;

Tennyson's eulogy of, 358.

Rye, Walter, 119.

St. Petersburg, Borrow in, 162-178.

Sampson, John, eminent gypsy expert--extraordinary suggestion, of,

regarding Borrow, 343;

criticises Borrow's etymologies, 344.

Sam the Jew, pugilist, 130.

Samuel, A. M., Lord Mayor of Norwich--presents Borrow house to Norwich, 16.

Sayers, Dr., 64.

---- Tom, pugilist, 130.

Scott, Sir Walter, 68;

Borrow's prejudice against, 19, 108, 344;

influence of, on J. H. Newman, 345;

Taylor's influence on, 66;

interest of, in Thurtell's trial, 121;

writings of, admired by Borrow, 344.

Scroggins, pugilist, 130.

Seccombe, Thomas, introduction to _Lavengro_ by, 125, 435.

_Servian Popular Poetry_, by Bowring, 140.

Sharp, Granville, connection with Bible Society of, 155.

Shaw, G. B., his kindness for the pugilist, 127.

Shelton, pugilist, 130.

Sidney, Algernon, trial of, included in Borrow's volumes, 113.

Sigerson, Dr., Irish scholar, 51;

success of _Bards of the Gael and Gaul_, by, 408.

Simeon, Charles, connection with Bible Society of, 155.

Simpson, William, Borrow articled to, 79-81;

described by Borrow, 80-81.

Skepper, Anne, 157, 215, 216, 219.

---- Breame, 156, 157, 219.

---- Edmund, 215, 219.

---- Edward, 157.

_Sleeping Bard, The_, translation by Borrow, 137;

his mistakes in, 357;

refused by publishers, 322, 402, 404, 406, 408, 410;

printed at his own expense, 322.

Smiles, Samuel, on publication of _The Zincali_, 226-227.

Smith, Ambrose, the Jasper Petulengro of _Lavengro_, 41-45.

---- F[=a]den, 42.

---- Thomas, 44.

_Songs from Scandinavia_, translation by Borrow, 136;

prospectus of, 145;

future publication of, 406-407;

page of manuscript of, 411.

_Songs of Europe_, metrical translation by Borrow, 294, 404.

_Songs of Scotland_, by Allan Cunningham, Borrow's appreciation of, 109.

Southey, Robert, affection of, for William Taylor, 66;

on death of Taylor, 69.

Spalding, Frederick, 351.

_Spectator, The_, point of view of criticism of Borrow of, 437;

reviews _Wild Wales_, 367.

_Sphere, The_, article on Borrow and Martineau in, 75-76.

_State Trials_, 112-113.

Stephen, Sir J. Fitzjames, 217.

---- Sir Leslie, 99.

Stevenson, R. L., perfunctory references to Borrow in writings of, 436.

Stoddard, Mr., Burcham's reference to, 17.

Story, A. T., reminiscences of Borrow by, 385-387.

Struensee, Count, trial of, included in Borrow's volumes, 113.

Stuart, Mrs. James, 73.

Suffolk, Duke of, 64.

Summers, William, 184.

Swan, Rev. William, 169.

_Talisman, The_, translation by Borrow, 178.

_Targum_, translation by Borrow, 3, 297;

high praise of, 165-166, 177, 178, 408;

facsimile of a poem from, 403.

Taylor, Anne, describes Borrow's appearance, 293.

---- Baron, Borrow's meeting with, 210.

---- Dr. John, 63.

---- John, 63.

---- Mrs. John, 55;

Basil Montague on, 64-65.

---- Richard, 63.

---- Robert, 293.

---- Tom, author of _Life of B. R. Haydon_, 24, 25.

---- William, 55, 70;

dialogue in _Lavengro_ between Borrow and, 8-9, 83-84;

gives Borrow lessons in German, 81-82;

gives Borrow introductions to Phillips and Campbell, 84;

his love of paradox, 75;

influence of, on Borrow, 65;

Harriet Martineau on, 65-66;

his friends and literary work, 66-69;

correspondence with Southey, 67-68;

his testimony to Borrow's knowledge of German, 101.

Taylors, the, at Norwich, 55, 63-69.

Tennyson on enthusiasm for Lycidas, 278;

his eulogy of FitzGerald's translation of the _Rubáiyát_, 358.

Thackeray, W. M., Borrow's attitude towards, 347, 393;

on Edward FitzGerald, 351;

Hake's severe reference to, 393.

_Theodore Watts-Dunton: Poet, Novelist, Critic,_ by James Douglas,

quoted, 394.

Thompson, T. W., article of, on Jasper Petulengro, 44.

---- W. H., 357.

_Three Generations of Englishwomen_, by Janet Ross, 64.

Thurtell, Alderman, 120, 125.

---- John, 82, 111;

trial of--glimpses of, in Borrow's books, 116-125;

great authors who have commented on crime of, 118.

Timbs, John, 111;

stories told by, 94, 95.

Tom of Bedford, pugilist, 131.

Treve, Captain, 17.

_Turkish Jester, The_, by Borrow, 295;

issued by Webber, 404.

Turner, Dawson, 243, 279.

---- Ned, pugilist, 130.

_Twelve Essays on the Phenomena of Nature_, Phillips anxious to produce in a

German dress, 96.

_Twelve Essays on the Proximate Causes_, Borrow unable to translate into

German--published in German, 99.

_Universal Review, The_, 99;

Borrow's work on, 97.

Upcher, A. W., contributes reminiscences of Borrow to the _Athenæum_, 316.

Usóz y Rio, Don Luis de, letters from, to Borrow, 207-209.

Valpy, Rev. E., Borrow's schoolmaster--story of Borrow being flogged by,

73-78.

Venning, John, work of, in Russia--befriends Borrow, 160-161.

Victoria, Queen, visits gypsy encampment, 43.

Vidocq, 261;

memoirs of, translated by Borrow, 136.

_Wahrheit und Dichtung_, opening lines of, compared with those of

_Lavengro_, 1.

_Walks and Talks about London_, 94;

story told of Phillips in, 95.

Walling, R. A. J., biography of Borrow by, 294-295.

Walpole, Horace, on Mr. Fenn, 39.

Wanton, S. W., letter to Borrow from, 299-300.

Waterfield, Mrs., 64.

Watts-Dunton, Theodore, criticism of Borrow's work, 347, 392;

description of personal appearance of Borrow, 397-398;

friendship with Borrow, 317;

on intimacy between Borrow and Hake, 389-391;

introduction to _Lavengro_ by, 435, 436;

on Borrow's loyalty in friendship, 312;

on poetic gifts of Borrow, 406;

reminiscences of Borrow, 398-400;

sonnet written by, 400.

Weare pamphlets, 120-121.

---- William, murder of, 121, 122.

Webber, Borrow's books bought by, 414.

_Westminster Review_, 140.

Whately, Archdeacon, description of Borrow by, 385.

Whewell, Dr., 285.

Wilberforce, William, connection of, with Bible Society, 155.

Wilcock, Rev. J., his impressions of Borrow, 338-339.

_Wild Irish Girl, The_, the publication of, 91, 92.

_Wild Wales_, 4, 6, 221, 383, 413;

appreciations of, 356, 360, 369, 372-373;

comparative failure of, 367, 373;

comparison of, with Borrow's three other great works, 376-377;

facsimiles of two pages from Borrow's pocket-books, and of title-page

of manuscript, 365, 368;

high spirits of, 378;

Lope de Vega's ghost-story referred to in, 369;

reviews of, 367;

time taken to write, 366.

_Wilhelm Meister_, quoted, 154.

_William Bodham Donne and his Friends,_ Borrow described in, 361.

Williams, Lieutenant, 32.

---- J. Evan, letter from Borrow to, on similarity of some Sclavonian and

Welsh words, 369-371.

Wolcot, Dr., 90.

Woodhouses, the, 111.

Wordsworth, Borrow's estimate of, 346-347.

Wormius, Olaus, 82.

Wright, Dr. Aldis, 357, 363.

_Young Cottager, The_, by Legh Richmond, extraordinary vogue of, 97.

_Zincali, The_, work by Borrow, 3, 4, 42, 118;

reference to Borrow's travels in, 135;

criticisms of, 227-229;

number of copies of, sold, 244;

editions of, issued, 226-227.

George Borrow and His Circle Wherein May Be Found Many Hitherto Unpublished Letters of Borrow and His Friends · 第 31 / 31 章

The poetry in some places is pretty, the sentiment is also