SECTION IV.— THE INSECTS.

THE INSECT COLLECTION.[1]

A collection of insects was formed and placed on exhibition during the

early summer of 1910. While this first exhibit was not elaborate, it

excited such interest that it was decided to enlarge it, by taking

advantage of the season which then was at its best for insect

collecting.

A series of long shelves has been built in the Pavilion between the

Small-Mammal House and the Ostrich House, and thirty-five glass-fronted

cages, together with a row of aquaria for aquatic specimens, were

installed. A number of collecting trips were made into the country

within a radius of twenty-five miles of the city, with such marked

success, that by the middle of July the collection was pronounced by a

number of visitors to equal in interest any exhibition of the kind

heretofore attempted in this country, or in Europe. In view of the

marked interest created by this display, the insect collection will

hereafter be a permanent feature of the Park.

[Illustration: GIANT CENTIPEDE.]

There are so many possibilities in exhibiting living insects that it is

difficult to select groups to feature for the summer. Our efforts were

first directed toward exhibiting a series of the different insects that

sing, and also a series of species injurious to the interests of the

agriculturists, together with a number of the insects that prey upon the

noxious species. The collection of singing insects was a marked success

and will hereafter be continued each summer.

We are gathering from both the Old World and the New, a fine collection

of the larger silk moths. The cocoons will be shown on panels, and

inasmuch as a number of the moths will be emerging daily, this exhibit

should be instructive. During the winter the insect collection is made

up largely of tropical species; and in this series we include the large

bird-killing spiders, scorpions and centipedes, even though these

creatures are not to be classified as true insects.

The collection of singing insects of the past summer was composed of the

meadow locust, greater and lesser cone-headed locust, the Katy-did,

broad-winged locust, field cricket, lesser field cricket, smooth-winged

cricket and two species of the tree crickets. There were about five

hundred specimens in the collection, and at times the noise made by them

was so great that visitors had to shout to one another to make their own

voices audible. The sounds coming from this collection varied according

to the time of day. It was late in the afternoon, when the larger

locusts commenced their singing (which continued throughout the night),

and inasmuch as the strictly diurnal species were yet active, the insect

chorus was quite vociferous.

It is only with considerable difficulty that singing insects are

collected. The best time to capture them is at night, when the collector

stalks the loudest singers, and by approaching within definite

investigating distance, can accurately locate the insects by bringing

into use an electric flash-lamp. The glare of the light usually causes

the insect to stop its calls, but it remains motionless upon a branch or

leaf and may be grasped with a delicate pair of forceps, provided the

movements of the collector’s arm are performed outside the rays of

light. If the locust has become silent and cannot be detected when the

light is thrown upon it, the collector simply switches off the light and

remains quiet. In a few minutes the creature continues its song, when

its exact location is again determined. In this way the night songsters

of a big meadow are collected, one by one, and the collector leaves

behind him a silent field that a few hours before resounded with the

stridulations of the insect chorus.

[Illustration: TARANTULA.]

[Illustration: RED-WINGED LOCUST.]

[Illustration: HERCULES BEETLE.]

Among the more interesting insects exhibited, in our series are to be

found the walking-stick, the praying mantis, the huge red-winged locust

of the South, the Egyptian scarab, the luminous beetle of Central and

South America, and broods of silk worm. The life history of the mosquito

will be permanently illustrated in a series of tanks, and adjoining

these an exhibit of natural enemies of these pests.

The insect collection is supplied with interesting descriptive labels.

During the latter part of spring it is removed from the Reptile House,

where, during the winter the number of its cages are much reduced, and

replaced in the quarters occupied during the summer.

INDEX.

A

Access, means of, 16

Admission, 17

_Aix galericulata_, 155

_sponsa_, 155

Agouti, 111

Alpaca, 54, 56

_Amblystoma tigrinum_, 183

_Amphiuma means_, 185

Anaconda, 179

_Anas boschas_, 153

_Ancistrodon contortrix_, 181

_piscivorus_, 181

_Anser anser_, 134

_albifrons_, 134

Ant-eater, great, 113

Antelope, addax, 39

beatrix, 40

beisa, 40

duiker, 47

prong-horned, 51

sable, 39, 40, 43

sabre, 39

sasin, 46, 47

Antelopes, small African, 46

_Anthropopithecus calvus_, 81, 84

_Anthropoides virgo_, 168

_Antidorcas_, 48

_Antigone antigone_, 168

_Antilocapra americana_, 51

_Antilocapridae_, 51

_Antilope cervicapra_, 47

Antlers, development of, 59, 61

Aoudad, 34

Ape Barbary, 86

black, 86

_Aquila chrysaetos_, 145

_Arctictis binturong_, 108

_Ardea americana_, 138

_herodias_, 138

_Argusianus argus_, 161

Armadillo, nine-banded, 112

six-banded, 112, 114

three-banded, 112

Ass, Persian Wild, 66

Aurochs, 29

Aviary, eagle and vulture, 143

goose, 133

pheasant, 155

_Axis axis_, 67

Axis deer, 67

_Aythya americana_, 154

_vallisneria_, 154

B

Baboon, 85

golden, 86

hamadryas, 86

long-armed yellow, 86

Bactrachians, 182

Badger, American, 110

European, 110

_Balearica pavonina_, 169

_Bascanium constrictor_, 179

Bear, Admiralty, 124

Andean black, 125

black, 124

brown, 125, 127

hairy-eared, 126

Himalayan black, 126

Isabella, 126

Japanese black, 127

Peninsula, 123

Polar, 120, 121, 122

sloth, 127

spectacled, 125, 126

Syrian, 125

Yakutat, 122

Beaver, American, 110, 129

Big-horn, 32

Binturong, 108

Birds, list of, 152

Bison, American, 26, 27

European, 27

ranges, 26

Black buck, 47

_Blastoceros paludosus_, 44

Blessbok, 41

_Bos americanus_, 27

_primigenius_, 29

_Bradypus tridactylus_, 114

_Branta canadensis_, 134

Brocket, black-faced, 45

_Bubo bubo_, 141

_lacteus_, 142

_virginianus_, 142

_Bufo lentiginosus_, 183

Burrhel, 32, 34

_Buteo borealis_, 144

C

Cage, flying, 135, 136

Camel, bactrian, 53, 54

_Camelus dromedarius_, 55

Cameloids, 55

_Canis azarae_, 109

_dingo_, 109

_latrans_, 99

_mesomelas_, 108

_nubilis_, 98

Capybara, 111

Caribou, woodland, 62

Barren-Ground, 63

_Casarca casarca_, 155

_variegata_, 155

Cassowary, Ceram, 165

_Castor canadensis_, 110, 129

Cat, common civet, 107

jungle, 106

Malayan, 107

margay, 106

wild, 107

yaguarundi, 106

_Catharista urubu_, 144

_urobitinga_, 144

_Cebus hypoleucus_, 81

_Cephalophus grimmi_, 47

_Cercocebus collaris_, 81, 87

_Cervicapra arundinum_, 47

_Cervus canadensis_, 57

_canadensis asiaticus_, 70

_duvauceli_, 70

_elaphus_, 71

_eldi_, 69

_equinus_, 70

_maral_, 71

_moluccensis_, 45

_muntjac_, 45

_porcinus_, 45

_schomburgki_, 44

_unicolor_, 45, 70

Chameleon, 179

Chamois, 33, 35

Cheetah, 77

_Chelydra serpentina_, 173

_Chelonia_, 172

_Chen hyperborea_, 135

_Chenopsis atrata_, 135

Chimpanzee, 81, 84

_Choloepus hoffmani_, 114

_Chrysemys picta_, 173

_Chrysolophus amherstiae_, 158

_Chrysolophus pictus_, 158

_Chrysothrix sciurea_, 81, 88

_Ciconia ciconia_, 138

_Cistudo carolina_, 173

Coati-mundi, 109

red, 109

white-nosed, 109

Cobra-de-capello, 181

king, 180

_Cobus unctuosus_, 41

Collections, arrangement of, 11

census of, 11

_Connochaetes gnu_, 38

_albojubatus_, 39

Condor, California, 144

South American, 143

_Corvidae_, 152

_Coscoroba coscoroba_, 135

Coyote, 99, 100

Crane, Asiatic, white, 168

crowned, 169

demoiselle, 167, 168

little brown, 167

paradise, 168

sandhill, 138, 167

sarus, 168

whooping, 167, 169

Crocodile, American, 176

broad-nosed, 177

Florida, 176

sharp-nosed Orinoco, 176

_Crocodilus acutus_, 176

_acutus floridanus_, 176

_intermedius_, 176

_osteolaemus tetraspis_, 177

_Crotalus adamanteus_, 181

_Cryptobranchus allegheniensis_, 184

_Ctenosaura acanthura_, 177

_Cyclura cornuta_, 177

_Cynomys ludovicianus_, 118

_Cygnus buccinator_, 135

_olor_, 134

D

_Dama vulgaris_, 68

_Damaliscus albifrons_, 41

_Dasyprocta_, 111

_Dasypus sexcinctus_, 112

Deer, axis, 67, 68

barasingha, 70

Columbian black-tailed, 62

Eld, 69

European red, 71

fallow, 68

hog, 45

horse-tailed, 70

Japanese sika, 67

jumping, 60

maral, 71

marsh, 44

Molucca, 45

mule, 60

musk, 46

Osceola, white-tailed, 43

rib-faced, 45

Indian sambar, 70

Malay sambar, 70

Schomburgk, 44

Sinaloa white-tailed, 44

swamp, 70

white-tailed, 62

Dens, bear, 119

fox, 101

wolf, 98

Dingo, 109

Dog, Australian, 109

Azara, 109

raccoon, 109

Dromedary, 55

_Dromaeus novae-hollandiae_, 165

Duck, canvas back, 154

lesser scaup, 155

mallard, 153

mandarin, 155

pintail, 153

red-head, 154

shoveller, 154

wood, 155

Duiker, antelope, 47

E

Eagle, bald, 146

bateleur, 145

golden, 145

harpy, 144

vulturine sea, 146

white-breasted, 146

Egret, American, 140

snowy, 139

_Egretta candidissima_, 139

Eland, 38, 42

_Elaps fulvius_, 180

Elephant, Indian, 91, 92

Sudan African, 92, 93

West African, 93

_Elephas, capensis_, 92

_cyclotis_, 92, 93

_indicus_, 91

_knochenhaueri_, 92

_oxyotis_, 92

Elk, American, 57

Entrances, 17

_Equus burchelli chapmani_, 66

_burchelli granti_, 65

_grevyi_, 65

_onager_, 66

_persicus_, 66

_prjevalskii_, 64

_zebra_, 64

_Erethizon dorsatus_, 110

_Eulabia indica_, 134

_Eunectes murinus_, 179

F

_Falco islandus_, 146

Fallow Deer, 68

_Felis bengalensis_, 106

_concolor_, 78

_Felis nebulosa_, 105

_onca_, 76

_pardalis_, 106

_serval_, 105

_tigrina_, 106

_uncia_, 77

_yaguarundi_, 106

_Florida caerulea_, 139

Forests, 23

Four-horned antelope, 47

Flamingo, American, 136

European, 137

Fox, Arctic, 108

black, 101

blue, 108

cross, 101

gray, 102

kit, 101, 108

large-eared swift, 102

New Mexico, desert, 108

red, 101, 103

silver, 101

swift, 101, 102, 108

Frog, smooth-clawed, 183

tree, 183

wood, 183

G

_Gazella benneti_, 49

_dorcas_, 48

Gazelle, dorcas, 48

Indian, 49

_Gennaeas nycthemerus_, 159

Gibbon, 84

Gila monster, 179

_Giraffa camelopardalis_, 36, 37, 38

_capensis_, 37

_reticulata_, 37

Giraffe, five-horned, 37

Nubian, 36, 38

two-horned, 37

Gnu, brindled, 39

white-tailed, 38, 41

Goat, Persian wild, 33

Rocky Mountain, 33, 49, 50

Goose, African spur-winged, 134

bar-headed, 134

Canada, 134

coscoroba, 135

gray-lag, 134

snow, 135

white-fronted, 134

Grounds, physical aspect of, 21

_Grus americana_, 167

_mexicana_, 167

_Guara rubra_, 137

Guanaco, 56

_Gymnogyps californianus_, 144

_Gypaetus barbatus_, 145

_Gypagus papa_, 143

_Gypohierax angolensis_, 146

_Gyps pulvus_, 144

H

_Haliaëtus leucocephalus_, 146

_leucogaster_, 146

_Hapale jacchus_, 81, 88

Hawk, red-tailed, 144

Hellbender, 184

_Helotarsus ecaudatus_, 145

_Hemitragus jemlaicus_, 34

Heron, black-crowned, 139

great blue, 138

great white, 138

little blue, 139

Louisiana, 139

snowy, 139

_Herodias egretta_, 140

_Herpestes ichneumon_, 108

Hippopotamus, 96, 97

_Hippotragus niger_, 39, 40

Hog Deer, 45

Horned “toad,” 178

Horse, Prjevalsky, 64, 65

House, antelope, 35, 36

aquatic-bird, 141

camel, 53

elephant, 89

large bird, 146

lion, 71, 72

llama, 55

ostrich, 162

primate, 80

puma and lynx, 115

reptile, 171

small-deer, 42, 44

small-mammal, 104

zebra, 63

_Hydrochaerus capybara_, 111

_Hylobates leuciscus_, 81, 84

_Hystrix cristata_, 110

_longicauda_, 110

I

Ibis, scarlet, 137

white-faced, 137

wood, 137

Ichneumon, African, 108

_Icteridae_, 152

Iguana, Mexican, 177

rhinoceros, 177

South American, 177

_tuberculata_, 177

Income, sources of, 13

Insects, 185

J

Jackal, black-backed, 108

Jaguar, 76

Jungle cat, 106

L

_Lacerta viridis_, 178

_Lama glama_, 56

_guanacus_, 56

_pacos_, 56

_vicunia_, 56

Lammergeyer, 145

Llama, 56

Leopard, 76

black, 77

clouded, 105

hunting, 77

snow, 75, 77

_Lemur catta_, 81, 89

ring-tailed, 81, 89

ruffed, 89

slow, 81, 89

_varia_, 89

Leucoryx antelope, 39, 41

Lion, 73

Barbary, 74

mountain, 78

Lizards, 177

Location of Park, 15

_Lophophorus impeyanus_, 161

_Lutra canadensis_, 103

Lynx, bay, 107

Canada, 116

spotted, 107

M

_Macacus entellus_, 81, 86

_fuscatus_, 81, 86, 88

_nemestrinus_, 81, 86, 88

_rhesus_, 81, 86

Macaws, 149

_Macropus rufus_, 50

Mammals, 25

burrowing, 116

egg-laying, 115

toothless, 112

Mandrill, 85

Margay cat, 106

Markhor Suleiman, 31, 33

Marmoset, 81, 88

Marsh deer, 44

_Mazama tema_, 45

_Meleagris gallopavo silvestris_, 146

_Meles taxus_, 110

Molucca deer, 45

Monkey, black spider, 87

entellus, 86

gray spider, 87

green, 87

howling, 87

mona, 87

pig-tailed, 86, 88

rhesus, 86

squirrel, 88

_Moschus moschiferus_, 46

Mouflon, 32, 34

Mountain sheep, big-horn, 32

Mud eel, 185

puppy, 185

Muntjac deer, 45

Musk deer, 46

Musk-ox, 31

_Myopotamus coypu_, 104

_Myrmecophaga jubata_, 113

N

_Nasua rufa_, 109

_Naja bungaris_, 180

_tripudians_, 181

_Necturus maculatus_, 185

_Nettion carolinensis_, 153

Nilgai, 41

_Nyctea nyctea_, 142

_Nyctereutes procyonoides_, 109

O

Ocelot, 106

_Odocoileus columbianus_, 60, 62

_hemionus_, 60

_sinaloae_, 44

_virginianus_, 62

_virginianus osceola_, 43

Onager, 66

Ophidia, 179

_Ophiosauris ventralis_, 178

Orang-utan, 83, 84

_Oreamnos montanus_, 50

_Oryx_, _beatrix_, 40

_beisa_, 40

_leucoryx_, 39

Otter, American, 103

_Otus asio_, 142

Ounce, 77

_Ovibos wardi_, 31

_Ovis burrhel_, 34

_canadensis_, 32

_cycloceros_, 34

_musimon_, 34

_tragelaphus_, 34

Owl, barred, 142

giant eagle, 141

great horned, 141

milky, eagle, 141

screech, 142

snowy, 141

P

_Papio babuin_, 81, 85

_hamadryas_, 81, 86

_mormon_, 81, 85

Paradoxure, black, 108

Malayan, 108

white-whiskered, 107

_Paradoxurus hermaphroditus_, 108

_leucomystax_, 107

_niger_, 108

_Passeres_, 151

Pelicans, 140

_Pelicanus occidentalis_, 140

_erthrorhynchus_, 140

Peccary, collared, 50

_Phacochaerus aethiopicus_, 50

_Phasianus colchicus_, 160

_mongolicus_, 160

_soemmerringii_, 160

_torquatus_, 160

Pheasant, Amherst, 158

Argus, 161

copper, 160

English, 160

golden, 158

impeyan, 161

Mongolian, 160

Reeve, 160

ring-necked, 160

silver, 159

Soemmerring, 160

_Pheonicopterus ruber_, 136

_roseus_, 137

_Phrynosoma_, 178

Pigeon, bleeding-heart, 149

great crowned, 150

_Pipa americana_, 183

_Plegadis guarauna_, 137

Porcupine, African, 110, 111

Brazilian tree, 131

Canada, 110

Indian crestless, 110

_Portax tragocamelus_, 41

_Potamochaerus pencillatus_, 50

Prairie “dog” village, 118

Primates, 81

Puma, 78, 116

Python, regal, 179

rock, 179

_reticulatus_, 179

_sebae_, 179

Q

_Querquedula discors_, 153

R

Rabbit family, 117

_Rana catesbiana_, 182

_sylvatica_, 183

_Rangifer, caribou_, 62

_granti_, 63

_osborni_, 63

_stonei_, 63

_tarandus_, 63

Rat, coypu, 104

Rattlesnake, diamond-back, 181

Red river-hog, 50

Reedbuck, 47

Reindeer, Lapland, 63

Reptiles, 171

synopsis, 172

venomous, 180

Restaurant, Rocking Stone, 19

Rhea, 164

Rhinoceros, African two-horned, 94

Indian, 95

white, 96

square-mouthed, 96

_bicornis_, 94

_unicornis_, 95

Rodents, list of, 131

Rodent-Reptile collection, 130

Rocking Stone, 23

_Rupicapra tragus_, 35

S

Sable antelope, 40, 43

Salamander, spotted, 183

tiger, 183

Sapajou, 87

_Sarcogeranus leucogeranus_, 168

Sasin antelope, 47

Seal, harbor, 80

Sea-lion, California, 78

Secretary bird, 166

_Serpentarius serpentarius_, 166

Serval, 105

Sewellel family, 117

Sheep, arcal, 32, 34

arcal mountain, 34

Barbary wild, 34

blue mountain, 34

Sheldrake, paradise, 155

ruddy, 155

tadorna, 155

Siamang, 89

_Siren lacertina_, 185

Sloths, 114

Snake, black, 179

coral, 180

garter, 180

harlequin, 180

hog-nosed, 180

Springbuck, 48

Squirrels, 117

Statistics, 10

Stork, white, 138

_Struthio australis_, 163

_camelus_, 164

Suricate, 108

Swan, black, 135

mute, 134

trumpeter, 135

_Syrmaticus reevesi_, 160

_Syrnium varium_, 142

T

_Tadorna tadorna_, 155

_Tagassu angulatum_, 50

Tahr, Himalayan, 32

Tamandua, 112, 114

_Tantalus loculator_, 137

Tapirs, 97, 98

_Tapirus indicus_, 98

_terrestris_, 97

_Tatu novemcinctum_, 112

_Taurotragus oryx_, 38

_Taxidea americana_, 110

Tegu, 178

Telegalla, 166

_Testudo, carolina_, 174

_elephantina_, 174

_nigrita_, 174

_tabulata_, 174

_vicina_, 174

_Tetraceros quadricornis_, 47

_Tetrapteryx paradisea_, 168

_Thrasaetus harpyia_, 144

_Thylacinus cynocephalus_, 103

Tiger, 75

Toad, common, 183

surinam, 183

Tortoise, box, 173

giant, 173, 174

gopher, 174

South American, 174

Turkey, brush, 166

wild, 146

Turtle, alligator, 173

marine, 175

painted, 173

snapping, 173

soft-shell, 175

U

Ungulates, summary of, 25

_Urocyon virginianus_, 102

_Ursus, americanus_, 121, 124

_arctos_, 125

_dalli_, 120, 122

_emmonsi_, 121

_eulophus_, 120, 124

_floridanus_, 121

_gyas_, 120, 123

_horribilis_, 121, 124

_horribilis horriaeus_, 121

_japonicus_, 127

_kermodei_, 121

_labiatus_, 127

_luteolus_, 121

_maritimus_, 120, 121

_middendorffi_, 120

_ornatus_, 125

_ornatus_, thomasi, 125

_piscator_, 126

_richardsoni_, 121

_torquatus_, 126

V

_Varanus gouldii_, 178

Vervet, 87

Vicunia, 55, 56

_Viverra malaccensis_, 107

_zibetha_, 107

_Vulpes fulvus_, 101

_fulvus argentatus_, 101

_fulvus decussatus_, 101

_macrotis,_ 102

_macrotis neomexicanus_, 108

_lagopus_, 108

_velox_, 101

Vulture, bearded, 145

black, 144

eared, 144

griffon, 144

king, 143

yellow-headed, 144

W

Walrus, Atlantic, 79

Wapiti, Altai, 70

American, 57

tashkent, 70

Wart-hog, 50

Waterbuck, sing-sing, 41

Waterfall, 22

White-tailed deer, 43

Wichita Game Reserve, 28

Wild-fowl pond, 153

Wolf, gray, 99

prairie, 99, 100

Tasmanian, 103

X

_Xenopus laevis_, 184

Y

Yaguarundi cat, 106

_Zalophus californianus_, 78

Z

Zebra, Chapman, 66

Grant, 64, 65

Grevy, 65

mountain, 64

Footnotes

[1]This interesting collection was formed, installed and labeled by

Curator R. L. Ditmars, with the assistance of Mr. Charles Snyder and

other members of the Department of Reptiles.

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Enlargements of Animal Pictures: A series of 12 enlargements, size 11

× 14, from selected photographs of animals in the Zoological

Park. Can be purchased singly and forwarded by mail.

Furnished in three different styles; black and white, 25

cents each; duotone brown, 35 cents each; hand colored, 75

cents each.

_Souvenir Map Fan_: A novel fan and map of the Zoological Park. An

ingenious arrangement makes it possible to instantly locate

any building or installation. Price, 10c.; postage 2c.

_Panorama_ of the Zoological Park in colors. Reproduced from an

original drawing in perspective. Sold in folder form, or flat,

suitable for framing. This wonderful drawing gives a vivid

recollection of the World’s greatest Zoological Park Price,

20c.; postage, 2c.

_Photo-Letter_: Two series of different photographs, reproduced in

photogravure and four colors. Price, 10c. each postpaid.

_Animal Art Stamps_: A series of 130 subjects, each stamp 2⅛ × 3,

printed from four color plates. Sold in sets of 20 stamps for

10 cents. Album containing 10 stamps, providing space for

entire series, 15 cents. Postage 2 cents. Album and complete

series of 6 sets, 75 cents. Postage 3 cents.

Address all inquiries and orders to

H. R. MITCHELL,

Manager of Privileges,

Zoological Park, 185th St. & Southern Boulevard. New York City.

Rocking-Stone Restaurant

[Illustration: EMU AND YOUNG BIRD HATCHED IN THE ZOOLOGICAL PARK]

Transcriber’s Notes

—Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook

is public-domain in the country of publication.

—Corrected a few palpable typographical errors and invalid index

entries.

—Swapped entries in the table of illustrations to match the actual

order.

—In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by

_underscores_.

Popular Official Guide to the New York Zoological Park (September 1915) Thirteenth Edition · 第 5 / 5 章