(“etats independans aux environs du Golfe Persique”) attracts our
attention to their fate principally by the remark, “En un mot, le
gouvernement et les mœurs de ces Arabes ressemblent beaucoup a ceux
des anciens Grecs.” But he adds, “mais ils manquent d’historiens pour
decrire leurs guerres et pour celebrer leurs héros: voila pourquoi ils
ne sont pas connus hors de leur pays.” Description de l’Arabie, p. 270.
[13] The event is related by OLIVIER. Voyage, tom. vi. p. 215.
[14] Extract from a translation of the History of the ZUND Family, from
the death of KERIM KHAN to the accession of AGA MAHOMED KHAN KADJAR by
ALI REZA IBN ABDUL KERIM of _Shiraz_.
[15] “Consisting of the Arab tribes of _Dumoag_, _Beenee Hajir_, _Hyat
Daaod_, and others.”
[16] HANWAY limits the functions; “the officer who makes seizures,”
vol. ii. p. 372: see also ABDUL KURREEM, p. 14. Both authorities
connect rank and importance to the situation. In the East, indeed,
the duties even of an executioner appear to have been held in very
different estimation from that which is attached to them in Europe.
“Les Bourreaux en Georgie,” says TOURNEFORT, “sont fort riches, et les
gens de qualité y exercent cette charge; bien loin qu’elle soit reputée
infame, comme dans tout le reste du monde, c’est un titre glorieux
en ce pays-là pour les familles. On s’y vante d’avoir eû plusieurs
bourreaux parmi ses ancestres, et ils se fondent sur le principe qu’il
n’y a rien de si beau que d’executer la justice, sans laquelle on ne
sçauroit vivre en seûreté. Voilá une maxime bien digne des Georgiens.”
Tom. II. 311. “ARIOCH, the Captain of the King’s Guard,” (of _Babylon_,
DAN. II. 14.) is yet stiled by the _Chaldee_ in the margin, “Chief of
the Executioners or Slaughter-men.”
[17] “_Jooyum_ is the district where the Tobacco grows, and it is
understood that the trade there is managed by its proprietor dextrously
and profitably.”
[18] “The _Sheik_, indeed, had given cause of complaint to
Brigadier-General MALCOLM before the arrival of His Majesty’s Mission.”
[19] “He was originally a _Moonshee_, who got his bread by transcribing
books and writing letters for money. He taught Sir HARFORD JONES, when
a young man at _Bussora_, to read and write Arabic and Persian. He
afterwards became a merchant, selling small articles in the _Bazar_
at _Bushire_, and being fortunate in his early trade, extended his
speculations still more largely and successfully: till, when an embassy
to _Calcutta_ was projected by the King of Persia, he was enabled to
appear (according to the report of his countrymen) as the highest
bidder for the office, and was consequently invested with it. Having
enriched himself enormously by his mission, he has yet never failed to
complain before the King, of the evil stars which, by leading him to
accept such a situation, had reduced him to beggary.”
[20] When AMURATH I. instituted the _Janizaries_, a celebrated Dervish
pronounced this blessing over the new corps: “Let them be called
Janizaries (_Yengi Cheris_, or new soldiers) may their countenance be
ever bright! their hand victorious! their sword keen! may their spears
always hang over the heads of their enemies! and wheresoever they go,
may they return with a _white face_.” GIBBON’S note illustrates the
text by the Roman phrase, Hic _niger_ est, hunc tu, Romane, caveto.
Vol. VI. p. 320, 4to.
[21] “A circumstance, connected with the more permanent superstitions
of Persia, occurred during the first part of our stay at _Bushire_,
which may be worth mentioning. A _Derveish_ settled himself for many
days at the door of the Assistant Resident’s house, and did not quit
it till he had extorted from the Envoy a donation of ten rupees.
These men wander about from place to place; and, as their demands are
sanctioned by long usage, they levy wherever they go, their established
dues.[*] Mr. BRUCE told me, that on his first arrival in the country,
a _Derveish_ came to him and asked the sum of ten piastres; he was
refused, but he persisted that he would not depart till he should
receive it. He accordingly stationed himself at the door, and commenced
his conjuring, crying ‘_Hag, Hag, Hag_,’ unceasingly for days and
nights, till he had worked himself up into a frenzy, in which his cries
became quite horrible. To get rid of such a nuisance, Mr. BRUCE was
glad at last to pay the price which his tormentor originally charged.
Mr. MANESTY, the East India Company’s Resident at _Bussorah_, was
attacked more formidably, and defended himself with more perseverance,
but without better success. A _Derveish_ demanded a hundred piastres,
and being of course refused, settled himself at the door, and remained
there two years, when Mr. MANESTY was at last forced to yield, and paid
the full sum required.
[*LORD TEIGNMOUTH, in an interesting Paper in the Asiat. Res. IV. p.
334-5, mentions a similar custom (“_sitting Dherna_”) in a different
religion. “Brahmins even in _Calcutta_ have been known to obtain
charity or subsistence from the Hindus, by posting themselves before
the door of their houses, under a declaration to remain there until
their solicitations were granted.” The religious mendicants of India
have sometimes assembled in a body of 5000 men.]
“From Mr. BRUCE also I learned the following more curious tale.
Mr. HANKEY SMITH since he has been the Resident at _Bushire_, was
told that a _Derveish_ wished to see him: but believing that he
was one of those, who make these tours of licensed pillage through
the country, he desired that the man might be sent away with the
customary and unavoidable donation of a few piastres. He was informed
however, that his visitor was no common _Derveish_; that he was in
fact the _Peish-namaz_ (the Chief Priest) of _Bushire_, and a man of
corresponding reputation among his people. The stranger was accordingly
admitted and received with every civility. In a second visit he asked
so many questions about _Calcutta_, Mr. HASTINGS, and his trial,
and other subjects which were equally new in the conversation of a
_Derveish_, that the Resident candidly told him, that he believed him
to be no Mussulman. The conjecture was well-founded: the _Peish-Namaz_
immediately acknowledged that he was a Frenchman of the name of
TALAMASH; that he had served the English government under Mr. HASTINGS,
and having received some disgust, had quitted _Calcutta_; and since
that time had done nothing but travel. He had been all over India,
thence to Cashmire, and had resided a long time at _Cabul_ in the
court of ZEMAUN SHAH; and had traversed the greater part of Persia, in
every place imposing himself upon the people as the devoutest of the
true believers. He was a very intelligent man, and had particularly
made himself master of all the secrets of the _Affghan_ politics, and
had acquired a possession of the languages so complete and correct,
that the finest native ear could detect no foreign accent. Probably
no European ever saw so much of Asia, or saw it to such advantage.
From _Bushire_ he went to _Bahrein_, where also he was made the
_Peish-Namaz_. From _Bahrein_ he proceeded to _Surat_; where his varied
and accurate knowledge of the manners, customs, and languages of all
the different nations and classes in the mixed population of that city,
divided, according to Mr. BRUCE, the opinions of the people; and made
the Arabs claim him as an original Arab; the Persians, as a Persian;
and the Mussulmans of Hindoostan as equally their own. From this place
M. TALAMASH addressed the English government of India, and conveyed
to them more particularly his knowledge of the views of the _Affghan_
court: but his communications did not receive the attention which he
expected, and being left without the hope of employment again in India,
he repaired to the _Mauritius_. There he associated with a band of
adventurers like himself, fitted out a small vessel as a privateer, and
went into the Red Sea. But here he fell in with the _Leopard_, Admiral
BLANKET; and thinking her an Indian ship, made an attempt to board her,
and was of course taken. He was then sent to Bombay, and thence got
once more to the _Mauritius_, from which time nothing more has been
heard of him.
“This is a very rare instance of the successful assumption by an
European of an Eastern character. I have known, in Turkey, several
renegado Englishmen, who could never sufficiently disguise themselves
to be taken for original Mussulmans.”
It must be understood, however, that TALAMASH is believed to have been
born at _Constantinople_, of a French father indeed, yet from his
earliest youth to have been unfettered by a conformity to European
usages.
[22] See the note on their destruction, at the end.
[23] “This account is from the mouth of a Persian; it may therefore not
be uninteresting to contrast it with the statement in the log-book of
the _Nereide_.
“H. M. S. _Nereide_, Thursday, 21 Oct. 1808.
“At 9. A. M. saw two dows standing towards us under Arabian colours.
10.30. saw a strange sail S. S. E. Employed working up junk, &c. Noon:
the above vessel past us, which proved to be the Honourable Company’s
schooner _Sylph_. P. M. moderate breezes and fine. 1.30. observed the
dows haul-up and board the schooner; in studding sails, and haul’d
our wind in chase of them: by this time they had the schooner in tow.
Tacked occasionally to close. At 4. got within gun-shot and commenced
firing. 4.30. observed the schooner’s tow-rope gone, supposed by our
shot; still keeping a constant fire on the dows. 5.30. shot away one
of the dow’s yards. At 6. ditto, firing whenever the guns would bear:
observed the schooner make signals of distress, and fire guns. The crew
immediately deserted the dow when the yard was shot away, and went on
board the other; continuing firing within musket shot round grape and
musketry; hailed her repeatedly, but received no answer. At 8. ceased
firing; the dows apparently sinking: made sail for the schooner: at 9.
hove-to, and sent a boat for the commander of the schooner; he being
severely wounded, gave Lieutenant C---- charge of the schooner, but
returned with a seapoy severely wounded.”
[24] See Plate VI.
[25] See Plate VII. in which they are incidentally introduced.
[26] That the same custom prevailed anciently in the East may be
inferred from ST. MATTHEW xxii, 2-4. ST. LUKE xiv. 16. 17.
[27] In the Journal this is the first notice of the _Istakball_, which
so frequently recurs in the future progress of the mission, as an
honorary assemblage called forth to receive a distinguished traveller,
and to conduct him in his passage.
[28] “I have frequently amused myself in feeling their skulls, to
ascertain if they are as soft now as when HERODOTUS described them; but
I never yet found one that was not hard and impenetrable.”
[29] See the notes at the end.
[30] Plate IX. which marks the situation of some of the sculptures.
[31] See the Fragments. The horse, the chariot, and the cavalry. Plate
XII.
[32] “From the groves of orange trees at _Kauzeroon_, the bees cull a
celebrated honey.”
[33] Niebuhr calls it Tchinar Raddar; he encamped there. Tom. II. p. 91.
[34] The _Bend-emir_ or _Araxes_ is said to fall into the large lake of
_Baktegian_, near _Darabgherd_. R.
[35]
---- the rest entire,
Shone with a glossy scurf, undoubted sign,
That in his womb was hid metallic ore
The work of sulphur.
PAR. LOST. I. 670.
[36] Of this view, a part is selected in plate XXII.
[37] “At _Kashan_, according to the second Minister of the kingdom,
who seemed devoutly to credit his own story, is a well, which _we_
did not see. There is a descent of six months to the bottom, and in
the different stages of the journey the traveller comes to plains and
rivers. Some have gone down and never appeared again. These are tales
which to a Persian are not incredible, though they will not believe
that the streets of London are lighted, or that there are in Europe
houses seven stories high.”
[38] Richardson’s Dissertation, 8vo. p. 184.
[39] It appears to be the Earless Marmot of PENNANT, p. 135; the
Arctomys of LINNÆUS, p. 145.
[40] In GRANT’S fine and characteristic sketch of the conquests of
NADIR, he is led to
----“Media’s vales,
Where Health on _Tabriz_ breathes with all her gales.”
_Restoration of Learning in the East_, 1805, p. 87.
The same derivation of the name from the qualities of the situation
is given by Sir WILLIAM JONES--“_Tab_ signifies a _fever_, and _riz_
is the participle of _rêkhten_ to _disperse_. There was an ancient
city which stood nearly in the same place, and is called Ταβρὶς by
PTOLEMY.”--_Description of Asia subjoined to the “Histoire de Nader
Chah:” Works_, Vol. V. p. 570.
[41] “The sea of _Kulzum_,” is more appropriated by the generality of
Eastern authors to the Arabian Gulph, to which, indeed, it is said
to be attached, from the place of the same name on the shores; yet
it is applied to the Caspian in a Persian map copied in the Oriental
Collections, Vol. III. p. 76: and KHOJEH ABDULKURREEM, while he states
that “the proper sea of _Kulzum_ is in the Turkish empire,” admits that
“the people of _Ashreff_” affix the name to the Caspian, p. 94. London
Edit. 1793: and in a note to ABULGHAZI KHAN’S History of the Tartars,
the French Editor mentions it as the general designation among the
Persians. p. 645.
[42] See before p. 317. The same name seems to be applied to the
sources of the _Euphrates_ and of the _Araxes_; which both rise on
opposite directions from the same mountains.
[43] It is the ancient _Lycus_.
[44] The Turks in their way have retained so many ancient names,
that _Neocæsarea_ may be easily recognised under the name of
_Niksar_.--D’ANVILLE, Geogr. Anc. tom. ii. p. 34. It is interesting
as the city and bishoprick of ST. GREGORY THAUMATURGUS; who found
there but seventeen Christians, and left there but seventeen Pagans.
He resolved to build a church in his city:--“Ce qui n’estoit pas
extraordinaire en ce temps la, et on avoit toute liberté d’en bastir
sous Philippe, qui commença a regner en 241. _Mais celle ci est la
premiere dont l’histoire nous donne une connaissance certaine et
expresse._”--TILLEMONT, Memoires Eccles: de VI. Premiers Siecles. Vol.
III. p. 329-30.
[45] This is possibly a part of the celebrated _Comana Pontica_, which
is placed upon the _Iris_, the modern _Tozzan Irmak_.--See D’ANVILLE’S
Geogr. Ancienne 1768. tom. ii. p. 38.
The Christians of the country pointed out to TAVERNIER some excavations
in this district, as the retreats of ST. JOHN CHRYSOSTOM. Tom. i. p. 13.
[46] St. JOHN CHRYSOSTOM--possibly in his last exile and wanderings, A.
D. 404-7. See MILNER’S “History of the Church of CHRIST.” Vol. II. p.
291-3.
[47] “_Chorbah_, soup; _Dolmah_, meat-balls, in vine leaves.”
[48] It was made by the celebrated _Kuprigli_, the Grand Vizier. See
TAVERNIER, Tom. I. p. 7.
[49] It is called the _Agatch Degnis_, or “Sea of Trees.” See its
extent in OTTER. Tom. II.
[50] The ancient _Nicomedia_.
[51] SIR WILLIAM OUSELEY’S EBN HAUKAL, p. 12. p. 95.
[52] STEVENS’S FARIA Y SOUSA, vol. iii. p. 30, &c.
[53] BRUCE’S Annals of the East India Company, vol. iii. p. 198.
[54] BRUCE, iii. 649. 169. In 1715 the _Muscat_ fleet consisted of one
ship of seventy-four guns, two of sixty, one of fifty, and eighteen
from thirty-two to twelve guns; besides smaller, &c. Captain HAMILTON,
East Indies, i. p. 76. Modern Universal History vi. 46.
[55] The first mention of the _Wahabees_, is in NIEBUHR, Description
de l’Arabie, p. 17, p. 296-302: and GIBBON first noticed the singular
co-incidence, that they sprung from the same province, _Nedsjed_,
in which MOSEILAMA the great contemporary adversary of MAHOMED, had
propagated his faith, vol. v. p. 277. It may be added, that the
_Carmathians_, who triumphed over the _Mahomedans_, like the _Wahabees_
of the present day, and like them took _Mecca_, (and plundered it
indeed much more effectually than their successors are said to have
done) in the same manner took possession first of the provinces on the
Persian Gulph. See GIBBON, v. 449. SALE’S Koran, p. 184. D’OHSSON,
Tableau de l’Empire Ottoman, tom. i. p. 105.
[56] It is not clear that _Egmaun_ is rightly placed in the text,
p. 44. Our late expedition has furnished us with a knowledge of the
Persian Gulph, which will rectify many important errors. The coast from
_Khor Hassan_ is said to have been laid down forty-eight miles too much
to the south.
[57] FARIA Y SOUSA, _Asia Portuguesa_, by STEVENS, vol. i. p. 135.
[58] See RENAUDOT’S “Anciens Relations.”
[59] BRUCE’S Annals of the East India Company, vol. iii. p. 649.
[60] EBN HAUKAL, p. 82.
[61] EBN HAUKAL, p. 89. The _Sabûra_ of GOLIUS AD ALFRAGANIUM, quoted
by VINCENT; _Nearchus_, 2d edition, p. 329.
[62] STRABO, lib. xv. p. 708. In DE SACY, “Memoires sur diverses
Antiquités de la Perse,” 1793, p. 34.
[63] Anct. Univ. Hist. xi. 66. ARTAXERXES demanded from the Romans
the cession of all the provinces which CYRUS had possessed; but SAPOR
II. his descendant and successor, advanced still higher pretensions,
and claimed all the country to the river _Strymon_, in Macedonia, the
original boundary of DARIUS HYSTASPES.
[64] Compare however the division of EBN HAUKAL, p. 82.
[65] NIEBUHR says otherwise, tom. ii. p. 166; but Sir HARFORD JONES,
who had better opportunities of ascertaining the fact, asserts it.
VINCENT, p. 329, p. 485.
[66] EBN HAUKAL, p. 85.
[67] EBN HAUKAL, p. 95.
[68] _Fasa._ See the text, p. 233. PIETRO DELLA VALLE, tom. iii. 333.
[69] _Darabgherd._ See EBN HAUKAL, p. 94, p. 133-4. PIETRO DELLA VALLE,
tom. iii. 336, 571. TAVERNIER, i. 395.
[70] _Jawr_ or _Firuzabad_. See the text, p. 234. EBN HAUKAL, p. 101.
See OTTER, i. 191. SCOTT WARING was there, p. 106, but passed it with a
very slight notice.
[71] CHARDIN, ii. p. 167. LE BRUN was at _Persepolis_ for three months;
but he seems to have confined himself principally to the ruins of the
palace.
[72] EBN HAUKAL, p. 90, p. 95.
[73] 86° 55´ long. 30° lat. Vol. iii. p. 53.
[74] “_Sehabur_,” in a map of Persia in BUNO’S _Cluverius_, 1672, p.
547.
[75] EBN HAUKAL, p. 101.
[76] DE SACY, p. 238-9.
[77] Ancient Universal History, xi. 159.
[78] MIRKHOND in DE SACY, p. 289. See the Ancient Univ. Hist. p. 151.
vol. xi.
[79] The figures are the same, not in detail, but in general
circumstance. Both are engraved in this volume, plates x. xx. See the
explanation of the inscription taken from NIEBUHR, tom. ii. pl. xxvii.
DE SACY, p. 31, &c. see also p. 69.
[80] DE SACY indeed, in the suite to his “Memoire sur les Medailles des
Sassanides,” p. 203-10, assigns all the medals on Plate VI. to SAPOR
II. and those on Plate VIII. to SAPOR III. but the resemblance is so
strong, (particularly in No. 3. of Plate VI.) between the figure on the
coin, and that in the sculpture No. X. that the identity can hardly
be doubted; and that the figure in the sculpture is SAPOR I. may be
inferred from the inscription at _Nakshi Rustum_, as well as from the
general history.
[81] “Si l’on compare tous ces bas-reliefs, on sera porté a conjecturer
qu’ils ne doivent avoir tous qu’un même objet.” DE SACY, p. 66; see p.
69.
[82] GIBBON, i. 326, 4to.
[83] A fac-simile at _Nakshi Rustam_, p. 125-6, of that subject already
noticed at _Shapour_.
[84] P. 30, &c.
[85] DE SACY, p. 167. Ancient Universal History, xi. p. 146.
[86] GIBBON, vol. v. p. 654. Modern Univ. Hist. iv. p. 79.
[87] P. 32. See the Ancient Universal History, vol. xi.
[88] History of Persia: Works, vol. v. p. 600.
[89] DE SACY, p. 32-3.
[90] VAILLANT, pref. p. vii. 389.
[91] MIRKHOND in DE SACY, p. 275. Ancient Universal History, xi. 146.
[92] DE SACY, p. 30, &c. υαυιος θεου παπακου βασιλεως. See MOSES of
CHORONÆ, quoted in DE SACY, p. 168.
[93] NIEBUHR, ii. p. 83.
[94] PETIT DE LA CROIX, p. 37.
[95] Institutes, p. 25, 27.
[96] FRAZER’S Life, p. 81. of ARTAXERXES, see GIBBON, vol. i. p. 201,
4to.
[97] VAILLANT.
[98] DE SACY, Memoire sur les Medailles des Sassanides, p. 166.
[99] In GIBBON, vol. i. p. 238.
[100] LUCRETIUS, lib. v. These references are taken from BRISSONIUS,
“De Regio Persarum Apparatu.” Edit. Lederlini, 1710.
[101] BRISSONIUS, p.732.
[102] LUCIAN, in BRISSONIUS.
[103] STRABO, lib. xv.
[104] JUVENAL, Sat. vi.
[105] SUETONIUS, in BRISSONIUS, p. 82.
[106] BRUCE, vol. iii. p. 267, 276.
[107] NIEBUHR, tom. ii. p. 98-134. _Persepolis_ and _Nakshi Rustam_, &c.
[108] DE SACY, p. 67.
[109] VAILLANT, “Arsacidarum Imperium,” p. 364, p. 366.
[110] PALLAS, “Peculiaris dea Macedonum Pallas,” p. 8. to ARSACES I.
again, p. 16.
[111] _Victoriola_ to ARTABANUS I. p. 31.
[112] To ARTAXERXES, p. 391, to SAPOR, p. 394.
[113] Vol. i. p. 331, 4to.
[114] MILNER’S History of the Church of Christ, vol. i. p. 427. p. 445.
p. 478-9. VALERIAN was destroyed by the treachery of MACRIANUS, (GIBBON
i. 327) the very man, at whose instigation he had perverted his power
to persecute the Christians.
[115] GIBBON himself records this speech, vol. 1. p. 451.
[116] PETIT DE LA CROIX, Life of GENGHIZ, p. 276.
[117] GIBBON, vol. v. 4to. p. 451.
[118] A.D. 1537. FARIA “_Asia Portuguesa_,” by STEVENS, vol. i. p. 405.
[119] GIBBON, vol. v. p. 664.
[120] DE SACY, pref. p. v. DE GUIGNES. MSS. of the King of France, ii.
p. 140. English Edit. GIBBON, i. 4to. p. 256.
[121] Ancient Universal History, vol. xi. p. 142, &c.
[122] D’HERBELOT, in Sir WM. OUSELEY’S Epitome.
[123] VAILLANT, Arsac: Imperium, p. 389.
[124] GIBBON, vol. i. 4to. p. 331.
[125] MIRKHOND, in DE SACY, p. 282-90.
[126] KHONDEMIR, in Ancient Universal History, vol. xi. p. 151.
[127] MIRKHOND, in DE SACY, p. 273.
[128] DE SACY, p. 42. A. C. 226, according to VAILLANT: Tab. Chronol.
[129] MIRKHOND, p. 282-6.
[130] This appears the piastre in value. “A piastre is about two
shillings British.” “Average exchange between Persia and India, one
hundred and thirty piastres for one hundred rupees.”
[131] “Containing two _miscals_, six _hehod_ of silver. None of the
coins that are struck in Persia have any alloy.”
[132] “The present shahee takes its name from the shahee of the SEFFIS,
but has increased in value owing to the rise of silver. They have no
coin of greater amount than the tomaun, except it be a very large piece
which the King has struck for the luxury and magnificence of his own
treasury, and which is equal to one thousand tomauns, or ten thousand
piastres.”
[133] As there is some obscurity, the whole passage in the original is
subjoined here:
8 Shahee = 1 Real or Rupee.
4¼ Reals = 1 Ditto.
2½ Reals = 1 Ditto.
[134] The population throughout is stated at five persons to a house.
[135] This is the tribute paid in produce. A _kherwar_ is one hundred
_mauns_ of _Tabriz_; each _maun_ being seven pounds and a quarter
English.
[136] The places in small capital letters are the stages.
[137] Two roads; one by _Orchíene_, the other by _Ispahanek_.
[138] Extracted from Dr. JUKES’S Journal of Mr. MANESTY’S route.
[139] See p. 255.
[140] Strong N. W. from the 6th to the 13th, with little or no
intermission: great dust.
[141] Water melons, musk melons, and figs in season; and plenty of them.
[142] The weather does not appear so hot as in former seasons.
[143] I have not remarked such a haze in former times. I have scarcely
seen the mountains of Persia since the latter end of May.
[144] I have seen it one or two days before in this month, but I do not
recollect to have seen it during the winter, or when the atmosphere is
very clear.
[145] _Bushire_; grapes good and plentiful; musk and watermelons, and
figs.
* * * * *
Transcriber’s note:
Obvious typographical errors and inconsistencies have been silently
corrected.
Differences in spelling between index and body have been made
consistent as has hyphenation, but other variations in spelling and
punctuation remain unchanged.
A number of items in the index are out of order, and some are not
present in the text. This has not been changed.
Plate X. in the list of plates has been changed from Sculpture at
Shapour to Rock at Shapour to correspond with the image.
The layout of Appendix II-2 and II-3 has been altered to reduce the
required page width.