Il sera déjà parti. He must have (probably has) left.
Le ferez-vous? Will you (are you going to) do it?
But: Voulez-vous le faire? Will you (are you willing to, do
you want to) do it?
Étudiez-vous? Do you study; are you studying?
J'étudie. I study; I am studying.
Je voudrais partir. I would like to go.
Ils ne sauraient trouver le chemin. They couldn't possibly (wouldn't
know how to) find the way.
Il chanta la Marseillaise \
(_literary_). |_ He sang the Marseillaise.
Il a chanté la Marseillaise |
(_coloquial_) /
Il chantait. He was singing, used to sing, etc.
Votre père est-il arrivé? \_ Has your father arrived?
Est-ce que votre père est arrivé? /
Ce garçon, cet homme, cette This (or that) boy, man, woman,
femme, ces livres-ci, ces these books, those pens.
plumes-là.
A. 1. That boat yonder is going to depart. 2. This Irishman is
pulling a cable. 3. The length of this cable doubtless must[1]
have[1] exhausted his patience. 4. I'd like to leave this evening.[2]
5. The sultan's favorite threw this stone. 6. Is revenge permitted[3]
men? 7. If my enemy were[4] powerful, revenge would be imprudent.
8. If I were[4] cowardly, I would throw a stone at that camel.
9. The Irishman was hauling a cable, when he received[5] the
order to[6] start. 10. She used to know the queen formerly.[7]
11. If I succeed, I will have the honors of the day. 12. If a
man is clever, does he always succeed? 13. If you are happy,
your enemy is unhappy. 14. Did[8] he find[9] these stones in his
pocket? 15. Are they picking up those stones? 16. If I should
succeed,[4] I would be happy. 17. If you are in Hades, I won't
be able to get you out.[10] 18. I couldn't[11] possibly[8] tell
you (it).
[Footnotes 1: _future_ of avoir. 2: soir (_m._). 3: permise aux.
4: _imperfect indicative_. 5: _past indefinite_. 6: de.
7: autrefois. 8: _omit_. 9: _What tense?_ 10: vous en tiler.
11: _conditional_ of savoir.]
B. 1. People[1] made fun of the cardinal. 2. Did he learn that
the cardinal had fallen into disgrace? 3. He was very shrewd
but clumsy.[2] 4. I shall take-care[3] not[4] to fall. 5. If
I were[4] to[4] go to work,[5] I should succeed. 6. What has
become of[6] the queen? 7. I'd like to[4] know what[7] has become
of her.[8] 8. The boat has[9] probably[4] left already.[10] 9.
He did not receive the order to depart. 10. This man was a good
diver formerly.[11] 11. If she guessed the trick, she would get
even. 12. The queen was eating, when she heard a great noise.
13. If this man were clever, he would know how[4] to[4] avenge
himself. 14. Marc Antony was[12] a great general. 15. She did
not know that he had caught a fish.
[Footnotes 1: on. 2: _idiom_: avoir la main lourde. 3: prendre
garde. 4: _omit_. 5: se mettre à l'oeuvre. 6: est devenue.
7: ce que. 8: elle est devenue. 9: _future of_ être. 10: déjà.
11: autrefois. 12: _past definite_.]