current situation: Russia is a source, transit, and
destination country for men, women, and children trafficked for
various purposes; it remains a significant source of women
trafficked to over 50 countries for commercial sexual exploitation;
Russia is also a transit and destination country for men and women
trafficked from Central Asia, Eastern Europe, and North Korea to
Central and Western Europe and the Middle East for purposes of
forced labor and sexual exploitation; internal trafficking remains a
problem in Russia with women trafficked from rural areas to urban
centers for commercial sexual exploitation, and men trafficked
internally and from Central Asia for forced labor in the
construction and agricultural industries; debt bondage is common
among trafficking victims, and child sex tourism remains a concern
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Russia is on the Tier 2 Watch List
for a fifth consecutive year for its failure to show evidence of
increasing efforts to combat trafficking over the previous year,
particularly in providing assistance to victims of trafficking;
comprehensive trafficking victim assistance legislation, which would
address key deficiencies, has been pending before the Duma since
2003 and was neither passed nor enacted in 2007 (2008)
Saudi Arabia
current situation: Saudi Arabia is a destination
country for workers from South and Southeast Asia who are subjected
to conditions that constitute involuntary servitude including being
subjected to physical and sexual abuse, non-payment of wages,
confinement, and withholding of passports as a restriction on their
movement; domestic workers are particularly vulnerable because some
are confined to the house in which they work unable to seek help;
Saudi Arabia is also a destination country for Nigerian, Yemeni,
Pakistani, Afghan, Somali, Malian, and Sudanese children trafficked
for forced begging and involuntary servitude as street vendors; some
Nigerian women were reportedly trafficked into Saudi Arabia for
commercial sexual exploitation
tier rating: Tier 3 - Saudi Arabia does not fully comply with the
minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not
making significant efforts to do so; the government continues to
lack adequate anti-trafficking laws and, despite evidence of
widespread trafficking abuses, did not report any criminal
prosecutions, convictions, or prison sentences for trafficking
crimes committed against foreign domestic workers (2008)
South Africa
current situation: South Africa is a source, transit,
and destination country for men, women, and children trafficked for
forced labor and sexual exploitation; women and girls are trafficked
internally - and occasionally to European and Asian countries - for
sexual exploitation; women from other African countries are
trafficked to South Africa and, less frequently, onward to Europe
for sexual exploitation; men and boys are trafficked from
neighboring countries for forced agricultural labor; Asian and
Eastern European women are trafficked to South Africa for
debt-bonded sexual exploitation
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - South Africa is on the Tier 2 Watch
List for a fourth consecutive year for its failure to show
increasing efforts to address trafficking; the government provided
inadequate data in 2007 on trafficking crimes investigated or
prosecuted, or on resulting convictions or sentences; it also did
not provide information on its efforts to protect victims of
trafficking; the country continues to deport and/or prosecute
suspected foreign victims without providing appropriate protective
services (2008)
Sri Lanka
current situation: Sri Lanka is a source and destination
country for men and women trafficked for the purposes of involuntary
servitude and commercial sexual exploitation; Sri Lankan men and
women migrate willingly to the Persian Gulf, Middle East, and East
Asia to work as construction workers, domestic servants, or garment
factory workers, where some find themselves in situations of
involuntary servitude when faced with restrictions on movement,
withholding of passports, threats, physical or sexual abuse, and
debt bondage; children are trafficked internally for commercial
sexual exploitation and, less frequently, for forced labor
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - for a second consecutive year, Sri
Lanka is on the Tier 2 Watch List for failing to provide evidence of
increasing efforts to combat severe forms of human trafficking,
particularly in the area of law enforcement; the government failed
to arrest, prosecute, or convict any person for trafficking offenses
and continued to punish some victims of trafficking for crimes
committed as a result of being trafficked; Sri Lanka has not
ratified the 2000 UN TIP Protocol (2008)
Sudan
current situation: Sudan is a source country for men, women,
and children trafficked internally for the purposes of forced labor
and sexual exploitation; Sudan is also a transit and destination
country for Ethiopian women trafficked abroad for domestic
servitude; Sudanese women and girls are trafficked within the
country, as well as possibly to Middle Eastern countries for
domestic servitude; the terrorist rebel organization, Lord's
Resistance Army, continues to harbor small numbers of Sudanese and
Ugandan children in the southern part of the country for use as
cooks, porters, and combatants; some of these children are also
trafficked across borders into Uganda or the Democratic Republic of
the Congo; militia groups in Darfur, some of which are linked to the
government, abduct women for short periods of forced labor and to
perpetrate sexual violence; during the two decades-long north-south
civil war, thousands of Dinka women and children were abducted and
subsequently enslaved by members of the Missiriya and Rezeigat
tribes; while there have been no known new abductions of Dinka by
members of Baggara tribes in the last few years, inter-tribal
abductions continue in southern Sudan
tier rating: Tier 3 - Sudan does not fully comply with the minimum
standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making
significant efforts to do so; combating human trafficking through
law enforcement or prevention measures was not a priority for the
government in 2007 (2008)
Syria
current situation: Syria is a destination and transit country
for women and children trafficked for commercial sexual exploitation
and forced labor; a significant number of women and children in the
large and expanding Iraqi refugee community in Syria are reportedly
forced into commercial sexual exploitation by Iraqi gangs or, in
some cases, their families; women from Indonesia, Sri Lanka, the
Philippines, Ethiopia, and Sierra Leone are recruited for work in
Syria as domestic servants, but some face conditions of involuntary
servitude, including long hours, non-payment of wages, withholding
of passports, restrictions on movement, threats, and physical or
sexual abuse
tier rating: Tier 3 - Syria again failed to report any law
enforcement efforts to punish trafficking offenses in 2007; in
addition, the government did not offer protection services to
victims of trafficking and may have arrested, prosecuted, or
deported some victims for prostitution or immigration violations;
Syria has not ratified the 2000 UN TIP Protocol (2008)
Tajikistan
current situation: Tajikistan is a source country for
women trafficked through Kyrgyzstan and Russia to the UAE, Turkey,
and Russia for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation; men
are trafficked to Russia and Kazakhstan for the purpose of forced
labor, primarily in the construction and agricultural industries;
boys and girls are trafficked internally for various purposes,
including forced labor and forced begging
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Tajikistan is on the Tier 2 Watch
List for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to
combat human trafficking, especially efforts to investigate,
prosecute, convict, and sentence traffickers; despite evidence of
low- and mid-level officials' complicity in trafficking, the
government did not punish any public officials for trafficking
complicity during 2007; lack of capacity and poor coordination
between government institutions remained key obstacles to effective
anti-trafficking efforts (2008)
Uzbekistan
current situation: Uzbekistan is a source country for
women and girls trafficked to Kazakhstan, Russia, Middle East, and
Asia for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation; men are
trafficked to Kazakhstan and Russia for purposes of forced labor in
the construction, cotton, and tobacco industries; men and women are
also trafficked internally for the purposes of domestic servitude,
forced labor in the agricultural and construction industries, and
for commercial sexual exploitation
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Uzbekistan is on the Tier 2 Watch
List for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to
combat severe forms of trafficking in 2007; the government did not
amend its criminal code to increase penalties for convicted
traffickers; in March 2008, Uzbekistan adopted ILO Conventions on
minimum age of employment and on the elimination of the worst forms
of child labor and is working with the ILO on implementation; the
government also demonstrated its increasing commitment to combat
trafficking in March 2008 by adopting a comprehensive
anti-trafficking law; Uzbekistan has not ratified the 2000 UN TIP
Protocol (2008)
Venezuela
current situation: Venezuela is a source, transit, and
destination country for men, women, and children trafficked for the
purposes of commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor;
Venezuelan women and girls are trafficked within the country for
sexual exploitation, lured from the nation's interior to urban and
tourist areas; child prostitution in urban areas and child sex
tourism in resort destinations appear to be growing; Venezuelan
women and girls are trafficked for commercial sexual exploitation to
Western Europe, Mexico, and Caribbean destinations
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Venezuela is placed on the Tier 2
Watch List, up from Tier 3, as it showed greater resolve to address
trafficking through law enforcement measures and prevention efforts
in 2007, although stringent punishment of offenders and victim
assistance remain lacking (2008)
World
current situation: approximately 800,000 people, mostly women
and children, are trafficked annually across national borders, not
including millions trafficked within their own countries; at least
80% of the victims are female and up to 50% are minors; 75% of all
victims are trafficked into commercial sexual exploitation; almost
two-thirds of the global victims are trafficked intra-regionally
within East Asia and the Pacific (260,000 to 280,000 people) and
Europe and Eurasia (170,000 to 210,000 people)
Tier 2 Watch List: Albania, Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain,
Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Costa
Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cyprus, Democratic Republic of the Congo,
Dominican Republic, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, The Gambia,
Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, India, Jordan, Libya,
Malaysia, Montenegro, Mozambique, Niger, Panama, Republic of the
Congo, Russia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan,
Venezuela, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Tier 3: Algeria, Burma, Cuba, Fiji, Iran, Kuwait, Moldova, North
Korea, Oman, Papua New Guinea, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria
(2008)
Zambia
current situation: Zambia is a source, transit, and
destination country for women and children trafficked for the
purposes of forced labor and sexual exploitation; many Zambian child
laborers, particularly those in the agriculture, domestic service,
and fishing sectors, are also victims of human trafficking; Zambian
women, lured by false employment or marriage offers abroad, are
trafficked to South Africa via Zimbabwe and to Europe via Malawi for
sexual exploitation; Zambia is a transit point for regional
trafficking of women and children, particularly from Angola to
Namibia and from the Democratic Republic of the Congo to South
Africa for agricultural labor
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Zambia is on the Tier 2 Watch List
for failing to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat
severe forms of trafficking, particularly in regard to its inability
to bring alleged traffickers to justice through prosecutions and
convictions; unlike 2006, there were no new prosecutions or
convictions of alleged traffickers in 2007; government efforts to
protect victims of trafficking remained extremely limited throughout
the year (2008)
Zimbabwe
current situation: Zimbabwe is a source, transit, and
destination country for men, women, and children trafficked for the
purposes of forced labor and sexual exploitation; large scale
migration of Zimbabweans to surrounding countries - as they flee a
progressively more desperate situation at home - has increased;
rural Zimbabwean men, women, and children are trafficked internally
to farms for agricultural labor and domestic servitude and to cities
for domestic labor and commercial sexual exploitation; young men and
boys are trafficked to South Africa for farm work, often laboring
for months in South Africa without pay before "employers" have them
arrested and deported as illegal immigrants; young women and girls
are lured abroad with false employment offers that result in
involuntary domestic servitude or commercial sexual exploitation;
men, women, and children from neighboring states are trafficked
through Zimbabwe en route to South Africa
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Zimbabwe is on the Tier 2 Watch
List for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to
combat severe forms of human trafficking, and because the absolute
number of victims of severe forms of trafficking is significantly
increasing; the trafficking situation in the country is worsening as
more of the population is made vulnerable by declining
socio-economic conditions (2008)
======================================================================
@2198
Field Listing :: Stock of direct foreign investment - at home
This entry gives the cumulative US dollar value of all investments
in the home country made directly by residents - primarily companies
- of other countries as of the end of the time period indicated.
Direct investment excludes investment through purchase of shares.
Country Comparison to the World
Country
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home
Algeria
$13.76 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$11.91 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Angola
$16.36 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$14.51 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Argentina
$73.98 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$66 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Australia
$366.5 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$337.5 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Austria
$261.9 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$247.9 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Azerbaijan
$7.844 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$7.829 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Bahrain
$15.01 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$13.31 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Bangladesh
$5.971 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$5.261 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Belgium
$821 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$747.5 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Bermuda
$15.01 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
Bolivia
$5.998 billion (31 December 2008)
Brazil
$294 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$248.9 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Bulgaria
$42.91 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$33.91 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Canada
$433.4 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$506.9 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Cayman Islands
$NA
Chad
$4.5 billion (2006 est.)
Chile
$108.3 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$91.49 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
China
$758.9 billion (2007 est.)
Colombia
$67.23 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$56.45 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Costa Rica
$18.96 billion (31 December 2008)
$8.803 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire
$NA
Croatia
$27.17 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$23.17 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Cuba
$11.24 billion (2006 est.)
Cyprus
$15.69 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$13.83 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Czech Republic
$111.9 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$101.1 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Denmark
$142.7 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$131.3 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Dominican Republic
$15.59 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$12.71 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Ecuador
$16.99 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$16.31 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Egypt
$59.13 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$49.23 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
El Salvador
$6.702 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$5.918 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Estonia
$18.62 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$16.59 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Fiji
$6.702 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
Finland
$84.44 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$88.69 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
France
$1.147 trillion (31 December 2008 est.)
$1.026 trillion (31 December 2007 est.)
Germany
$1.027 trillion (31 December 2008 est.)
$1.002 trillion (31 December 2007 est.)
Ghana
$NA
Greece
$36.7 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$53.22 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Hong Kong
$1.241 trillion (31 December 2008 est.)
$1.178 trillion (31 December 2007 est.)
Hungary
$237.1 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$164.7 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Iceland
$NA
India
$144.2 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$103.1 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Indonesia
$67.3 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$58.96 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Iran
$6.954 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$6.054 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Ireland
$179 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
Israel
$56.93 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$55.7 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Italy
$376.6 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$364.8 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Japan
$135.4 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$110.8 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Jordan
$16.5 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$14.55 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Kazakhstan
$55.63 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$41.08 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Kenya
$2.541 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$1.891 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Korea, South
$124.2 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$122 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Kuwait
$1.22 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$942 million (31 December 2007 est.)
Kyrgyzstan
$16.5 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
Latvia
$11.21 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$9.779 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Lebanon
$NA
Liberia
$124.2 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
Libya
$11.23 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$8.775 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Lithuania
$12.85 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$15.06 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Luxembourg
$11.21 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
Macau
$7.9 billion (2007)
$6.5 billion (2006)
Macedonia
$2.405 billion (2007 est.)
Madagascar
$NA
Malawi
$11.23 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
Malaysia
$83.35 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$76.75 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Malta
$NA
Mauritius
$NA
Mexico
$289.8 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$267.8 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Moldova
$1.813 billion (2008)
Mongolia
$NA
Morocco
$40.92 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
Namibia
$NA
Nepal
$NA
Netherlands
$644.6 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$724.1 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Netherlands Antilles
$NA
New Zealand
$72.92 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$70.94 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Nigeria
$68.84 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$58.84 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Norway
$91.49 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$93.69 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Oman
$NA
Pakistan
$25.44 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$20.01 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Panama
$NA
Papua New Guinea
$NA
Paraguay
$2.057 million (2007)
Peru
$30.31 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$24.74 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Philippines
$21.4 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$19.88 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Poland
$161.4 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$176.1 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Portugal
$117.8 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$114.2 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Qatar
$3.627 billion (2008 est.)
$2.601 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Romania
$72.61 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$62.86 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Russia
$491.2 billion (2007)
$271.6 billion (2006)
Saudi Arabia
$108.5 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$92 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Serbia
$11.95 billion (2006 est.)
Singapore
$250.2 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$232.8 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Slovakia
$44.12 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$40.7 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Slovenia
$11.96 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$10.41 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
South Africa
$120 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$110.4 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Spain
$636.5 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$570.7 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Sri Lanka
$250.2 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
Swaziland
$NA
Sweden
$290.4 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$252.3 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Switzerland
$405.1 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$365.8 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Taiwan
$102.3 billion (2008)
$52.65 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Tajikistan
$102 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$94.76 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Tanzania
$NA
Thailand
$80.83 billion (2007 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago
$102 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$12.44 billion (2007)
Tunisia
$28.67 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$26.22 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Turkey
$128.7 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$110.5 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Uganda
$NA
Ukraine
$41.77 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$31.08 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
United Arab Emirates
$62.69 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$51.54 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
United Kingdom
$1.445 trillion (31 December 2008 est.)
$1.348 trillion (31 December 2007 est.)
United States
$2.367 trillion (31 December 2008 est.)
$2.093 trillion (31 December 2007 est.)
Uruguay
$4.19 billion (2007)
Uzbekistan
$NA
Venezuela
$41.38 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$43.96 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Vietnam
$40.34 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$32.74 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
World
$16.65 trillion (31 December 2008 est.)
$14.77 trillion (31 December 2007 est.)
Zambia
$40.34 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
Zimbabwe
$NA
======================================================================
@2199
Field Listing :: Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad
This entry gives the cumulative US dollar value of all investments
in foreign countries made directly by residents - primarily
companies - of the home country, as of the end of the time period
indicated. Direct investment excludes investment through purchase of
shares.
Country Comparison to the World
Country
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad
Algeria
$1.162 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$962 million (31 December 2007 est.)
Angola
$2.477 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
Argentina
$28.75 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$26.92 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Australia
$197.2 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$290.4 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Austria
$270 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$240.9 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Azerbaijan
$5.232 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$4.677 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Bahrain
$9.34 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$7.72 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Bangladesh
$97 million (31 December 2008 est.)
Belgium
$661.9 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$593 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Bermuda
$NA
Bolivia
$NA