Action Party or PA [Mohammed EL IDRISSI]; Al Ahd (The
Covenant) Party [Najib EL OUAZZANI]; Alliance des Libert'es
(Alliance of Liberty) or ADL [Ali BELHAJ]; An-Nahj Ad-Dimocrati or
An-Nahj [Abdellah EL HARIF]; Authenticity and Modernity Party or PAM
[Mohamed Cheikh BIADILLAH, Secretary General]; Choura et Istiqlal
(Consultation and Independence) Party or PCI [Abdelwahed MAACH];
Citizens' Forces or FC [Abderrahman LAHJOUJI]; Citizenship and
Development Initiative or ICD [Mohamed BENHAMOU]; Constitutional
Union Party or UC [Mohammed ABIED]; Democratic and Social Movement
or MDS [Mahmoud ARCHANE]; Democratic Forces Front or FFD [Touhami EL
KHIARI]; Democratic Socialist Vanguard Party or PADS [Ahmed
BENJELLOUN]; Democratic Society Party or PSD [Zhor CHEKKAFI];
Democratic Union or UD [Bouazza IKKEN]; Environment and Development
Party or PED [Ahmed EL ALAMI]; Istiqlal (Independence) Party or PI
[Abbas EL FASSI]; Justice and Development Party or PJD [Abdelilah
BENKIRANE]; Labor Party or PT [Abdelkrim BENATIK]; Moroccan Liberal
Party or PML [Mohamed ZIANE]; National Democratic Party or PND
[Abdallah KADIRI]; National Ittihadi Congress Party or CNI
[Abdelmajid BOUZOUBAA]; National Popular Movement or MNP [Mahjoubi
AHERDANE]; National Rally of Independents or RNI [Mustapha EL
MANSOURI]; National Union of Popular Forces or UNFP [Abdellah
IBRAHIM]; Popular Movement or MP [Mohamed LAENSER]; Progress and
Socialism Party or PPS [Ismail ALAOUI]; Reform and Development Party
or PRD [Abderrahmane EL KOUHEN]; Renaissance and Virtue Party or PRV
[Mohamed KHALIDI]; Renewal and Equity Party or PRE [Chakir ACHABAR];
Social Center Party or PSC [Lahcen MADIH]; Socialist Democratic
Party or PSD [Aissa OUARDIGHI]; Socialist Union of Popular Forces or
USFP [Abdelwahed RADI]; Unified Socialist Left Party or PGSU
[Mohamed Ben Said AIT IDDER]
Mozambique
Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frente de
Liberatacao de Mocambique) or FRELIMO [Armando Emilio GUEBUZA];
Mozambique National Resistance (Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana) or
RENAMO [Afonso DHLAKAMA]
Namibia
All People's Party or APP [Ignatius SHIXWAMENI]; Congress of
Democrats or COD [Ben ULENGA]; Democratic Turnhalle Alliance of
Namibia or DTA [Katuutire KAURA]; Monitor Action Group or MAG [Jurie
VILJOEN]; National Democratic Movement for Change or NamDMC;
National Unity Democratic Organization or NUDO [Kuaima RIRUAKO];
Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Hidipo HAMUTENYA];
Republican Party or RP [Henk MUDGE]; South West Africa National
Union or SWANU [Usutuaije MAAMBERUA]; South West Africa People's
Organization or SWAPO [Hifikepunye POHAMBA]; United Democratic Front
or UDF [Justus GAROEB]
Nauru
Democratic Party [Kennan ADEANG]; Nauru Party (informal);
Nauru First (Naoero Amo) Party; note - loose multiparty system
Nepal
Chure Bhawar Rastriya Ekata Party [Keshav Prasad MAINALI];
Communist Party of Nepal (ML) [C.P. MAINALI]; Communist Party of
Nepal (Unified) [Raj Singh SHRIS]; Communist Party of Nepal (United)
[Ganesh SHAH]; Communist Party of Nepal/United Marxist-Leninist or
CPN/UML [Jhalanath KHANAL]; Dalit Janajati Party [Vishwendraman
PASHWAN]; Madhesi People's Rights Forum [Upendra YADAV]; National
Democratic Party or NDP [Pashupati Shumsher RANA] (also called
Rastriya Prajatantra Party or RPP); Nepal Loktantrik Samajbadi Dal
[Upendra GACHCHHADAR]; Nepal Pariwar Dal [Vinod DANGI]; Nepal
Rastriya Party [Khushilal YADAV]; Nepal Sadbhavana Party (Anandi
Devi) [Shyam Sundar GUPTA]; Nepal Workers and Peasants Party or NWPP
[Narayan Man BIJUKCHHE]; Nepali Congress or NC [Girija Prasad
KOIRALA]; Nepali Janata Dal [Bharat Prasad MAHATO]; Rastriya
Janamorcha [Chitra BAHADUR K.C.]; Rastriya Janamukti Party [Malwar
Singh THAPA]; Rastriya Janashakti Party or RJP [Surya Bahadur
THAPA]; Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal [Kamal THAPA]; Sadbhavana
Party (Mahato) [Rajendra MAHATO]; Samajbadi Prajatantrik Janata
Party Nepal [Prem Bahadur SINGH]; Sanghiya Loktantrik Rastriya Manch
[Kamal CHHARAHANG]; Terai-Madhes Democratic Party [Mahantha THAKUR];
United Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) [Pushpa Kamal DAHAL, also
known as PRACHANDA, chairman]
Netherlands
Christian Democratic Appeal or CDA [Pieter VAN GEEL];
Christian Union Party [Arie SLOB]; Democrats 66 or D66 [Alexander
PECHTOLD]; Green Left Party [Femke HALSEMA]; Labor Party or PvdA
[Mariette HAMER]; Party for Freedom or PVV [Geert WILDERS]; Party
for the Animals or PvdD [Marianne THIEME]; People's Party for
Freedom and Democracy (Liberal) or VVD [Mark RUTTE]; Reformed
Political Party of SGP [Bas VAN DER VLIES]; Socialist Party [Agnes
KANT]; plus a few minor parties
Netherlands Antilles
Bonaire: Democratic Party of Bonaire or PDB
[Jopi ABRAHAM]; Patriotic Union of Bonaire or UPB [Ramonsito BOOI]
Curacao: Ban Vota [Norbert GEORGE]; C-93 [Stanley BROWN]; Democratic
Party of Curacao or DP [Errol HERNANDEZ]; E Mayoria [Aurelio PEDRO];
Forsa Korsou [Nelson NAVARRO]; Liste Ni'un Paso Atras [Nelson
PIERRE]; Movemiento Patriotiko Korsou [Reginald LAK]; New Antilles
Movement or MAN [Charles COOPER]; Partido Akshon Pa Prosperidat I
Seguridat [Sonja BERKEMEYER]; Partido Laboral Krusada Popular or
PLKP [Errol COVA]; Party for the Restructured Antilles or PAR [Emily
de JONGH-ELHAGE]; People's National Party or PNP [Ersilia DE
LANNOOY]; Pidjin [Jasmin PINEDO]; Pueblo Soberano [Herman WIELS];
Workers' Liberation Front or FOL [Anthony GODETT]
Saba: Saba Labor Party [Akilah LEVENSTONE]; Windward Islands
People's Movement or WIPM [Ray HASSELL]
Sint Eustatius: Democratic Party of Sint Eustatius or DP-St. E
[Julian WOODLEY]; Progressive Labor Party [Clyde VAN PUTTEN]; St.
Eustatius Alliance [Ingrid HOUTMAN-WHITFIELD]
Sint Maarten: Democratic Party of Sint Maarten or DP-St. M [Sarah
WESCOTT-WILLIAMS]; Freedom Slate of National Democratic Party
[Theophilus PRIEST]; National Alliance or NA [William MARLIN];
People's Progressive Alliance or PPA [Gracita ARRINDELL]; St.
Maarten People's Party [Johan LEONARD]; United People's Labor Party
[Bienvenido RICHARDSON]
note: political parties are indigenous to each island
New Caledonia
Alliance pour la Caledonie or APLC [Didier LE ROUX];
Caledonia Together [Philippe GOMES]; Caledonian Union or UC [Charles
PIDJOT]; Federation des Comites de Coordination des Independantistes
or FCCI [Francois BURCK]; Front National or FN [Jean-Marie LE PEN];
Front Uni de Liberation Kanak or FULK [Ernest UNE]; Labor Party or
PT [Louis Kora UREGEI]; Kanak Socialist Front for National
Liberation or FLNKS (includes PALIKA, UNI, UC, and UPM); Parti de
Liberation Kanak or PALIKA [Paul NEAOUTYINE]; Rally for Caledonia or
RPC [Jacques LAFLEUR]; The Future Together or AE [Didier LEROUX];
The Rally or UMP [Pierre FROGIER]; Union Nationale pour
l'Independance or UNI; Union Progressiste Melanesienne or UPM
[Victor TUTUGORO]
New Zealand
ACT New Zealand [Rodney HIDE]; Green Party [Jeanette
FITZSIMONS]; Maori Party [Tariana TURIA and Pita SHARPLES]; National
Party or NP [John KEY]; New Zealand First Party or NZ First [Winston
PETERS]; New Zealand Labor Party or NZLP [Phil GOFF]; Progressive
Party [James (Jim) ANDERTON]; United Future or UF [Peter DUNNE]
Nicaragua
Conservative Party or PC [Azalia AVILES Salmeron]; Liberal
Constitutionalist Party or PLC [Jorge CASTILLO Quant]; Nicaraguan
Democratic Bloc or BDN [Eduardo MONTEALEGRE]; Nicaraguan Liberal
Alliance or ALN [Eliseo NUNEZ Sr.]; Sandinista National Liberation
Front or FSLN [Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra]; Sandinista Renovation
Movement or MRS [Enrique SAENZ Navarrete]
Niger
Alkalama; Democratic and Social Convention-Rahama or
CDS-Rahama [Mahamane OUSMANE]; National Movement for a Developing
Society-Nassara or MNSD-Nassara [Hama AMADOU]; Niger Social
Democratic Party or PSDN; Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and Social
Progress-Zaman Lahiya or ANDP-Zaman Lahiya [Moumouni DJERMAKOYE];
Nigerien Party for Autonomy or PNA-Alouma [Sanousi JACKOU]; Nigerien
Party for Democracy and Socialism or PNDS-Tarrayya [Issifou
MAHAMADOU]; Nigerien Party of the Masses for Labor; Nigerien
Progressive Party or PPN-RDA; Rally for Democracy and Progress or
RDP-jama'a [Hamid ALGABID]; Social and Democratic Rally or
RSD-Gaskiyya [Cheiffou AMADOU]
Nigeria
Accord Party [Ikra Aliyu BILBIS]; Action Congress or AC
[Hassan ZUMI]; Alliance for Democracy or AD [Mojisoluwa AKINFENWA];
All Nigeria Peoples' Party or ANPP [Edwin UME-EZEOKE]; All
Progressives Grand Alliance or APGA [Victor C. UMEH]; Democratic
People's Party or DPP [Jeremiah USENI]; Fresh Democratic Party
[Chris OKOTIE]; Labor Party [Dan NWANYANWU]; Movement for the
Restoration and Defense of Democracy or MRDD [Mohammed Gambo
JIMETA]; National Democratic Party or NDP [Aliyu Habu FARI]; Peoples
Democratic Party or PDP [Vincent OGBULAFOR]; Peoples Progressive
Alliance [Clement EBRI]; Peoples Redemption Party or PRP [Abdulkadir
Balarabe MUSA]; Peoples Salvation Party or PSP [Lawal MAITURARE];
United Nigeria Peoples Party or UNPP [Mallam Selah JAMBO]
Niue
Alliance of Independents or AI; Niue People's Action Party or
NPP [Young VIVIAN]
Norfolk Island
none
Northern Mariana Islands
Covenant Party [Benigno R. FITIAL];
Democratic Party [Dr. Carlos S. CAMACHO]; Republican Party [Juan S.
REYES]
Norway
Center Party [Liv Signe NAVARSETE]; Christian People's Party
[Dagfinn HOYBRATEN]; Conservative Party [Erna SOLBERG]; Labor Party
[Jens STOLTENBERG]; Liberal Party [Lars SPONHEIM]; Progress Party
[Siv JENSEN]; Socialist Left Party [Kristin HALVORSEN]
Oman
none
Pakistan
Awami National Party or ANP [Asfandyar Wali KHAN];
Balochistan National Party-Hayee Group or BNP-H [Dr. Hayee BALOCH];
Balochistan National Party-Awami or BNP-A [Moheem Khan BALOCH];
Balochistan National Party-Mengal or BNP-M [Sardar Ataullah MENGAL];
Jamhoori Watan Party or JWP; Jamiat Ahle Hadith or JAH [Sajid MIR];
Jamaat-i Islami or JI [Qazi Hussain AHMED]; Jamiat Ulema-i Islam
Fazlur Rehman or JUI-F [Fazlur REHMAN]; Jamiat Ulema-i Islam Sami-ul
HAQ or JUI-S [Sami ul-HAQ]; Jamiat Ulema-i Pakistan or JUP [Shah
Faridul HAQ]; Muttahida Majlis-e Amal or MMA [Qazi Hussain AHMED];
Muttahida Qaumi Movement or MQM [Altaf HUSSAIN]; National Alliance
or NA [Ghulam Mustapha JATOI] (merged with PML); National Peoples
Party or NPP; Pakhtun Khwa Milli Awami Party or PKMAP [Mahmood Khan
ACHAKZAI]; Pakistan Awami Tehrik or PAT [Tahir ul QADRI]; Pakistan
Muslim League-Functional or PML-F [Pir PAGARO]; Pakistan Muslim
League-Nawaz Sharif or PML-N [Nawaz SHARIF]; Pakistan Muslim League
or PML [Chaudhry Shujaat HUSSAIN]; Pakistan Peoples Party-SHERPAO or
PPP-S [Aftab Ahmed Khan SHERPAO]; Pakistan Peoples Party
Parliamentarians or PPPP [Bilawal Bhutto ZARDARI, chairman; Asif Ali
ZARDARI, co-chairman]; Pakistan Tehrik-e Insaaf or PTI [Imran KHAN];
Tehrik-i Islami [Allama Sajid NAQVI]
note: political alliances in Pakistan can shift frequently
Palau
none
Panama
Democratic Change or CD [Ricardo MARTINELLI]; Democratic
Revolutionary Party or PRD [Martin TORRIJOS Espino]; Nationalist
Republican Liberal Movement or MOLIRENA [Sergio GONZALEZ-Ruiz];
Panamenista Party [Juan Carlos VARELA] (formerly the Arnulfista
Party); Patriotic Union Party or UP (combination of the Liberal
National Party or PLN and the Solidarity Party or PS)[Guillermo
"Billy" FORD and Anibal GALINDO]; Popular Party or PP [Rene ORILLAC]
(formerly Christian Democratic Party or PDC)
Papua New Guinea
National Alliance Party or NA [Michael SOMARE];
Papua and Niugini Union Party or PANGU PATI [Andrew KUMBAKOR]; Papua
New Guinea Party or PNGP [Sir Mekere MORAUTA]; People's Democratic
Movement or PDM [Michael OGIO]; People's Action Party or PAP
[Gabriel KAPRIS]; United Resources Party or URP [William DUMA] (2007)
Paraguay
Alianza Patriotica por el Cambio (Patriotic Alliance for
Change) or APC [Fernando LUGO]; Asociacion Nacional Republicana -
Colorado Party or ANR [Lilian SAMANIEGO]; Movimiento Union Nacional
de Ciudadanos Eticos or UNACE [Lino Cesar OVIEDO Silva]; Patria
Querida (Beloved Fatherland Party) or PPQ [Pedro Nicolas Maraa FADUL
Niella]; Partido del Movimiento al Socialismo or P-MAS; Partido
Encuentro Nacional or PEN [Emilio CAMACHO Paredes]; Partido Liberal
Radical Autentico or PLRA [Gustavo CARDOZO]; Partido Pais Solidario
or PPS [Carlos Alberto FILIZZOLA Pallares]
Peru
Alliance For Progress (Alianza Para El Progreso) [Cesar ACUNA
Peralta]; Alliance For The Future (Alianza Por El Futuro) or AF (a
coalition of pro-FUJIMORI parties including Cambio 90, Nueva
Mayoria, and Si Cumple); Central Front (Frente Del Centro) or FC (a
coalition of Accion Popular, Somos Peru, and Coordinadora Nacional
de Independientes) [Victor Andres GARCIA Belaunde]; National
Renovation Party (Partido Renovacion Nacional) [Rafael REY];
National Restoration Party (Restauracion Nacional) or RN [Humberto
LAY Sun]; National Solidarity Party (Partido Solidaridad Nacional)
or SN [Luis CASTANEDA Lossio]; Peru Possible (Peru Posible) or PP
[Alejandro TOLEDO Manrique]; Peruvian Aprista Party (Partido Aprista
Peruano) or PAP [Alan GARCIA Perez] (also referred to by its
original name Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana or APRA);
Peruvian Nationalist Party (Partido Nacionalista Peruano) or PNP
[Ollanta HUMALA Tasso]; Popular Christian Party (Partido Popular
Cristiano) or PPC [Lourdes FLORES Nano]; Union for Peru (Union por
el Peru) or UPP [Aldo ESTRADA Choque]
Philippines
Kabalikat ng Malayang Pilipino or Kampi [Luis
VILLAFUERTE]; Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino (Struggle of Filipino
Democrats) or LDP [Edgardo ANGARA]; Lakas ng EDSA-Christian Muslim
Democrats or Lakas-CMD [Prospero NOGRALES]; Liberal Party or LP
[Manuel ROXAS]; Nacionalista Party or NP [Manuel VILLAR];
Nationalist People's Coalition or NPC [Frisco SAN JUAN]; PDP-Laban
[Aquilino PIMENTEL]; People's Reform Party [Miriam Defensor
SANTIAGO]; Puwersa ng Masang Pilipino (Force of the Philippine
Masses) or PMP [Joseph ESTRADA]; United Opposition or UNO [Jejomar
BINAY]
note: Lakas-CMD and Kampi merged on 29 May 2009 to form Lakas-Kampi
CMD
Pitcairn Islands
none
Poland
Civic Platform or PO [chairman Donald TUSK; parliamentary
caucus leader Grzegorz SCHETYNA]; Democratic Caucus of the
Democratic Party (SD) or DKP SD [parliamentary caucus leader Bogdan
LIS]; Democratic Left Alliance or SLD [chairman Grzegorz
NAPIERALSKI]; Democratic Party or PD [chairwoman Brygida KUZNIAK];
Democratic Party or SD [chairman Pawel PISKORSKI]; German Minority
of Lower Silesia or MNSO [representative Henryk KROLL]; Law and
Justice or PiS [chairman Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI; parliamentary caucus
leader Przemyslaw GOSIEWSKI]; League of Polish Families or LPR
[acting chairman Arnold MASIN]; Left (Democratic Left Alliance and
independents) [parliamentary caucus leader Grzegorz NAPIERALSKI];
Polish People's Party or PSL [chairman Waldemar PAWLAK;
parliamentary caucus leader Stanislaw ZELICHOWSKI]; Polska XXI
(political grouping of former PiS members; not officially
registered) [chairman Jaroslaw SELLIN; parliamentary caucus leader
Kazimierz Michal UJAZDOWSKI]; Samoobrona or SO [chairman Andrzej
LEPPER]; Social Democratic Party of Poland or SDPL [chairman
Wojciech FILEMONOWICZ]; Social Democratic Party of Poland-New Left
(SDPL-New Left) [parliamentary caucus leader Marek BOROWSKI]; Union
of Labor or UP [chairman Waldemar WITKOWSKI]
Portugal
Democratic and Social Center/Popular Party or CDS/PP [Paulo
PORTAS]; Green Ecologist Party (The Greens) or PEV [leadership
commission elected by members]; Portuguese Communist Party or PCP
[Jeronimo DE SOUSA]; Portuguese Socialist Party or PS [Jose SOCRATES
Carvalho Pinto de Sousa]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Manuela
FERREIRA LEITE]; The Left Bloc or BE [Franciso Anacleto LOUCA];
Unitarian Democratic Coalition or CDU [Jeronimo DE SOUSA] (includes
PCP and PEV)
Puerto Rico
National Democratic Party [Roberto PRATS]; National
Republican Party of Puerto Rico [Dr. Tiody FERRE]; New Progressive
Party or PNP [Pedro ROSSELLO] (pro-US statehood); Popular Democratic
Party or PPD [Anibal ACEVEDO-VILA] (pro-commonwealth); Puerto Rican
Independence Party or PIP [Ruben BERRIOS Martinez] (pro-independence)
Qatar
none
Romania
Conservative Party or PC [Daniela POPA] (formerly Humanist
Party or PUR); Democratic Liberal Party or PDL [Emil BOC];
Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania or UDMR [Bela MARKO];
National Liberal Party or PNL [Calin Popescu-TARICEANU]; Social
Democratic Party or PSD [Mircea Dan GEOANA] (formerly Party of
Social Democracy in Romania or PDSR)
Russia
A Just Russia [Sergey MIRONOV]; Communist Party of the
Russian Federation or CPRF [Gennadiy Andreyevich ZYUGANOV]; Liberal
Democratic Party of Russia or LDPR [Vladimir Volfovich
ZHIRINOVSKIY]; Patriots of Russia [Gennadiy SEMIGIN]; People's Union
[Sergey BABURIN]; Right Cause [Leonid Yakovlevich GOZMAN, Boris
Yuriyevich TITOV, and Georgiy Georgiyevich BOVT] (registration
pending; formed from merger of Union of Right Forces, Democratic
Party of Russia, and Civic Force); United Russia [Vladimir
Vladimirovich PUTIN]; Yabloko Party [Sergey Sergeyevich MITROKHIN]
Rwanda
Centrist Democratic Party or PDC [Alfred MUKEZAMFURA];
Democratic Popular Union of Rwanda or UDPR [Adrien RANGIRA];
Democratic Republican Movement or MDR [Celestin KABANDA] (officially
banned); Islamic Democratic Party or PDI [Andre BUMAYA]; Liberal
Party or PL [Protais MITALI]; Party for Democratic Renewal
(officially banned); Rwandan Patriotic Front or RPF [Paul KAGAME];
Social Democratic Party or PSD [Vincent BIRUTA]
Saint Barthelemy
Action-Equilibre-Transparence [Maxime DESOUCHES];
Ensemble pour Saint-Barthelemy [Benoit CHAUVIN]; Saint-Barth
d'Abord! or SBA [Bruno MAGRAS]; Tous Unis pour Saint-Barthelemy
[Karine MIOT-RICHARD]
Saint Helena
none
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Concerned Citizens Movement or CCM [Vance
AMORY]; Nevis Reformation Party or NRP [Joseph PARRY]; People's
Action Movement or PAM [Lindsay GRANT]; Saint Kitts and Nevis Labor
Party or SKNLP [Dr. Denzil DOUGLAS]
Saint Lucia
National Alliance or NA [George ODLUM]; Saint Lucia
Freedom Party or SFP [Martinus FRANCOIS]; Saint Lucia Labor Party or
SLP [Kenneth ANTHONY]; Sou Tout Apwe Fete Fini or STAFF [Christopher
HUNTE]; United Workers Party or UWP [Stephenson KING]
Saint Martin
Union Pour le Progres or UPP [Louis-Constant FLEMING];
Rassemblement Responsabilite Reussite or RRR [Alain RICHARDSON];
Reussir Saint-Martin [Jean-Luc HAMLET]
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Archipelago Tomorrow or AD affiliated with
UDF/RPR list; Cap sur l'Avenir affiliated with PRG; Left Radical
Party or PRG; Rassemblement pour la Republique or RPR (now UMP);
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 2000/Avenir Miquelon or SPM 2000/AM;
Socialist Party or PS; Union pour la Democratie Francaise or UDF
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
New Democratic Party or NDP [Arnhim
EUSTACE]; Unity Labor Party or ULP [Ralph GONSALVES] (formed by the
coalition of Saint Vincent Labor Party or SVLP and the Movement for
National Unity or MNU)
Samoa
Human Rights Protection Party or HRPP [Sailele Malielegaoi
TUILA'EPA]; Samoa Christian Party or TCP [Tuala Tiresa MALIETOA];
Samoa Democratic United Party or SDUP [LE MAMEA Ropati]; Samoa Party
or SP [Su'a Rimoni Ah CHONG]; Samoa Progressive Political Party or
SPPP [Toeolesulusulu SIUEVA]
San Marino
Christian Democrats or PDCS [Pasquale VALENTINI];
Communist Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI]; Democrats of the Center
or DdC [Giovanni LONGERNINI]; Freedom List (including NPS and We
Sammarinesi or NS [Gabriele GATTEI]; New Socialist Party or NPS
[Augusto CASALI]; Party of Socialists and Democrats or PDS [Paride
ANDREOLI]; Popular Alliance or AP [Carlo FRANCIOSI]; Union of
Moderates (including National Alliance or ANS [Glcuco SANSOVINI] and
San Marino Populars or pop [Romeo MORRI and Angela VENTURINI];
United Left of SU [Alessandro ROSSI]
Sao Tome and Principe
Force for Change Democratic Movement or MDFM
[Tome Soares da VERA CRUZ]; Independent Democratic Action or ADI
[[Patrice TROVOADA]; Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and
Principe-Social Democratic Party or MLSTP-PSD [Rafael BRANCO]; New
Way Movement or NR; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Delfim
NEVES]; Ue-Kedadji coalition; other small parties
Saudi Arabia
none
Senegal
African Party of Independence [Majhemout DIOP]; Alliance for
the Republic-Yakaar [Macky Sall]; And-Jef/African Party for
Democracy and Socialism or AJ/PADS [Landing SAVANE]; Alliance of
Forces of Progress or AFP [Moustapha NIASSE]; Democratic
League-Labor Party Movement or LD-MPT [Dr. Abdoulaye BATHILY]; Front
for Socialism and Democracy/Benno Jubel or FSD/BJ [Cheikh Abdoulaye
Bamba DIEYE]; Gainde Centrist Bloc or BGC [Jean-Paul DIAS];
Independence and Labor Party or PIT [Amath DANSOKHO]; Jef-Jel [Talla
SYLLA]; National Democratic Rally or RND [Madior DIOUF]; People's
Labor Party or PTP [El Hadji DIOUF]; Reform Party or PR [Abdourahim
AGNE]; Rewmi Party [Idrissa Seck]; Senegalese Democratic Party or
PDS [Abdoulaye WADE]; Socialist Party or PS [Ousmane Tanor DIENG];
SOPI Coalition [Abdoulaye WADE] (a coalition led by the PDS); Union
for Democratic Renewal or URD [Djibo Leyti KA]
Serbia
Coalition of Albanians of the Presevo Valley or KAPD [Riza
HALIMI]; Coalition for Sandzak or KZS [Sulejman UGLJANIN];
Democratic Party of Albanians or PDSh [Ragmi MUSTAFA]; Democratic
Party of Serbia or DSS [Vojislav KOSTUNICA]; Democratic Party or DS
[Boris TADIC]; Democratic Union of the Valley or BDL [Skender
DESTANI]; For a European Serbia [Boris TADIC]; Force of Serbia
Movement or PSS [Bogoljub KARIC]; G17 Plus [Mladjan DINKIC]; League
of Vojvodina Hungarians or SVM [Istvan PASTOR]; Liberal Democratic
Party or LDP [Cedomir JOVANOVIC]; Movement for Democratic Progress
or LPD [Jonuz MUSLIU]; New Serbia or NS [Velimir ILIC]; Party of
Democratic Action or PVD [Riza HALIMI]; People's Party or NS [Maja
GOJKOVIC]; Roma Party or RP [Srdjan SAJN]; Serbian Progressive Party
or SNS [Tomislav NIKOLIC]; Serbian Radical Party or SRS [Vojislav
SESELJ (currently on trial at The Hague), with Dragan TODOROVIC as
acting leader]; Socialist Party of Serbia or SPS [Ivica DACIC];
Union of Roma of Serbia or URS [Rajko DJURIC]
Seychelles
Democratic Party or DP [James MANCHAM, Paul CHOW];
Seychelles National Party or SNP [Wavel RAMKALAWAN] (formerly the
United Opposition or UO); People's Party (Parti Lepep) or PL [France
Albert RENE, James MICHEL] (the governing party)
Sierra Leone
All People's Congress or APC [Ernest Bai KOROMA]; Peace
and Liberation Party or PLP [Darlington MORRISON]; People's Movement
for Democratic Change or PMDC [Charles MARGAI]; Sierra Leone
People's Party or SLPP [Solomon BEREWA]; numerous others
Singapore
People's Action Party or PAP [LEE Hsien Loong]; Reform
Party [NG Teck Siong]; Singapore Democratic Alliance or SDA [CHIAM
See Tong]; Singapore Democratic Party or SDP [CHEE Soon Juan];
Workers' Party or WP [Sylvia LIM Swee Lian]
note: SDA includes Singapore Justice Party or SJP, Singapore
National Malay Organization or PKMS, Singapore People's Party or SPP