Democratic National Party or PND [ADEN Robleh Awaleh];
Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Abdillahi HAMARITEH]; Djibouti
Development Party or PDD [Mohamed Daoud CHEHEM]; Front pour la
Restauration de l'Unite Democratique or FRUD [Ali Mohamed DAOUD];
People's Progress Assembly or RPP [Ismail Omar GUELLEH] (governing
party); Peoples Social Democratic Party or PPSD [Moumin Bahdon
FARAH]; Republican Alliance for Democracy or ARD [Ahmed YOUSSOUF];
Union for a Presidential Majority or UMP (a coalition of parties
including RPP, FRUD, PND, and PPSD) [Mohamed Dileita DILEITA]; Union
for Democracy and Justice or UDJ
Dominica
Dominica Freedom Party or DFP [Charles SAVARIN]; Dominica
Labor Party or DLP [Roosevelt SKERRIT]; Dominica United Workers
Party or UWP [Earl WILLIAMS]
Dominican Republic
Dominican Liberation Party or PLD [Leonel
FERNANDEZ Reyna]; Dominican Revolutionary Party or PRD [Ramon
ALBURQUERQUE]; National Progressive Front [Vincent CASTILLO,
Pelegrin CASTILLO]; Social Christian Reformist Party or PRSC
[Enrique ANTUN]
Ecuador
Alianza PAIS Movement [Rafael Vicente CORREA Delgado];
Christian Democratic Union or UDC [Diego ORDONEZ Guerrero];
Democratic Left or ID [Andres PAEZ Benalcazar]; Ethical and
Democratic Network or RED [Leon ROLDOS]; Institutional Renewal and
National Action Party or PRIAN [Alvaro NOBOA]; Pachakutik
Plurinational Unity Movement - New Country or MUPP-NP [Jorge
GUAMAN]; Patriotic Society Party or PSP [Lucio GUTIERREZ Borbua];
Popular Democratic Movement or MPD [Ciro GUZMAN Aldaz]; Roldosist
Party or PRE [Abdala BUCARAM Ortiz, director]; Social Christian
Party or PSC [Pascual DEL CIOPPO]; Socialist Party - Broad Front or
PS-FA [Gustavo AYALA Cruz]
Egypt
National Democratic Party or NDP (governing party) [Mohamed
Hosni MUBARAK]; National Progressive Unionist Grouping or Tagammu
[Rifaat EL-SAID]; New Wafd Party or NWP [Mahmoud ABAZA]; Tomorrow
Party [Moussa Mustafa MOUSSA]
note: formation of political parties must be approved by the
government; only parties with representation in elected bodies are
listed
El Salvador
Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Rodolfo PARKER];
Democratic Convergence or CD [Hector DADA HIREZI] (formerly United
Democratic Center or CDU); Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front
or FMLN [Medardo GONZALEZ]; National Conciliation Party or PCN [Ciro
CRUZ ZEPEDA]; Nationalist Republican Alliance or ARENA [Rodrigo
AVILA]; Popular Social Christian Party or PPSC [Rene AGUILUZ];
Revolutionary Democratic Front or FDR [Julio Cesar HERNANDEZ Carcamo]
Equatorial Guinea
Convergence Party for Social Democracy or CPDS
[Placido MICO Abogo]; Democratic Party for Equatorial Guinea or PDGE
(ruling party) [Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO]; Electoral Coalition
or EC; Party for Progress of Equatorial Guinea or PPGE [Severo
MOTO]; Popular Action of Equatorial Guinea or APGE [Avelino
MOCACHE]; Popular Union or UP
Eritrea
People's Front for Democracy and Justice or PFDJ [ISAIAS
Afworki] (the only party recognized by the government); note - a
National Assembly committee drafted a law on political parties in
January 2001, but the full National Assembly has yet to debate or
vote on it
Estonia
Center Party of Estonia (Keskerakond) [Edgar SAVISAAR];
Estonian Greens (Rohelised) [Marek STRANDBERG]; Estonian People's
Union (Rahvaliit) [Villu REILJAN]; Estonian Reform Party
(Reformierakond) [Andrus ANSIP]; Social Democratic Party (formerly
People's Party Moodukad or Moderates) [Ivari PADAR]; Union of Pro
Patria and Res Publica (Isamaa je Res Publica Liit) [Mart LAAR]
Ethiopia
Afar National Democratic Party or ANDP [Mohammed Kedir];
Benishangul Gumuz People's Democratic Unity Front or BGPDUF
[Mulualem BESSE]; Coalition for Unity and Democratic Party or CUDP;
Gurage Nationalities' Democratic Movement or GNDM; Oromo Federalist
Democratic Movement or OFDM [BULCHA Demeksa]; Omoro People's
Congress or OPC [IMERERA Gudina]; Somali People's Democratic Party
or SPDP; United Ethiopian Democratic Forces or UEDF [BEYENE Petros]
European Union
Confederal Group of the European United Left-Nordic
Green Left or GUE/NGL [Francis WURTZ]; European People's
Party-European Democrats or EPP-ED [Joseph DAUL]; Group of the
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe or ALDE [Graham R.
WATSON]; Group of Greens/European Free Alliance or Greens/EFA
[Monica FRASSONI and Daniel Marc COHN-BENDIT]; Identity, Tradition,
Sovereignty Group or ITS [Bruno GOLLNISCH]; Independence/Democracy
Group or IND/DEM [Hanne DAHL and Nigel FARAGE]; Socialist Group in
the European Parliament or PES [Martin SCHULZ]; Union for Europe of
the Nations Group or UEN [Brian CROWLEY and Cristiana MUSCARDINI]
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
none; all independents
Faroe Islands
Center Party [Jenis A. RANA]; Independence Party [Kari
P. HOJGAARD]; People's Party [Jorgen NICLASEN]; Republican Party
[Hogni HOYDAL]; Social Democratic Party [Joannes EIDESGAARD];
Self-Government Party [Kari P. HOJGAARD]; Union Party [Kaj Leo
JOHANNESEN]
Fiji
Dodonu Ni Taukei Party or DNT [Fereti S. DEWA]; Fiji Democratic
Party or FDP [Filipe BOLE] (a merger of the Christian Democrat
Alliance or VLV [Poesci Waqalevu BUNE], Fijian Association Party or
FAP, Fijian Political Party or SVT (primarily Fijian) [Sitiveni
RABUKA], and New Labor Unity Party or NLUP [Ofa SWANN]); Fiji Labor
Party or FLP [Mahendra CHAUDHRY]; General Voters Party or GVP
(became part of United General Party); Girmit Heritage Party or GHP;
Justice and Freedom Party or AIM; Lio 'On Famor Rotuma Party or LFR;
National Federation Party or NFP (primarily Indian) [Pramond RAE];
Nationalist Vanua Takolavo Party or NVTLP [Saula TELAWA]; Party of
National Unity or PANU [Ponipate LESAVUA]; Party of the Truth or
POTT; United Fiji Party/Sogosogo Duavata ni Lewenivanua or SDL
[Laisenia QARASE]; United Peoples Party or UPP [Millis Mick BEDDOES]
Finland
Center Party or Kesk [Matti VANHANEN]; Christian Democrats
or KD [Paivi RASANEN]; Green Party or VIHR [Tarja CRONBERG]; Left
Alliance or VAS [Martti KORHONEN] (composed of People's Democratic
League and Democratic Alternative); National Coalition Party
(conservative) or Kok [Jyrki KATAINEN]; Social Democratic Party or
SDP [Jutta URPILAINEN]; Swedish People's Party or SFP [Stefan
WALLIN]; True Finns [Timo SOINI]
France
Communist, Republican and Citizen or CRC; Democratic Movement
or MoDem [Francois BAYROU] (previously Union for French Democracy or
UDF); Democratic and Social European Rally or RDSE [Yvon COLLIN]
(mainly Radical Republican and Socialist Parties, and PRG); French
Communist Party or PCF [Marie-George BUFFET]; Greens [Cecile
DUFLOT]; Left Radical Party or PRG [Jean-Michel BAYLET] (previously
Radical Socialist Party or PRS and the Left Radical Movement or
MRG); Movement for France or MPF [Philippe DE VILLIERS]; National
Front or FN [Jean-Marie LE PEN]; New Center or NC [Herve MORIN];
Radical Party [Jean-Louis BORLOO]; Rally for France or RPF [Charles
PASQUA]; Republican and Citizen Movement or MRC [Jean Pierre
CHEVENEMENT and Georges SARRE]; Socialist Party or PS [Martine
AUBRY]; Union Centrist-UDF or UC-UDF [Michel MERCIER]; Union for a
Popular Movement or UMP [Xavier BERTRAND]
French Polynesia
Alliance for a New Democracy or ADN [Nicole BOUTEAU
and Philip SCHYLE](includes the parties The New Star and This
Country is Yours); Independent Front for the Liberation of Polynesia
(Tavini Huiraatira) [Oscar TEMARU]; New Fatherland Party (Ai'a Api)
[Emile VERNAUDON]; Our Home alliance; Popular Rally (Tahoeraa
Huiraatira) [Gaston FLOSSE]; Union for Democracy alliance or UPD
[Oscar TEMARU]
Gabon
Circle of Liberal Reformers or CLR [General Jean Boniface
ASSELE]; Congress for Democracy and Justice or CDJ [Jules Aristide
Bourdes OGOULIGUENDE]; Democratic and Republican Alliance or ADERE
[Divungui-di-Ndinge DIDJOB]; Gabonese Democratic Party or PDG
(former sole party) [Simplice Nguedet MANZELA]; Gabonese Party for
Progress or PGP [Benoit Mouity NZAMBA]; Gabonese Union for Democracy
and Development or UGDD [Zacherie MYBOTO]; National Rally of
Woodcutters or RNB; National Rally of Woodcutters-Rally for Gabon or
RNB-RPG (Bucherons) [Fr. Paul M'BA-ABESSOLE]; Party of Development
and Social Solidarity or PDS [Seraphin Ndoat REMBOGO]; People's
Unity Party or PUP [Louis Gaston MAYILA]; Social Democratic Party or
PSD [Pierre Claver MAGANGA-MOUSSAVOU]; Union for Democracy and
Social Integration or UDIS; Union of Gabonese Patriots or UPG
[Pierre MAMBOUNDOU]
Gambia, The
Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction or
APRC (the ruling party) [Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH]; Gambia People's
Democratic Party or GPDP [Henry GOMEZ]; National Alliance for
Democracy and Development or NADD [Halifa SALLAH]; National
Convention Party or NCP [Sheriff DIBBA]; National Reconciliation
Party or NRP [Hamat N. K. BAH]; People's Democratic Organization for
Independence and Socialism or PDOIS [Halifa SALLAH]; United
Democratic Party or UDP [Ousainou DARBOE]
Georgia
Christian Democratic Movement [Giorgi TARGAMADZE];
Democratic Movement United Georgia [Nino BURJANADZE]; Georgian
People's Front [Nodar NATADZE]; Georgian United Communist Party or
UCPG [Panteleimon GIORGADZE]; Georgia's Way Party [Salome
ZOURABICHVILI]; Greens [Giorgi GACHECHILADZE]; Industry Will Save
Georgia (Industrialists) or IWSG [Georgi TOPADZE]; Labor Party
[Shalva NATELASHVILI]; National Council-New Rights (bloc forming
joint opposition) [Levan GACHECHILADZE]; National Democratic Party
or NDP [Bachuki KARDAVA]; United National Movement [Mikheil
SAAKASHVILI]; New Rights [David GAMKRELIDZE]; Republican Party
[David USUPASHVILI]; Socialist Party or SPG [Irakli MINDELI];
Traditionalists [Akaki ASATIANI]; Union of National
Forces-Conservatives [Koba DAVITASHVILI and Zviad DZIDZIGURI]
Germany
Alliance '90/Greens [Claudia ROTH and Cem OZDEMIR];
Christian Democratic Union or CDU [Angela MERKEL]; Christian Social
Union or CSU [Horst SEEHOFER]; Free Democratic Party or FDP [Guido
WESTERWELLE]; Left Party or Die Linke [Lothar BISKY and Oskar
LAFONTAINE]; Social Democratic Party or SPD [Franz MUENTEFERING]
Ghana
Convention People's Party or CPP [Ladi NYLANDER]; Democratic
Freedom Party or DFP [Alhaji Abudu Rahman ISSAKAH]; Every Ghanaian
Living Everywhere or EGLE; Great Consolidated Popular Party or GCPP
[Dan LARTEY]; National Democratic Congress or NDC [Dr. Kwabena
ADJEI]; New Patriotic Party or NPP [Peter MAC-MANU]; People's
National Convention or PNC [Alhaji Amed RAMADAN]; Reform Party
[Kyeretwie OPUKU]; United Renaissance Party or URP [Charles WAYO]
Gibraltar
Gibraltar Liberal Party [Joseph GARCIA]; Gibraltar Social
Democrats or GSD [Peter CARUANA]; Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party or
GSLP [Joseph John BOSSANO]
Greece
Coalition of the Radical Left or SYRIZA [Alekos ALAVANOS];
Communist Party (Marxist-Leninist) [Gr. KONSTANTOPOULOS]; Communist
Party of Greece or KKE [Aleka PAPARIGA]; Democratic Revival [Stelios
PAPATHEMELIS]; Democratic Universal Hellas [Stergio KRIKELISI];
Ecologist Greens [Ioanna KONTOULI]; Fighting Socialist Party [Nikos
KARGOPOULOS]; Greek Ecologists [Dimosthenis VERGIS]; Liberal
Alliance [Foris PERIKOS]; Liberal Party [Manolis KALIGIANNIS];
Light-Truth-Justice [Konstantinos MELISSOURGOS]; New Democracy or ND
[Konstandinos KARAMANLIS]; Organization for the Reconstruction of
the Communist Party of Greece [Ilias ZAFIROPOULOS]; Panhellenic
Socialist Movement or PASOK [Yiorgos PAPANDREOU]; Popular Orthodox
Rally or LAOS [Yeoryios KARATZAFERIS]; Radical Left Front [D.
DESILLAS]; Regional Urban Development [Nikolaos KOLITIS]; Salvation
Party Christian Democracy [Alkiviadis STOILIS]; Union of Centrists
[Vassilis LEVENTIS]; United Anti-Capitalist Left [Konstantinos
PAPDAKIS]
Greenland
Atassut Party (Solidarity) [Finn KARLSEN] (a conservative
party favoring continuing close relations with Denmark); Demokratiit
[Per BERTHELSEN]; Inuit Ataqatigiit or IA (Eskimo Brotherhood)
[Josef MOTZFELDT] (a leftist party favoring complete independence
from Denmark rather than home rule); Kattusseqatigiit (Candidate
List) (an independent right-of-center party with no official
platform); Siumut (Forward Party) [Hans ENOKSEN] (a social
democratic party advocating more distinct Greenlandic identity and
greater autonomy from Denmark)
Grenada
Grenada United Labor Party or GULP [Gloria Payne BANFIELD];
National Democratic Congress or NDC [Tillman THOMAS]; New National
Party or NNP [Keith MITCHELL]
Guam
Democratic Party [leader Michael PHILLIPS]; Republican Party
[Philip J. FLORES] (controls the legislature)
Guatemala
Center of Social Action or CASA [Eduardo SUGER]; Democracy
Front or FRENTE [Alfonso CABRERA]; Democratic Union or UD [Manuel
CONDE Orellana]; Encounter for Guatemala or EG [Nineth MONTENGRO];
Grand National Alliance or GANA [Alfredo VILLA]; Guatemalan National
Revolutionary Unity or URNG [Hector NUILA]; Guatemalan Republican
Front or FRG [Efrain RIOS Montt]; National Advancement Party or PAN
[Juan Guillermo GUTIERREZ]; National Unity for Hope or UNE [Juan
Jose ALFARO Lemus]; Nationalist Change Union or UCN [Mario ESTRADA];
Patriot Party or PP [Ret. Gen. Otto PEREZ Molina]; Unionista Party
or PU [Fritz GARCIA-GALLONT]
Guernsey
none; all independents
Guinea
National Union for Progress or UPN [Mamadou Bhoye BARRY];
Party for Unity and Progress or PUP (the governing party) [Sekou
KONATE]; People's Party of Guinea or PPG [Charles Pascal TOLNO];
Rally for the Guinean People or RPG [Alpha CONDE]; Union of
Democratic Forces of Guinea or UFDG [Cellou Dalein DIALLO]; Union of
Republican Forces or UFR [Sidya TOURE]; Union for Progress of Guinea
or UPG [Jean-Marie DORE, secretary-general]; Union for Progress and
Renewal or UPR [Ousmane BAH]
Guinea-Bissau
African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau
and Cape Verde or PAIGC [Carlos GOMES Junior]; Party for Social
Renewal or PRS [Kumba YALA]; Democratic Alliance or AD [Victor
MANDINGA]; Democratic Social Front or FDS [Rafael BARBOSA];
Electoral Union or UE [Joaquim BALDE]; Guinea-Bissau Civic
Forum/Social Democracy or FCGSD [Antonieta Rosa GOMES];
Guinea-Bissau Democratic Party or PDG; Guinea-Bissau Socialist
Democratic Party or PDSG [Serifo BALDE]; Labor and Solidarity Party
or PST [Iancuba INDJAI]; New Democracy Party or PND; Party for
Democratic Convergence or PCD [Victor MANDINGA]; Party for Renewal
and Progress or PRP; Progress Party or PP; Republican Party for
Independence and Development or PRID [Aristides GOMES]; Union for
Change or UM [Amine SAAD]; Union of Guinean Patriots or UPG
[Francisca VAZ]; United Platform or UP (coalition formed by PCD,
FDS, FLING, and RGB-MB); United Popular Alliance or APU; United
Social Democratic Party or PUSD [Frnacisco FADUL]
Guyana
Alliance for Change or AFC [Raphael TROTMAN and Khemraj
RAMJATTAN]; Guyana Action Party or GAP [Paul HARDY]; Justice for All
Party [C.N. SHARMA]; People's National Congress/Reform or PNC/R
[Robert Herman Orlando CORBIN]; People's Progressive Party/Civic or
PPP/C [Bharrat JAGDEO]; Rise, Organize, and Rebuild or ROAR [Ravi
DEV]; The United Force or TUF [Manzoor NADIR]; The Unity Party [Joey
JAGAN]; Vision Guyana [Peter RAMSAROOP]; Working People's Alliance
or WPA [Rupert ROOPNARAINE]
Haiti
Artibonite in Action or LAAA [Youri LATORTUE]; Assembly of
Progressive National Democrats or RDNP [Leslie MANIGAT]; Convention
for Democratic Unity or KID [Evans PAUL]; Cooperative Action to
Build Haiti or KONBA [Evans LESCOUFALIR]; Democratic Alliance or
ALYANS [Evans PAUL] (coalition composed of KID and PPRH); Effort and
Solidarity to Create an Alternative for the People or ESKAMP [Joseph
JASME]; For Us All or PONT [Jean-Marie CHERESTAL]; Front for Hope or
L'ESPWA [Rene PREVAL] (alliance of ESKAMP, PLB, and grass-roots
organizations Grand-Anse Resistance Committee, the Central Plateau
Peasants' Group, and Kombit Sudest); Haitian Christian Democratic
Party or PDCH [Osner FEVRY and Marie-Denise CLAUDE]; Haitian
Democratic and Reform Movement or MODEREH [Dany TOUSSAINT and Pierre
Soncon PRINCE]; Heads Together or Tet-Ansanm [Dr. Gerard BLOT];
Independent Movement for National Reconciliation or MIRN [Luc
FLEURINORD]; Justice for Peace and National Development or JPDN
[Rigaud DUPLAN]; Fanmi Lavalas or FL [Rudy HERIVEAUX]; Liberal Party
of Haiti or PLH [Gehy MICHEL]; Merging of Haitian Social Democratic
Parties or FUSION or FPSDH [Serge GILLES] (coalition of Ayiti
Capable, Haitian National Revolutionary Party, and National Congress
of Democratic Movements); Mobilization for Haiti's Development or
MPH [Samir MOURRA]; Mobilization for National Development or MDN
[Hubert de RONCERAY]; Movement for National Reconstruction or MRN
[Jean Henold BUTEAU]; Movement for the Installation of Democracy in
Haiti or MIDH [Marc BAZIN]; National Christian Union for the
Reconstruction of Haiti or UNCRH [Marie Claude GERMAIN]; National
Front for the Reconstruction of Haiti or FRN [Guy PHILIPPE]; New
Christian Movement for a New Haiti or MOCHRENA [Luc MESADIEU]; Open
the Gate Party or PLB [Anes LUBIN]; Popular Party for the Renewal of
Haiti or PPRH [Claude ROMAIN]; Struggling People's Organization or
OPL [Edgard LEBLANC]; Union of Nationalist and Progressive Haitians
or UNITE [Edouard FRANCISQUE]
Holy See (Vatican City)
none
Honduras
Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Felicito AVILA];
Democratic Unification Party or PUD [Cesar HAM]; Liberal Party or PL
[Patricia RODAS]; National Innovation and Unity Party or PINU [Jorge
AQUILAR Paredes]; National Party of Honduras or PN [Porfirio LOBO]
Hong Kong
Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood or ADPL
[Frederick FUNG Kin-kee]; Civic Party [KUAN Hsin-chi]; Democratic
Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong or DAB [TAM
Yiu Cheng]; Democratic Party [Albert HO Chun-yan]; League of Social
Democrats [Raymond WONG Yuk-man]; Liberal Party [Miriam LAU Kin-yee]
note: political blocs include: pro-democracy - ADPL, Civic Party;
Democratic Party, League of Social Democrats; pro-Beijing - DAB,
Liberal Party, The Professional Forum (an informal group of three
generally pro-government and pro-business LegCo members from
functional constituencies and one independent elected from a
geographic constituency); there is no political party ordinance, so
there are no registered political parties; politically active groups
register as societies or companies
Hungary
Alliance of Free Democrats or SzDSz [Gabor FODOR]; Christian
Democratic People's Party or KDNP [Zsolt SEMJEN]; Hungarian Civic
Alliance or Fidesz [Viktor ORBAN, chairman]; Hungarian Democratic
Forum or MDF [Ibolya DAVID]; Hungarian Socialist Party or MSzP
[Ildiko LENDVAI]
Iceland
Citizens' Movement; Independence Party or IP [Bjarni
BENEDIKTSSON, Jr.]; Left-Green Movement or LGM [Steingrimur
SIGFUSSON]; Liberal Party or LP [Gudjon KRISTJANSSON]; Progressive
Party or PP [Sigmundur David GUNNLAUGSSON; Social Democratic
Alliance or SDA [Johanna SIGUROARDOTTIR] (includes People's Alliance
or PA, Social Democratic Party or SDP, Women's List)
India
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam or AIADMK [J.
JAYALALITHAA]; All India Trinamool Congress or AITC [Mamata
BANERJEE]; Bahujan Samaj Party or BSP [Kumari MAYAWATI]; Bharatiya
Janata Party or BJP [Rajnath SINGH]; Biju Janata Dal or BJD [Naveen
PATNAIK]; Communist Party of India or CPI [Ardhendu Bhushan
BARDHAN]; Communist Party of India-Marxist or CPI-M [Prakash KARAT];
Dravida Munnetra Kazagham or DMK [M. KARUNANIDHI]; Indian National
Congress or INC [Sonia GANDHI]; Janata Dal (United) or JD(U) [Sharad
YADAV]; Jharkhand Mukti Morcha or JMM [Shibu SOREN]; Left Front (an
alliance of Indian leftist parties); Lok Jan Shakti Party or LJSP
[Ram Vilas PASWAN]; Nationalist Congress Party or NCP [Sharad
PAWAR]; Pattali Makkal Katchi or PMK [S. RAMADOSS]; Rashtriya Janata
Dal or RJD [Laloo Prasad YADAV]; Samajwadi Party or SP [Mulayam
Singh YADAV]; Shiromani Akali Dal or SAD [Parkash Singh BADAL]; Shiv
Sena or SS [Bal THACKERAY]; note - India has dozens of national and
regional political parties; only parties or coalitions with four or
more seats in the People's Assembly are listed
Indonesia
Democrat Party or PD [Hadi UTOMO]; Functional Groups Party
or GOLKAR [Aburizal BAKRIE]; Great Indonesia Movement Party or
GERINDRA [WIRANTO]; Indonesia Democratic Party-Struggle or PDI-P
[MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri]; National Awakening Party or PKB [Muhaiman
ISKANDAR]; National Mandate Party or PAN [Sutrisno BACHIR]; People's
Conscience Party or HANURA [SUHARDI]; Prosperous Justice Party or
PKS [Tifatul SEMBIRING]; United Development Party or PPP
[Suryadharma ALI]
Iran
formal political parties are a relatively new phenomenon in
Iran and most conservatives still prefer to work through political
pressure groups rather than parties; often political parties or
coalitions are formed prior to elections and disbanded soon
thereafter; a loose pro-reform coalition called the 2nd Khordad
Front, which includes political parties as well as less formal
groups and organizations, achieved considerable success in elections
for the sixth Majles in early 2000; groups in the coalition included
the Islamic Iran Participation Front (IIPF), Executives of
Construction Party (Kargozaran), Solidarity Party, Islamic Labor
Party, Mardom Salari, Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution
Organization (MIRO), and Militant Clerics Society (Ruhaniyun); the
coalition participated in the seventh Majles elections in early
2004; following his defeat in the 2005 presidential elections,
former MCS Secretary General and sixth Majles Speaker Mehdi KARUBI
formed the National Trust Party; a new conservative group, Islamic
Iran Developers Coalition (Abadgaran), took a leading position in
the new Majles after winning a majority of the seats in February
2004; following the 2004 Majles elections, traditional and hardline
conservatives have attempted to close ranks under the United Front
of Principlists and the Broad Popular Coalition of Principlists;
several reformist groups, such as the Islamic Revolution, came
together as a reformist coalition in advance of the 2008 Majles
elections; the IIPF has repeatedly complained that the overwhelming
majority of its candidates have been unfairly disqualified from the
2008 elections
Iraq
Assyrian Democratic Movement [Yunadim KANNA]; Badr Organization
[Hadi al-AMIRI]; Constitutional Monarchy Movement or CMM [Sharif Ali
Bin al-HUSAYN]; Da'wa al-Islamiya Party [Nuri al-MALIKI]; General
Conference of Iraqi People [Adnan al-DULAYMI]; Independent Iraqi
Alliance or IIA [Falah al-NAQIB]; Iraqi Communist Party [Hamid
MAJID]; Iraqi Front for National Dialogue [Salih al-MUTLAQ]; Iraqi
Hizballah [Karim Mahmud al-MUHAMMADAWI]; Iraqi Independent Democrats
or IID [Adnan PACHACHI, Mahdi al-HAFIZ]; Iraqi Islamic Party or IIP
[Tariq al-HASHIMI]; Iraqi National Accord or INA [Ayad ALLAWI];
Iraqi National Congress or INC [Ahmad CHALABI]; Iraqi National
Council for Dialogue or INCD [Khalaf Ulayan al-Khalifawi
al-DULAYMI]; Iraqi National Unity Movement or INUM [Ahmad
al-KUBAYSI]; Islamic Action Organization or IAO [Ayatollah Muhammad
al-MUDARRISI]; Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq or ISCI [Abd al-Aziz
al-HAKIM]; Jama'at al Fadilah or JAF [Muhammad Ali al-YAQUBI];
Kurdistan Democratic Party or KDP [Masud BARZANI]; Kurdistan Islamic
Union [Salah ad-Din Muhammad BAHA al-DIN]; Patriotic Union of
Kurdistan or PUK [Jalal TALABANI]; Sadrist Trend [Muqtada al-SADR]
(not an organized political party, but it fields independent
candidates affiliated with Muqtada al-SADR); Sahawa al-Iraq [Ahmad
al-RISHAWI]
note: the Kurdistan Alliance, Iraqi National List, Tawafuq Front,
Iraqi Front for National Dialogue, and Unified Iraqi Alliance were
only electoral slates consisting of the representatives from the
various Iraqi political parties