Global output rose by 3.8% in 2008, down from 5.2% in 2007.
Among major economies, growth was led by China (9.8%), Russia
(7.4%), and India (7.3%). Worldwide, nations varied widely in their
growth results, with Macau (15%), Azerbaijan (13.2%), and Angola
(11.6%), registering the highest. Growth rates slowed in all the
major industrial countries and most developing countries, because of
uncertainties in the financial markets and lowered consumer
confidence. Externally, the nation-state, as a bedrock
economic-political institution, is steadily losing control over
international flows of people, goods, funds, and technology.
Internally, the central government often finds its control over
resources slipping as separatist regional movements - typically
based on ethnicity - gain momentum, e.g., in many of the successor
states of the former Soviet Union, in the former Yugoslavia, in
India, in Iraq, in Indonesia, and in Canada. Externally, the central
government is losing decisionmaking powers to international bodies,
notably the EU. In Western Europe, governments face the difficult
political problem of channeling resources away from welfare programs
in order to increase investment and strengthen incentives to seek
employment. The addition of 80 million people each year to an
already overcrowded globe is exacerbating the problems of pollution,
desertification, underemployment, epidemics, and famine. Because of
their own internal problems and priorities, the industrialized
countries devote insufficient resources to deal effectively with the
poorer areas of the world, which, at least from an economic point of
view, are becoming further marginalized. The introduction of the
euro as the common currency of much of Western Europe in January
1999, while paving the way for an integrated economic powerhouse,
poses economic risks because of varying levels of income and
cultural and political differences among the participating nations.
The terrorist attacks on the US on 11 September 2001 accentuated a
growing risk to global prosperity, illustrated, for example, by the
reallocation of resources away from investment to anti-terrorist
programs. The opening of war in March 2003 between a US-led
coalition and Iraq added new uncertainties to global economic
prospects. The complex political difficulties and the high economic
cost of establishing domestic order in Iraq became major global
problems that continued through 2008.
Yemen
Yemen, one of the poorest countries in the Arab world,
reported average annual growth in the range of 3-4% from 2000
through 2007. In 2008, growth declined slightly as the price of oil
dropped and the slowing global economy reduced demand for oil.
Yemen's economic fortunes depend mostly on declining oil resources,
but the country is trying to diversify its earnings. In 2006, Yemen
began an economic reform program designed to bolster non-oil sectors
of the economy and foreign investment. As a result of the program,
international donors pledged about $5 billion for development
projects. A liquefied natural gas facility is scheduled to open in
2009. Yemen has limited exposure to the international financial
system and no capital markets, however, the global financial crisis
probably will reduce international aid in 2009.
Zambia
Zambia's economy has experienced strong growth in recent
years, with real GDP growth in 2005-08 about 6% per year.
Privatization of government-owned copper mines in the 1990s relieved
the government from covering mammoth losses generated by the
industry and greatly improved the chances for copper mining to
return to profitability and spur economic growth. Copper output has
increased steadily since 2004, due to higher copper prices and
foreign investment. In 2005, Zambia qualified for debt relief under
the Highly Indebted Poor Country Initiative, consisting of
approximately USD 6 billion in debt relief. Zambia experienced a
bumper harvest in 2007, which helped to boost GDP and agricultural
exports and contain inflation. Although poverty continues to be
significant problem in Zambia, its economy has strengthened,
featuring single-digit inflation, a relatively stable currency,
decreasing interest rates, and increasing levels of trade. The
decline in world commodity prices and demand will hurt GDP growth in
2009, and elections and campaign promises are likely to weaken
Zambia's improved fiscal stance.
Zimbabwe
The government of Zimbabwe faces a wide variety of
difficult economic problems as it struggles with an unsustainable
fiscal deficit, an overvalued official exchange rate,
hyperinflation, and bare store shelves. Its 1998-2002 involvement in
the war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo drained hundreds of
millions of dollars from the economy. The government's land reform
program, characterized by chaos and violence, has badly damaged the
commercial farming sector, the traditional source of exports and
foreign exchange and the provider of 400,000 jobs, turning Zimbabwe
into a net importer of food products. The EU and the US provide food
aid on humanitarian grounds. Badly needed support from the IMF has
been suspended because of the government's arrears on past loans and
the government's unwillingness to enact reforms that would stabilize
the economy. The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe routinely prints money to
fund the budget deficit, causing the official annual inflation rate
to rise from 32% in 1998, to 133% in 2004, 585% in 2005, past 1,000%
in 2006, and 26,000% in November 2007, and to 11.2 million percent
in 2008. Meanwhile, the official exchange rate fell from
approximately 1 (revalued) Zimbabwean dollar per US dollar in 2003
to 30,000 per US dollar in September 2007.
======================================================================
@2117
Field Listing :: Pipelines
This entry gives the lengths and types of pipelines for transporting
products like natural gas, crude oil, or petroleum products.
Country
Pipelines(km)
Afghanistan
gas 466 km (2008)
Albania
gas 339 km; oil 207 km (2008)
Algeria
condensate 1,937 km; gas 14,648 km; liquid petroleum gas
2,933 km; oil 7,579 km (2008)
Angola
gas 2 km; oil 87 km (2008)
Argentina
gas 28,138 km; liquid petroleum gas 41 km; oil 5,939 km;
refined products 3,629 km (2008)
Armenia
gas 2,233 km (2008)
Australia
gas 27,105 km; liquid petroleum gas 240 km; oil 3,258 km;
oil/gas/water 1 km (2008)
Austria
gas 2,721 km; oil 663 km; refined products 157 km (2008)
Azerbaijan
condensate 1 km; gas 3,361 km; oil 1,424 km (2008)
Bahrain
gas 20 km; oil 32 km (2008)
Bangladesh
gas 2,597 km (2008)
Belarus
gas 5,250 km; oil 1,528 km; refined products 1,730 km (2008)
Belgium
gas 1,330 km; oil 158 km; refined products 535 km (2008)
Bolivia
gas 4,883 km; liquid petroleum gas 47 km; oil 2,475 km;
refined products 1,589 km (2008)
Brazil
condensate/gas 62 km; gas 9,892 km; liquid petroleum gas 353
km; oil 4,517 km; refined products 4,465 km (2008)
Brunei
gas 37 km; oil 18 km (2008)
Bulgaria
gas 2,926 km; oil 339 km; refined products 156 km (2008)
Burma
gas 2,228 km; oil 558 km (2008)
Cameroon
oil 889 km (2008)
Canada
crude and refined oil 23,564 km; liquid petroleum gas 74,980
km (2006)
Chad
oil 250 km (2008)
Chile
gas 2,676 km; liquid petroleum gas 519 km; oil 892 km; refined
products 769 km (2008)
China
gas 28,132 km; oil 20,204 km; refined products 9,746 km (2008)
Colombia
gas 4,560 km; oil 6,094 km; refined products 3,383 km (2008)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
gas 37 km; oil 39 km; refined
products 756 km (2008)
Congo, Republic of the
gas 7 km; oil 207 km (2008)
Costa Rica
refined products 796 km (2008)
Cote d'Ivoire
condensate 86 km; gas 180 km; oil 92 km (2008)
Croatia
gas 1,327 km; oil 583 km (2008)
Cuba
gas 41 km; oil 230 km (2008)
Czech Republic
gas 7,010 km; oil 547 km; refined products 94 km
(2008)
Denmark
gas 2,858 km; oil 107 km (2008)
Ecuador
extra heavy crude 435 km; gas 5 km; oil 1,374 km; refined
products 1,301 km (2008)
Egypt
condensate 320 km; condensate/gas 13 km; gas 5,586 km; liquid
petroleum gas 956 km; oil 4,314 km; oil/gas/water 3 km; refined
products 895 km; unknown 59 km; water 9 km (2008)
Equatorial Guinea
gas 38 km (2008)
Estonia
gas 859 km (2008)
Finland
gas 694 km (2008)
France
gas 14,688 km; oil 3,036 km; refined products 5,080 km (2008)
Gabon
gas 240 km; oil 723 km (2008)
Georgia
gas 1,591 km; oil 1,253 km (2008)
Germany
gas 24,364 km; oil 3,379 km; refined products 3,843 km (2008)
Ghana
oil 5 km; refined products 309 km (2008)
Greece
gas 1,197 km; oil 75 km (2008)
Guatemala
oil 480 km (2008)
Hungary
gas 4,407 km; oil 987 km; refined products 335 km (2008)
India
condensate/gas 2 km; gas 6,061 km; liquid petroleum gas 2,156
km; oil 7,678 km; refined products 6,876 km (2008)
Indonesia
condensate 735 km; condensate/gas 73 km; gas 5,797 km; oil
5,721 km; oil/gas/water 12 km; refined products 1,370 km; water 44
km (2008)
Iran
condensate 7 km; condensate/gas 12 km; gas 19,246 km; liquid
petroleum gas 570 km; oil 7,018 km; refined products 7,936 km (2008)
Iraq
gas 2,501 km; liquid petroleum gas 918 km; oil 5,418 km;
refined products 1,637 km (2008)
Ireland
gas 1,550 km (2008)
Israel
gas 176 km; oil 442 km; refined products 261 km (2008)
Italy
gas 17,544 km; oil 1,241 km (2008)
Japan
gas 3,862 km; oil 167 km; oil/gas/water 53 km (2008)
Jordan
gas 439 km; oil 49 km (2008)
Kazakhstan
condensate 658 km; gas 11,146 km; oil 10,376 km; refined
products 1,095 km; water 1,465 km (2008)
Kenya
oil 4 km; refined products 928 km (2008)
Korea, North
oil 154 km (2008)
Korea, South
gas 1,423 km; refined products 827 km (2008)
Kuwait
gas 269 km; oil 540 km; refined products 57 km (2008)
Kyrgyzstan
gas 254 km; oil 16 km (2008)
Laos
refined products 540 km (2008)
Latvia
gas 948 km; refined products 415 km (2008)
Lebanon
gas 43 km (2008)
Libya
condensate 776 km; gas 2,860 km; oil 6,987 km (2008)
Liechtenstein
gas 20 km (2008)
Lithuania
gas 1,695 km; refined products 114 km (2008)
Luxembourg
gas 155 km (2008)
Macedonia
gas 268 km; oil 120 km (2008)
Malaysia
condensate 3 km; gas 1,965 km; oil 31 km; refined products
114 km (2008)
Mexico
gas 22,705 km; liquid petroleum gas 1,875 km; oil 8,688 km;
oil/gas/water 228 km; refined products 6,520 km (2006)
Moldova
gas 1,906 km (2008)
Morocco
gas 830 km; oil 439 km (2008)
Mozambique
gas 918 km; refined products 278 km (2008)
Netherlands
gas 3,816 km; oil 365 km; refined products 716 km (2008)
New Zealand
condensate 331 km; gas 1,838 km; liquid petroleum gas
172 km; oil 288 km; refined products 198 km (2008)
Nicaragua
oil 54 km (2008)
Nigeria
condensate 21 km; gas 2,560 km; liquid petroleum gas 97 km;
oil 3,396 km; refined products 4,090 km (2008)
Norway
condensate 31 km; gas 64 km (2008)
Oman
gas 4,126 km; oil 3,558 km; refined products 263 km (2008)
Pakistan
gas 10,402 km; oil 2,076 km; refined products 792 km (2008)
Papua New Guinea
oil 195 km (2008)
Peru
extra heavy crude 533 km; gas 1,078 km; liquid petroleum gas
654 km; oil 1,018 km; refined products 15 km (2008)
Philippines
oil 107 km; refined products 112 km (2008)
Poland
gas 13,631 km; oil 1,384 km; refined products 777 km (2008)
Portugal
gas 1,098 km; oil 11 km; refined products 188 km (2008)
Qatar
condensate 145 km; condensate/gas 132 km; gas 978 km; liquid
petroleum gas 90 km; oil 382 km (2008)
Romania
gas 3,588 km; oil 2,424 km (2008)
Russia
condensate 122 km; gas 158,767 km; liquid petroleum gas 127
km; oil 74,285 km; refined products 13,658 km; water 23 km (2008)
Saudi Arabia
condensate 212 km; gas 1,880 km; liquid petroleum gas
1,183 km; oil 4,239 km; refined products 1,148 km (2008)
Senegal
gas 43 km; refined products 8 km (2008)
Serbia
gas 1,921 km; oil 323 km (2008)
Singapore
gas 106 km (2008)
Slovakia
gas 6,769 km; oil 416 km (2008)
Slovenia
gas 840 km; oil 11 km (2008)
South Africa
condensate 11 km; gas 908 km; oil 980 km; refined
products 1,379 km (2008)
Spain
gas 7,738 km; oil 560 km; refined products 3,445 km (2008)
Sudan
gas 156 km; oil 4,070 km; refined products 1,613 km (2008)
Suriname
oil 50 km (2008)
Sweden
gas 786 km (2008)
Switzerland
gas 1,662 km; oil 94 km; refined products 7 km (2008)
Syria
gas 2,900 km; oil 2,000 km (2008)
Taiwan
gas 406 km (2008)
Tajikistan
gas 549 km; oil 38 km (2008)
Tanzania
gas 253 km; oil 888 km; refined products 8 km (2008)
Thailand
gas 1,348 km; refined products 323 km (2008)
Trinidad and Tobago
gas 659 km; oil 336 km (2008)
Tunisia
gas 2,102 km; oil 1,195 km; refined products 372 km (2008)
Turkey
gas 7,555 km; oil 3,636 km (2008)
Turkmenistan
gas 6,417 km; oil 1,457 km (2008)
Ukraine
gas 33,327 km; oil 4,514 km; refined products 4,211 km (2008)
United Arab Emirates
condensate 458 km; gas 2,129 km; liquid
petroleum gas 220 km; oil 1,310 km; refined products 212 km; water
90 km (2008)
United Kingdom
condensate 43 km; gas 7,541 km; liquid petroleum gas
59 km; oil 699 km; refined products 4,417 km (2008)
United States
petroleum products 244,620 km; natural gas 548,665 km
(2006)
Uruguay
gas 226 km; oil 155 km (2008)
Uzbekistan
gas 9,706 km; oil 868 km (2008)
Venezuela
extra heavy crude 980 km; gas 5,036 km; oil 6,695 km;
refined products 1,484 km; unknown 141 km (2008)
Vietnam
condensate/gas 42 km; gas 66 km; refined products 206 km
(2008)
Yemen
gas 96 km; liquid petroleum gas 22 km; oil 1,367 km (2008)
Zambia
oil 771 km (2008)
Zimbabwe
refined products 270 km (2008)
======================================================================
@2118
Field Listing :: Political parties and leaders
This entry includes a listing of significant political organizations
and their leaders.
Country
Political parties and leaders
Afghanistan
Afghanistan Peoples' Treaty Party [Sayyed Amir TAHSEEN];
Afghanistan's Islamic Mission Organization [Abdul Rasoul SAYYAF];
Afghanistan's Islamic Nation Party [Toran Noor Aqa Ahmad ZAI];
Afghanistan's National Islamic Party [Rohullah LOUDIN];
Afghanistan's Welfare Party [Meer Asef ZAEEFI]; Afghan Social
Democratic Party [Anwarul Haq AHADI]; Afghan Society for the Call to
the Koran and Sunna [Mawlawee Samiullah NAJEEBEE]; Comprehensive
Movement of Democracy and Development of Afghanistan Party [Sher
Mohammad BAZGAR]; Democratic Party of Afghanistan [Tawos ARAB];
Democratic Party of Afghanistan [Abdul Kabir RANJBAR]; Elites People
of Afghanistan Party [Abdul Hamid JAWAD]; Freedom and Democracy
Movement of Afghanistan [Abdul Raqib Jawid KOHISTANEE]; Freedom
Party of Afghanistan [Ilaj Abdul MALEK]; Freedom Party of
Afghanistan [Dr. Ghulam Farooq NEJRABEE]; Hizullah-e-Afghanistan
[Qari Ahmad ALI]; Human Rights Protection and Development Party of
Afghanistan [Baryalai NASRATI]; Islamic Justice Party of Afghanistan
[Mohammad Kabir MARZBAN]; Islamic Movement of Afghanistan [Mohammad
Ali JAWID]; Islamic Movement of Afghanistan Party [Mohammad Mukhtar
MUFLEH]; Islamic Party of Afghanistan [Mohammad Khalid FAROOQI,
Abdul Hadi ARGHANDIWAL]; Islamic Party of the Afghan Land [Mohammad
Hassan FEROZKHEL]; Islamic People's Movement of Afghanistan [Ilhaj
Said Hussain ANWARY]; Islamic Society of Afghanistan [Ustad
RABBANI]; Islamic Unity of the Nation of Afghanistan Party [Qurban
Ali URFANI]; Islamic Unity Party of Afghanistan [Mohammad Karim
KHALILI]; Islamic Unity Party of the People of Afghanistan [Ustad
Mohammad MOHAQQEQ]; Labor and Progress of Afghanistan Party
[Zulfiqar OMID]; Muslim People of Afghanistan Party [Besmellah
JOYAN]; Muslim Unity Movement Party of Afghanistan [Wazir Mohammad
WAHDAT]; National and Islamic Sovereignty Movement Party of
Afghanistan [Ahmad Shah AHMADZAI]; National Congress Party of
Afghanistan [Abdul Latif PEDRAM]; National Country Party [Ghulam
MOHAMMAD]; National Development Party of Afghanistan [Dr. Aref
BAKTASH]; National Freedom Seekers Party [Abdul Hadi DABEER];
National Independence Party of Afghanistan [Taj Mohammad WARDAK];
National Islamic Fighters Party of Afghanistan [Amanat NINGARHAREE];
National Islamic Front of Afghanistan [Pir Sayed Ahmad GAILANEE];
National Islamic Moderation Party of Afghanistan [Qara Bik Eized
YAAR]; National Islamic Movement of Afghanistan [Sayed NOORULLAH]
National Islamic Unity Party of Afghanistan [Mohammad AKBAREE];
National Movement of Afghanistan [Ahmad Wali MASOOUD]; National
Party of Afghanistan [Abdul Rashid ARYAN]; National Patch of
Afghanistan Party [Sayed Kamal SADAT]; National Peace Islamic Party
of Afghanistan [Shah Mohammood Popal ZAI]; National Peace & Islamic
Party of the Tribes of Afghanistan [Abdul Qaher SHARIATEE]; National
Peace & Unity Party of Afghanistan [Abdul Qader IMAMI]; National
Prosperity and Islamic Party of Afghanistan [Mohammad Osman
SALEKZADA]; National Prosperity Party [Mohammad Hassan JAHFAREE];
National Solidarity Movement of Afghanistan [Pir Sayed Eshaq
GAILANEE]; National Solidarity Party of Afghanistan [Sayed Mansoor
NADREEI]; National Sovereignty Party [Sayed Mustafa KAZEMI];
National Stability Party [Mohammad Same KHAROTI]; National Stance
Party [Habibullah JANEBDAR]; National Tribal Unity Islamic Party of
Afghanistan [Mohammad Shah KHOGYANI]; National United Front
[Burhanuddin RABBANI] (a coalition); National Unity Movement [Sultan
Mohammad GHAZI]; National Unity Movement of Afghanistan [Mohammad
Nadir AATASH]; National Unity Party of Afghanistan [Abdul Rashid
JALILI]; New Afghanistan Party [Mohammad Yunis QANUNI]; Peace and
National Welfare Activists Society [Shamsul Haq Noor SHAMS]; Peace
Movement [Shahnawaz TANAI]; People's Aspirations Party of
Afghanistan [Ilhaj Saraj-u-din ZAFAREE]; People's Freedom Seekers
Party of Afghanistan [Feda Mohammad EHSAS]; People's Liberal Freedom
Seekers Party of Afghanistan [Ajmal SUHAIL]; People's Message Party
of Afghanistan [Noor Aqa WAINEE]; People's Movement of the National
Unity of Afghanistan [Abdul Hakim NOORZAI]; People's Party of
Afghanistan [Ahmad Shah ASAR]; People's Prosperity Party of
Afghanistan [Ustad Mohammad ZAREEF]; People's Sovereignty Movement
of Afghanistan [Hayatullah SUBHANEE]; People's Uprising Party of
Afghanistan [Sayed Zahir Qayed Omul BELADI]; People's Welfare Party
of Afghanistan [Mia Gul WASIQ]; People's Welfare Party of
Afghanistan [Mohammad Zubair PAIROZ]; Progressive Democratic Party
of Afghanistan [Wali ARYA]; Republican Party [Sebghatullah SANJAR];
Solidarity Party of Afghanistan [Abdul Khaleq NEMAT]; The
Afghanistan's Mujahid Nation's Islamic Unity Movement [Saeedullah
SAEED]; The People of Afghanistan's Democratic Movement [Sharif
NAZARI]; Tribes Solidarity Party of Afghanistan [Mohammad Zarif
NASERI]; Understanding and Democracy Party of Afghanistan [Ahamad
SHAHEEN]
United Afghanistan Party [Mohammad Wasil RAHIMEE]; United Islamic
Party of Afghanistan [Wahidullah SABAWOON]; Young Afghanistan's
Islamic Organization [Sayed Jawad HUSSINEE]; Youth Solidarity Party
of Afghanistan [Mohammad Jamil KARZAI]; note - includes only
political parties approved by the Ministry of Justice
Albania
Agrarian Environmentalist Party or PAA [Lufter XHUVELI];
Christian Democratic Party or PDK [Nard NDOKA]; Communist Party of
Albania or PKSH [Hysni MILLOSHI]; Democratic Alliance Party or AD
[Neritan CEKA]; Democratic Party or PD [Sali BERISHA]; G99 Political
Movement [Erion VELIAJ]; Liberal Union Party or BLD [Arjan STAROVA];
National Front Party (Balli Kombetar) or PBK [Artur ROSHI]; New
Democratic Party or PDR [Genc POLLO]; Republican Party or PR [Fatmir
MEDIU]; Social Democracy Party of Albania or PDSSh [Paskal MILO];
Social Democratic Party or PSD [Skender GJINUSHI]; Socialist
Movement for Integration or LSI [Ilir META]; Socialist Party or PS
[Edi RAMA]; Socialist Party 1991 [Petro KOCI]; Union for Human
Rights Party or PBDNj [Vangjel DULE]
Algeria
Ahd 54 [Ali Fauzi REBAINE]; Algerian National Front or FNA
[Moussa TOUATI]; National Democratic Rally (Rassemblement National
Democratique) or RND [Ahmed OUYAHIA]; National Liberation Front or
FLN [Abdelaziz BELKHADEM, secretary general]; National Reform
Movement or Islah (formerly MRN) [Ahmed ABDESLAM]; Rally for Culture
and Democracy or RCD [Said SADI]; Renaissance Movement or EnNahda
Movement [Fatah RABEI]; Socialist Forces Front or FFS [Hocine Ait
AHMED]; Society of Peace Movement or MSP [Boudjerra SOLTANI];
Workers Party or PT [Louisa HANOUNE]
note: a law banning political parties based on religion was enacted
in March 1997
American Samoa
Democratic Party [Oreta M. TOGAFAU]; Republican Party
[Tautai A. F. FAALEVAO]
Andorra
Andorra for Change [Juan Eusebio NOMEN CALVET]; New Center
[Vicenc MATEU] (formerly Andorran Democratic Center Party); Liberal
Party of Andorra or PLA [Joan Gabriel i ESTANY] (formerly Liberal
Union or UL); Reformist Coalition (includes the Liberal Party and
New Center) [Joan Gabriel i ESTANY]; Social Democratic Party or PS
[Jaume BARTUMEU CASSANY] (formerly part of National Democratic Group
or AND)
Angola
National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA [Ngola
KABANGU]; National Union for the Total Independence of Angola or
UNITA (largest opposition party) [Isaias SAMAKUVA]; Popular Movement
for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA (ruling party in power since
1975) [Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS]; Social Renewal Party or PRS
[Eduardo KUANGANA]
note: nine other parties participated in the legislative election in
September but won no seats
Anguilla
Anguilla United Front or AUF [Osbourne FLEMING, Victor
BANKS] (a coalition of the Anguilla Democratic Party or ADP and the
Anguilla National Alliance or ANA); Anguilla United Movement or AUM
[Hubert HUGHES]; Anguilla Progressive Party or APP [Roy ROGERS];
Anguilla Strategic Alternative or ANSA [Edison BAIRD]
Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua Labor Party or ALP [Lester Bryant BIRD];
Barbudans for a Better Barbuda [Ordrick SAMUEL]; Barbuda People's
Movement or BPM [Thomas H. FRANK]; Barbuda People's Movement for
Change [Arthur NIBBS]; United Progressive Party or UPP [Baldwin
SPENCER] (a coalition of three parties - Antigua Caribbean
Liberation Movement or ACLM, Progressive Labor Movement or PLM,
United National Democratic Party or UNDP)
Argentina
Coalicion Civica (a broad coalition loosely affiliated
with Elisa CARRIO); Front for Victory or FpV (a broad coalition,
including elements of the UCR and numerous provincial parties)
[Nestor KIRCHNER]; Interbloque Federal or IF (a broad coalition of
approximately 12 parties including PRO); Justicialist Party or PJ
[Nestor KIRCHNER]; Radical Civic Union or UCR [Gerardo MORALES];
Republican Proposal or PRO [Mauricio MACRI] (including Federal
Recreate Movement or RECREAR [Esteban BULLRICH]; Socialist Party or
PS [Ruben GIUSTINIANI]; Union For All [Patricia BULLRICH]; several
provincial parties
Armenia
Armenian National Congress or ANC [Levon TER-PETROSSIAN];
Armenian National Movement or ANM [Ararat ZURABIAN]; Armenian
People's Party [Tigran KARAPETIAN]; Armenian Ramkavar Azadagan Party
Alliance or HRAK (includes former Dashink Party, National Revival
Party, and Ramkavar Liberal Party); Armenian Revolutionary
Federation ("Dashnak" Party) or ARF [Hrant MARKARIAN]; Heritage
Party [Raffi HOVHANNISIAN]; National Democratic Party [Shavarsh
KOCHARIAN]; National Democratic Union or NDU [Vazgen MANUKIAN];
National Unity Party [Artashes GEGHAMIAN]; People's Party of Armenia
[Stepan DEMIRCHIAN]; Prosperous Armenia [Gagik TSAROUKIAN]; Republic
Party [Aram SARKISIAN]; Republican Party of Armenia or HHK [Serzh
SARGSIAN]; Rule of Law Party (Orinats Yerkir) [Artur BAGHDASARIAN];
Union of Constitutional Rights [Hrant KHACHATURIAN]; United Labor
Party [Gurgen ARSENIAN]
Aruba
Aliansa/Aruban Social Movement or MSA [Robert WEVER]; Aruban
Liberal Organization or OLA [Glenbert CROES]; Aruban Patriotic
Movement or MPA [Monica ARENDS-KOCK]; Aruban Patriotic Party or PPA
[Benny NISBET]; Aruban People's Party or AVP [Mike EMAN]; People's
Electoral Movement Party or MEP [Nelson O. ODUBER]; Real Democracy
or PDR [Andin BIKKER]; RED [Rudy LAMPE]; Workers Political Platform
or PTT [Gregorio WOLFF]
Australia
Australian Democrats [Lyn ALLISON]; Australian Greens [Bob
BROWN]; Australian Labor Party [Kevin RUDD]; Country Liberal Party
[Terry MILLS]; Family First Party [Steve FIELDING]; Liberal Party
[Malcolm TURNBULL]; The Nationals [Warren TRUSS]
Austria
Alliance for the Future of Austria or BZOe [Josef BUCHER];
Austrian People's Party or OeVP [Josef PROELL]; Freedom Party of
Austria or FPOe [Heinz Christian STRACHE]; Social Democratic Party
of Austria or SPOe [Werner FAYMANN]; The Greens [Eva GLAWISCHNIG]