Chinese General Chamber of Commerce (pro-China); Chinese
Manufacturers' Association of Hong Kong; Confederation of Trade
Unions or CTU (pro-democracy) [LAU Chin-shek, president; LEE
Cheuk-yan, general secretary]; Federation of Hong Kong Industries;
Federation of Trade Unions or FTU (pro-China) [CHENG Yiu-tong,
executive councilor]; Hong Kong Alliance in Support of the Patriotic
Democratic Movement in China [Szeto WAH, chairman]; Hong Kong and
Kowloon Trade Union Council (pro-Taiwan); Hong Kong General Chamber
of Commerce; Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union [CHEUNG
Man-kwong, president]; Neighborhood and Workers' Service Center or
NWSC [LEUNG Yiu-chung, LegCo member] (pro-democracy); Civic Act-up
[Cyd HO Sau-lan, LegCo member] (pro-democracy)
Hungary
Air Work Group (works to reduce air pollution in towns and
cities); Company For Freedom Rights (Tarsasag a Szabadsagjogokert)
or TASZ (personal data protection); Danube Circle (protests the
building of the Gabchikovo-Nagymaros dam); Green Future (protests
the impact of lead contamination of local factory on health of the
people); environmentalists: Hungarian Ornithological and Nature
Conservation Society (Magyar Madartani Egyesulet)or MME; Green
Alternative (Zold Alternativa)
Iceland
People's Voices [Hordur TORFARSON]; New Times; Civic Action
Association [Gunnar SIGURDSSON]; The Association of Military
Opponents [Stefan PALSSON]
India
All Parties Hurriyat Conference in the Kashmir Valley
(separatist group); Bajrang Dal (religious organization); National
Socialist Council of Nagaland in the northeast (separatist group);
Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (religious organization); Vishwa Hindu
Parishad (religious organization
other: numerous religious or militant/chauvinistic organizations;
various separatist groups seeking greater communal and/or regional
autonomy
Indonesia
Indonesian Women's Coalition (Koalisi Perempuan - human
rights group); Islamic Defenders Front or FPI; National Alliance for
Freedom of Religion and Faith; Oil Palm Watch (environmental)
Iran
groups that generally support the Islamic Republic: Ansar-e
Hizballah-Islamic Coalition Party (Motalefeh); Followers of the Line
of the Imam and the Leader; Islamic Engineers Society; Tehran
Militant Clergy Association (Ruhaniyat); active pro-reform student
group: Office of Strengthening Unity (OSU); opposition groups:
Baluchistan People's Party (BPP); Freedom Movement of Iran; Marz-e
Por Gohar; National Front; and various ethnic and Monarchist
organizations; armed political groups that have been repressed by
the government: Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan (KDPI);
Jundallah; Komala; Mujahedin-e Khalq Organization (MEK or MKO);
People's Fedayeen; People's Free Life Party of Kurdistan (PJAK)
Iraq
Sunni militias; Shia militias, some associated with political
parties
Ireland
Families Acting for Innocent Relatives or FAIR [Brian
McCONNELL] (seek compensation for victims of violence); Families
Against Intimidation and Terror or FAIT (oppose terrorism);
Gaeltacht Civil Rights Campaign (Coiste Cearta Sibhialta na Gaeilge)
or CCSG (encourages the use of the Irish language and campaigns for
greater civil rights in Irish speaking areas); Irish Republican Army
or IRA (terrorist group); Keep Ireland Open (environmental group);
Midland Railway Action Group or MRAG [Willie ALLEN] (transportation
promoters); Rail Users Ireland (formerly the Platform 11 -
transportation promoters); 32 Country Sovereignty Movement or 32CSM
(supports a fully sovereign Ireland); Ulster Defence Association or
UDA (terrorist group)
Isle of Man
Alliance for Progressive Government or APG (a government
watchdog); Mec Vannin (political party advocating a sovereign state
and environment policies); note - has only had one member elected to
the Tynwald
Israel
B'Tselem [Jessica MONTELL, Executive Director] monitors human
rights abuses; Peace Now [Yariv OPPENHEIMER, Secretary General]
supports territorial concessions in the West Bank and Gaza Strip;
YESHA Council of Settlements [Danny DAYAN, Chairman] promotes
settler interests and opposes territorial compromise
Italy
manufacturers and merchants associations - Confcommercio;
Confindustria; organized farm groups - Confcoltivatori;
Confagricoltura; Roman Catholic Church; three major trade union
confederations - Confederazione Generale Italiana del Lavoro or CGIL
[Guglielmo EPIFANI] which is left wing; Confederazione Italiana dei
Sindacati Lavoratori or CISL [Raffaele BONANNO], which is Roman
Catholic centrist; Unione Italiana del Lavoro or UIL [Luigi
ANGELETTI] which is lay centrist)
Jamaica
New Beginnings Movement or NBM; Rastafarians (black
religious/racial cultists, pan-Africanists)
Japan
other: business groups; trade unions
Jersey
Institute of Directors, Jersey branch (provides business
support); Jersey Hospitality Association [Robert JONES] (trade
association); Jersey Rights Association [David ROTHERHAM] (human
rights); La Societe Jersiaise (education and conservation group);
Progress Jersey [Darius J. PEARCE, Daren O'TOOLE, Gino RISOLI]
(human rights); Royal Jersey Agriculture and Horticultural Society
or RJA&HS (development and management of the Jersey breed of
cattle); Save Jersey's Heritage (protects heritage through building
preservation)
Jordan
Anti-Normalization Committee [Ali Abu SUKKAR, president vice
chairman]; Jordan Bar Association [Saleh al-ARMUTI, chairman];
Jordanian Press Association [Sayf al-SHARIF, president]; Jordanian
Muslim Brotherhood [Dr. Hamam SAID, controller general]
Kazakhstan
Adil-Soz [Tamara KALEYEVA]; Almaty Helsinki Group [Ninel
FOKINA]; Confederation of Free Trade Unions [Sergei BELKIN]; For
Fair Elections [Yevgeniy ZHOVTIS, Sabit ZHUSUPOV, Sergey DUVANOV,
Ibrash NUSUPBAYEV]; Kazakhstan International Bureau on Human Rights
[Yevgeniy ZHOVTIS, executive director]; Pan-National Social
Democratic Party of Kazakhstan [Zharmakhan TUYAKBAI]; Pensioners
Movement or Pokoleniye [Irina SAVOSTINA, chairwoman]; Republican
Network of International Monitors [Dos KUSHIM]; Transparency
International [Sergei ZLOTNIKOV]
Kenya
Council of Islamic Preachers of Kenya or CIPK [Sheikh Idris
MOHAMMED]; Kenya Human Rights Commission [L. Muthoni WANYEKI];
Muslim Human Rights Forum [Ali-Amin KIMATHI]; National Convention
Executive Council or NCEC, a proreform coalition of political
parties and nongovernment organizations [Ndung'u WAINANA]; National
Muslim Leaders Forum or NAMLEF [Abdullahi ABDI]; Protestant National
Council of Churches of Kenya or NCCK [Canon Peter Karanja MWANGI];
Roman Catholic and other Christian churches; Supreme Council of
Kenya Muslims or SUPKEM [Shaykh Abdul Gafur al-BUSAIDY]
other: labor unions
Kiribati
NA
Korea, North
none
Korea, South
Federation of Korean Industries; Federation of Korean
Trade Unions; Korean Confederation of Trade Unions; Korean National
Council of Churches; Korean Traders Association; Korean Veterans'
Association; National Council of Labor Unions; National Democratic
Alliance of Korea; National Federation of Farmers' Associations;
National Federation of Student Associations
Kosovo
Council for the Defense of Human Rights and Freedom (human
rights); Humanitarian Law Centre (human rights); Movement for
Self-Determination; Serb National Council (SNV)
Kuwait
other: Islamists; merchants; political groups; secular
liberals and pro-governmental deputies; Shia activists; tribal groups
Kyrgyzstan
Adilet Legal Clinic [Cholpon JAKUPOVA]; Coalition for
Democracy and Civil Society [Dinara OSHURAKHUNOVA]; Interbilim
[Asiya SASYKBAEVA]
Laos
NA
Latvia
Free Trade Union Confederation of Latvia [Peteris KRIGERS],
Employers' Confederation of Latvia [Elina EGLE], Farmers' Parliament
[Juris LAZDINS]
Lebanon
Hizballah military wing
other: Palestinian militias; Maronite Christians; Sunnis and their
militias; Shias and their militias
Lesotho
Media Institute of Southern Africa, Lesotho chapter [Thabang
MATJAMA] (pushes for media freedom)
Liberia
other: demobilized former military officers
Libya
other: Arab nationalist movements; anti-QADHAFI Libyan exile
Movement; Islamic elements
Liechtenstein
NA
Lithuania
Europe House (promotes the EU); European Movement
(promotes the EU); Lithuanian Future Forum (promotes the EU)
Luxembourg
ABBL (bankers' association); ALEBA (financial sector
trade union); Centrale Paysanne (federation of agricultural
producers); CEP (professional sector chamber); CGFP (trade union
representing civil service); Chambre de Commerce (Chamber of
Commerce); Chambre des Metiers (Chamber of Artisans); FEDIL
(federation of industrialists); Greenpeace (environment protection);
LCGP (center-right trade union); Mouvement Ecologique (protection of
ecology); OGBL (center-left trade union)
Macau
Civic Power [Agnes LAM Lok-fong]; Macau Society of Tourism and
Entertainment or STDM [Stanley HO]; Macau Worker's Union [HO
Heng-kuok]; Roman Catholic Church; Union for Democracy Development
[Antonio NG Kuok-cheong]
Macedonia
Federation of Free Trade Unions [Svetlana PETROVIC];
Federation of Trade Unions [Vanco MURATOVSKI]; Trade Union of
Education, Science and Culture [Dojcin CVETANOSKI]; World Macedonian
Congress [Todor PETROV]
Madagascar
Committee for the Defense of Truth and Justice or KMMR;
Committee for National Reconciliation or CRN [Albert Zafy]; National
Council of Christian Churches or FFKM
Malawi
Agri-Ecology Media (agriculture and environmental group);
Council for NGOs in Malawi or CONGOMA (human rights, democracy, and
development); Human Rights Consultative Committee or HRCC (human
rights); Malawi Law Society (human rights and law reform); Malawi
Movement for the Restoration of Democracy or MMRD (acts to restore
and maintain democracy); Public Affairs Committee or PAC (promotes
democracy, development, peace and unity)
Malaysia
Bar Council BERSIH (electoral reform coalition); PEMBELA
(Muslim NGO coalition)
other: religious groups; women's groups; youth groups
Maldives
other: various unregistered political parties
Mali
other: the army; Islamic authorities; rebels in the northern
region; state-run cotton company CMDT; tuaregs
Malta
Alleanza Liberal-Demokratika Maltra or ALDM (for divorce,
abortion, gay marriage, the rights existent in other EU member
states); Alleanza Nazzionali Repubblikana or ANR (for traditional
values, anti-immigration); Alternattiva Demokratika
(pro-environment); Azzjoni Nazzjonali or AN (freedom to participate
in democratic government); Flimkien Ghal-Ambjent Ahjar
(pro-environment); Ghazdatal-Konsumaturi (consumer rights)
other: environmentalists
Marshall Islands
NA
Mauritania
General Confederation of Mauritanian Workers or CGTM
[Abdallahi Ould MOHAMED, secretary general]; Independent
Confederation of Mauritanian Workers or CLTM [Samory Ould BEYE];
Mauritanian Workers Union or UTM [Mohamed Ely Ould BRAHIM, secretary
general]
other: Arab nationalists; Ba'thists; Islamists
Mauritius
other: various labor unions
Mayotte
NA
Mexico
Broad Progressive Front or FAP; Businessmen's Coordinating
Council or CCE; Confederation of Employers of the Mexican Republic
or COPARMEX; Confederation of Industrial Chambers or CONCAMIN;
Confederation of Mexican Workers or CTM; Confederation of National
Chambers of Commerce or CONCANACO; Coordinator for Foreign Trade
Business Organizations or COECE; Federation of Unions Providing
Goods and Services or FESEBES; National Chamber of Transformation
Industries or CANACINTRA; National Peasant Confederation or CNC;
National Small Business Chamber or CANACOPE; National Syndicate of
Education Workers or SNTE; National Union of Workers or UNT; Popular
Assembly of the People of Oaxaca or APPO; Roman Catholic Church
Micronesia, Federated States of
NA
Moldova
NA
Monaco
NA
Mongolia
other: human rights groups; women's groups
Montserrat
NA
Morocco
Democratic Confederation of Labor or CDT [Noubir AMAOUI];
General Union of Moroccan Workers or UGTM [Abderrazzak AFILAL];
Moroccan Employers Association or CGEM [Hassan CHAMI]; National
Labor Union of Morocco or UNMT [Abdelslam MAATI]; Union of Moroccan
Workers or UMT [Mahjoub BENSEDDIK]
Mozambique
Mozambican League of Human Rights (Liga Mocambicana dos
Direitos Humanos) or LDH [Alice MABOTE, president]
Namibia
Earthlife Namibia [Berthchen KOHRS] (environmentalist
group); National Society for Human Rights or NSHR; The World
Information Services of Energy or WISE (group against nuclear power)
Nauru
Woman Information and News Agency (women's issues)
Nepal
other: several small armed Madhesi groups along the southern
border with India; a variety of groups advocating regional autonomy
for individual ethnic groups
Netherlands
Christian Trade Union Federation or CNV [Rene PAAS];
Confederation of Netherlands Industry and Employers or VNO-NCW
[Bernard WIENTJES]; Federation for Small and Medium-sized businesses
or MKB [Loek HERMANS]; Netherlands Trade Union Federation or FNV
[Agnes JONGERIUS]; Social Economic Council or SER [Alexander RINNOOY
KAN]; Trade Union Federation of Middle and High Personnel or MHP [Ad
VERHOEVEN]
Netherlands Antilles
Employers Association (VBC); Unions (AVBO)
New Caledonia
NA
New Zealand
Women's Electoral Lobby or WEL
other: apartheid groups; civil rights groups; farmers groups; Maori;
nuclear weapons groups; women's rights groups
Nicaragua
National Workers Front or FNT (a Sandinista umbrella group
of eight labor unions including: Farm Workers Association or ATC,
Health Workers Federation or FETASALUD, Heroes and Martyrs
Confederation of Professional Associations or CONAPRO, National
Association of Educators of Nicaragua or ANDEN, National Union of
Employees or UNE, National Union of Farmers and Ranchers or UNAG,
Sandinista Workers Central or CST, and Union of Journalists of
Nicaragua or UPN); Permanent Congress of Workers or CPT (an umbrella
group of four non-Sandinista labor unions including: Autonomous
Nicaraguan Workers Central or CTN-A, Confederation of Labor
Unification or CUS, Independent General Confederation of Labor or
CGT-I, and Labor Action and Unity Central or CAUS); Nicaraguan
Workers' Central or CTN (an independent labor union); Superior
Council of Private Enterprise or COSEP (a confederation of business
groups)
Niger
The Nigerien Movement for Justice or MNJ, a predominantly
Tuareg rebel group
Nigeria
Academic Staff Union for Universities or ASUU; Campaign for
Democracy or CD; Civil Liberties Organization or CLO; Committee for
the Defense of Human Rights or CDHR; Constitutional Right Project or
CRP; Human Right Africa; National Association of Democratic Lawyers
or NADL; National Association of Nigerian Students or NANS; Nigerian
Bar Association or NBA; Nigerian Labor Congress or NLC; Nigerian
Medical Association or NMA; the Press; Universal Defenders of
Democracy or UDD
Niue
NA
Norfolk Island
none
Northern Mariana Islands
NA
Norway
Norwegian Aid Committee or NORWAC; Norwegian Association of
the Disabled; Pure Salmon Campaign; The Consumer Council (consumer
advocacy group)
other: environmental groups; media; reform movements
Oman
none
Pakistan
other: military (most important political force); ulema
(clergy); landowners; industrialists; small merchants
Palau
NA
Panama
Chamber of Commerce; National Civic Crusade; National Council
of Organized Workers or CONATO; National Council of Private
Enterprise or CONEP; National Union of Construction and Similar
Workers (SUNTRACS); Panamanian Association of Business Executives or
APEDE; Panamanian Industrialists Society or SIP; Workers
Confederation of the Republic of Panama or CTRP
Papua New Guinea
Ahora [Andrew MAMOKO] (represents local tribes);
Centre for Environment Law and Community Rights or Celcor [Damien
ASE]; Community Coalition Against Corruption
Paraguay
Ahorristas Estafados or AE; National Coordinating Board of
Campesino Organizations or MCNOC [Luis AGUAYO]; National Federation
of Campesinos or FNC [Odilon ESPINOLA]; National Workers Central or
CNT [Secretary General Juan TORRALES]; Paraguayan Workers
Confederation or CPT; Roman Catholic Church; Unitary Workers Central
or CUT [Jorge Guzman ALVARENGA Malgarejo]
Peru
General Workers Confederation of Peru (Confederacion General de
Trabajadores del Peru) or CGTP [Mario HUAMAN]; Shining Path (Sendero
Luminoso) or SL [Abimael GUZMAN Reynoso (imprisoned), Victor QUISPE
Palomino (top leader at-large)] (leftist guerrilla group)
Philippines
ABONO [Robert ESTRELLA]; AKBAYAN [Anna Theresia
BARAQUIEL]; An Waray [Florencio NOEL]; Anak Mindanao [Mujiv
HATAMIN]; ANAKPAWIS [Rafael MARIANO]; ARC [Narciso SANTIAGO III];
Association of Philippine Electric Cooperatives (APEC) [Ernesto
PABLO and Edgar VALDEZ]; A TEACHER [Mariano PIAMONTE]; Bayan Muna
[Satur OCAMPO and Teodoro CASINO, Jr.]; Black and White Movement
[Vicente ROMANO]; BUHAY [Rene VELARDE, Carissa COSCOLLUELLA, and
William TIENG]; BUTIL [Leonila CHAVEZ]; CIBAC [Emmanuel Joel
VILLANUEVA]; COOP-NATCO [Jose PING-AY]; GABRIELA [Liza MAZA and
Luzviminda ILAGAN]; Kilosbayan [Jovito SALONGA]; YACAP [Carol LOPEZ]
Pitcairn Islands
none
Poland
All Poland Trade Union Alliance or OPZZ (trade union) [Jan
GUZ]; Roman Catholic Church [Cardinal Stanislaw DZIWISZ, Archbishop
Jozef MICHALIK]; Solidarity Trade Union [Janusz SNIADEK]
Portugal
the media; labor unions
Puerto Rico
Boricua Popular Army or EPB (a revolutionary group also
known as Los Macheteros); note - the following radical groups are
considered dormant by Federal law enforcement: Armed Forces for
National Liberation or FALN, Armed Forces of Popular Resistance,
Volunteers of the Puerto Rican Revolution
Qatar
none
Romania
other: various human rights and professional associations
Russia
All-Russian Confederation of Labor; Baikal Environmental
Wave; Federation of Independent Labor Unions of Russia; Freedom of
Choice Interregional Organization of Automobilists; Glasnost Defense
Foundation; Golos Association in Defense of Voters' Rights;
Greenpeace Russia; Human Rights Watch (Russian chapter); Institute
for Collective Action; Memorial (human rights group); Movement
Against Illegal Migration; Pamjat (preservation of historical
monuments and recording of history); Russian Orthodox Church;
Russian-Chechen Friendship Society; SOVA Analytical-Information
Center; Union of the Committees of Soldiers' Mothers; World Wildlife
Fund (Russian chapter)
Rwanda
IBUKA (association of genocide survivors)
Saint Barthelemy
The Marine Reserve (protection of fish); Rotary Club
Saint Helena
other: private sector; unions
Saint Kitts and Nevis
NA
Saint Lucia
NA
Saint Martin
NA
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
NA
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
NA
Samoa
NA
San Marino
NA
Sao Tome and Principe
Association of Sao Tome and Principe NGOs or
FONG
other: the media
Saudi Arabia
Ansar Al Marah (supports women's rights)
other: gas companies; religious groups
Senegal
other: labor; students; Sufi brotherhoods, including the
Mourides and Tidjanes; teachers
Serbia
NA
Seychelles
Roman Catholic Church
other: trade unions
Sierra Leone
other: student unions; trade unions
Singapore
none
Slovakia
Association of Towns and Villages or ZMOS; Confederation of
Trade Unions or KOZ; Entrepreneurs Association of Slovakia or ZPS;
Federation of Employers' Associations of the Slovak Republic;
National Union of Employers or RUZ; Slovak Chamber of Commerce and
Industry or SOPK; The Business Alliance of Slovakia or PAS
Slovenia
Democratic Party of Slovenian Pensioners or DeSUS
(protecting the rights of the older generation); Slovenian Roma
Association [Jozek Horvat MUC]
other: Catholic Church
Solomon Islands
Isatabu Freedom Movement (IFM); Malaita Eagle Force
(MEF); note - these rival armed ethnic factions crippled the Solomon
Islands in a wave of violence from 1999 to 2003
Somalia
other: numerous clan and sub-clan factions exist both in
support and in opposition to the transitional government
South Africa
Congress of South African Trade Unions or COSATU
[Zwelinzima VAVI, general secretary]; South African Communist Party
or SACP [Blade NZIMANDE, general secretary]; South African National
Civics Organization or SANCO [Mlungisi HLONGWANE, national president]
note: note - COSATU and SACP are in a formal alliance with the ANC
Spain
Association for Victims of Terrorism or AVT (grassroots
organization devoted primarily to opposing ETA terrorist attacks and
supporting its victims); Basta Ya (Spanish for "Enough is Enough";
grassroots organization devoted primarily to opposing ETA terrorist
attacks and supporting its victims); Nunca Mais (Galician for "Never
Again"; formed in response to the oil Tanker Prestige oil spill);
Socialist General Union of Workers or UGT and the smaller
independent Workers Syndical Union or USO; Trade Union Confederation
of Workers' Commissions or CC.OO.
other: business and landowning interests; Catholic Church; free
labor unions (authorized in April 1977); university students
Sri Lanka
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam or LTTE [Velupillai
PRABHAKARAN](insurgent group fighting for a separate state); Tamil
Makkal Viduthalai Pulikal (TMVP) or Karuna Faction [Vinayagamurthi
MURALITHARAN] (paramilitary breakaway from LTTE and fighting LTTE)
other: Buddhist clergy; labor unions; radical chauvinist Sinhalese
groups such as the National Movement Against Terrorism; Sinhalese
Buddhist lay groups
Sudan
Umma Party [SADIQ Siddiq al-Mahdi]; Popular Congress Party or
PCP [Hassan al-TURABI]; Darfur rebel groups including the Justice
and Equality Movement or JEM [Khalil IBRAHIM] and the Sudan
Liberation Movement or SLM [various factional leaders]
Suriname
Association of Indigenous Village Chiefs [Ricardo PANE];
Association of Saramaccan Authorities or Maroon [Head Captain WASE];
Women's Parliament Forum or PVF [Iris GILLIAD]
Svalbard
NA
Swaziland
Swaziland Federation of Trade Unions; Swaziland and
Solidarity Network or SSN
Sweden
Children's Rights in Society; Swedish Confederation of
Professional Employees or TCO; Swedish Federation of Trade Unions or
LO
other: media
Switzerland
NA
Syria
Damascus Declaration National Council [Riyad SEIF, secretary
general] (a broad alliance of opposition groups and individuals
including: Committee for Revival of Civil Society [Michel KILO,
Riyad SEIF]; Communist Action Party [Fateh JAMOUS]; Kurdish
Democratic Alliance; Kurdish Democratic Front; Liberal Nationalists'
Movement; National Democratic Rally; and Syrian Human Rights Society
or HRAS [Fawed FAWUZ]); National Salvation Front (alliance between
former Vice President Abd al-Halim KHADDAM, the SMB, and other small
opposition groups); Syrian Muslim Brotherhood or SMB [Sadr al-Din
al-BAYANUNI] (operates in exile in London; endorsed the Damascus
Declaration, but is not an official member)