chief of state: President Abdullah GUL (since 28 August 2007)
head of government: Prime Minister Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN (since 14
March 2003); Deputy Prime Minister Cemil CICEK (since 29 August
2007); Deputy Prime Minister Ali BABACAN (since 1 May 2009); Deputy
Prime Minister Bulent ARINC (since 1 May 2009)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the
nomination of the prime minister
elections: president elected directly for a five-year term (eligible
for a second term); prime minister appointed by the president from
among members of parliament
election results: on 28 August 2007 the National Assembly elected
Abdullah GUL president on the third ballot; National Assembly vote -
339
note: in October 2007 Turkish voters approved a referendum package
of constitutional amendments including a provision for direct
presidential elections
Turkmenistan
chief of state: President Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW
(since 14 February 2007); note - the president is both the chief of
state and head of government
head of government: President Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW (since 14
February 2007)
cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
election last held on 11 February 2007 (next to be held in February
2012)
election results: Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW elected president;
percent of vote - Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW 89.2%, Amanyaz ATAJYKOW
3.2%, other candidates 7.6%
Turks and Caicos Islands
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6
February 1952); represented by Governor Gordon WETHERELL (since 5
August 2008)
head of government: Governor Gordon WETHERELL (since 14 August
2009); note - the office of premier is suspended by the Order in
Council, effective 14 August 2009
cabinet: under provisions of the Order in Council, the cabinet is
suspended effective 14 August 2009 and replaced by an Advisory
Council appointed by the governor
elections: the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the
monarch
note: following an investigation into allegations of widespread
corruption and misconduct within the Turks and Caicos Government,
the UK foreign minister directed the governor to bring into effect
on 14 August 2009 an Order in Council suspending Ministerial
government and the House of Assembly, and imposing direct rule for a
period of up to two years
Tuvalu
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952);
represented by Governor General Filoimea TELITO (since 15 April 2005)
head of government: Prime Minister Apisai IELEMIA (since 14 August
2006)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the
recommendation of the prime minister
elections: the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by
the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; prime
minister and deputy prime minister elected by and from the members
of parliament; election last held 14 August 2006 (next to be held
following parliamentary elections in 2010)
election results: Apisai IELEMIA elected prime minister in a
parliamentary election on 14 August 2006
Uganda
chief of state: President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI
(since seizing power 26 January 1986); note - the president is both
chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since
seizing power 26 January 1986); Prime Minister Apolo NSIBAMBI (since
5 April 1999); note - the prime minister assists the president in
the supervision of the cabinet
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among elected
legislators
elections: president reelected by popular vote for a five-year term;
election last held 23 February 2006 (next to be held in February
2011)
election results: Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI elected president;
percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI 59.3%, Kizza
BESIGYE 37.4%, other 3.3%
Ukraine
chief of state: President Viktor A. YUSHCHENKO (since 23
January 2005)
head of government: Prime Minister Yuliya TYMOSHENKO (since 18
December 2007); First Deputy Prime Minister Oleksandr TURCHYNOV
(since 18 December 2007); Deputy Prime Ministers Hryhoriy NEMYRYA
and Ivan VASYUNYK (since 18 December 2007)
cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers selected by the prime minister; the
only exceptions are the foreign and defense ministers, who are
chosen by the president
note: there is also a National Security and Defense Council or NSDC
originally created in 1992 as the National Security Council; the
NSDC staff is tasked with developing national security policy on
domestic and international matters and advising the president; a
Presidential Secretariat helps draft presidential edicts and
provides policy support to the president
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term
(eligible for a second term); note - a special repeat runoff
presidential election between Viktor YUSHCHENKO and Viktor
YANUKOVYCH took place on 26 December 2004 after the earlier 21
November 2004 contest - won by YANUKOVYCH - was invalidated by the
Ukrainian Supreme Court because of widespread and significant
violations; under constitutional reforms that went into effect 1
January 2006, the majority in parliament takes the lead in naming
the prime minister
election results: Viktor YUSHCHENKO elected president; percent of
vote - Viktor YUSHCHENKO 52%, Viktor YANUKOVYCH 44.2%
United Arab Emirates
chief of state: President KHALIFA bin Zayid
al-Nuhayyan (since 3 November 2004), ruler of Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi)
(since 4 November 2004); Vice President and Prime Minister MUHAMMAD
BIN RASHID al-Maktum (since 5 January 2006)
head of government: Prime Minister and Vice President MUHAMMAD bin
Rashid al-Maktum (since 5 January 2006); Deputy Prime Ministers
SULTAN bin Zayid al-Nuhayyan (since 20 November 1990) and HAMDAN bin
Zayid al-Nuhayyan (since 20 October 2003)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
note: there is also a Federal Supreme Council (FSC) composed of the
seven emirate rulers; the FSC is the highest constitutional
authority in the UAE; establishes general policies and sanctions
federal legislation; meets four times a year; Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi)
and Dubayy (Dubai) rulers have effective veto power
elections: president and vice president elected by the FSC for
five-year terms (no term limits) from among the seven FSC members;
election last held 3 November 2004 upon the death of the UAE's
Founding Father and first President ZAYID bin Sultan al Nuhayyan
(next to be held in 2009); prime minister and deputy prime minister
appointed by the president
election results: KHALIFA bin Zayid al-Nuhayyan elected president by
a unanimous vote of the FSC; MUHAMMAD bin Rashid al-Maktum
unanimously affirmed vice president after the 2006 death of his
brother Sheikh Maktum bin Rashid al-Maktum
United Kingdom
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February
1952); Heir Apparent Prince CHARLES (son of the queen, born 14
November 1948)
head of government: Prime Minister James Gordon BROWN (since 27 June
2007)
cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
elections: the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative
elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the
majority coalition is usually the prime minister
United States
chief of state: President Barack H. OBAMA (since 20
January 2009); Vice President Joseph R. BIDEN (since 20 January
2009); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of
government
head of government: President Barack H. OBAMA (since 20 January
2009); Vice President Joseph BIDEN (since 20 January 2009)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president with Senate approval
elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket
by a college of representatives who are elected directly from each
state; president and vice president serve four-year terms (eligible
for a second term); election last held 4 November 2008 (next to be
held on 6 November 2012)
election results: Barack H. OBAMA elected president; percent of
popular vote - Barack H. OBAMA 52.4%, John MCCAIN 46.3%, other 1.3%;
Uruguay
chief of state: President Tabare VAZQUEZ Rosas (since 1
March 2005); Vice President Rodolfo NIN NOVOA (since 1 March 2005);
note - the president is both the chief of state and head of
government
head of government: President Tabare VAZQUEZ Rosas (since 1 March
2005); Vice President Rodolfo NIN NOVOA (since 1 March 2005)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president with
parliamentary approval
elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket
by popular vote for five-year terms (may not serve consecutive
terms); election last held 25 October 2009, with a runoff election
scheduled for 29 November 2009 (next to be held in October 2014)
election results: Jose MUJICA wins first round; percent of vote -
Jose MUJICA 48.5%, Luis Alberto LACALLE 29.2%, Pedro BORDABERRY 17%;
other 5.3%; note - a runoff election will be held on 29 November 2009
Uzbekistan
chief of state: President Islom KARIMOV (since 24 March
1990, when he was elected president by the then Supreme Soviet)
head of government: Prime Minister Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV (since 11
December 2003); First Deputy Prime Minister Rustam AZIMOV (since 2
January 2008)
cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president with
approval of the Supreme Assembly
elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term
(eligible for a second term; previously was a five-year term,
extended by constitutional amendment in 2002); election last held 23
December 2007 (next to be held in 2014); prime minister, ministers,
and deputy ministers appointed by the president
election results: Islom KARIMOV reelected president; percent of vote
- Islom KARIMOV 88.1%, Asliddin RUSTAMOV 3.2%, Dilorom
T0SHMUHAMEDOVA 2.9%, Akmal SAIDOV 2.6%
Vanuatu
chief of state: President Iolu Johnson ABIL (since 3
September 2009)
head of government: Prime Minister Edward NATAPEI (since 22
September 2008); Deputy Prime Minister Ham LINI (since 22 September
2008)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister,
responsible to parliament
elections: president elected for a five-year term by an electoral
college consisting of parliament and the presidents of the regional
councils; election for president last held 2 September 2009 (next to
be held in 2014); following legislative elections, the leader of the
majority party or majority coalition is usually elected prime
minister by parliament from among its members; election for prime
minister last held 22 September 2008 (next to be held following
general elections in 2012)
election results: Iolu Johnson ABIL elected president, with 41 votes
out of 58, on the third ballot on 2 September 2009
Venezuela
chief of state: President Hugo CHAVEZ Frias (since 3
February 1999); Executive Vice President Ramon Alonzo CARRIZALEZ
Rengifo (since 4 January 2008); note - the president is both the
chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Hugo CHAVEZ Frias (since 3 February
1999); Executive Vice President Ramon Alonzo CARRIZALEZ Rengifo
(since 4 January 2008)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term
(eligible for a second term); election last held 3 December 2006
(next to be held in December 2012)
note: in 1999, a National Constituent Assembly drafted a new
constitution that increased the presidential term to six years; an
election was subsequently held on 30 July 2000 under the terms of
this constitution
election results: Hugo CHAVEZ Frias reelected president; percent of
vote - Hugo CHAVEZ Frias 62.9%, Manuel ROSALES 36.9%
Vietnam
chief of state: President Nguyen Minh TRIET (since 27 June
2006); Vice President Nguyen Thi DOAN (since 25 July 2007)
head of government: Prime Minister Nguyen Tan DUNG (since 27 June
2006); Permanent Deputy Prime Minister Nguyen Sinh HUNG (since 28
June 2006), Deputy Prime Minister Hoang Trung HAI (since 2 August
2007), Deputy Prime Minister Nguyen Thien NHAN (since 2 August
2007), Deputy Prime Minister Pham Gia KHIEM (since 28 June 2006),
and Deputy Prime Minister Truong Vinh TRONG (since 28 June 2006)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by president based on proposal of prime
minister and confirmed by National Assembly
elections: president elected by the National Assembly from among its
members for five-year term; last held 27 June 2006 (next to be held
in 2011); prime minister appointed by the president from among the
members of the National Assembly; deputy prime ministers appointed
by the prime minister; appointment of prime minister and deputy
prime ministers confirmed by National Assembly
election results: Nguyen Minh TRIET elected president; percent of
National Assembly vote - 94%; Nguyen Tan DUNG elected prime
minister; percent of National Assembly vote - 92%
Virgin Islands
chief of state: President Barack H. OBAMA (since 20
January 2009); Vice President Joseph R. BIDEN (since 20 January 2009)
head of government: Governor John DeJONGH (since 1 January 2007)
cabinet: NA
elections: under the US Constitution, residents of unincorporated
territories, such as the Virgin Islands, do not vote in elections
for US president and vice president; however, they may vote in the
Democratic and Republican presidential primary elections; governor
and lieutenant governor elected on the same ticket by popular vote
for four-year terms (eligible for a second term); election last held
7 and 21 November 2006 (next to be held November 2010)
election results: John DeJONGH elected governor; percent of vote -
John DeJONGH 57.3%, Kenneth MAPP 42.7%
Wallis and Futuna
chief of state: President Nicolas SARKOZY (since
16 May 2007); represented by High Administrator Philippe PAOLANTONI
(since 28 July 2008)
head of government: President of the Territorial Assembly Pesamino
TAPUTAI (since 11 April 2007)
cabinet: Council of the Territory consists of 3 kings and 3 members
appointed by the high administrator on the advice of the Territorial
Assembly
note: there are 3 traditional kings with limited powers
elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year
term; high administrator appointed by the French president on the
advice of the French Ministry of the Interior; the presidents of the
Territorial Government and the Territorial Assembly are elected by
the members of the assembly
Western Sahara
none
Yemen
chief of state: President Ali Abdallah SALIH (since 22 May
1990, the former president of North Yemen, assumed office upon the
merger of North and South Yemen); Vice President Maj. Gen. Abd
al-Rab Mansur al-HADI (since 3 October 1994)
head of government: Prime Minister Ali Muhammad MUJAWWAR (since 31
March 2007)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the
advice of the prime minister
elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term;
election last held 20 September 2006 (next to be held in September
2013); vice president appointed by the president; prime minister and
deputy prime ministers appointed by the president
election results: Ali Abdallah SALIH elected president; percent of
vote - Ali Abdallah SALIH 77.2%, Faysal BIN SHAMLAN 21.8%
Zambia
chief of state: President Rupiah BANDA (since 19 August
2008); Vice President George KUNDA (since 14 November 2008); note -
President BANDA was acting president since the illness and eventual
death of President Levy MWANAWASA on 18 August 2008, he was then
elected president on 30 October 2008 to serve out the remainder of
MWANAWASA's term; the president is both the chief of state and head
of government
head of government: President Rupiah BANDA (since 19 August 2008);
Vice President George KUNDA (since 14 November 2008)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members
of the National Assembly
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term
(eligible for a second term); election last held 30 October 2008
(next to be held in 2011); vice president appointed by the
president; note - due to the death of former President Levy
MWANAWASA, early elections were held to identify a replacement to
serve out the remainder of his term
election results: Rupiah BANDA elected president; percent of vote -
Rupiah BANDA 40.1%, Michael SATA 38.1%, Hakainde HICHILEMA 19.7%,
Godfrey MIYANDA 0.8%, other 1.3%
Zimbabwe
chief of state: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE
(since 31 December 1987); Vice President Joseph MSIKA (since
December 1999) and Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 December
2004)
head of government: Prime Minister Morgan TSVANGIRAI (since 11
February 2009); Deputy Prime Minister Arthur MUTAMBARA
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the
House of Assembly
elections: presidential candidates nominated with a nomination paper
signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each
province) and elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term
limits); elections last held 28 March 2008 followed by a run-off on
27 June 2008 (next to be held in 2013); co-vice presidents appointed
by the president
election results: Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percent
of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 85.5%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI 9.3%, other
5.2%; note - first round voting results - Morgan TSVANGIRAI 47.9%,
Robert Gabriel MUGABE 43.2%, Simba MAKONI 8.3%, other 0.6%;
first-round round polls were deemed to be flawed suppressing
TSVANGIRAI's results; the 27 June 2008 run-off between MUGABE and
TSVANGIRAI were severely flawed and internationally condemned
======================================================================
@2078
Field Listing :: Exports
This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise
exports on an f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are
calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power
parity (PPP) terms.
Country Comparison to the World
Country
Exports
Afghanistan
$327 million (2007)
$274 million (2006); note - not including illicit exports or
reexports
Albania
$1.345 billion (2008 est.)
$1.076 billion (2007 est.)
Algeria
$78.23 billion (2008 est.)
$60.6 billion (2007 est.)
American Samoa
$445.6 million (FY04 est.)
Andorra
$117.1 million (2007)
$148.7 million (2005)
Angola
$66.3 billion (2008 est.)
$44.4 billion (2007 est.)
Anguilla
$13 million (2006)
Antigua and Barbuda
$84.3 million (2007 est.)
Argentina
$70.02 billion (2008 est.)
$55.78 billion (2007 est.)
Armenia
$1.124 billion (2008 est.)
$1.197 billion (2007 est.)
Aruba
$124 million (2006); note - includes oil reexports
Australia
$189.9 billion (2008 est.)
$142.4 billion (2007 est.)
Austria
$179.1 billion (2008 est.)
$162.1 billion (2007 est.)
Azerbaijan
$30.59 billion (2008 est.)
$21.27 billion (2007 est.)
Bahamas, The
$674 million (2006)
Bahrain
$17.49 billion (2008 est.)
$13.79 billion (2007 est.)
Bangladesh
$15.44 billion (2008 est.)
$12.47 billion (2007 est.)
Barbados
$385 million (2006)
Belarus
$33.04 billion (2008 est.)
$24.33 billion (2007 est.)
Belgium
$371.5 billion (2008 est.)
$323.4 billion (2007 est.)
Belize
$464.7 million (2008 est.)
$425.6 million (2007 est.)
Benin
$1.127 billion (2008 est.)
$819 million (2007 est.)
Bermuda
$763 million (2006)
Bhutan
$350 million (2006)
Bolivia
$6.448 billion (2008 est.)
$4.49 billion (2007 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
$5.194 billion (2008 est.)
$4.243 billion (2007 est.)
Botswana
$4.707 billion (2008 est.)
$5.158 billion (2007 est.)
Brazil
$197.9 billion (2008 est.)
$160.6 billion (2007 est.)
British Virgin Islands
$25.3 million (2002)
$25.3 million (2002)
Brunei
$8.25 billion (2007)
$6.767 billion (2006)
Bulgaria
$22.71 billion (2008 est.)
$18.58 billion (2007 est.)
Burkina Faso
$544 million (2008 est.)
$618 million (2007 est.)
Burma
$6.677 billion (2008 est.)
$6.17 billion (2007 est.)
note: official export figures are grossly underestimated due to the
value of timber, gems, narcotics, rice, and other products smuggled
to Thailand, China, and Bangladesh
Burundi
$79 million (2008 est.)
$52.9 million (2007 est.)
Cambodia
$4.708 billion (2008 est.)
$4.089 billion (2007 est.)
Cameroon
$4.707 billion (2008 est.)
$4.345 billion (2007 est.)
Canada
$459.1 billion (2008 est.)
$431.2 billion (2007 est.)
Cape Verde
$105 million (2008 est.)
$76.5 million (2007 est.)
Cayman Islands
$2.52 million (2004)
Central African Republic
$146.7 million (2007 est.)
Chad
$4.342 billion (2008 est.)
$3.674 billion (2007 est.)
Chile
$66.46 billion (2008 est.)
$67.67 billion (2007 est.)
China
$1.435 trillion (2008 est.)
$1.22 trillion (2007 est.)
Christmas Island
$NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
$NA
Colombia
$38.53 billion (2008 est.)
$30.58 billion (2007 est.)
Comoros
$32 million (2006)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
$6.1 billion (2007)
$1.587 billion (2006)
Congo, Republic of the
$10.85 billion (2008 est.)
$5.808 billion (2007 est.)
Cook Islands
$5.222 million (2005)
Costa Rica
$9.738 billion (2008 est.)
$9.266 billion (2007 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire
$10.09 billion (2008 est.)
$8.476 billion (2007 est.)
Croatia
$14.36 billion (2008 est.)
$12.62 billion (2007 est.)
Cuba
$3.68 billion (2008 est.)
$3.701 billion (2007 est.)
Cyprus
$1.906 billion (2008 est.)
$1.483 billion (2007 est.)
Czech Republic
$145.7 billion (2008 est.)
$122.7 billion (2007 est.)
Denmark
$114.9 billion (2008 est.)
$100.5 billion (2007 est.)
Djibouti
$340 million (2006)
Dominica
$94 million (2006)
Dominican Republic
$6.95 billion (2008 est.)
$7.16 billion (2007 est.)
Ecuador
$19.15 billion (2008 est.)
$14.87 billion (2007 est.)
Egypt
$29.85 billion (2008 est.)
$24.45 billion (2007 est.)
El Salvador
$4.611 billion (2008 est.)
$4.035 billion (2007 est.)
Equatorial Guinea
$13.03 billion (2008 est.)
$10.25 billion (2007 est.)
Eritrea
$13 million (2008 est.)
$12 million (2007 est.)
Estonia
$12.63 billion (2008 est.)
$11.08 billion (2007 est.)
Ethiopia
$1.555 billion (2008 est.)
$1.285 billion (2007 est.)
European Union
$1.952 trillion (2007)
$1.33 trillion (2005)
note: external exports, excluding intra-EU trade
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
$125 million (2004 est.)
Faroe Islands
$634 million (2006)
Fiji
$1.202 billion (2006)
Finland
$96.62 billion (2008 est.)
$90.2 billion (2007 est.)
France
$601.9 billion (2008 est.)
$546 billion (2007 est.)
French Polynesia
$211 million (2005 est.)
Gabon
$9.333 billion (2008 est.)
$7.046 billion (2007 est.)
Gambia, The
$85 million (2008 est.)
$91.4 million (2007 est.)
Gaza Strip
$339 million (2006)
Georgia
$2.428 billion (2008 est.)
$2.088 billion (2007 est.)
Germany
$1.498 trillion (2008 est.)
$1.35 trillion (2007 est.)
Ghana
$5.275 billion (2008 est.)
$4.172 billion (2007 est.)
Gibraltar
$271 million (2004 est.)
Greece
$29.14 billion (2008 est.)
$23.91 billion (2007 est.)
Greenland
$480 million (2006)
Grenada
$38 million (2006)
Guam
$45 million (2004 est.)
Guatemala
$7.848 billion (2008 est.)
$7.012 billion (2007 est.)
Guernsey
$NA
Guinea
$1.392 billion (2008 est.)
$1.203 billion (2007 est.)
Guinea-Bissau
$133 million (2006)
Guyana
$797 million (2008 est.)
$674.9 million (2007 est.)
Haiti
$490 million (2008 est.)
$522 million (2007 est.)
Honduras
$6.046 billion (2008 est.)
$5.642 billion (2007 est.)
Hong Kong
$365.2 billion (2008 est.)
$345.9 billion (2007 est.)
Hungary
$106.6 billion (2008 est.)
$93.86 billion (2007 est.)
Iceland
$5.399 billion (2008 est.)
$4.793 billion (2007 est.)
India
$187.9 billion (2008 est.)
$150.7 billion (2007 est.)
Indonesia
$139.3 billion (2008 est.)
$118 billion (2007 est.)
Iran
$98.42 billion (2008 est.)
$97.4 billion (2007 est.)
Iraq
$58.81 billion (2008 est.)
$36.08 billion (2007 est.)
Ireland
$119.8 billion (2008 est.)
$115.5 billion (2007 est.)
Isle of Man
$NA
Israel
$57.16 billion (2008 est.)
$50.07 billion (2007 est.)
Italy
$546.9 billion (2008 est.)
$502.4 billion (2007 est.)