38
country comparison to the world: 75
Budget:
revenues: $733 million
expenditures: $309 million
note: the government in 2008 moved to a fiscal year calendar; it
passed a supplementary spending package to cover the latter half of
2008 (FY06/07 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
7.8% (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 124
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
13.11% (31 December 2008)
country comparison to the world: 41
15.05% (31 December 2007)
Stock of money:
$102.8 million (31 December 2008)
country comparison to the world: 111
$74.94 million (31 December 2007)
Stock of quasi money:
$89.88 million (31 December 2008)
country comparison to the world: 122
$68.78 million (31 December 2007)
Stock of domestic credit:
$NA (31 December 2008)
$NA (31 December 2007)
Market value of publicly traded shares:
$NA
Agriculture - products:
coffee, rice, corn, cassava, sweet potatoes, soybeans, cabbage,
mangoes, bananas, vanilla
Industries:
printing, soap manufacturing, handicrafts, woven cloth
Industrial production growth rate:
8.5% (2004 est.)
country comparison to the world: 18
Electricity - production:
kWh NA
Electricity - consumption:
kWh NA
Electricity - exports:
0 kWh (2007 est.)
Electricity - imports:
0 kWh (2007 est.)
Oil - production:
100,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 52
Oil - consumption:
NA bbl/day
Oil - proved reserves:
553.8 million bbl (1 January 2008)
country comparison to the world: 46
Natural gas - production:
0 cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 121
Natural gas - consumption:
0 cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 128
Natural gas - exports:
0 cu m (2008)
country comparison to the world: 100
Natural gas - imports:
0 cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 124
Natural gas - proved reserves:
200 billion cu m (1 January 2006 est.)
country comparison to the world: 44
Current account balance:
$1.161 billion (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 46
Exports:
$10 million (2005 est.); note - excludes oil
country comparison to the world: 210
Exports - commodities:
coffee, sandalwood, marble; note - potential for oil and vanilla
exports
Imports:
$202 million (2004 est.)
country comparison to the world: 199
Imports - commodities:
food, gasoline, kerosene, machinery
Exchange rates:
the US dollar is used
Communications ::Timor-Leste
Telephones - main lines in use:
2,400 (2008)
country comparison to the world: 221
Telephones - mobile cellular:
101,000 (2008)
country comparison to the world: 182
Telephone system:
general assessment: rudimentary service limited to urban areas
domestic: system suffered significant damage during the violence
associated with independence; extremely limited fixed-line services;
mobile-cellular services and coverage limited primarily to urban
areas
international: country code - 670; international service is
available in major urban centers
Radio broadcast stations:
at least 21 (Timor-Leste has one national public broadcaster and 20
community and church radio stations - station frequency types NA)
(2007)
Television broadcast stations:
1 (Timor-Leste has one national public broadcaster)
Internet country code:
.tl
Internet hosts:
169 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 192
Internet users:
1,800 (2008)
country comparison to the world: 210
Transportation ::Timor-Leste
Airports:
6 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 172
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2009)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 4
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 2 (2009)
Heliports:
8 (2009)
Roadways:
total: 6,040 km
country comparison to the world: 149
paved: 2,600 km
unpaved: 3,440 km (2005)
Merchant marine:
total: 1
country comparison to the world: 156
by type: passenger/cargo 1 (2008)
Ports and terminals:
Dili
Military ::Timor-Leste
Military branches:
Timor-Leste Defense Force (Forcas de Defesa de Timor-L'este,
Falintil (F-FDTL)): Army, Navy (Armada) (2009)
Military service age and obligation:
18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription
(2008)
Manpower available for military service:
males age 16-49: 284,903
females age 16-49: 272,212 (2008 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
males age 16-49: 230,534
females age 16-49: 238,610 (2009 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
male: 12,887
female: 12,529 (2009 est.)
Military expenditures:
NA
Transnational Issues ::Timor-Leste
Disputes - international:
Timor-Leste-Indonesia Boundary Committee has resolved all but a
small portion of the land boundary, but discussions on maritime
boundaries are stalemated over sovereignty of the uninhabited coral
island of Pulau Batek/Fatu Sinai in the north and alignment with
Australian claims in the south; many refugees who left Timor-Leste
in 2003 still reside in Indonesia and refuse repatriation; Australia
and Timor-Leste agreed in 2005 to defer the disputed portion of the
boundary for 50 years and to split hydrocarbon revenues evenly
outside the Joint Petroleum Development Area covered by the 2002
Timor Sea Treaty
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
IDPs: 100,000 (2007)
Illicit drugs:
NA
page last updated on November 11, 2009
======================================================================
@Togo (Africa)
Introduction ::Togo
Background:
French Togoland became Togo in 1960. Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA,
installed as military ruler in 1967, ruled Togo with a heavy hand
for almost four decades. Despite the facade of multiparty elections
instituted in the early 1990s, the government was largely dominated
by President EYADEMA, whose Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) party
has maintained power almost continually since 1967 and maintains a
majority of seats in today's legislature. Upon EYADEMA's death in
February 2005, the military installed the president's son, Faure
GNASSINGBE, and then engineered his formal election two months
later. Democratic gains since then allowed Togo to hold its first
relatively free and fair legislative elections in October 2007.
After years of political unrest and fire from international
organizations for human rights abuses, Togo is finally being
re-welcomed into the international community.
Geography ::Togo
Location:
Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Benin and Ghana
Geographic coordinates:
8 00 N, 1 10 E
Map references:
Africa
Area:
total: 56,785 sq km
country comparison to the world: 125
land: 54,385 sq km
water: 2,400 sq km
Area - comparative:
slightly smaller than West Virginia
Land boundaries:
total: 1,647 km
border countries: Benin 644 km, Burkina Faso 126 km, Ghana 877 km
Coastline:
56 km
Maritime claims:
territorial sea: 30 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Climate:
tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north
Terrain:
gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau;
low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Mont Agou 986 m
Natural resources:
phosphates, limestone, marble, arable land
Land use:
arable land: 44.2%
permanent crops: 2.11%
other: 53.69% (2005)
Irrigated land:
70 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources:
14.7 cu km (2001)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
total: 0.17 cu km/yr (53%/2%/45%)
per capita: 28 cu m/yr (2000)
Natural hazards:
hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during
winter; periodic droughts
Environment - current issues:
deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the use
of wood for fuel; water pollution presents health hazards and
hinders the fishing industry; air pollution increasing in urban areas
Environment - international agreements:
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone
Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical
Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:
the country's length allows it to stretch through six distinct
geographic regions; climate varies from tropical to savanna
People ::Togo
Population:
6,019,877
country comparison to the world: 107
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the
effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower
life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower
population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of
population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July
2009 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 41.5% (male 1,252,662/female 1,245,379)
15-64 years: 55.7% (male 1,640,982/female 1,714,278)
65 years and over: 2.8% (male 65,427/female 101,149) (2009 est.)
Median age:
total: 18.7 years
male: 18.3 years
female: 19.2 years (2009 est.)
Population growth rate:
2.711% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 21
Birth rate:
36.44 births/1,000 population (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 33
Death rate:
9.33 deaths/1,000 population (July 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 76
Net migration rate:
NA (2009 est.)
Urbanization:
urban population: 42% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 4.3% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.65 male(s)/female
total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2009 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
total: 56.24 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 42
male: 63.5 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 48.77 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 58.69 years
country comparison to the world: 187
male: 56.56 years
female: 60.88 years (2009 est.)
Total fertility rate:
4.79 children born/woman (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 34
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
3.3% (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 21
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
130,000 (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 40
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
9,100 (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 35
Major infectious diseases:
degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,
hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow fever
water contact disease: schistosomiasis
respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis
animal contact disease: rabies
note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in
this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases
possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)
Nationality:
noun: Togolese (singular and plural)
adjective: Togolese
Ethnic groups:
African (37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and
Kabre) 99%, European and Syrian-Lebanese less than 1%
Religions:
Christian 29%, Muslim 20%, indigenous beliefs 51%
Languages:
French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the
two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled
Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north)
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 60.9%
male: 75.4%
female: 46.9% (2003 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
total: 9 years
male: 11 years
female: 7 years (2000)
Education expenditures:
2.6% of GDP (2002)
country comparison to the world: 156
Government ::Togo
Country name:
conventional long form: Togolese Republic
conventional short form: Togo
local long form: Republique togolaise
local short form: none
former: French Togoland
Government type:
republic under transition to multiparty democratic rule
Capital:
name: Lome
geographic coordinates: 6 08 N, 1 13 E
time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during
Standard Time)
Administrative divisions:
5 regions (regions, singular - region); Centrale, Kara, Maritime,
Plateaux, Savanes
Independence:
27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)
National holiday:
Independence Day, 27 April (1960)
Constitution:
adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992
Legal system:
French-based court system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with
reservations
Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal (adult)
Executive branch:
chief of state: President Faure GNASSINGBE (since 4 May 2005); note
- Gnassingbe EYADEMA died on 5 February 2005 and was succeeded by
his son, Faure GNASSINGBE, with the support of the military;
following international condemnation for the unconstitutional move
he then stepped aside pending elections, and Abass BONFOH served as
interim president; Faure GNASSINGBE later won popular elections in
April 2005
head of government: Prime Minister Gilbert HOUNGBO (since 7
September 2008)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president and the
prime minister
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term
(no term limits); election last held 24 April 2005 (next to be held
in April 2010); prime minister appointed by the president
election results: Faure GNASSINGBE elected president; percent of
vote - Faure GNASSINGBE 60.2%, Emmanuel Akitani BOB 38.3%, Nicolas
LAWSON 1%, Harry OLYMPIO 0.5%
Legislative branch:
unicameral National Assembly (81 seats; members are elected by
popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held on 14 October 2007 (next to be held in 2012)
election results: percent of vote by party - RPT 39.4%, UFC 37.0%,
CAR 8.2%, independents 2.5%, other 12.9%; seats by party - RPT 50,
UFC 27, CAR 4
Judicial branch:
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
Political parties and leaders:
Action Committee for Renewal or CAR [Yawovi AGBOYIBO]; Democratic
Convention of African Peoples or CDPA; Democratic Party for Renewal
or PDR; Juvento [Monsilia DJATO]; Movement of the Believers of Peace
and Equality or MOCEP; Pan-African Patriotic Convergence or CPP;
Rally for the Support for Development and Democracy or RSDD [Harry
OLYMPIO]; Rally of the Togolese People or RPT [Faure GNASSINGBE];
Socialist Pact for Renewal or PSR; Union for Democracy and Social
Progress or UDPS [Gagou KOKOU]; Union of Forces for a Change or UFC
[Gilchrist OLYMPIO]
Political pressure groups and leaders:
NA
International organization participation:
ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO,
ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC,
IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF,
OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO,
UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Kadangha Limbiya BARIKI
chancery: 2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 234-4212
FAX: [1] (202) 232-3190
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Patricia McMahon HAWKINS
embassy: 4332 Blvd. Gnassingbe Eyadema, Cite OUA, Lome
mailing address: B. P. 852, Lome; 2300 Lome Place, Washington, DC
20512-2300
telephone: [228] 261-5470
FAX: [228] 261-5501
Flag description:
five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating
with yellow; a white five-pointed star on a red square is in the
upper hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African colors of
Ethiopia
Economy ::Togo
Economy - overview:
This small, sub-Saharan economy is heavily dependent on both
commercial and subsistence agriculture, which provides employment
for 65% of the labor force. Some basic foodstuffs must still be
imported. Cocoa, coffee, and cotton generate about 40% of export
earnings with cotton being the most important cash crop. Togo is the
world's fourth-largest producer of phosphate. The government's
decade-long effort, supported by the World Bank and the IMF, to
implement economic reform measures, encourage foreign investment,
and bring revenues in line with expenditures has moved slowly.
Progress depends on follow through on privatization, increased
openness in government financial operations, progress toward
legislative elections, and continued support from foreign donors.
Togo is working with donors to write a Poverty Reduction and Growth
Facility (PRGF) that could eventually lead to a debt reduction plan.
Economic growth remains marginal due to declining cotton production,
underinvestment in phosphate mining, and strained relations with
donors.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$5.13 billion (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 158
$5.074 billion (2007 est.)
$4.98 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate):
$2.89 billion (2008 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
1.1% (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 172
1.9% (2007 est.)
3.9% (2006 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):
$900 (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 216
$900 (2007 est.)
$900 (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 40%
industry: 25%
services: 35% (2008 est.)
Labor force:
2.595 million (2007)
country comparison to the world: 108
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture: 65%
industry: 5%
services: 30% (1998 est.)
Unemployment rate:
NA%
Population below poverty line:
32% (1989 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Investment (gross fixed):
20.2% of GDP (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 107
Budget:
revenues: $438.1 million
expenditures: $519.9 million (2008 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
8.7% (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 136
1% (2007 est.)
Central bank discount rate:
4.75% (31 December 2008)
country comparison to the world: 118
4.25% (31 December 2007)
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
NA%
Stock of money:
$NA (31 December 2008)
$624.9 million (31 December 2007)
Stock of quasi money:
$NA (31 December 2008)
$383.9 million (31 December 2007)
Stock of domestic credit:
$674,300 (31 December 2008)
country comparison to the world: 129
$590.7 million (31 December 2007)
Market value of publicly traded shares:
$NA
Agriculture - products:
coffee, cocoa, cotton, yams, cassava (tapioca), corn, beans, rice,
millet, sorghum; livestock; fish
Industries:
phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement, handicrafts,
textiles, beverages
Industrial production growth rate:
3% (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 80
Electricity - production:
230 million kWh (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 174
Electricity - consumption:
640 million kWh (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 153
Electricity - exports:
0 kWh (2008 est.)
Electricity - imports:
514 million kWh; note - electricity supplied by Ghana (2007 est.)
Oil - production:
0 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 129
Oil - consumption:
20,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 125
Oil - exports:
1,547 bbl/day (2005)
country comparison to the world: 118
Oil - imports:
15,270 bbl/day (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 123
Oil - proved reserves:
0 bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 125
Natural gas - production:
0 cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 123
Natural gas - consumption:
0 cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 130
Natural gas - exports:
0 cu m (2008)
country comparison to the world: 103
Natural gas - imports:
0 cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 126
Natural gas - proved reserves:
0 cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 129
Current account balance:
-$272 million (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 96
-$154 million (2007 est.)
Exports:
$777 million (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 156
$702 million (2007 est.)
Exports - commodities:
reexports, cotton, phosphates, coffee, cocoa
Exports - partners:
Ghana 12.7%, Burkina Faso 11%, Germany 9.8%, South Africa 7.3%,
Benin 6.9%, India 6.3%, Brazil 4.9%, Belgium 4.8%, Mali 4.4%,
Netherlands 4.3% (2008)
Imports:
$1.541 billion (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 160
$1.264 billion (2007 est.)
Imports - commodities:
machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products
Imports - partners:
China 34.2%, Netherlands 7.5%, France 6.8%, India 6.5%, Thailand
4.9% (2008)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$580 million (31 December 2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 137
$438 million (31 December 2007 est.)
Debt - external:
$2 billion (2005)
country comparison to the world: 136
Exchange rates:
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 447.81
(2008 est.), 482.71 (2007), 522.59 (2006), 527.47 (2005), 528.29
(2004)
note: since 1 January 1999, the West African CFA franc (XOF) has
been pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 CFA francs per euro;
West African CFA franc (XOF) coins and banknotes are not accepted in
countries using Central African CFA francs (XAF), and vice versa,
even though the two currencies trade at par
Communications ::Togo
Telephones - main lines in use:
140,900 (2008)
country comparison to the world: 136
Telephones - mobile cellular:
1.547 million (2008)
country comparison to the world: 131
Telephone system:
general assessment: fair system based on a network of microwave
radio relay routes supplemented by open-wire lines and a
mobile-cellular system
domestic: microwave radio relay and open-wire lines for conventional
system; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity roughly
30 telephones per 100 persons
international: country code - 228; satellite earth stations - 1
Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Symphonie
Radio broadcast stations:
AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 4 (1998)
Television broadcast stations:
3 (plus 2 repeaters) (1997)
Internet country code:
.tg
Internet hosts:
784 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 163
Internet users:
350,000 (2008)
country comparison to the world: 120
Transportation ::Togo
Airports:
8 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 162
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 (2009)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 6
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 2 (2009)
Railways:
total: 532 km
country comparison to the world: 114
narrow gauge: 532 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)
Roadways:
total: 7,520 km
country comparison to the world: 145
paved: 2,376 km
unpaved: 5,144 km (2000)
Waterways:
50 km (seasonally on Mono River depending on rainfall) (2008)
country comparison to the world: 104
Merchant marine:
total: 10
country comparison to the world: 113
by type: cargo 9, refrigerated cargo 1
foreign-owned: 6 (Bangladesh 1, Denmark 1, Egypt 1, Lebanon 1, Syria
2) (2008)
Ports and terminals:
Kpeme, Lome
Military ::Togo
Military branches:
Togolese Armed Forces (Forces Armees Togolaise, FAT): Ground Forces,
Togolese Navy (Marine du Togo), Togolese Air Force (Force Aerienne
Togolaise, FAT), National Gendarmerie (2009)
Military service age and obligation:
18 years of age for selective compulsory and voluntary military
service; 2-year service obligation (2006)
Manpower available for military service:
males age 16-49: 1,365,505
females age 16-49: 1,374,993 (2008 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
males age 16-49: 929,395
females age 16-49: 943,967 (2009 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
male: 70,775
female: 70,051 (2009 est.)
Military expenditures:
1.6% of GDP (2005 est.)
country comparison to the world: 102
Transnational Issues ::Togo
Disputes - international:
in 2001, Benin claimed Togo moved boundary monuments - joint
commission continues to resurvey the boundary; in 2006, 14,000
Togolese refugees remain in Benin and Ghana out of the 40,000 who
fled there in 2005
Refugees and internally displaced persons: