CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM,
IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU,
ISO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer),
OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SECI
(observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU,
WCL, WCO, WEU (associate partner), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Peter BURIAN
chancery: 3523 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 237-1054
FAX: [1] (202) 237-6438
consulate(s) general: Los Angeles, New York
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Keith EDDINS
embassy: Hviezdoslavovo Namestie 4, 81102 Bratislava
mailing address: P.O. Box 309, 814 99 Bratislava
telephone: [421] (2) 5443-3338
FAX: [421] (2) 5441-8861
Flag description:
three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red
superimposed with the coat of arms of Slovakia (consisting of a red
shield bordered in white and bearing a white Cross of Lorraine
surmounting three blue hills); the coat of arms is centered
vertically and offset slightly to the hoist side
Economy ::Slovakia
Economy - overview:
Slovakia has made significant economic reforms since its separation
from the Czech Republic in 1993. Reforms to the taxation,
healthcare, pension, and social welfare systems helped Slovakia to
consolidate its budget and get on track to join the EU in 2004 and
to adopt the euro in January 2009. Major privatizations are nearly
complete, the banking sector is almost entirely in foreign hands,
and the government has helped facilitate a foreign investment boom
with business friendly policies such as labor market liberalization
and a 19% flat tax. Foreign investment in the automotive and
electronic sectors has been strong. Slovakia's economic growth
exceeded expectations in 2001-08 despite the general European
slowdown. Unemployment, at an unacceptable 18% in 2003-04, dropped
to 8.4% in 2008 but remains the economy's Achilles heel. Despite its
2006 pre-election promises to loosen fiscal policy and reverse the
previous DZURINDA government's pro-market reforms, FICO's cabinet
has thus far been careful to keep a lid on spending in order to meet
euro adoption criteria and has focused on regulating energy and food
prices instead. The OECD expects Slovakia's GDP growth to be
positive in 2009.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$119.8 billion (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 60
$112.6 billion (2007 est.)
$102 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate):
$95.4 billion (2008 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
6.4% (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 50
10.4% (2007 est.)
8.5% (2006 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):
$22,000 (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 55
$20,700 (2007 est.)
$18,700 (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 3.7%
industry: 37.2%
services: 59% (2008 est.)
Labor force:
2.254 million (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 113
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture 4%, industry 39%, services 56.9% (30 September 2008)
Unemployment rate:
7.7% (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 104
8.4% (2007 est.)
Population below poverty line:
21% (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 3.1%
highest 10%: 20.9% (1996)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
26 (2005)
country comparison to the world: 128
26.3 (1996)
Investment (gross fixed):
25.9% of GDP (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 44
Budget:
revenues: $31.23 billion
expenditures: $33.32 billion (2008 est.)
Public debt:
28.7% of GDP (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 76
46.6% of GDP (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
4.6% (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 80
2.8% (2007 est.)
Central bank discount rate:
3% (31 December 2008)
country comparison to the world: 115
4.25% (31 December 2007)
note: this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal
lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks from the
euro area; as of 1 January 2009 Slovakia became a member of the
Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
6.42% (31 December 2008)
Stock of money:
$25.52 billion (31 December 2008)
country comparison to the world: 32
$26.17 billion (31 December 2007)
note: this figure represents the US dollar value of Slovak koruny in
circulation prior to Slovakia joining the Economic and Monetary
Union (EMU); see entry for the European Union for money supply in
the euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary
policy for the 16 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU);
individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money
and quasi money circulating within their own borders
Stock of quasi money:
$27.71 billion (31 December 2008)
country comparison to the world: 38
$21.11 billion (31 December 2007)
Stock of domestic credit:
$50.94 billion (31 December 2008)
country comparison to the world: 46
$41.76 billion (31 December 2007)
Market value of publicly traded shares:
$5.079 billion (31 December 2008)
country comparison to the world: 77
$6.971 billion (31 December 2007)
$5.574 billion (31 December 2006)
Agriculture - products:
grains, potatoes, sugar beets, hops, fruit; pigs, cattle, poultry;
forest products
Industries:
metal and metal products; food and beverages; electricity, gas,
coke, oil, nuclear fuel; chemicals and manmade fibers; machinery;
paper and printing; earthenware and ceramics; transport vehicles;
textiles; electrical and optical apparatus; rubber products
Industrial production growth rate:
-3.7% (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 163
Electricity - production:
26.53 billion kWh (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 64
Electricity - consumption:
26.81 billion kWh (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 62
Electricity - exports:
8.891 billion kWh (2008 est.)
Electricity - imports:
9.412 billion kWh (2008 est.)
Oil - production:
14,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 80
Oil - consumption:
84,990 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 82
Oil - exports:
74,070 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 72
Oil - imports:
148,600 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 57
Oil - proved reserves:
9 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 90
Natural gas - production:
102 million cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 78
Natural gas - consumption:
6.308 billion cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 55
Natural gas - exports:
186 million cu m (2008)
country comparison to the world: 41
Natural gas - imports:
6.266 billion cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 29
Natural gas - proved reserves:
14.16 billion cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 78
Current account balance:
-$6.43 billion (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 163
-$4.482 billion (2007 est.)
Exports:
$72.57 billion (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 44
$64.5 billion (2007 est.)
Exports - commodities:
vehicles 25.9%, machinery and electrical equipment 21.3%, base
metals 14.6%, chemicals and minerals 10.1%, plastics 5.4% (2004)
Exports - partners:
Germany 20%, Czech Republic 13.1%, France 6.7%, Poland 6.6%, Hungary
6.3%, Austria 5.9%, Italy 5.8%, UK 4.7% (2008)
Imports:
$73.62 billion (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 44
$65.47 billion (2007 est.)
Imports - commodities:
machinery and transport equipment 41.1%, intermediate manufactured
goods 19.3%, fuels 12.3%, chemicals 9.8%, miscellaneous manufactured
goods 10.2% (2003)
Imports - partners:
Germany 20%, Czech Republic 17.7%, Russia 10.6%, Hungary 6.9%, South
Korea 5.2%, Austria 5%, Poland 4.9%, China 4.1% (2008)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$18.78 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 53
$18.96 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Debt - external:
$52.53 billion (31 December 2008)
country comparison to the world: 52
$44.31 billion (31 December 2007)
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
$44.12 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 51
$40.7 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
$1.867 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 66
$1.609 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Exchange rates:
Slovak koruny (SKK) per US dollar - 21.05 (2008 est.), 24.919
(2007), 29.611 (2006), 31.018 (2005), 32.257 (2004)
note: on 1 January 2009 Slovakia adopted the euro as legal tender
Communications ::Slovakia
Telephones - main lines in use:
1.098 million (2008)
country comparison to the world: 75
Telephones - mobile cellular:
5.52 million (2008)
country comparison to the world: 82
Telephone system:
general assessment: Slovakia has a modern telecommunications system
that has expanded dramatically in recent years with the growth in
cellular services
domestic: analog system is now receiving digital equipment and is
being enlarged with fiber-optic cable, especially in the larger
cities; 3 companies provide nationwide cellular services
international: country code - 421; 3 international exchanges (1 in
Bratislava and 2 in Banska Bystrica) are available; Slovakia is
participating in several international telecommunications projects
that will increase the availability of external services
Radio broadcast stations:
AM 1, FM 22, shortwave 1 (2008)
Television broadcast stations:
37 (2008)
Internet country code:
.sk
Internet hosts:
867,615 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 41
Internet users:
3.566 million (2008)
country comparison to the world: 53
Transportation ::Slovakia
Airports:
35 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 110
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 20
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 10 (2009)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 15
914 to 1,523 m: 8
under 914 m: 7 (2009)
Heliports:
1 (2009)
Pipelines:
gas 6,769 km; oil 416 km (2008)
Railways:
total: 3,622 km
country comparison to the world: 48
broad gauge: 99 km 1.520-m gauge
standard gauge: 3,473 km 1.435-m gauge (1,577 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 50 km (1.000-m or 0.750-m gauge) (2008)
Roadways:
total: 43,761 km
country comparison to the world: 83
paved: 38,085 km (includes 316 km of expressways)
unpaved: 5,676 km (2006)
Waterways:
172 km (on Danube River) (2008)
country comparison to the world: 100
Merchant marine:
total: 51
country comparison to the world: 70
by type: bulk carrier 5, cargo 42, refrigerated cargo 4
foreign-owned: 47 (Bulgaria 6, Germany 3, Greece 2, Ireland 1,
Israel 4, Italy 2, Poland 2, Russia 1, Slovenia 1, Syria 2, Turkey
10, Ukraine 12, UK 1) (2008)
Ports and terminals:
Bratislava, Komarno
Military ::Slovakia
Military branches:
Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic (Ozbrojene Sily Slovenskej
Republiky): Land Forces (Pozemne Sily), Air Forces (Vzdusne Sily)
(2009)
Military service age and obligation:
17-30 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription
abolished in 2006; women are eligible to serve (2007)
Manpower available for military service:
males age 16-49: 1,420,966
females age 16-49: 1,386,259 (2008 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
males age 16-49: 1,165,470
females age 16-49: 1,152,941 (2009 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
male: 36,552
female: 34,783 (2009 est.)
Military expenditures:
1.87% of GDP (2005 est.)
country comparison to the world: 89
Transnational Issues ::Slovakia
Disputes - international:
bilateral government, legal, technical and economic working group
negotiations continued in 2006 between Slovakia and Hungary over
Hungary's completion of its portion of the Gabcikovo-Nagymaros
hydroelectric dam project along the Danube; as a member state that
forms part of the EU's external border, Slovakia has implemented the
strict Schengen border rules
Illicit drugs:
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin bound for Western
Europe; producer of synthetic drugs for regional market; consumer of
ecstasy
page last updated on November 11, 2009
======================================================================
@Slovenia (Europe)
Introduction ::Slovenia
Background:
The Slovene lands were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the
latter's dissolution at the end of World War I. In 1918, the
Slovenes joined the Serbs and Croats in forming a new multinational
state, which was named Yugoslavia in 1929. After World War II,
Slovenia became a republic of the renewed Yugoslavia, which though
Communist, distanced itself from Moscow's rule. Dissatisfied with
the exercise of power by the majority Serbs, the Slovenes succeeded
in establishing their independence in 1991 after a short 10-day war.
Historical ties to Western Europe, a strong economy, and a stable
democracy have assisted in Slovenia's transformation to a modern
state. Slovenia acceded to both NATO and the EU in the spring of
2004.
Geography ::Slovenia
Location:
Central Europe, eastern Alps bordering the Adriatic Sea, between
Austria and Croatia
Geographic coordinates:
46 07 N, 14 49 E
Map references:
Europe
Area:
total: 20,273 sq km
country comparison to the world: 154
land: 20,151 sq km
water: 122 sq km
Area - comparative:
slightly smaller than New Jersey
Land boundaries:
total: 1,086 km
border countries: Austria 330 km, Croatia 455 km, Hungary 102 km,
Italy 199 km
Coastline:
46.6 km
Maritime claims:
territorial sea: 12 nm
Climate:
Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to
hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east
Terrain:
a short coastal strip on the Adriatic, an alpine mountain region
adjacent to Italy and Austria, mixed mountains and valleys with
numerous rivers to the east
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m
highest point: Triglav 2,864 m
Natural resources:
lignite coal, lead, zinc, building stone, hydropower, forests
Land use:
arable land: 8.53%
permanent crops: 1.43%
other: 90.04% (2005)
Irrigated land:
30 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources:
32.1 cu km (2005)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
total: 0.9
per capita: 457 cu m/yr (2002)
Natural hazards:
flooding; earthquakes
Environment - current issues:
Sava River polluted with domestic and industrial waste; pollution of
coastal waters with heavy metals and toxic chemicals; forest damage
near Koper from air pollution (originating at metallurgical and
chemical plants) and resulting acid rain
Environment - international agreements:
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air
Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94,
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:
despite its small size, this eastern Alpine country controls some of
Europe's major transit routes
People ::Slovenia
Population:
2,005,692 (July 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 145
Age structure:
0-14 years: 13.5% (male 139,880/female 131,826)
15-64 years: 69.9% (male 707,219/female 695,470)
65 years and over: 16.5% (male 129,662/female 201,635) (2009 est.)
Median age:
total: 41.7 years
male: 40.1 years
female: 43.3 years (2009 est.)
Population growth rate:
-0.113% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 215
Birth rate:
8.97 births/1,000 population (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 211
Death rate:
10.62 deaths/1,000 population (July 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 55
Net migration rate:
0.52 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 64
Urbanization:
urban population: 48% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: -0.6% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.64 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2009 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
total: 4.25 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 206
male: 4.82 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.65 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 76.92 years
country comparison to the world: 60
male: 73.25 years
female: 80.84 years (2009 est.)
Total fertility rate:
1.28 children born/woman (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 209
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
less than 0.1% (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 144
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
280 (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 154
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
fewer than 100 (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 133
Nationality:
noun: Slovene(s)
adjective: Slovenian
Ethnic groups:
Slovene 83.1%, Serb 2%, Croat 1.8%, Bosniak 1.1%, other or
unspecified 12% (2002 census)
Religions:
Catholic 57.8%, Muslim 2.4%, Orthodox 2.3%, other Christian 0.9%,
unaffiliated 3.5%, other or unspecified 23%, none 10.1% (2002 census)
Languages:
Slovenian 91.1%, Serbo-Croatian 4.5%, other or unspecified 4.4%
(2002 census)
Literacy:
definition: NA
total population: 99.7%
male: 99.7%
female: 99.6%
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
total: 17 years
male: 16 years
female: 17 years (2006)
Education expenditures:
6% of GDP (2005)
country comparison to the world: 41
Government ::Slovenia
Country name:
conventional long form: Republic of Slovenia
conventional short form: Slovenia
local long form: Republika Slovenija
local short form: Slovenija
former: People's Republic of Slovenia, Socialist Republic of Slovenia
Government type:
parliamentary republic
Capital:
name: Ljubljana
geographic coordinates: 46 03 N, 14 31 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during
Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last
Sunday in October
Administrative divisions:
182 municipalities (obcine, singular - obcina) and 11 urban
municipalities* (mestne obcine , singular - mestna obcina )
Ajdovscina, Beltinci, Benedikt, Bistrica ob Sotli, Bled, Bloke,
Bohinj, Borovnica, Bovec, Braslovce, Brda, Brezice, Brezovica,
Cankova, Celje*, Cerklje na Gorenjskem, Cerknica, Cerkno,
Cerkvenjak, Crensovci, Crna na Koroskem, Crnomelj, Destrnik, Divaca,
Dobje, Dobrepolje, Dobrna, Dobrova-Horjul-Polhov Gradec,
Dobrovnik-Dobronak, Dolenjske Toplice, Dol pri Ljubljani, Domzale,
Dornava, Dravograd, Duplek, Gorenja Vas-Poljane, Gorisnica, Gornja
Radgona, Gornji Grad, Gornji Petrovci, Grad, Grosuplje, Hajdina,
Hoce-Slivnica, Hodos-Hodos, Horjul, Hrastnik, Hrpelje-Kozina,
Idrija, Ig, Ilirska Bistrica, Ivancna Gorica, Izola-Isola, Jesenice,
Jezersko, Jursinci, Kamnik, Kanal, Kidricevo, Kobarid, Kobilje,
Kocevje, Komen, Komenda, Koper-Capodistria*, Kostel, Kozje, Kranj*,
Kranjska Gora, Krizevci, Krsko, Kungota, Kuzma, Lasko, Lenart,
Lendava-Lendva, Litija, Ljubljana*, Ljubno, Ljutomer, Logatec, Loska
Dolina, Loski Potok, Lovrenc na Pohorju, Luce, Lukovica, Majsperk,
Maribor*, Markovci, Medvode, Menges, Metlika, Mezica, Miklavz na
Dravskem Polju, Miren-Kostanjevica, Mirna Pec, Mislinja, Moravce,
Moravske Toplice, Mozirje, Murska Sobota*, Muta, Naklo, Nazarje,
Nova Gorica*, Novo Mesto*, Odranci, Oplotnica, Ormoz, Osilnica,
Pesnica, Piran-Pirano, Pivka, Podcetrtek, Podlehnik, Podvelka,
Polzela, Postojna, Prebold, Preddvor, Prevalje, Ptuj*, Puconci,
Race-Fram, Radece, Radenci, Radlje ob Dravi, Radovljica, Ravne na
Koroskem, Razkrizje, Ribnica, Ribnica na Pohorju, Rogasovci, Rogaska
Slatina, Rogatec, Ruse, Salovci, Selnica ob Dravi, Semic,
Sempeter-Vrtojba, Sencur, Sentilj, Sentjernej, Sentjur pri Celju,
Sevnica, Sezana, Skocjan, Skofja Loka, Skofljica, Slovenj Gradec*,
Slovenska Bistrica, Slovenske Konjice, Smarje pri Jelsah, Smartno ob
Paki, Smartno pri Litiji, Sodrazica, Solcava, Sostanj, Starse,
Store, Sveta Ana, Sveti Andraz v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Jurij,
Tabor, Tisina, Tolmin, Trbovlje, Trebnje, Trnovska Vas, Trzic,
Trzin, Turnisce, Velenje*, Velika Polana, Velike Lasce, Verzej,
Videm, Vipava, Vitanje, Vodice, Vojnik, Vransko, Vrhnika, Vuzenica,
Zagorje ob Savi, Zalec, Zavrc, Zelezniki, Zetale, Ziri, Zirovnica,
Zuzemberk, Zrece
note: the Government of Slovenia has reported 210 municipalities
Independence:
25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
National holiday:
Independence Day/Statehood Day, 25 June (1991)
Constitution:
adopted 23 December 1991, amended 14 July 1997 and 25 July 2000
Legal system:
based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction
Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal (16 years of age, if employed)
Executive branch:
chief of state: President Danilo TURK (since 22 December 2007)
head of government: Prime Minister Borut PAHOR (since 7 November
2008)
cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister and
elected by the National Assembly
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term
(eligible for a second term); election last held 21 October and 11
November 2007 (next to be held in the 8 October 2012); following
National Assembly elections, the leader of the majority party or the
leader of a majority coalition is usually nominated to become prime
minister by the president and elected by the National Assembly;
election last held on 21 September 2008 (next National Assembly
elections to be held in 8 October 2012)
election results: Danilo TURK elected president; percent of vote -
Danilo TURK 68.2%, Alojze PETERLE 31.8%; Borut PAHOR elected prime
minister by National Assembly vote
Legislative branch:
bicameral Parliament consists of a National Council or Drzavni Svet
(40 seats; members indirectly elected by an electoral college to
serve five-year terms; note - this is primarily an advisory body
with limited legislative powers; it may propose laws, ask to review
any National Assembly decision, and call national referenda) and the
National Assembly or Drzavni Zbor (90 seats; 40 members are directly
elected and 50 are elected on a proportional basis; note - the
number of directly elected and proportionally elected seats varies
with each election; the constitution mandates 1 seat each for
Slovenia's Hungarian and Italian minorities; members are elected by
popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: National Assembly - last held 21 September 2008 (next to
be held 8 October 2012)
election results: percent of vote by party - SD 30.5%, SDS 29.3%,
ZARES 9.4%, DeSUS 7.5%, SNS 5.5%, SLS+SMS 5.2%, LDS 5.2%, other
7.4%; seats by party - SD 29, SDS 28, ZARES 9, DeSUS 7, SNS 5,
SLS+SMS 5, LDS 5, Hungarian minority 1, Italian minority 1
Judicial branch:
Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National Assembly on the
recommendation of the Judicial Council); Constitutional Court
(judges elected for nine-year terms by the National Assembly and
nominated by the president)
Political parties and leaders:
Liberal Democracy of Slovenia or LDS [Katarina KRESAL]; New Slovenia
or NSi [Ljudmila NOVAK (acting)]; Slovenian Democratic Party or SDS
[Janez JANSA]; Democratic Party of Pensioners of Slovenia or DeSUS
[Karl ERJAVEC]; Slovene National Party or SNS [Zmago JELINCIC];
Slovene People's Party or SLS [Bojan SROT]; Slovene Youth Party or
SMS [Darko KRANJC]; Social Democrats or SD [Borut PAHOR] (formerly
ZLSD); ZARES [Gregor Golobic]
Political pressure groups and leaders: